TWO HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - Learn English with the NEWS And Improve Your Fluency

Welcome to JForrest English Training. I'm Jennifer and today you're going to learn English

through stories. We're going to review for different news articles. And through this

review, you are going to learn a lot of advanced vocabulary, Advanced grammar and even correct

pronunciation. Let's get started.

As you can see, we're talking about the new movie Avatar the way of water. So this is

the title of the movie Avatar, the way of water. Now, let me read the full headline

Avatar, the way of water passes, 1 billion dollars out the global box office. That's

a lot of money, right? This is the short form for billion. So let me write that out for

you.

You billion now.

Have you seen the original Avatar movie? I have not seen the original. And to be honest,

I probably won't see this one either, because I don't really, like, Sci-Fi movies too much.

What about you? Let me know in the comments if you seen the original, if you've seen this

one, or you're excited to see this new movie. All right. Let's continue on with our article

Avatar. The way of water has made 1 billion dollars at the global box.

Office in, just 14 days, becoming the fastest film to pass the Milestone this year. Let's

look at this here. The Milestone, this is a noun, and this is noun. This is an important

event and it can be in business or in life, in general. So what could be a milestone for

you?

You an important event in your life. The first one I think of is probably graduating graduating

from school, graduating from University. Getting married having a baby those important events

in one's life. So you could say, graduating was an important milestone for me. So notice

here, I'm starting my sentence with what? What

Is this grammatically? I'm starting my sentence with a gerund, a Jaren, and this acts, as

the subject of my sentence and we do this, when we're making a general statement, graduating

was an important milestone for me.

Now you could use it in business as well. We might say let's set a milestone to double

our profits this year. So in this case, it's similar to a goal and the verb that we use

with gold is you set a goal that's just simply when you make a goal but we don't say

Make a goal, we say set a goal and you can set a milestone as well. So, pay attention

to that verb choice, and this is the same thing as saying, a goal and notice when you

reach a goal, you can also pass a milestone, which is another way of saying exceed. So

they did more than 1 billion dollars, they passed it. So, the milestone for the

Film was 1 billion dollars and they passed it. They went beyond it.

All right, so obviously a very successful film. Let's continue on. The long-delayed

sequel has proved a hit with audiences despite wildly varying reviews.

So a sequel is when there's the original movie, I don't know if you remember, but there was

an original Avatar movie, many years ago. And a sequel is when they create another movie.

So it's part one is the original and then part 2 is the sequel and in the sequel, they

continue the story. So you can think of it as

Easily, I'll just say part 2, or it could be two or more. They can have more than one

Sequel and that is a continuation continued. Asian of the original movie, it could be a

TV, a TV show as well.

Now notice here has proved has proved prove is one of those verbs that actually has two

separate forms that are acceptable in the third form. The participial you could also

say proven has proven and both of them are correct. So we're verb, conjugations are to

prove. That's the infinitive and then you have proved as the base of

Course. And then we have proved and then you cannot proved or proven

Now, although both of these are correct, I would probably say that proved is more common,

but I do hear proven enough that it's worse. You knowing that both of them are acceptable

and grammatically correct but if you want to keep it easy, since proved is the past

simple. You can also just remember proved as the participial as well.

Okay, so here to be a hit has proven a hit. I hit in this case is something that is very

popular or successful. So this is a really great idiom. So you might say our party was

a hit. Our party was a hit. This means your party was very successful. It was popular

people enjoyed it.

So ultimately, it was successful. Our party was a hit. You could say. I hope our launch

will be a hit. So notice this is in the future because I'm using, I hope, I hope our launch

will be a hit. So I don't know yet. Launch is when you introduce something new into the

market. For example, a new product or surveys, you launch it. So you

Ooh, sit for the first time. So here.

Our expression is this is a verb to be expression to be a hit. Now. You need to conjugate your

verb to be according to the some janked and the time reference of course like always so

let's say you had more than one party our parties. Maybe you had an anniversary party

a birthday party and a retirement party all in the same month. You could say. Oh

our parties

were because we have the past simple with they the subject is they they were a hit our

parties were a hit now notice. I don't say our parties were hits although I hit technically

is singular, but I change my verb to be I don't change my noun here our parties were

a hit. I don't change it to hit.

Okay, so you conjugate, your verb, to be to be ahead and let me just write out the meaning

to be successful or popular. So it makes sense. They're seeing the movie was a hit, it was

successful. Well why was it successful? Because it was popular. So they're singing the same

thing really successful or popular. Let's continue on. It is one of only three films.

To surpass 1 billion dollars this year after top gun Maverick and Jurassic world domination.

So this is another example of a sequel, because there was an original Top Gun movie from,

I don't know the 80s, the 1980s or 1990s. I'm not sure. Long, long time ago, with Tom

Cruise, and then this year, they made a sequel a sequel

Equal. So, top gun. Maverick is a sequel. So top gun Maverick. This movie is a sequel,

the original was made in. I'm just going to say the 1980s. I'm not sure if that's correct.

It might be the 90s.

The original was made in.

The 1980s. Now notice I added the because I have 80s in general, when you have a year

in general 80s, a decade 80s 90s, you have to say the 80s, the 90s. But if I said in

1981, and I was specific or 84 87, then you don't use an article. The was made in

1987 or was made in the 80s, you can just put 80s or you can add 1980s. If anyone knows

when the original was made that you can share that in the comments. Have you seen the original

Top Gun? Have you seen the sequel top gun Maverick? I have seen neither, but you can

share in the comments. I have seen Jurassic world domination.

Okay, no, no, let's take a look at this. It is one of three. Now notice here films, one

of three films. Now, the film's is plural because it represents the three films. So,

there are three films. Now, one of those three films, so that's why films.

Is is plural even though we have one. So you might say, it was one of my favorite movies,

movies with an S when you have one of, it means there are more than one movies, but

you're talking about one specific, but the noun is plural, okay? But notice my

My verb is conjugated as singular, it was because of the one. So that's why the subject

and the verb is singular, but the noun is plural. So I might say she one of our best

Employ. Okay, so do I want employee?

Or employees and do I want. She is or she are. Well, hopefully this is pretty obvious

to you that we need. She is one of our best employees and then I need plural because in

the company, as a whole, there are many employees so I can be a tricky sentence structure. But

obviously a very

Common sentence structure as well. So, get comfortable with forming sentences like that

because you will use them a lot, okay? So notice here, they changed it to surpass. Instead

of pass. In this case, they're exactly the same. You can pass something, you can surpass,

something. I would say we generally use surpass when you're talking about money specifically

like a specific dollar

Mount and then you can use pass because remember before they are talking about Milestones,

so you passed a milestone but you surpass a specific dollar amount and both of them

just means you went beyond you exceeded. Okay, let's continue on. However, director, James

Cameron has said his technologically Innovative movie.

Needs to make 2 billion to break even. Wow.

If you know what this means, you know, why I said, wow, to break, even this is when your

total cost is the same as your total profit. So expenditures or cause, and your profit

are exactly the same. So, what you put out and what you get back our even even means

the same. So basically,

He's saying the movie cost 2 billion dollars to produce to create. So they need to earn

two billion dollars just to break, even not to get any profit. Profit is additional money

after your expenses. So, if the movie makes three billion dollars, two billion is the

cost of the movie. And then 1 billion will be

Profit. So you, this is generally used in a business, context Break Even, but you can

use this in your situation as well. Like more everyday situations, let's say you bought

a house. Okay. So,

House price I'll just say yeah price you paid. Let's say 500,000. Okay. This was the cost

of your house 500,000 and then how sold 500,000

This case you broke even you didn't gain any money and you didn't lose any money, you broke

even. So you might say we broke even on the sale of our house. We broke. Even now I took

my verb break and I put it in the past. Simple again, you might say

Let's say you bought a house during the pandemic when prices were really high at least in North

America and you need to sell your house today when prices are low, that's not a good situation

for you, right? So you might say, I hope we at least Break Even which means, I hope we

at least get the exact amount of money we spent on the house.

Aus now, any more money than you would say. We made we made. So in this case, if you sold

your house for

I'm going to put it up here, house sold, let's say, 600,000. Then you could say we made we

made 100,000 K is the short form for thousand and we verbalize it 100K 100K. We made 100

K 100,000 on the sale of our

our house.

All right. Now I'll just cover all the bases because

If the house sold for let's say, 400,000 this is not a good situation for you at all four

hundred thousand four hundred k. Then you have to say unfortunately we lost 100,000

on the sale.

Of our house which is very unfortunate. So hopefully you're in this situation and at

the very least, this situation.

Let's continue on.

The film picks up after the events of 2009 Avatar. This is the oh, the original Avatar.

Oh no. I asked when top gun was made original Avatar was made in 2009. Okay. So this is

the original. Now in 2022, they're talking about the sequel. The film picks up after

the events of 2009's Avatar, which is the highest grossing film.

Of all time. That's awesome with box office receipts of two point, nine seven billion

dollars. Mmm. And remember this is in 2009. So the value of that money was more in 2009.

Alright, highest-grossing gross. This simply is another way of saying, highest-earning

highest-earning in.

A business talk context, they use the term, gross, gross profit, gross margarine margins,

gross sales. So that's just more of a business term. But in more of an everyday context,

you can use highest-earning film of all time.

Okay, let's look at this pick up because of course, you know, the phrasal verb to pick

up. I just picked up a pen or you can

pick your kids up from school which means to get your kids at school. But let's look

at this because they're not talking about picking something up and they're not talking

about bringing someone from one location to another. So what are they talking about in

this context, will remember they're talking about the sequel, which was filmed in 2022,

it picks up after the events of

And nine in this context. It means it continues. It continues where the film left off. So in

this case, pick up you can think of it as to continue where it left off. Now, this is

a useful phrasal verb because we use it quite commonly in conversations. Let's say you're

in a meeting and

And you're discussing your sales strategy for an upcoming product launch, okay? But

you have another meeting, you have to go to. So, you end your current meeting, but you're

not done talking. There's still more to discuss you can say, let's pick this up tomorrow.

Let's pick this up tomorrow.

Let's pick this up tomorrow. So this is our conversation. Let's pick our conversation

up tomorrow.

So in this context you can understand it means. Let's continue talking about the sales strategy.

I don't remember what I said. Let's continue talking about our sales strategy and we stopped

talking about this one point. So tomorrow, when we continue our conversation, we're going

to start talking about the last topic of this meeting. So let's pick up.

Up our conversation tomorrow. So, in this specific context, it means continue. It's

very useful. When you're having any sort of conversations or discussions. It doesn't have

to be a business context. You could be discussing your vacation, plans with your wife, your

husband, your friend, and then you have to make dinner or you have to pick your kid up

from school. Notice in that context, pick up is a totally

Phrasal verb. So you might say, let's pick this up tomorrow. Pick this up after dinner

and finalize, our flights. So maybe you were discussing your flights. You have to go make

dinner after dinner, you're going to pick up the conversation and finalize your flights,

which is what you were talking about.

All right, let's continue on.

Analysts say, the new installment is unlikely to beat that figure as Cinema, attendances

are still down post pandemic, okay? The new installment, this simply means the sequel.

The sequel is, it's not the most common way of saying it. I would just ignore this. I

don't think it's that useful analysts say this sequel. That's the easiest way of

Saying it analysts say the sequel is unlikely. So in this case, maybe,

We'll say less than 50 percent chance. So maybe a 40% chance of 30% chance. It's unlikely

to beat that figure. So the figure in this context. If they don't Define a noun, you

have to look back at the last referenced figure, the last reference number. And in this case,

it's two point nine, seven billion. So that is

The figure 2.97 billion.

Remember BN is the short form of billion. You could even just do billion with Abby but

I'll just put b n so that's the figure dew point nine seven billion dollars. So beat

in this case means exceed. So to make three billion 3.5 billion for billion that would

all be exceed or beat to do more, so it's unlikely, there's less than a 50% chance.

And at this time, it's made 1 million, right? That's the no sorry. 1 billion. That's the

Milestone. It passed 1 billion dollars.

So it has 2 billion more that it needs to make learn before it beats its original movie.

So before the sequel beats the original movie but remember it needs to make 2 billion to

break. Even to be at that point.

All right, let's continue on. But based on current performance, the film is likely to

overtake top gun Maverick as the biggest film of 2020 to overtake means again, this is another

way of saying exceed, so Top Gun was in the lead. It was performing very well but then

Avatar right now maybe Avatar is even but o Avatar.

Just overtook Top Gun. It is now in the lead. So to become the leader.

To overtake to become the new leader, Top Gun was the was the leader Avatar, overtook

know. It is, I just conjugated when I said that out loud overtook because our verb is

take, you need to conjugate take. So in this case in the past it is overtook. So we can

say Avatar

Overtook Top Gun as the biggest film of 2022 if this has, in fact happened.

In this case, it hasn't happened because they're saying it's likely, likely means there is

more than 50 percent chance. That's likely more than 50 percent chance.

Let's continue on that news, may come as a surprise to critics, some of whom panned,

the way of water as a lumbering humorless damp, squib of a movie in which nothing meaningful

happens. And the story is really pretty stupid. So, some negative adjectives, you can add

to your vocabulary if you choose.

To come as a surprise. This is simply a way of saying, the news may seem unexpected.

So critics critics are the people that do not like the movie, okay? Those are the critics

they don't like the movie. So for them, it would be unexpected that

Avatar is the most common, most popular movie of 2022. It came as a surprise.

So this is a great expression, our verb is come, so you need to conjugate it based on

your verb tense. So you might say, I was promoted and it came as a surprise which means you

were not expecting the promotion. You were not expecting the promotion.

Now, we also use this in the negative form to say you were expecting it. Because if I

say, and it didn't come because here, this is my past simple, right cane. But, if I'm

adding my - the - is didn't in the past simple, and now, I need my base verb come, I was promoted.

And it didn't come as a surprise, which means you were expecting the promotion. So we use

both. You can say, it came as a surprise. It didn't come as a surprise, both are very

common.

Let's continue on water. Oh sorry that said the way of water and we read that part all

those negative adjectives. Okay all others. So others if we were talking about the critics

the other people would be the ones that enjoyed the film. So I guess we could call them the

fans. The fans that would be the opposite, you have critics and then you

Have fans.

So fans opposite of critics so fans, like the film critics, don't like the film.

I have critics as well and I also have fans. I hope you're one of my friends fans and not

one of my critics, okay, others. The fans were more enthusiastic calling the film and

eye-popping jaw-dropping spectacle and a fully immersive waking dream. So I just kind of

acted it out because imagine you you're watching this movie and your eyes open wide generally.

Happens when we're very engaged or we're surprised in a good way. When something is really beautiful,

your eyes open wide. So that's where this comes from an eye-popping or jaw-dropping.

So you might say, seeing the Eiffel Tower for the first time was jaw-dropping or you

could say

I was eye-popping

so when I saw it I went in awe and Beauty. So I and Beauty. What about you have? You

had a jaw-dropping experience and eye-popping experience a place you saw something, you

saw that was just so beautiful unique, interesting, share it in the comments if you had practice

your new vocabulary. All right, let's move on.

The original Avatar was essentially a science fiction version of Pocahontas, following the

story of greedy, colonialist human stripping, the resources of a distant planet called Pandora.

Greedy. You probably know what this means, but it's very common. So, I'll just share

it. Just in case. This is an adjective and it describes somebody who is not generous

is the opposite of generous

For example, my sister got a huge box of chocolates for her birthday but she wouldn't share with

anyone. She's so greedy.

So we can be when somebody doesn't want to share their possessions their money, their

food. We use this commonly with food. I know. Probably you instantly think about money but

we use it a lot with food as well. So if somebody doesn't want to share their food with you,

you can say stop being so greedy, stop being so greedy.

So notice stopped. And now, I have my, gerund stop is a, gerund verb or verb is the verb

to be, she is, this is the contraction form she is. She's she is so greedy. So, my verb

is the verb to be and the gerund form I need being stop being so greedy, that could be

something someone

Says to you if you don't want to share, hopefully you're not greedy.

This sequel is sent several years later as Sully and 90 re. I don't know how to say this

name, because I did not see the original Avatar and this is not an English name. So I will

just say 90 re solely and 90 re head under water to protect their planet from another

human Invasion while attempting to raise a family.

Okay, well let's just look at this head. This is a pretty common verb. So this is a verb.

Now to head, this is used as a way of saying to go to go so head underwater. So there they

live on the surface on the ground. Now, they're going underwater, they're heading under water.

We use this a lot when talking about going to a specific location. So for example, what

time do you want to head to the mall? What time do you want to head to the mall? This

simply means go or let's say you were at your friend's party and another friend could ask

you what time, did you head home? What time did you go home?

What time did you leave the party but go home is another way of saying leave so the verb

doesn't replace. Leave the verb replaces, go, but we use it in a very specific context,

not go in any context, we use it very to go to a specific location, that's how I would

use it. Even in a business context very common what time?

Are you heading to the conference? For example? So you can add this to your vocabulary to

sound very natural, but also you'll probably hear it. A lot from native speakers and now

you know what it means? So that was the ends of our article. Are you excited to watch the

sequel of Avatar or maybe even the original, if you haven't seen this sequel yet. Now,

what I'll do is

Who is, I will read the article in full from start to finish, so you can practice along

with my pronunciation. So let's do that now.

Avatar, the way of water passes. 1 billion dollars at the global box office.

Avatar, the way of water has made 1 billion dollars at the global box office in, just

14 days, becoming the fastest film to pass the Milestone. This year, the long-delayed

sequel has proved a hit with audiences despite widely varying reviews. It is one of only

three films to surpass, 1 billion dollars this year. After Top Gun.

Check and drastic world domination. However, director James Cameron has said his technologically

Innovative movie needs to make two billion dollars to break. Even the film picks up after

the events of 2009's Avatar, which is the highest grossing film of all time with box

office receipts of two point nine, seven billion dollars analysts. Say the new

Moment is unlikely to beat that figure as Cinema, attendances are still down post pandemic,

but based on current performance, the film is likely to overtake top gun Maverick as

the biggest film of 2022. That news may come as a surprise to critics, some of whom panned

the way of water as a lumbering humorless damp squib of a movie.

Which nothing meaningful happens. And the story is really pretty stupid. Others were

more enthusiastic, calling the film and eye-opening, jaw-dropping, spectacle and a fully immersive

wakingdream. The original Avatar was essentially a science fiction version of Pocahontas, following

the story of greedy colonialist humans. Stripping the resources of a

Distant planet called Pandora. This sequel is set several years later as Sully and 90

re head under water to protect their planet from another human Invasion while attempting

to raise a family, amazing job with that article. Now, feel free to hit pause, take a break,

go get a cup of coffee, or tea review. The vocabulary you just learned and when you're

ready, hit play and we'll continue on.

Go on with the next article.

I'm sure you recognize Prince Harry and you may know that he just released a memoir called

spare. That's what we're talking about today and I'm sure that's what many people around

the world are talking about right now. So let's read the headline. Prince Harry's Memoir

spare which captures the ugly side of Royal life hits bookshelves. Now, let's talk about

the title of this Memoir. A memoir is simply

a book that talks about your own experience or memories a memoir now. Spare in English

is an adjective, it's an adjective, and it means extra or additional. That's not in you.

So, not in use. So that means that's available. That's not a news that's available. For example,

I could say,

Do you have an umbrella?

Now, if I wanted to be more specific, I could say, do you have a spare umbrella? Remember

as an adjective, it comes before the noun and it just lets you know that I don't want

your umbrella if you're using it. I want an additional umbrella that you're not using.

So you might say, do you, do you have a spare pain if you're in a class and you're taking

notes or you want to take notes and you don't have a pen, you could turn to someone and

say do you have a spare pain? So I would guess that's pair in this contact. Is referring

to the fact that he is like the extra member of the royal family not in use because

Because there's no way he's ever going to become king because his older brother. William

is going to be king, so he's like the spare. That's what I would guess. I don't know if

that's true or not. Now let's talk about this hits bookshelves hits bookshelves. So hit

is our verb to hit. It's being used in a different way, of course. Because hit is this, that's

the verb to hit, but too.

Hit a bookshelf, when a product hits a location. It simply means to become available to become

available, so I'll write that out because it's used in the context of when a product

hits a location, it becomes available. So you might, as let's say, a new iPhone was

released or is going to be released. You might ask

When does the new iPhone? Hit the store, hit the shelves, hit the internet because you

can buy it online, right movies. When does that new movie? Hit the theaters become available

in the theaters. So is very commonly used.

So when does his or his new Memoir became available, hit the bookshelves.

All right, let's continue on Prince Harry's. Memoir was released Tuesday. This is when

it hit bookshelves Tuesday, not only offering right now. When I see this, not only, I know

that later on in the sentence, they're going to say, but also not only but also because

those two go together. So let's find out where they say that not only

Only offering new details on the British, Royal Family's bitter internal Feud after

days of bombshell, Revelations, and promotional interviews. Well, that was quite long actually,

but also describing. So we use this expression. Not only but also when we want to talk about

two different benefits or features or points about one thing, so,

so, you might say,

The book not only talks about the royal family, but also talks about his relationship with

Meghan Markle. His wife, for example, not only, not only, and then you have your claws,

but also and then you have your second Clause your second point

So that's a very Advanced structure. It's a nice structures, you can practice using

that in your own. We use this a lot in written English but you can absolutely use it in spoken

English as well. So, we have not only but also let's also look at this bitter. Bitter.

Bitter. Bitter is an adjective. When someone is bitter, they're angry or upset.

That about something that they just can't forget about. So let's say last week or two

weeks ago, a friend didn't invite you to their party. So you're angry and upset. You were

angry and upset at the time. But two weeks later, you're still angry and upset. So the

anger and the feelings of being upset have lasted because of that event.

That's when you would say she's bitter, she's been angry and upset for a long time. Angry.

Mm, said, about a past event, I'll say, and you're still angry and upset now, so the family's

bitter Feud, a feud is a fight, it's another way of saying fight their Feud.

I do hear this quite a lot in the media to describe when two people are fighting. It

could be a family, it could be within a company, it could be friends celebrities. I often hear

them described it as a feud in the media. But honestly, in in my own speech in speech

with my friends movies, I don't hear that a lot. It's I hear it more specifically in

the media in everyday context. We just say

Fight the families. Bitter internal fight.

After days of bombshell Revelations. Now a bombshell is a announcement that has a really

big impact because a bomb, imagine a bomb, right? So imagine you deliver news to someone

and there's a big impact of that. In this case, a revelation is information. That wasn't

Available secret information and now it is available and by describing it as a bombshell.

It had a big impact. So that's a bombshell revelation just information being shared that

has a very big impact. Let's continue on but also describing how he fell headlong in love

with his.

Future wife, Megan Markle. So this was quite a long paragraph. And then, I summarized it

in this very short paragraph, the media does that they like to use additional adjectives

to make it sound really important or entertaining when you can say the same thing in a more,

simple way. Okay, let's continue on. While many

Of the details from the book titled spare have already been reported, its release at

midnight Monday. Local time will allow the public to get their hands on a copy of a memoir

filled with glimpses into a rarefied family Riven by disagreement and distrust when you

get your hands on something. So notice the sentence structure, our verb is the verb guess.

Get one's hands. The one in this case, is the subject, they so it's there. As the possessive

pronoun to get one's hands plural, hands on is our preposition. And then something, when

you get your hands on something, it just means that you have it. And we usually use this,

when the something might be

For Colt to to obtain or there's some sort of significance in obtaining. Let's say there

were only ten iPhones that hit the shelves and I was able to get my hands on one. I was

able to obtain one and that is special or significant because there aren't many available.

So here's the example sentence and remember get one's head.

Hand. So you need to match the possessive pronoun to the subject. So I put that here

for you as well, so you remember one's hands

Let's continue on, okay? With glimpses into glimpses into when you Glimpse at something,

you look at something quickly and you don't necessarily see the whole thing, you just

see a part of it. So let's say I'm driving, I might Glimpse at a billboard a billboard

is just a poster that you see on a highway. So I'm driving and I

Glimpse at it, I can't stare at it, or look at it for a long time because I'm driving,

I have to pay attention to the road, so I might Glimpse at it quickly, so to look at

something quickly, so that let me write that for you. So to glimpse

To Glimpse at something is to look at something quickly. So, in this context, if we get a

glimpse into the royal family, it means we get to look at the royal family but only briefly

because we only get to see what the Memoir shares with us, right? So that's what it is.

Trying to let us know. We get to look at the royal family, but only a little bit, rarefied

is an adjective and as an adjective, it means not ordinary. So of course, the royal family

is not ordinary their extraordinary, their rarefied. So we use this as an adjective to

describe the family there.

The rarified family. So if there is a company that is quite different from ordinary companies,

you might say it's a rarefied company. For example, I don't think you'll use this adjectives

too much in your vocabulary, but just to understand the article, a rarefied family Riven by disagreement,

Riven by is another way of saying /, because you have your

We as a whole, the family is not arguing there together, but if the family is divided Riven

by it means the disagreement caused the family to separate to become divided Riven by. So

this is another way of seeing / / disagreement. Let's continue on some, Britain's flocked

to bookshops overnight to be

Among the first to buy a copy of spare, when you flock to a location it describes, when

a large number of people go to a location generally at or around the same time. So you

might say that people flocked to the Apple Store when the new iPhone hit the shells.

When the new iPhone hit the shelves, they flocked to, so a large number of people and

they generally went around the same time because the iPhone was released at a specific date

and time and that's when everybody went. So to flock to a large number of people, let's

continue on some of the books. Most eye-catching passages include allegations that Harry's

brother and heir to the throne

Prince William physically, attacked him during a dispute that his stepmother Camilla, the

queen consort leaked private conversations to bolster her reputation and that his father

King, Charles the Third had pleaded with his sons to not make his final years of misery

with they're arguing. So remember, we learned another word, another word for fighting we

could say, with they're arguing,

With their fighting, with their feuding, that could be another word with they're feuding.

So I'll leave that there.

When something is eye-catching, it means that your eye is drawn to it, so your eye naturally

goes to it. It is more interesting or it stands out more, it gets your attention. That's eye-catching.

So, the passages passage is just right. Now, we're reading a passage of this article, so

it's a piece.

Us of the article article and eye-catching is most interesting Parts passages. Most interesting.

Now, it could be another adjective interesting, engaging most entertaining for example, but

I'll just say most interesting.

An allegation is when someone accuses someone else, you did this. That's my allegation against

you. So Harry had allegations against his brother William. You did this. That's what

he said in the book, so he physically attacked him. So physical means that there was violence

involved, he touched him. He

Maybe hit him, we don't know. But there's some sort of physical illness. Attacked him

during a dispute. Dispute is another word for fight during a fight or an argument, or

again, a feud. We could say, Camilla leaked, when you leak something, it's when you make

it available, but it should not be available. So these private conversations

Seasons their private for a reason, but if you leak them is, when I say, oh, here's the

conversation. And I give it to you, but you shouldn't have it. So, that is the verb to

leak. This is a verb. I know it's a verb because it's conjugated in the past simple. So to

make

Information available, when it shouldn't be, because it's private information. It's not

supposed to be public to bolster her reputation bolster in this sense, is another way of saying

to improve to increase, to bolster her reputation to improve improve or increase. But in this

case, it's improved because you don't necessarily

Surly increase a reputation, but you can improve it. A lot of people don't like Camilla, right?

She has a negative reputation, she wants to improve it to bolster it.

Now I think to plead with someone is please don't please don't, that's to plead with someone

to plead with his sons. Not to make his final years. A misery a misery would be terrible

a misery with they're arguing feuding disputing or fighting. Let's continue on the publication

of such a Frank and revealing account is an ear.

Dented event in the centuries-old history of Britain's Royals who has Harry has pointed

out. Double as both a family and National Institution, the book has led to questions

over whether it could deal lasting damage to the monarchy even asking whether its future.

Existence is now, less certain, okay of Frank and revealing account, Frank is another way

of saying honest, an

Best and revealing just write this first honest, revealing is, when you share a lot of details.

So that comes from the verb to reveal, which means to share with details.

So to reveal to reveal a lot of details or information to share, share a lot of details

or information.

And then Frank means honest, an unprecedented event is an event that doesn't happen very

often. It's never happened. It's unprecedented. Now, unprecedented on its own means that it's

never happened before. But when you say near unprecedented, it means that it's almost so

near means. Almost

In this sense so it's implying that it's almost never happened before and the event is sharing

so much information about the royal family publicly leaking that information giving you

a glimpse into the private life of the Royals.

Okay.

And our final paragraph here. He has said that he still wants a reconciliation with

his family. When you have a Reconciliation, it's when so two parties, they're disputing

they're feuding, they're fighting, but if they reconcile, which is the verb to reconcile

is when they come back together as a family. So, right now there's Prince Harry here and

there's Prince

William Prince, Charles or King Charles here, they're divided. Right? So to bring them back

together. That's to reconcile reconciliation is just the noun of it to reconcile. We use

this a lot in a legal context because if a husband and wife, they separate which is illegal

event when they no longer want to be married. But then if they reconcile, it means they

do want to be married again and they do not end their marriage that's reconcile. So to

become friendly again after a dispute to reconcile. So, he wants to reconcile, he wants all reconciliation

with his family and believes one is possible. But asked whether he

Burned his Bridges with his father and brother to burn.

One's bridge is an idiom. So imagine right. Now if I'm here and I want to get there and

there's a bridge, I can easily go back and forth between the two, right. But if I burn

the bridge, the bridge is no longer there, I can't get there, right? So it's when you

act in a way that makes reconciliation impossible or act in a way.

Way that it's impossible to get to something else. So a lot of people are revised. When

you quit your job, don't burn your Bridges because you want to be able to go back to

that job in the future. How could you burn your Bridges? Well, if you tell your boss,

you were the worst employer I ever had. I hated working for you. You're a jerk and you

do something that makes it so.

Your employer would never want to work with you again. So that bridge to that job is gone,

right? So here I've added the definition. And the example. Don't burn your Bridges when

you quit. So be very polite friendly because you may need a reference from your company

or you may want to go back to that company in the future. So that's the article. I'm

sure there's a lot more in

Interesting details about this new Memoir spare. Are you going to read it? Share it

in the comments if you plan on reading this Memoir. And now what I'm going to do is I'm

going to read the article from start to finish in full so you can practice along with my

pronunciation. Let's do that now.

Prince Harry's Memoir spare which captures the ugly side of Royal life hits bookshelves

Prince Harry's Memoir was released Tuesday, not only offering new details on the British

Royal Family's bitter, internal Feud after days of bombshell, Revelations and promotional

interviews. But also describing how he fell headlong in love with his future wife. Megan

Markle while many of the details from the book titled

There have already been reported its release at midnight Monday. Local time will allow

the public to get their hands on a copy of a memoir filled, with glimpses into a rarefied

family Riven by disagreement and distrust. Some Britain's flock to book shops overnight,

to be among the first to buy a copy of spare, some of the books. Most eye-catching passages

include allegations that Harry's brother.

sir and heir to the throne Prince William physically, attacked him during a dispute

that his stepmother Camilla, the queen consort leaked private conversations to bolster her

reputation and that his father King, Charles the Third had pleaded with his sons to not

make his final years, a misery with their arguing, the publication of such a Frank and

revealing account is an

Unprecedented event in the centuries-old history of Britain's Royals. Who, as Harry has pointed

out, double as both a family and National Institution, the book has led to questions

over whether it could deal lasting damage to the monarchy even asking whether its future.

Existence is now. Less certain Harry has said that he still wants a reconciliation with

his family and believes one is possible.

But asked whether he had burned his Bridges with his father and brother, amazing job with

that article. Now, feel free to hit pause, take a break, go get a cup of coffee, or tea

review. The vocabulary you just learned and when you're ready, hit play and will continue

on with the next article.

We are talking about one of the most popular stores around the world. Walmart, do you shop

at Walmart? I'm sure is very popular in your city, right? If it is let us know in the comments

and we're talking specifically about begs. So let's read the headline. Walmart band's,

single use bags in more stores. First, let's talk about the word ban. This is a verb right

now is conjugated in.

The present simple and is conjugated with Walmart which is it Walmart. The subject is

it? So it bans single use bags in more stores. So to ban when you been something you no longer

allow it so to no longer allow it to no longer allow something, we can even use this.

With someone for example, you might say she was banned from Walmart because she stole

something. So she took an item without paying for it. That means to steal, this is the past

simple stole. So she stole something which is illegal obviously. So she is no longer.

Allowed at Walmart, she's banned from Walmart. Now, we use this with things like bags. You

can use it with certain products like smoking. Smoking is banned in almost all public places

at least in North America. So smoking has been banned from all restaurants. I'll say

all restaurants in North America.

At least, is it the same in your country? Can you smoke in a restaurant? You certainly

cannot in North America. Notice I put the present perfect smoking has been banned. I

use the present perfect simply because it's a completed action in the past, but there's

a result in the present. The result now is you cannot smoke at a restaurant. That's why

I used the present perfect.

Act now notice, this is also in the passive form. I should point out to be banned because

she is receiving the action, she isn't doing the action, right? So, if I wanted to put

it in the active form, what would I do to this sentence to put this sentence in the

active form?

I would start with Walmart, which is the subject doing the action Walmart? Banned her from

its stores, Walmart stores because she stole something Walmart, banned her from its stores

because she stole something. Now, in this case, I would say

Durant's have banned smoking to put it in the active form. So this is a common one to

put in the passive form because it's focusing on the result of the action, not who is doing

the action. So that could be a good one to practice in the active and the passive. And

you can do that in the comments section if you'd like now single-use bag.

This is a single-use bag, you use it once and then you throw it away. That's where the

single use came from, on the other hand. This is a, a reusable bag, and, of course, the

right here in the picture as well. Let's continue on. Walmart will eliminate our future simple.

So, this hasn't happened yet because it's

In the future simple. Which is, of course, we'll + base verb. That's our future simple

will eliminate single, use paper and plastic. So the example I gave was just plastic, but

you can also have single use paper, a paper bag and then you throw it out after one. Use

carry out bags, a carry-out bag is just a bag that you use to

carry out your items. So instead of carrying them in your hands, you obviously put your

items in your bag and you use the bag to carry out the items. So that's just what they mean

by a carry-out bag at the register. So this is the register where you pay. This looks

like a self checkout and there is a scanner and you can put your payment details. So this

is a register what you see in the picture right here at the register from stores in

New York Connecticut and Colorado this month. So a specific stores

Let's continue on, Walmart offers reusable shopping bags, starting at 74 cents for customers

without their own bags. So Walmart will no longer provide you with a bag. You have to

pay for a bag. So you either bring your own bag to the store or you purchase one of their

bags for 74 cents, Which is less than

A dollar. Now notice, it says starting at which means that 74 cents is the minimum price

there. Maybe begs that are more expensive. So maybe seventy four cents is for a small

bag and then there are larger bags that are a dollar twenty-five. For example, we see

this starting at plus price. So starting at plus price

To say that the price is the minimum price. So we see this a lot in real estate. It might

say these new condos start at 300,000 these new condos start at 300,000 which means the

smallest unit. The cheapest unit is 300,000 and there are more expensive.

Units available so start at plus a price minimum price. All right. And notice our verb tense

here offers what verb tenses. This Walmart offers. It is the present simple. Right present

simple. And in this case we're using the present simple because it's just a fact Walmart offers.

It's a fact Walmart offers reusable shopping bags.

Gun. This is a reusable shopping bag. So what about you do you currently use reusable shopping

bags. When you go to the store, do you take your own reusable shopping bags? Mmm. Share

that in the comments if you like.

Let's continue on, Walmart is policies, will mean the company is ahead of lawmakers in

these states in the growing push to eliminate banks that are typically used once and then

discarded. All right, so, here, the company is ahead of lawmakers, this implies that a

lawmaker, of course, is someone who makes a law. So this will likely be some sort of

Government law. So they are creating the law and soon legally, we will not be able to use

plastic bags, they're going to ban them. So Walmart knows that's going to happen. And

they're doing it on their own before the official law. So before they're officially legally

required by the government Walmart,

Doing this. So that means there are ahead of the law now also let's look at this in

the growing push growing in this context means increasing increasing increasing now a push

to do something is when Walmart is feeling pressure to do this probably because

Because of environmental groups, because of climate change because of consumer, preferences,

and behavior because of government policies that are going to come out in the near future.

So there's a lot of pressure from other people to do something and that pressure is increasing

with growing. So push to, you can think of that. Just as

Pressure to, which means many people want something to happen. So, within a business

context, you might say within our company, there's a growing push to work in the office.

So right now, most people are working remotely right at home, but there's a growing which

means increasing pushed to. So pressure from HR department from your boss. From Managers,

from clients, from stakeholders, they're saying, we want you back in the office, there's a

growing push to work in the office. Let's continue on. Oh, I'll just point out. Discarded

It is another way of saying thrown out, thrown out, and then discarded thrown out, which

means put in the garbage.

So, put in the garbage. So Throne is the third form of the verb. The verb is irregular. Its

throw through, and then thrown

Throw out I threw out my plastic bag. I've already thrown out all my plastic bags. I've

put them in the garbage discarded as a more formal way of saying it. Honestly for your

purposes and everyday context, use throw out, it's way more comment.

Let's continue on plastic bags entered supermarkets and Retail chains during the 1970s and 1980s

before then, so before, then prior to 1970. So, that would mean in 1965 for example, before

then customers used paper bags to bring groceries and other merchandise back home from the stores,

retailers switch,

Switch to plastic bags because they were cheaper. Hmm.

So switch to something. So that is when I wish I didn't throw out my bag. That's when

you have your single-use bag, which is a plastic bag, and then you switch, and you start using

something else. So my reusable bag, we use this a lot. You might say, I think I might,

I think I might

Which two apple, which means right now you are not using Apple products, maybe you're

using Samsung or something else. And then you're going to start using Apple switch to.

If you want to include what you're currently using. You would say, I think I might switch

from Android to

oil. So we use this with technology. You might switch the type of shampoo you use because

you're not satisfied with it. You might switch what road you take to work because you want

one with less traffic. So you can use this in many, many different ways. Just remember

switch to is the something you're going to start using and switch. From is the

Something you're going to stop using.

Let's continue on Americans use roughly 100 billion plastic bags every year. Wow, that

sounds like a lot of plastic bags, roughly means approximately, so it could be 90 billion.

It could be 110 billion. It's approximately approximately. Another way is around.

Round around 100 billion. So around is probably the most casual. It's not slang in any way,

but probably the most casual roughly would be in the middle and then approximately would

be the most formal. For example, you could say, I used roughly 10 plastic bags, last

Month. Now, you could say, I used approximately 10 pasta bakes last month or are around 10

plastic bags, same thing.

Just a slight difference in the level of formality. Let's continue on plastic bags. Are also a

major source of litter and wind up in the ocean rivers and sewers and harm Wildlife.

Let's look at wind up. This is a very useful phrasal verb. So I have my verb to wind and

then my preposition wind up now, wind up, this is used to mean, when you're in a particular

A situation or condition, but it's usually to be in. I'll say

And unexpected particular situation or condition.

So this the ocean, the river sewers that is not where these bags are supposed to be they're

supposed to be in the recycling bin, the recycling plant. But if they winds up here, it means

they are in that situation or condition in the ocean and it's unexpected or unintended,

that could be another one unintended.

That they're there. So I might say,

I stayed at home last night, but if I added I wind it up.

I have to change this to a gerund because I have my preposition up so I have to use

a gerund grammatically now, if I add it I wind it up staying at home last night, this

implies to you that it was unexpected or unintended. So maybe I wanted to go to a party or I wanted

to go to the mall but for some reason I didn't and I wind it up staying

Being at home. So that's all it does. It just talks about that the end condition or situation

or location but implies that it was unexpected or unintended. So, I'll write the original

sentence. I stayed at home last night because if I just see this, you have no idea if I

wanted to or if I didn't want to, but if I add wind it up, then you understand that wasn't

my original.

Tension, just like the intention for these bags is not to be in the ocean.

So, let's continue on.

Plastic bags, do not biodegrade, and only 10% of them are ever recycled. Biodegrade

is what happens when it is recycled. So when it biodegrades, it goes back into a different

material that can be recycled reused but plastic does not do that. Paper bags, on the other

hand, this is a great expression to show contrast because here

We're talking about plastic bags. Now, I want to switch to paper bags so I can use on the

other hand paper bags. On the other hand are more easily recycled than plastic bags and

are biodegradable. So paper bags do break down into particles that can be recycled reused,

but some states and cities have moved to band. So to not

Allow paper Banks because they are carbon intensive to produce adding carbon intensive.

This means they take a lot of carbon, so they require a lot of carbon require a lot of carbon.

We use this quite a lot, to be honest, I could say this job is very labor.

Intensive, which means labor. In this case means, I'm like using my physical strength.

This job is very labor-intensive. I have to lift a lot of heavy objects and heavy boxes

and I'm very exhausted at the end of the day, labor intensive. We use this with time intensive.

This task is very time intensive so maybe it's not a difficult task but it takes a lot

of time. So when you add intensive to the noun is simply means require a lot of and

then whatever that noun is

So that's our article. I hope you learned a lot of great vocabulary and grammar, and

hopefully now you will start using reusable bags if you don't already. So, now, what I'll

do is, I'll read the article from start to finish so you can focus on my pronunciation

and practice along with my pronunciation. So let's do that now.

Walmart been single use banks in more stores. Walmart will eliminate single use paper and

plastic carry out bags at the register from stores in New York Connecticut and Colorado

this month. Walmart offers reusable shopping bags starting at 74 cents for customers. Without

their own bags. Walmart's policies will mean the company is ahead of lawmakers in these

Eights in the growing push to eliminate banks that are typically used once. And then discarded

plastic bags, entered supermarkets and Retail chains during the 1970s and 1980s. Before

then customers used paper bags to bring groceries and other merchandise, back home from stores,

retailers switch to plastic bags because they were cheaper. Americans use roughly 100

In plastic bags, every year, plastic bags are also a major source of litter and wind

up in the ocean rivers and sewers and harm Wildlife. Plastic bags are the fifth, most

common type of plastic litter according to Ocean conservancy and environmental advocacy

group plastic bags, do not biodegrade, and only 10% of them are ever recycled.

Fairbanks on the other hand are more easily recycled than plastic Banks and are biodegradable.

But some states and cities have moved to ban them because they are carbon-intensive to

produce, amazing job with that article. Now, feel free to hit pause, take a break, go get

a cup of coffee, or tea review. The vocabulary you just learned and when you're ready, hit

play. And we'll continue on with the next article.

Cool. As you can see by this beautiful picture, we're talking about biodiversity. So first

let me read the article in full so you have a general idea of the context and you can

pay attention to my pronunciation as well. And then I will explain some key vocabulary

and grammar points. So I'll read the article in full now

Biodiversity. Can we set aside a third of our planet for nature? It's being called a

last chance for nature 100 countries back in calls to protect 30% of the planet. The

aim is to reach this goal by 2030 and conserve forests and other vital ecosystems in order

to restore the natural world.

The 30 by 30 Target is the key. Ambition of the UN biodiversity Summit cop15. But as the

talks in Montreal, Canada, move into their final days. There is division over this and

many other targets. Scientists have warned that with forests and grasslands being lost

at unprecedented rates and oceans under pressure from pollution and overfishing.

Fishing humans are pushing the Earth beyond safe limits. This includes increasing the

risk of diseases, like SARS Covey Dash to Ebola and HIV spilling over from wild animals

into human populations.

Under the proposed agreement countries would sign up to targets to expand protected, areas

such as nature reserves. It draws inspiration from the so-called father of biodiversity,

the biologists Edward Owen Wilson, who called for half of Earth to be protected, but there

is debate over. How much land and sea to include and some scientists fear at the targets may

be diluted.

So now let's talk about some of the key vocabulary and grammar Concepts. If there's a specific

word, you don't understand or grammar concept, feel free to leave it in the comment section

and I'll do my best to answer it. So, let's start right at the title here. Biodiversity

can we set aside a third of our planet for nature? Excellent question. I certainly hope

we can. Let's take a look at this to set aside. This is

is a phrasal verb. So I have my verb which is set and my preposition aside to set something

aside, now you set something aside. In this case, the something is a third of our planet

for nature. When you set something aside, it means you reserve it and generally, we

reserve, whatever that it is for a future.

Use. So in the context of our planet, we're saying take 30% of it and reserve it and we're

going to reserve it for a specific purpose and not in this case it's nature. So we're

not going to use it for any other purpose. We use this a lot in a business context,

For example can you set aside a few minutes to discuss the project? So you could ask your

boss this your client this A co-worker. This in this case we're talking about setting aside

time because you have a set amount of time eight hours in your work day, right? And you're

going to reserve an amount of time in this case, just a few minutes.

For a specific purpose. And in this case that specific purpose is to discuss the project.

So for now, get comfortable using this with time but you can absolutely practice with

other some things as well. Now, I do want to point out. This is a question and I know

this because we're one I'm starting with my modal verb can, which is a question word.

And I also have a question mark now for pronunciation if you

Go back to when I read the article, you may have noticed something called inflection.

When my voice raised at the end, we do that for yes or no questions. So I'm going to read

this again and notice how my inflection Rises. So my voice is higher at the very end of this

word because it's a question. Can we set aside a third of our planet for nature nature?

Remember, we do that for yes or no questions. So inflection for, yes, no questions.

Let's continue on it's being called a last chance for nature 100 countries back in calls

to protect 30% of the planet. Okay, what does it mean to back calls? Are we talking about

a telephone call? In this case, the call is to do something specific, you can call on

someone to do something for

Sample. I call on the government to protect the environment. I'm not calling the government,

I'm calling on the government. I'm requesting that they do something specific. Now, when

I back a call the verb to back, it means to support. So it's saying that 100 countries

support protecting 30 percent of the planet.

And remember this call represents the request request to do something. That's the call in

this case. And back means to support support. So let's think of an example. What could I

say the client wants us to back.

Their price increase.

Notice how I put the client singular but then I put my possessive as a plural there, price

increase.

Native speakers do this because the client could be male or female. And when we don't

want to be gender specific, we use their this isn't official in the dictionary, it's a force

of habit, the correct way. According to the dictionary would be the client wants us to

back his price. Increase her price increase or if you want to be

Be gender-neutral. You would have to say his or her price increase because there is no

singular that represents both genders. So native speakers will frequently say there

because it's just easier than saying his or her. Just keep that in mind though because

for your IELTS exam this is not currently a grammar. Rule is just

Thing that we do the client wants us to back his price increase in this case back. Remember,

it means support support, you probably know this or it might make sense to you when you

think of the expression, the idiom in English, I got your back. I have your back. If you

say that to someone, it means I support you.

Don't worry, I have or I got your back. We use it with both the verb have or the verb.

Got both of them are very common. I have your back. I got your back and that means I support

you. So that is where this comes from perhaps but now you learned this expression as well.

So let's continue on.

On the aim, aim is another way of saying goal so if you want an alternative added to your

vocabulary that sounds very formal and advanced you can use aim. The aim of my project is

to instead of the goal, the aim of The Proposal, the aim is to reach this goal by 2030 and

conserve forests.

Us and other vital ecosystems in order to restore the natural world. Vital is a great

word to add to your vocabulary. It means necessary.

Necessary ecosystems and other vital. When something is vital, you cannot have an option

without it, it has to be there. It's necessary and other vital ecosystems. So for our planet

we can't not have fish in the sea that would create widespread disaster across the world,

right? So,

A fish in the sea are vital, they're necessary and an ecosystem is just one element of the

world. One natural element of the world. I'll teach you an advanced sentence structure that

you can use with the word vital, because we commonly say, it's vital that I talked to

the client today,

So it's saying it's necessary, but vital sounds very strong, it sounds like if I don't talk

to the client today, something bad will happen. It's vital. So it's very strong. It's almost

a little dramatic. It will definitely get someone's attention. Is somebody says, it's

vital that I talk to you today. I would want to know what that person.

Wants to tell me, because it sounds very important sometimes, even though this is already quite

strong, we make this even stronger by saying, it's absolutely vital that I talk to you today

or the client today. This is to make it even stronger, but keep in mind you don't need

this because it's already very strong, but you can include it. So you might say, it's

Vital that I become a fluent and confident I always like to add confident because I know

a lot of students who are fluent but they're not confident. So I always like to include

both of those. It's vital that I become fluent and confident English speaker. Now it might

be vital because you won't get the job without it, right? Or you won't be able to get up.

Motion without it. So, this is a very nice sentence structure, and notice the sentence

structure to be vital, it is vital that, okay? That and then you have a Claus. A Claus is

simply a sentence. We have a subject, a verb, and an object. So, to be vital that and then

your claws practice that in the

ants below.

Let's continue on the 30 by 30 Target, this 30 by 30. Well, think back it was

Right here, 30%, right by 2030. So, it's just a clever way of saying 30% by 2030, 30 by

30 Target is the key. Ambition of the UN biodiversity Summit cop15, you've probably heard about

caught 15, it's been in the news a lot recently but as the talks in Montreal Canada, whoo-hoo

Montreal I live to our

Is from Montreal, by the way, but as the talks in Montreal, Canada, move into their final

days. There is division over this and many other targets. If there is division, division

means separation, right? So, it means some countries want this, some countries want this.

There's Division, I guess another way of saying it might be

rement disagreement.

Disagreement, that's a good one and notice our preposition. When you're learning a new

word is useful to understand how it's used in a complete sentence. You need the preposition

over division over something and we would use over with disagreement as well, disagreement

over something and the something being this. So that this I guess is the 30 by 30 Target.

And many other targets.

Scientists have warned that with forests and grasslands being lost at unprecedented rates

and oceans under pressure from pollution and overfishing. Okay, let's just stop there because

it's quite a long sentence unprecedented unprecedented, unprecedented. When something is unprecedented.

It means it's never happened before.

It's never happened before. So this is the first time it's happening. The fact that forests

and grasslands are disappearing. I'm just going to say 10% per year, no idea of that's

correct that has never happened before. Is unprecedented, unprecedented rates and oceans

under pressure from

pollution and overfishing over added to the verb. Fishing overfishing means fishing too

much fishing, too much fishing, too much overfishing humans are pushing the Earth beyond safe limits

when you push something Beyond a limit. So this is the limit and Earth is right here

behind the limit.

And the limit is, you can't go beyond this, okay? But when you push it, it means you're

going more than what is wanted or needed or required. So, we use this a lot when we're

doing tasks. I might say this, what task this accounting problem?

Is pushing us beyond our limits. And in this case, what could your limits be will? It could

be your knowledge. So, your knowledge of accounting is here, but this project requires your knowledge

to be here greater than what it currently is. So it could be your knowledge, it could

be your time, your resources, many other things that could represent that limit

So that's a good expression, pushing beyond the limits there.

Let's continue on this includes, so they're listing. How the Earth is being pushed Beyond

its limits more than wanted needed required necessary. This includes increasing the risk

of diseases, like SARS.

Covey to I don't know what this is Covey Dash to Ebola and HIV.

Spilling over from wild animals into human populations. When something spills over it

is another way of saying transfers. So let's let's say this problem is in the accounting

department, which is here. But then I have the marketing department here. The problem

should stay in the accounting department but

But it might spill over into the marketing department, which means, it, it transfers

into the marketing department. So, now that problem is in two places, so we do use this

for for General problems. So you might actually a good example. I just thought of was my work

is spilling over into my personal life, so your work.

Be here at work but it's spilling over. It's transferring to it's affecting so I guess

that's an easy way to think of it. When when a problem.

Or issue in one area starts affecting another area. So, one area, in this case is work,

and the other area is your personal life. That happens a lot, right? It could be a conflict,

a conflict with someone is spilling over into another relationship for example. So that's

that's a good expression, practice that one in the comments as well.

It's more of an advanced sentence structure and notices double preposition over. But then,

if you want to specify the the part that's receiving, the problem you have to use into

is spilling over and then this into belongs to the area, that's receiving it. So notice

that for, for forming the sentence correctly, let's continue on under the proposed.

Agreement proposed means that this has not been officially signed, so it's just proposed,

it's not official. So something that has been suggested or recommended, but not official

yet yet, meaning that it can be official in the future, but is also possible that it won't

be official.

Under the proposed agreement countries would sign up to targets to expand protected, areas

such as nature Reserves.

It draws inspiration from the so-called father of biodiversity, the biologist Edward, O Wilson

who called for half of Earth to be protected. So, here were you seeing this again? He's

not calling, he's not making a call, he's requesting something specific happen. So I

don't know if I wrote the definition before, so I will now to call for

Something to request something specific to happen, for example, the activists called

for laws to protect the environment. They requested, let's continue. But there is debate

over, how much land and sea to include and some scientists fear, the targets may be diluted.

Notice our preposition here, debate over there is debate over something. I'm sure you know

what debate means is when one person wants. This one person thinks that and there is not

agreement but I just want you to notice the preposition here debate over something.

Now diluted in this case, it's acting as an adjective because I have my verb be be diluted.

When you dilute something, you make it less strong. This is actually commonly used in

cooking. So let's say I have this small glass of water, right? But let's say this is entirely

lemon juice. That would be very strong if I took a sip of that. It

Would be very strong. So if I want to dilute it, I need to make this less strong. How do

I do that? Well, obviously, I can pour water in and when I add water to this lemon juice,

it will dilute the lemon juice. It will make it less strong. So we commonly use this with

liquids. Let's say, you got a cup of coffee and it was just very strong.

The Taste was so strong. You might dilute it by adding some water. You could do that.

You might add some milk as well to make it less strong, but we commonly use it by adding

water. Now, in this case, there are talking about the target. So the targets may be diluted

which means less strong, right? Less strong commonly used with

Cooking or beverages. I'm just going to write my example for you now that lemon juice is

too strong. Can I have some water so I can dilute it so I can dilute it in this case

is being used as the active verb to dilute something. In this case, it's being used as

an adjective to be diluted to be die.

Diluted and this is are adjectives diluted. Now are Target's, the targets may be diluted.

So what are the targets that they're proposing?

It was 30, right 30%, 30 by 30, 30 percent. So if it's diluted what would the target be?

Well, it would be anything less than 30, right? That's how it would be less strong. So it

might be 25% 24% 22%. Hopefully nothing like 10% or 5% because if it were 5% or 10% it

would be severely diluted, I would say that

This is just, you know, a little diluted, this is severely diluted. So that's how you

would dilute a Target you and make it less strong. And remember, we commonly use this

with beverages, so that's the end of our article. I hope you enjoyed it and enjoyed all the

vocabulary and grammar and the topic is very interesting, isn't it? I wonder if your country

is going to participate and Reserve 30% of your

country just for natural environment. Do you think that's a good idea? Share your thoughts

in the comments below and I hope you enjoyed this lesson. I'll mazing job with this lesson.

Now what was your favorite new word from this lesson leaves on in the comments below and

leave an example sentence, practicing your new vocabulary. And if you found this lesson

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