Speak ADVANCED English in 60 MINUTES | American English Lesson (LESSON PDF + QUIZ)

66,900 views

2023-10-27 ใƒป JForrest English


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Speak ADVANCED English in 60 MINUTES | American English Lesson (LESSON PDF + QUIZ)

66,900 views ใƒป 2023-10-27

JForrest English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
My goal is that by the end of this lesson, you're going to feel more confident speaking
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็งใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใซใ€ไบบๅ‰ใง ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
00:05
English in public.
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ใ€‚
00:06
Now, in this one hour English lesson, you're going to improve all areas of your English.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ 1 ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅˆ†้‡Žใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:13
Of course you'll improve your English speaking, but to do that you also need to include your
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐๅŠ›ใฏๅ‘ไธŠใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚‚ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:18
English.
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00:19
Listening, reading, writing, vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€ ็™บ้Ÿณใ€‚
00:23
You'll do it all in this lesson.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:28
Welcome back to JForrest
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JForrest English ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:29
English, of course, I'm Jennifer.
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ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:30
So that's what you'll do right now.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:31
Now let's get started with your weekly lesson.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€ๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:33
First, let's talk about your listening skills.
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ใพใšใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:38
A lot of students tell me that they struggle to understand native speakers at a fast pace.
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ๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ้€Ÿใ„ใƒšใƒผใ‚นใง็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็งใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:43
The best way to solve this is by listening to native speakers at a fast pace and getting
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’้€Ÿใ„ใƒšใƒผใ‚นใง่žใใ€
00:50
comfortable with our pronunciation changes and also the advanced expressions that we.
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็™บ้Ÿณใฎๅค‰ๅŒ– ใ‚„้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่กจ็พใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:00
Here's how this lesson will work.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
01:01
I'm going to say a sentence three times, and you need to write down exactly what you hear
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ไธ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ 3 ๅ›ž่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่žใ“ใˆใŸๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆญฃ็ขบใซๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:08
in the comments.
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ใ€‚
01:09
After, I'll explain the pronunciation changes that take place in fast English, and I'll
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ ้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ตทใ“ใ‚‹็™บ้Ÿณใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใจใ€็งใŒไฝฟใฃใŸ
01:15
also explain the advanced expressions that I used.
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่กจ็พใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:19
So let's start your first listening test.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:21
I'll say it three times.
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ไธ‰ๅ›ž่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:24
Careful with the blender.
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ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฎๅ–ใ‚Šๆ‰ฑใ„ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:25
It's a little finicky.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:28
Careful with the blender.
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ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฎๅ–ใ‚Šๆ‰ฑใ„ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:29
It's a little finicky.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:32
Careful with the blender.
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ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฎๅ–ใ‚Šๆ‰ฑใ„ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:33
It's a little finicky.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:34
I said careful with the blender.
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็งใฏใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:40
It's a little finicky.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
First, let's talk about the pronunciation changes.
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ใพใšใฏ็™บ้Ÿณใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:46
You can see here it's this is a contraction.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ธฎๅฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:49
It is.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
01:50
It's it's a little.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚
01:52
It's a little.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:53
So we pronounce that as a a soft D little, the little, the little little.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆ D ใƒชใƒˆใƒซใ€ ใ‚ถ ใƒชใƒˆใƒซใ€ใ‚ถ ใƒชใƒˆใƒซ ใƒชใƒˆใƒซใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:01
Now some native speakers will drop those sounds entirely and it will just sound like Lil will.
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎไธญใซใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็œ็•ฅใ—ใฆใ€ใƒชใƒซใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:09
And then we connect it with a a little, a little, a little.
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใจใคใชใ’ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:13
I personally pronounce the soft D's a little.
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็งใฏๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆDใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
A little.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€‚
02:19
It's a little finicky.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:21
Finicky is probably a new word in your vocabulary.
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Finicky ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:25
So let's focus on the sounds.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:27
Fin, ick E Now we're going to put the syllable stress on the first sound.
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Fin, ick E ๆฌกใซใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณใซ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎๅผทๅ‹ขใ‚’็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:34
Fin.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€‚
02:35
Finicky.
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ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
02:37
Finicky.
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ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
02:38
Finicky.
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ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
02:39
What does this mean?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:40
Well, finicky.
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ใพใ‚ใ€ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
02:41
This is an adjective to be finicky, and this means that something requires a lot of attention
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็ดฐ้ƒจใซใพใง็ดฐๅฟƒใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
02:49
to detail.
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ใ€‚
02:50
So the example is using a blender, a common household appliance that's easy to use.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ไฝฟใ„ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ๅฎถๅบญ็”จ้›ปๅŒ–่ฃฝๅ“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:57
But if this blender is finicky, it means that to use it successfully you have to really
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใŒๆ‰ฑใ„ใซใใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ†ใพใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ
03:05
pay attention to detail.
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็ดฐ้ƒจใซใพใงๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใ‚’ๅ‹•ไฝœใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
03:06
Maybe you have to make make sure the lid is on in just a precise way, or press the buttons
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่“‹ใŒ ๆญฃ็ขบใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง้–‰ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
03:14
in a very specific way in order for the blender to operate.
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้žๅธธใซ็‰นๆฎŠใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
03:20
Likely because the blender is very old or there's a problem with the blender.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใŒ้žๅธธใซๅคใ„ใ‹ใ€ ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
It's finicky.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:27
It's a little finicky because it being so finicky with me.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
03:31
This machines are really finicky.
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ใ“ใฎๆฉŸๆขฐใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ‰ฑใ„ใซใใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:34
It's.
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ใใฎใ€‚
03:35
Being finicky.
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ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ€‚
03:37
Now let's talk about grammar for a second, because notice the sentence started with careful.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใŒใ€Œๆ…Ž้‡ใ€ใงๅง‹ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:42
Careful.
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ„ใ€‚
03:44
Technically you need the verb be.
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ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏbeๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:46
Be careful, be careful.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
03:49
But native speakers will commonly drop verbs when they're not required to understand the
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™
03:56
sentence.
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ใ€‚
03:57
So if I said to a native speaker careful, they're not going to be confused because there's
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŒใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใ€Œๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
04:02
no verb be.
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beๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใชใ„ใฎใงๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:04
They understand what it means out the verb.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:07
Careful.
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ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ„ใ€‚
04:08
Be careful.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
04:09
They're both correct, and a native speaker will most likely just.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใชใ‚‰ ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:12
Say careful.
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ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:13
Let's try this again with another listening exercise.
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
04:17
I'll say it three times.
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ไธ‰ๅ›ž่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:19
She's a finicky eater.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฐ้ฃŸใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
She's a finicky eater.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฐ้ฃŸใงใ™ใ€‚
04:25
She's a finicky eater, I said.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฅฝใๅซŒใ„ใŒๅคšใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจ็งใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:28
She's a finicky eater.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฐ้ฃŸใงใ™ใ€‚
04:32
This was easy for you, right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ—ใŸใญ?
04:33
Because it's the same word.
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ๅŒใ˜่จ€่‘‰ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
04:35
Finicky, finicky.
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ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
04:37
So hopefully you could clearly hear that now.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ไปŠใใ‚ŒใŒใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:40
But the meaning in this context is different.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:46
We're not saying she's an eater.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๅคง้ฃŸใ„ใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:48
That requires a lot of attention to detail.
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ใใ‚Œใซใฏ็ดฐ้ƒจใพใง็ดฐๅฟƒใฎๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:52
A finicky eater is an eater who is difficult to please.
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ๅ้ฃŸ่€…ใจใฏใ€ๆบ€่ถณใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„้ฃŸในใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
04:58
Now, why would an eater be difficult to please?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใชใœ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’ๆบ€่ถณใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:02
Because there are probably many things that she doesn't like or she has a lot of specific
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใซใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅซŒใ„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚„ใ€
05:08
preferences about how her food is prepared.
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้ฃŸไบ‹ใฎไฝœใ‚Šๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชๅฅฝใฟใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅญไพ›ใฏๅฅฝใๅซŒใ„ใŒๅคšใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€
05:14
This adjective is commonly used to describe children because most children are finicky
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ใ“ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏๅญไพ›ใ‚’่กจใ™ใฎใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
05:21
eaters.
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ใ€‚
05:22
If you have kids, you can probably relate to this.
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ๅญไพ›ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใชใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:25
And you were once a child, so I don't know about you, But As for me, I was definitely
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‹ใคใฆๅญไพ›ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็งใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใๅ้ฃŸใงใ—ใŸ
05:32
a finicky eater.
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ใ€‚
05:34
When I was a kid, I only liked about 5 things and there was a long list of things I didn't
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ๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏ 5 ใคใใ‚‰ใ„ใ—ใ‹ใชใ ใ€ๅซŒใ„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎ้•ทใ„ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
05:43
like.
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ใ€‚
05:44
If you can relate to, that put me too.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
Me too in the comments.
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็งใ‚‚ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:49
Me too.
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็งใ‚‚ใ€‚
05:50
So I know that you were also a finicky eater.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅ้ฃŸ่€…ใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:54
Good luck with my finicky appetite.
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็งใฎๅๅฑˆใช้ฃŸๆฌฒใซๅนธ้‹ใ‚’็ฅˆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:58
Let's try this again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:59
I'll say this sentence three times.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’3ๅ›ž่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:02
The audience was hanging on her every word.
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่ด่ก†ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไธ€่จ€ไธ€่จ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:06
The audience was hanging on her every word.
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่ด่ก†ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไธ€่จ€ไธ€่จ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:10
The audience was hanging on her every word.
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่ด่ก†ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไธ€่จ€ไธ€่จ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:13
I said.
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็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:14
The audience was hanging on her every word for pronunciation.
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่ด่ก†ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไธ€่จ€ไธ€ๅฅใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
06:22
Notice how on her sounds like honor, honor, Honor.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒใ€Œๅ่ช‰ใ€ๅ่ช‰ใ€ๅ่ช‰ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
06:29
Because we frequently drop the H sound on her and then I connect those two words together.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้ ป็นใซๅฝผๅฅณใฎใ€ŒHใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฝใจใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใคใชใŽๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:36
Honor.
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ๅ่ช‰ใ€‚
06:37
I can also connect that with every honor, every honor, every honor, every.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ „่ช‰ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ „่ช‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ „่ช‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ „่ช‰ใจ็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:44
What does this mean to hang on ones every?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใซๅ›บๅŸทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:51
This is an expression, and it means that you listen very closely, very attentively, very
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่กจ็พใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ้žๅธธใซๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใใ€้žๅธธใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ„ใ€้žๅธธใซๆ…Ž้‡ใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
07:01
carefully.
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ใ€‚
07:02
Now with expressions, you need to make sure you have every single word.
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ๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ขบๅฎŸใซ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:08
So here it's on her every word.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅฝผๅฅณใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:12
So if you said the audience was hanging on her word and you forgot to use every, it wouldn't
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ด่ก†ใŒๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ everyใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
07:20
make sense.
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ใ€‚
07:21
Because with expressions, you have to use every single word of the expression.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅผใงใฏใ€ ๅผใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:27
So if you are listening to this lesson very closely, you're taking notes, you're actively
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€็ฉๆฅต็š„ใซ
07:34
participating, then you, my friends, are hanging on my every word.
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ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎไธ€ใคไธ€ใคใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:40
But if, as you're watching this video, you're also checking your e-mail or making dinner
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅค•้ฃŸใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š
07:47
or doing something else, then you're not hanging on my every word.
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:53
So I hope you're hanging on my every word.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎ่จ€่‘‰ไธ€ใคไธ€ใคใ‚’ๅคงๅˆ‡ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:57
If you are, put that in the comments, Jennifer, I'm hanging on your every word.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:02
And that means you're paying very close attention to what I'm saying.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใซ็ดฐๅฟƒใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
08:08
They're hanging on his every word, but he hangs on your every word.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใฎใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:12
They all hang on my every word.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็š†ใ€็งใฎ่จ€่‘‰ไธ€ใคไธ€ใคใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:15
Let's try this again.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:16
I'll say it three times.
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ไธ‰ๅ›ž่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:18
She has me wrapped around her finger.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:22
She has me wrapped around her finger.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:26
She has me wrapped around her finger, I said.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:30
She has me wrapped around her finger for pronunciation.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็™บ้ŸณใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็งใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:38
Notice wrapped the Ed is pronounced as a soft T Wrapped, wrapped, wrapped, wrapped around.
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ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ Ed ใฏใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆ T ใจใ—ใฆ็™บ้Ÿณใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ€‚
08:49
Now because I'm combining this with around, I can take that sound wrapped around wrapped
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ไปŠใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ around ใจ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ขใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š่พผใ‚“ใง
08:57
around and I can combine them together.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:01
Remember I said we commonly get rid of the H sound on her?
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎใ€ŒHใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
09:06
So I can do that here as well, and then I can connect it together wrapped around her
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆๆŽฅ็ถšใ—ใ€
09:13
to have someone wrapped around your finger.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:18
Or we commonly say little finger wrapped around your finger wrapped around your little finger.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๅฐๆŒ‡ใ‚’ๅฐๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฐๆŒ‡ใ‚’ ๅฐๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
There's no difference.
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้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:25
So little is optional in this expression, and this is when you have complete control
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ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใงใฏใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใชใใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใงใใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™
09:34
over someone.
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ใ€‚
09:35
And he's just infatuated with her.
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏใŸใ ๅฝผๅฅณใซๅคขไธญใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:36
This happens in situations where perhaps this guy is totally in love with this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใฎ ็”ทใŒใ“ใ‚ŒใซๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅคขไธญใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใง็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:45
And because of that she has complete control over him.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒญใƒผใƒซใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:52
And no matter what she says, he just does it.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ€ๅฝผใฏใŸใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:56
So he does her laundry for her.
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ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆด—ๆฟฏใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:00
He drives her to work every day.
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ๅฝผใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’่ปŠใงไป•ไบ‹ใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:04
She has him wrapped around her little finger.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผใ‚’ๅฐๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:08
I'll have you wrapped around my finger.
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็งใฎๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:10
No time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚
10:11
Please, I've got Doctor.
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ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:12
Reed wrapped around my finger.
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ใƒชใƒผใƒ‰ใŒๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใใคใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:14
Boy, Archie, Veronica's got you wrapped around her little finger.
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ใ‚ขใƒผใƒใƒผใ€ใƒ™ใƒญใƒ‹ใ‚ซใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฐๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:18
Let's do this one more time.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:20
I'll say it three times.
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ไธ‰ๅ›ž่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
I can't get anything past you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:25
I can't get anything past you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:30
I can't get anything past you, I said I can't get anything past you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:38
For pronunciation, notice we have get anything, so we have AT between 2 vowels.
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็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€get anything ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ 2 ใคใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฎ้–“ใซ AT ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:46
So I can pronounce that as get anything, get anything, get anything.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œget anythingใ€ใ€ใ€Œget anythingใ€ใ€ใ€Œget anythingใ€ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:51
And then I'll combine those two sounds together.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:54
I can't get anything past due now.
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ไปŠใฏๆœŸ้™ใ‚’้ŽใŽใฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:57
What does this mean?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
11:00
To get something past someone or you can also say to get something by someone they're exactly
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ถŠใˆใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใ
11:07
the same.
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ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:08
It's just an option you can use past or by.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใพใŸใฏไปฅๅ‰ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:11
This is when someone doesn't notice something important.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:17
But notice in my example I can't get anything by you.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็งใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
11:24
I used it in the negative.
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:28
Let's imagine an example.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:30
Let's say a customer is in a restaurant, and that customer ordered an expensive bottle
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้กงๅฎขใŒใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซใ„ใฆใ€ ใใฎ้กงๅฎขใŒ้ซ˜ไพกใช
11:37
of French wine, but the restaurant tried to serve him cheap American wine.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:46
Now, because I can't get anything by you, it means that you notice the details when
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€้‡่ฆใช ใจใใซ็ดฐ้ƒจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
11:57
they're important.
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ใ€‚
11:59
So it means that you noticed that this isn't the wine you ordered, and you'll say, wait,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใŸใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€
12:08
this isn't the wine I ordered, and then the waiter can say I can't get anything by you
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใŸใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ† ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
12:14
can't get.
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ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ€‚
12:15
Anything past this guy?
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ใ“ใฎไบบใฎ้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:17
Can't get anything past you, can I?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้€šใ‚Š่ถŠใ™ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:19
Never could get anything past you Can I?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ
12:22
An amazing job improving your listening skills of fast English and also adding these advanced
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ› ใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช
12:28
expressions to your speech.
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่กจ็พใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:30
Now let's improve your pronunciation.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:33
Let's do an imitation exercise.
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ๆจกๅ€ฃ้‹ๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:35
I'm going to say each sentence again three times, and I want you to repeat each sentence
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ๅ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ 3 ๅ›ž่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
12:43
out loud so you can imitate my pronunciation.
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็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็œŸไผผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:47
Let's do that now.
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ไปŠใ™ใใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
12:50
Careful with the blender.
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ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฎๅ–ใ‚Šๆ‰ฑใ„ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:51
It's a little finicky.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฐ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:56
Careful with the blender, it's a little finicky.
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ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ‰ฑใ„ใซโ€‹โ€‹ใใ„ใฎใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:02
Careful with the blender, it's a little finicky.
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ใƒ–ใƒฌใƒณใƒ€ใƒผใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ‰ฑใ„ใซโ€‹โ€‹ใใ„ใฎใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:08
She's a finicky eater.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฐ้ฃŸใงใ™ใ€‚
13:12
She's a finicky eater.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฐ้ฃŸใงใ™ใ€‚
13:17
She's a finicky eater.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฐ้ฃŸใงใ™ใ€‚
13:21
The audience was hanging on her every word.
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่ด่ก†ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไธ€่จ€ไธ€่จ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:28
The audience was hanging on her every word.
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่ด่ก†ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไธ€่จ€ไธ€่จ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:36
The audience was hanging on her every word.
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่ด่ก†ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎไธ€่จ€ไธ€่จ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:43
She has me wrapped around her finger.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:50
She has me wrapped around her finger.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:56
She has me wrapped around her finger.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใซๅทปใไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:02
I can't get anything past you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:08
I can't get anything past you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:14
I can't get anything past you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ถŠใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:20
Now let's move on and we're going to read a short article together.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใ€ ไธ€็ท’ใซ็Ÿญใ„่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:25
This article is about the moon, something we look at every single day.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœˆใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:31
Now, I love using articles in my classes because as we're reading this together, you're learning
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏๆŽˆๆฅญใงๅ† ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€
14:39
correct pronunciation, you're learning advanced vocabulary, you're learning complex grammatical
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใช ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•
14:46
structures, and you're doing it all in a very interesting and engaging way as we're learning
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ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœˆใซใคใ„ใฆ ๅญฆใถไธŠใง่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
14:51
about the moon.
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ใ€‚
14:53
So let's start the lesson now.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
14:55
1st I'll read the headline Why does the moon shine?
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1ๅ›ž็›ฎ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ™ ๆœˆใฏใชใœๅ…‰ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
15:00
So?
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ใใ‚Œใง๏ผŸ
15:01
Of course, the verb shine is when something sends out or reflects light.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œshineใ€ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ๅ…‰ใ‚’็™บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅๅฐ„ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:08
I'm sure you know that the sun shines.
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ๅคช้™ฝใŒ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:11
The sun shines.
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ๅคช้™ฝใŒ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:14
Shine is an irregular verb.
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Shine ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
15:16
So of course you have the verb to shine with an S because the subject is the sun ** *** it.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ไธป่ชžใŒ sun ** *** it ใชใฎใงใ€S ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸ Shine ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:22
Now, in American English in the past simple, we just add an Ed.
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ Ed ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:27
So it's regular verb in the past simple.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
15:29
The sun shined yesterday in British English.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏๅคช้™ฝใŒ่ผใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:32
They.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€‚
15:33
Use shown.
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็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹็”จ้€”ใ€‚
15:35
This sun shone yesterday, now in both American and British English, in the participable form
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ใ“ใฎๅคช้™ฝใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชž ใจใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธกๆ–นใงๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใง
15:42
it's shown.
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่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:44
So in the present perfect the sun has shone all day.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ€ๅคช้™ฝใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
15:48
So in American English you can say shine, shined shone.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€shinใ€ shined ๅ…‰ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:54
Now notice how I said the Sun.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒๅคช้™ฝใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:57
And here in the headline we have the moon.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซใฏๆœˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:00
We'll talk about the other planets in a minute, but for now, remember that for Moon and Sun
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ไป–ใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๆœˆใจๅคช้™ฝใซใฏ ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆœˆใจๅคช้™ฝใฎ
16:07
you need the because there's only one it's unique, the Moon, the Sun.
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1 ใคใ ใ‘ใŒๅ›บๆœ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:14
Don't worry about taking all these notes because I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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็„กๆ–™ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ PDF ใซใ™ในใฆใŒใพใจใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:20
You can look in the description for the link.
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:23
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ้šฃไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
16:24
You know that Earth would be a dismal place without its bright shining neighbor, the Sun.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๆ‚ฒๆƒจใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:33
So as we talked about, notice here the article the Sun.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅคช้™ฝใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:38
But notice Earth.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:40
Earth doesn't have an article in front of it.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใซใฏใใฎๅ‰ใซ่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใฎ
16:44
For.
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
16:45
It's not the Mars, it's just Mars.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ซๆ˜Ÿใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎ็ซๆ˜Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
16:50
You can see Mars on a clear night.
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ๆ™ดใ‚ŒใŸๅคœใซใฏ็ซๆ˜ŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:53
Earth is the third planet from the sun.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผ“็•ช็›ฎใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†
16:57
The because I already mentioned that, Sun and moon.
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ใฎใฏใ€ๅคช้™ฝใจๆœˆใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใงใซ่ฟฐในใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
17:00
It's the sun, the moon because they're unique.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅคช้™ฝใจๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:04
Let's talk about dismal.
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้™ฐๆƒจใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:05
This is an adjective and it means sad without hope or very bad depending on the context.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ€ ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅธŒๆœ›ใฎใชใ„ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:14
For example, you could say the weather's been dismal.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
17:17
So when I think of that, I probably think a lack of sunlight.
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ใใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ—ฅๅ…‰ไธ่ถณใŒๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
17:22
Maybe cloudy, a little bit of rain, not very nice.
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ใŸใถใ‚“ๆ›‡ใ‚Šใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๅคฉๆฐ—ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ไปŠๅนดใฏ
17:26
The weather's been dismal or my promotion was dismal this year.
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€็งใฎๆ˜‡้€ฒใŒ ๆœ€ๆ‚ชใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
17:31
So in that sense it sounds like very bad.
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏ้žๅธธใซใพใšใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
17:34
My promotion was very bad this year.
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ไปŠๅนดใฎ็งใฎๆ˜‡้€ฒใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ้šฃไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝใŒ
17:38
Earth would be a dismal place without its bright shining neighbor, the sun.
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๆ‚ฒๆƒจใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
17:46
But did you know that the moon would also be just another dull orb if not for the sun's
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆœˆใ‚‚ใŸใ ใฎ้ˆใ„็ƒไฝ“ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹
17:54
rays?
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?
17:55
The rays are where the light comes from, the rays.
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ๅ…‰็ทšใฏๅ…‰ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅ…‰็ทšใงใ™ ใ€‚
18:00
So you have the ball, which can also be called an orb.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
18:05
An orb is just an object in the shape of a ball, and then the rays are the light that's
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒœใƒผใƒซใฎๅฝขใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๅ…‰็ทšใฏ
18:12
coming off of the orb.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใ‹ใ‚‰็™บใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ…‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:14
That's for the sun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅคช้™ฝใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:16
Now, dull.
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ใ•ใฆใ€้ˆใ„ใ€‚
18:17
That's the opposite of bright, dull.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใ€้ˆใ„ใฎๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€
18:21
You can also describe a day as, oh, it was a dull day, not very bright.
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ๆ—ฅใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใ„ใ€้€€ๅฑˆใชไธ€ๆ—ฅใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:28
So there wasn't a lot of sun.
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ใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ—ฅใŒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
18:29
It was cloudy, maybe a little rainy.
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ๆ›‡ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:33
I think of the weather in London, England, when I think of dull or dismal.
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ใฉใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ—ใŸๅคฉๆฐ—ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ้™ฐๆฐ—ใชๅคฉๆฐ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใฏใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
18:40
Let's talk about the sentence structure here, because notice this first sentence is you
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
18:45
know that but in this sentence we have did.
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ™ใงใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:50
You know that when you add did.
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Did ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:54
This is to form a question in the past simple.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใช้ŽๅŽปๅ•ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
18:58
But in this case because there is no did.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏdidใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:03
We know that this is a statement, not a question.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใชใ็™บ่จ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:07
So this is being phrased as a statement.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฃฐๆ˜Žใจใ—ใฆ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:10
You know that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
19:11
But this is a question.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็–‘ๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:13
Did you know that?
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
19:16
Let's review this example.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:18
You know that I'm an English teacher.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:21
This is a.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
19:28
So this is a question because.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:30
I know that this information is known, so I'm not forming it as a question, It's a statement,
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ใ“ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏๆ—ข็Ÿฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€่ณชๅ•ใจใ—ใฆไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฃฐๆ˜Žใงใ™
19:38
but I don't know if this information is known, so it's a question.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๆ—ข็Ÿฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:43
Now this is not true.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:44
I'm not a piano teacher.
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็งใฏใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:47
That would be really awesome if I were.
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็งใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:49
But I'm not.
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ใงใ‚‚ๅƒ•ใฏใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใŒ็ถšใ
19:50
Is just an example to show you a statement followed by a question.
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ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็คบใ™ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไพ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚
19:57
So you can use this to give a known fact, but then provide additional information in
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆ—ข็Ÿฅใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ไผใˆใ€ ใใฎๅพŒใ€่ณชๅ•ใฎๅฝขๅผใง่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
20:04
the form of a question.
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ใ€‚
20:07
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:09
The moon shines because its surface reflects light from the sun.
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ๆœˆใŒ่ผใใฎใฏใ€ๆœˆใฎ่กจ้ขใŒๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
20:14
So again, here we have our verb shine and the subject is moon, and that's why you have
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ‹•่ฉž Shine ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไธป่ชžใฏ Moon ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
20:18
this S on it.
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ใ“ใฎ S ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:20
The moon shines, and despite the fact that it sometimes seems to shine very brightly,
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ๆœˆใฏ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…้žๅธธใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
20:27
the moon only reflects between 3 and 12% of the sunlight that hits it.
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ๆœˆใฏๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใฎ 3 ๏ฝž 12% ใ—ใ‹ๅๅฐ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
20:34
OK, so let's take a look at despite the fact that notice how we have this additional information,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
20:42
the fact that this is only required grammatically to form a sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฎใฟๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
20:50
When you have despite and then a clause.
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ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
20:54
A clause is simply a sentence.
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็ฏ€ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:57
It has a subject and then a verb and other information.
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใจใใฎไป–ใฎ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ผใ„ใฆ
21:01
An object you can't say despite it seems to shine brightly.
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่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซไฝ•ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใชใ„็‰ฉไฝ“ ใ€‚
21:08
This is a mistake I see a lot from my students.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:11
You have to include these three words and they're only there for grammar.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใฎใฟๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:16
They don't have any meaning.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใฏไฝ•ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:18
Let's review these sentences.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹็›ดใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:20
This is the one I see from students and it's incorrect.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใŸๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:25
Despite I'm busy.
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ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€‚
21:26
I'm busy is a clause.
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ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏๆก้ …ใงใ™ใ€‚
21:29
We have a subject, a verb, and then other information.
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ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใใ—ใฆใใฎไป–ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
21:34
Despite I'm busy.
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ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใ€Œ
21:36
I'll help you despite the fact that because you have despite and a clause, you need these
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ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใ€Œ็ฏ€ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
21:44
three additional world words.
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3 ใคใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎไธ–็•Œใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:47
Despite the fact that I'm busy, I'll help you.
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ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:50
So this is the correct one.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
21:52
So remember that and the only purpose is grammatical.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:56
There's no meaning in those words, so make sure you remember that.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใฎใงใ€ ๅฟ…ใš่ฆšใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:00
Are you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ๏ผŸ
22:01
Enjoying this lesson?
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
22:02
If you are, then I want to tell you about the Finely Fluent Academy.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€Finely Fluent Academy ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
22:06
This is my premium training program where we study native English speakers from TV,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใƒŸใ‚ขใƒ  ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใ€ ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€YouTubeใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใ€
22:12
the movies, YouTube and the news so you can improve your listening.
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
22:17
Skills of fast.
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็ด ๆ—ฉใ„ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ€‚
22:22
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€็งใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฐ‚ๅฑžใ‚ณใƒผใƒใจใ—ใฆ่ฟŽใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ
22:29
You can look in the description for the link to learn more, or you can go to my website
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€็งใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€Œ
22:34
and click on Finally, Fluent Academy.
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Final, Fluent Academyใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:37
Now let's continue with our lesson.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒ
22:40
The perceived brightness of the moon from Earth depends on where the moon is in its
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ใ‹ใ‚‰็Ÿฅ่ฆšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใฏใ€ ๆœˆใŒๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿ่ปŒ้“ใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎ่ปŒ้“ไธŠใฎใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™
22:47
orbit around the planet Orbit.
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ใ€‚
22:50
This is used specifically in space, and it just means a path, but a path in space.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นใซ็ฉบ้–“ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€็ฉบ้–“ๅ†…ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:57
So the path that the moon follows.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœˆใŒใŸใฉใ‚‹้“ใ€‚
23:01
The moon travels once around Earth every 29.5 days, and during its journey it's lit from
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ๆœˆใฏ 29.5 ๆ—ฅใ”ใจใซๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ 1 ๅ‘จใ— ใ€ใใฎ็งปๅ‹•ไธญใซ
23:10
varying angles by the sun.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ง’ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:13
In this case you could say orbit instead of journey, because when you're on a journey
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ—…ใงใฏใชใ่ปŒ้“ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ๆ—…ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
23:18
you're following a specific path and in this case the path is in space.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ็ตŒ่ทฏใ‚’ใŸใฉใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎ ็ตŒ่ทฏใฏ็ฉบ้–“ๅ†…ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:23
So you could say orbit this movement of the moon around the Earth.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆœˆใฎๅ‹•ใใ‚’ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใงๅ‘จๅ›žใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
23:29
Do you notice something here?
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‹ๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
23:32
The moon?
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ใƒ ใƒผใƒณ๏ผŸ
23:33
We talked about this, but I said that planets in our solar system don't take articles.
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ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎๅคช้™ฝ็ณปใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
23:40
But right here we have the Earth.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅœฐ็ƒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
23:43
Now, for the rest of this article, you'll notice that sometimes the article says the
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใฏใ€ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซๅœฐ็ƒใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
23:48
Earth, and sometimes the article says Earth.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
23:52
Why is that without an article?
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ใชใœ่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
23:56
Earth represents just a planet in our solar system.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๅคช้™ฝ็ณปใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
24:00
For example, Earth is the third planet from the sun when you add the article.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
24:06
It represents the planet we live on, our home planet.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆ•…้ƒทใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
24:11
We need to protect the Earth in this sentence.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:15
This movement of the moon around the Earth.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ›žใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎใ“ใฎๅ‹•ใใ€‚
24:19
You can think of it around the Earth, our home planet and the simultaneous orbiting
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็งใŸใกใฎๆ•…้ƒทใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซๅœฐ็ƒใŒๅ‘จๅ›žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
24:26
of Earth.
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ใ€‚
24:27
Earth being just a planet in the solar system around the sun, remember the sun and the moon
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎๅคช้™ฝ็ณปใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ๅคช้™ฝใจๆœˆใฏ
24:35
always take articles.
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ๅธธใซ็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:37
If you're ever in doubt and you're confused, I would say always add an article for the
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็–‘ๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅธธใซๆœˆใจๅคช้™ฝใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:45
moon, the sun, but other planets don't take articles because it is acceptable to just
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฏ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅ˜ใซๅœฐ็ƒใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ่จฑๅฎนใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
24:54
say Earth, but it's also acceptable to say the Earth.
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ใŒใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚่จฑๅฎนใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใ€‚
24:59
But it sounds odd to say the Mars and add the in front of other planets.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ซๆ˜Ÿใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ไป–ใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฎๅ‰ใซ ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
25:06
So just remember that accounts for the moon's different phases, so the different phases
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœˆใฎ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝ็›ธใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€ๆœˆใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝ็›ธใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
25:15
of the moon.
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ใ€‚
25:16
That is the shape of the moon when you look at it, when you see the full orb.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใ ใ€ใคใพใ‚ŠๅฎŒๅ…จใช็ƒไฝ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใฎๆœˆใฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸ
25:22
Remember an orb is a round shape when you see the full orb.
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ใจใใ€ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใฏไธธใ„ๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
25:25
We of course call that a full moon.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆบ€ๆœˆใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
25:28
Oh wow, look, there's a full moon tonight.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ไปŠๅคœใฏๆบ€ๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚
25:31
1/4 moon is when you just see 1/4 of the moon.
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1/4 ๆœˆใจใฏใ€ๆœˆใฎ 4 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใ ใ‘ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
25:36
And then they have other phases etcetera.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎใƒ•ใ‚งใƒผใ‚บใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:40
At any given point in the moons trajectory trajectory is the path that the moon is following
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่ก›ๆ˜Ÿ่ปŒ้“ใฎไปปๆ„ใฎ็‚นใงใฎ่ปŒ้“ใฏใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎ่ก›ๆ˜Ÿ่ปŒ้“ใฎไปปๆ„ใฎ็‚นใง ๆœˆใŒ่ก›ๆ˜Ÿ่ปŒ้“ใ‚’ใŸใฉใ‚‹็ตŒ่ทฏใงใ™
25:49
the moons trajectory at any given point in the moons trajectory around the Earth.
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ใ€‚
25:56
Now, I'll be honest, I think in this case it doesn't necessarily represent our home
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚็งใŸใกใฎๆ•…้ƒทใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ—ใ€
26:04
planet, and I'm not sure why the article is switching between the Earth and Earth.
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ใชใœ่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒ ๅœฐ็ƒใจๅœฐ็ƒใฎ้–“ใงๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
26:11
I find it a little confusing because in my mind, in this case it sounds like we're just
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็งใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ˜ใซ
26:16
talking about a planet in the solar system.
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ๅคช้™ฝ็ณปใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
26:20
We're not necessarily talking about our home planet.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ•…้ƒทใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
26:23
So if you're a little confused why at this exact moment they chose to use the Earth,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใชใœใ“ใฎ ็žฌ้–“ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใ ใฎใซใ€
26:28
and in this case they didn't, I also don't find it follows a lot of logic, so don't let
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏไฝฟใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ซ–็†็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:36
that confuse you.
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ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ›žใ‚‹
26:38
At any given point in the Moon's trajectory around the Earth, only half of its surface
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ๆœˆใฎ่ปŒ้“ไธŠใฎใฉใฎ็‚นใงใ‚‚ ใ€ๆœˆใฎ่กจ้ขใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒ
26:44
is facing the Sun, and therefore only half of the Moon is lit up.
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ๅคช้™ฝใซ้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๆœˆใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
26:51
In this case, because it's lit up, it means it's visible.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ…‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:54
It's visible because there is now light on it.
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ๅ…‰ใŒๅฝ“ใŸใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
26:58
So only half of the moon is visible.
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ใคใพใ‚ŠๆœˆใฏๅŠๅˆ†ใ—ใ‹่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
27:01
Only half of the moon is lit up.
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ๆœˆใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒๅ…‰ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
27:03
The other half of the surface faces away from the sun and is in shadow.
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่กจ้ขใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใฏๅคช้™ฝใฎๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€ๅฝฑใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:10
Because it's in shadow, it means you can't see it.
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ๅฝฑใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
27:13
To you, it's invisible because it's not lit up although.
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็‚น็ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใง่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€‚
27:17
It is the same shape of course in the sky, you just can't see a specific part of it.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็ฉบใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ๅฝขใงใ™ใŒใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:24
The moon is at its brightest when it is 180 degrees away from the sun.
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ๆœˆใฏ ๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰180ๅบฆ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใจใใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
27:31
From our perspective, picture the sun, earth and Moon in a straight line.
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็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅคช้™ฝใ€ๅœฐ็ƒ ใ€ๆœˆใŒไธ€็›ด็ทšใซไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆง˜ๅญใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
27:39
So when you picture they want you to imagine it.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใจใใ€โ€‹โ€‹ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
27:42
So the Sun, earth, moon all in a straight line.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅคช้™ฝใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใ€ๆœˆใฏใ™ในใฆไธ€็›ด็ทšใซไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
27:46
Sun, earth, Moon.
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ๅคช้™ฝใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใ€ๆœˆใ€‚
27:48
That is when it's the brightest.
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ใใฎๆ™‚ใŒไธ€็•ชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:51
At this time, the full half of the moon's surface facing the sun is illuminated.
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ใ“ใฎใจใใ€ ๅคช้™ฝใซ้ขใ—ใŸๆœˆใฎ่กจ้ขใฎๅŠๅˆ†ๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
27:58
Illuminate is when you make something brighter with light.
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ใ‚คใƒซใƒŸใƒใƒผใƒˆใจใฏใ€ๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
28:02
So we use this a lot in festivals, holidays, parties.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒใƒซใ€ไผ‘ๆ—ฅใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
28:06
You could say the streets were illuminated.
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่ก—่ทฏใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใฃใŸใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
28:09
In this case to be illuminated, the streets were illuminated for the festival.
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ็ฅญใ‚ŠใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ก—่ทฏใŒใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:15
So I imagine walking down the street and there are lots and lots of lights hanging.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€้€šใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็…งๆ˜ŽใŒใถใ‚‰ไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚
28:21
So even if it's night time, the streets are still bright because of the lights because
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ใ€ๅคœใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚่ก—่ทฏ ็ฏใŒ
28:27
the streets were illuminated.
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็ฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่ก—็ฏใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใงๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:30
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
28:32
This is what's known as a full moon.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆบ€ๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚
28:35
I'm sure you're familiar with a full moon when the entire moon is visible.
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ๆœˆๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๆบ€ๆœˆใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
28:42
Personally, I think my favorite moon is the Crescent moon shape because I find it looks
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใ€็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆœˆใฏไธ‰ๆ—ฅๆœˆใฎๅฝขใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
28:48
so magical in the sky, this little sliver of the moon.
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็ฉบใซๆตฎใ‹ใถใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๆœˆใฎใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‰ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
28:54
So what about you?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
28:55
Are you more of a full moon?
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ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ๆบ€ๆœˆใฃใฝใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
28:56
A Crescent moon?
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ไธ‰ๆ—ฅๆœˆ๏ผŸ
28:58
Put that in the comment.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
28:59
You could just put the emoji or you can put the full word as well.
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็ตตๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
29:03
I'm sure probably more people want the full moon, but who knows, maybe other people like
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆบ€ๆœˆใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚€ไบบใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰็งใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธ‰ๆ—ฅๆœˆใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
29:07
the Crescent moon just like me.
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ใ€‚
29:10
So put that in the comments.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
29:11
OK, At New Moon on the other hand, This is a stage of the Moon called New Moon.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๆ–ฐๆœˆใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆ–ฐๆœˆใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎๆฎต้šŽใงใ™ใ€‚
29:18
At New Moon, on the other hand.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๆ–ฐๆœˆใฎใจใใ€‚
29:20
The moon isn't even visible from our vantage point.
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ๆœˆใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
29:25
Our vantage point.
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็งใŸใกใฎๆœ‰ๅˆฉใชๅœฐ็‚นใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๆœˆใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
29:26
This is another way of saying our perspective, because of course the moon is visible.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ ใ€‚
29:32
It's visible in the sky, but we can't see it because of our perspective.
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็ฉบใซใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใฎใ›ใ„ใง่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
29:39
Where we physically are and the angle at which we're trying to see it.
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็งใŸใกใŒ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ง’ๅบฆใ€‚
29:45
It's impossible, but it's still there.
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ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:48
Of course, this is when the moon is between the sun and the Earth, so that the side of
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆœˆใŒ ๅคช้™ฝใจๅœฐ็ƒใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
29:56
the moon reflecting sunlight is facing away from Earth.
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ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎ้ขใŒๅœฐ็ƒใจใฏๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
30:02
And this is the reason why we can't see the moon when it's in the moon phase, new moon.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ๆœˆ็›ธใ€ๆ–ฐๆœˆใฎใจใใซๆœˆใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
30:09
So if my hands were people, right now they're facing each other.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฎๆ‰‹ใŒไบบ้–“ใ ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:15
They're facing each other.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:18
Now this person is facing away from this person, facing each other, facing away from this person.
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ไปŠใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใฏใ“ใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰่ƒŒใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ€ ๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ๅˆใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰่ƒŒใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:30
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
30:31
In the days before and after a new moon, we'll see a sliver.
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ๆ–ฐๆœˆใฎๅ‰ๅพŒใซใฏใ€ใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใช ๅ…‰ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
30:37
I used this word before when I was describing Crescent moon.
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ไปฅๅ‰ใ€ไธ‰ๆ—ฅๆœˆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
30:41
A sliver is a very small amount, so let's look at this example.
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ใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒผใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฐ‘้‡ใชใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
30:48
Would you like some cake?
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
30:49
So you have a whole cake and someone can say just a sliver, A sliver.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ€ใ€Œใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
30:54
So they're telling you just a very small amount of cake.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘้‡ใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ—ใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
30:58
So not even a normal portion of cake, just a sliver, a small amount of that cake.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎ้€šๅธธใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ•ใˆใ€ ใใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€้ƒจใ€ใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:06
In the days before and after a new moon, we'll see a sliver of the moon reflecting sunlight,
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ๆ–ฐๆœˆใฎๅ‰ๅพŒใซใฏ ๆœˆใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใˆใ€
31:13
and during those times, the faint brightness of the rest of the moon.
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ใใฎๆ™‚ใซใฏๆœˆใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎใปใฎใ‹ใชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
31:19
Let's talk about faint.
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ๅคฑ็ฅžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
31:21
Faint means not strong, not clear, so faint brightness.
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ใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใชใจใฏใ€ๅผทใใชใ„ใ€ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใ€‚
31:26
The brightness was not very strong, not very clear.
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅผทใใชใใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š ้ฎฎๆ˜Žใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
31:30
So let's imagine that the color is this bright bright red.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่‰ฒใŒใ“ใฎๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„่ตคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
31:34
But all you see is this color.
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ใงใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใฎ่‰ฒใ ใ‘ใ€‚
31:37
You would say, oh, the color is very faint.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€่‰ฒใŒใจใฆใ‚‚่–„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
31:41
It's supposed to be bright red.
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็œŸใฃ่ตคใซใชใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
31:43
But this is all I see.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
31:45
The color is very faint, not strong, not clear.
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่‰ฒใฏ้žๅธธใซ่–„ใใ€ๅผทใใฏใชใใ€้€ๆ˜Žใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
31:50
We also have a very common expression using this word, faint.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พ ใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใชใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
31:54
I haven't the faintest idea.
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็งใซใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ€ใ„ใคใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
31:57
I haven't the faintest idea.
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็งใซใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ€ใ„ใคใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
31:59
This means I have no idea.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
32:03
So if someone asks you how large is the moon, you could say, oh, I haven't the faintest
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆœˆใฎๅคงใใ•ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใซใฏใพใฃใŸใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€
32:11
idea because I don't know.
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็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
32:13
I have no idea, I haven't the faintest idea.
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ใพใฃใŸใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใพใฃใŸใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
32:19
Very common expression.
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้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
32:21
The faint brightness of the rest of the moon, the part not brightly lit as a sliver.
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ๆœˆใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€ ่–„็‰‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎใปใฎใ‹ใชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใ€‚
32:28
Remember the sliver is the small amount of is a result of what scientists call earth
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ๆ–ญ็‰‡ใฏใ€็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŒๅœฐ็ƒใฎ่ผใใจๅ‘ผใถใ‚‚ใฎใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฐ‘้‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
32:34
shine.
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ใ€‚
32:35
I've never heard this before.
461
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ใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏไปŠใพใง่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
32:37
It's the technical term in which the moons relatively dark disk is slightly illuminated.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ก›ๆ˜Ÿใฎ ๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ๆš—ใ„ๅ††็›คใŒใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
32:45
Remember, we know what illuminated is when it's becomes brighter because of light and
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅ…‰ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใฃใŸใจใใ€็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
32:52
slightly means a small amount.
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ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซใจใฏๅฐ‘้‡ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:56
You could also say faintly illuminated because it would be not strong or not clear, so I'll
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ๅผทใใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใปใฎใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
33:03
write that for you.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใ‹ใ‚‰
33:04
You could say faintly, faintly illuminated, slightly illuminated by sunlight that reflects
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ๅๅฐ„ใ—ใ€ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅๅฐ„ใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฎ็›ฎใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใซใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใปใฎใ‹ใซใ€ใปใฎใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
33:12
off of Earth, then off the moon and back to our eyes.
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ใ€‚
33:18
So this is the process of earth shine.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅœฐ็ƒใฎ่ผใใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
33:21
I've never heard that before, so if you don't quite understand what this means, don't worry.
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ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
33:26
It's quite a technical term I personally don't quite understand.
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช็”จ่ชžใชใฎใงใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใฏ ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
33:30
It either, so we could say together.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
33:32
Oh, I haven't the faintest idea what earth shine is.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ขใƒผใ‚นใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚คใƒณใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ๅ…จใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
33:37
If I read this some more a few more times and think about it, I'm sure it will become
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‹่ชญใ‚“ใง ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ
33:44
clearer to me.
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ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใจๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:45
But right now I can say I haven't the faintest idea what earth shine is.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ขใƒผใ‚นใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚คใƒณใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ๅ…จใๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
33:50
And that's the end of our article.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
33:54
So what I'll do now is I'll read the article from start to finish, and this time you can
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๅ›žใฏ
33:58
focus on my pronunciation.
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็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
34:00
Let's do that now.
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ไปŠใ™ใใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
34:02
Why does the moon shine?
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ใชใœๆœˆใฏ่ผใใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
34:05
You know that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ้šฃไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝใŒ
34:06
Earth would be a dismal place without its bright shining neighbor, the sun.
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๆ‚ฒๆƒจใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
34:11
But did you know that the moon would also be just another dull orb if not for the sun's
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆœˆใ‚‚ใŸใ ใฎ้ˆใ„็ƒไฝ“ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹
34:17
rays?
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?
34:18
The moon shines because its surface reflects light from the sun, and despite the fact that
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ๆœˆใŒ่ผใใฎใฏใ€ใใฎ่กจ้ขใŒ ๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆœˆ
34:23
it sometimes seems to shine very brightly, the moon reflects only between 3 and 12% of
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ใŒ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆœˆใŒๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใฎ 3 ๏ฝž 12% ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
34:30
the sunlight that hits it.
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ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒ
34:33
The perceived brightness of the moon from Earth depends on where the moon is in its
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ใ‹ใ‚‰็Ÿฅ่ฆšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใฏใ€ ๆœˆใŒๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎ่ปŒ้“ไธŠใฎใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™
34:38
orbit around the planet.
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ใ€‚
34:40
The moon travels once around Earth every 29.5 days, and during his journey it's lit from
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ๆœˆใฏ 29.5 ๆ—ฅใ”ใจใซๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ 1 ๅ‘จใ— ใ€ใใฎ็งปๅ‹•ไธญใซ
34:47
varying angles by the sun.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ง’ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
34:50
This movement of the moon around the Earth and the simultaneous orbiting of Earth around
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ใ“ใฎๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎๆœˆใฎๅ‹•ใ ใจใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซๅœฐ็ƒใŒๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ…ฌ่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€
34:55
the sun accounts for the moon's different phases.
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ๆœˆใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝ็›ธใŒ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
34:59
Full moon, quarter moon, etcetera.
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ๆบ€ๆœˆใ€ๅ››ๅˆ†ใฎไธ€ใฎๆœˆใชใฉใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ›žใ‚‹
35:02
At any given point in the Moon's trajectory around the Earth, only half of its surface
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ๆœˆใฎ่ปŒ้“ไธŠใฎใฉใฎ็‚นใงใ‚‚ ใ€ๆœˆใฎ่กจ้ขใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒ
35:07
is facing the sun, and therefore only half of the moon is lit up.
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ๅคช้™ฝใซ้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๆœˆใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
35:12
The other half of the surface faces away from the Sun and is in shadow.
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่กจ้ขใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใฏๅคช้™ฝใฎๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€ๅฝฑใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:17
The moon is at its brightest when it is 180 degrees away from the sun from our perspective.
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ๆœˆใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใฆๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ 180 ๅบฆ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใจใใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:24
Picture the sun, Earth and moon in a straight line.
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ๅคช้™ฝใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใ€ๆœˆใŒไธ€็›ด็ทšใซไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆง˜ๅญใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
35:27
At this time, the full half of the moon's surface facing the sun is illuminated and
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ใ“ใฎใจใใ€ ๅคช้™ฝใซ้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎ่กจ้ขใฎๅŠๅˆ†ๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ€
35:33
is visible from Earth.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹
35:35
This is what's known as a full moon at New Moon.
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ๆ–ฐๆœˆๆบ€ๆœˆใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
35:40
On the other hand, the moon isn't even visible from our vantage point.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๆœˆใฏ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
35:45
This is when the moon is between the sun and the Earth, so that the side of the moon reflecting
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆœˆใŒๅคช้™ฝใจๅœฐ็ƒใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎ้ขใŒ
35:50
sunlight is facing away from Earth.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
35:53
In the days before and after a new moon, we'll see a sliver of the moon reflecting sunlight.
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ๆ–ฐๆœˆใฎๅ‰ๅพŒใซใฏใ€ ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎๆ–ญ็‰‡ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
36:00
And during those times, the faint brightness of the rest of the moon.
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎใจใใ€ ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎๆœˆใฎใปใฎใ‹ใชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใ€‚
36:04
The part not brightly lit as a sliver is a result of what scientists call earthshine,
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่–„็‰‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€ ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŒๅœฐ็ƒ็…งใจๅ‘ผใถใ‚‚ใฎใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
36:11
in which the moon's relatively dark disk is slightly illuminated by sunlight that reflects
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ๆœˆใฎๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ๆš—ใ„ๅ††็›คใŒใ€
36:17
off of Earth, then off the moon and back to our eyes.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใงๅๅฐ„ใ—ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆœˆใงๅๅฐ„ใ—ใฆ ็งใŸใกใฎ็›ฎใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:22
Now we're going to keep expanding your vocabulary, and you're going to learn advanced phrasal
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใฆใ„ใใ€ ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅฅ
36:29
verbs.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:30
These phrasal verbs are.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
36:31
Commonly used in a more academic and professional environment.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅญฆ่ก“็š„ใ‹ใคๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใช็’ฐๅขƒใงไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
36:36
So now you're going to learn the top 10 academic phrasal.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ— 10 ใฎๅญฆ่ก“็š„ใชใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
36:41
Verbs to.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใธใ€‚
36:42
Put forth, this is used when you present or propose.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ๆๆกˆใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
36:48
An idea, argument, or theory for consideration.
519
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่€ƒๆ…ฎใ™ในใใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็†่ซ–ใ€‚
36:52
For example, the scholar put forth an intriguing hypothesis regarding cultural evolution.
520
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใใฎๅญฆ่€…ใฏ ๆ–‡ๅŒ–้€ฒๅŒ–ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ไปฎ่ชฌใ‚’ๆๅ”ฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
37:00
In this case, when you say, she put forth this hypothesis.
521
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใฎไปฎ่ชฌใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
37:07
It means she presented it, she proposed it, and it suggests there's going to be consideration.
522
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ็คบใ—ใ€ๆๆกˆใ—ใ€ๆคœ่จŽใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
37:15
Is this a good hypothesis?
523
2235280
2070
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ไปฎ่ชฌใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
37:17
Is this a bad hypothesis?
524
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ‚ชใ„ไปฎ่ชฌใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
37:19
And why?
525
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ
37:20
So they'll discuss it and decide.
526
2240609
2841
ใใ‚Œใง่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใฆๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ‡บใ™ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ
37:23
Let's talk about the verb conjugation of the verb to put forth.
527
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ๅ‹•่ฉžๆดป็”จใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
37:29
So the phrasal verb is to put forth.
528
2249650
2090
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ put out ใงใ™ใ€‚
37:31
But with phrasal verbs, you only conjugate the verb.
529
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
37:35
Here the verb is.
530
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ใ“ใ“ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
37:40
Is.
531
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ใฏใ€‚
37:44
She put forth a hypothesis and the past participle is put.
532
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10280
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปฎ่ชฌใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
37:54
She's already put forth, she has put forth.
533
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚
37:59
So notice those 3 conjugations are put.
534
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๆดป็”จๅฝขใŒ้…็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
38:03
It's the time reference or the context of the sentence that will make it obvious if
535
2283030
5160
ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใ‚„ๆ–‡ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€
38:08
it is the base verb, the past simple or the present perfect to bring about.
536
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7450
ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใ‹ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใชใฎใ‹ใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:15
This is used to say that.
537
2295640
1199
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใ†่จ€ใ†ใจใใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
38:16
Something causes or initiates a change, a result or an outcome, for example.
538
2296839
8000
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ€็ตๆžœใ€็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใ‚Š้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
38:24
This study aims to bring about a shift in public perception of environmental issues.
539
2304839
7121
ใ“ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใฏใ€็’ฐๅขƒๅ•้กŒใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌใฎ่ช่ญ˜ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎ็š„ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
38:31
So in this case, they want to bring about a shift in public perception, so they want
540
2311960
6040
ใคใพใ‚Šใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅคง่ก†ใฎ่ช่ญ˜ใซ
38:38
to initiate a change in the public perception.
541
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5090
ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅคง่ก†ใฎ่ช่ญ˜ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
38:43
To draw on this is when you use or refer to existing knowledge or sources.
542
2323090
8620
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ ๆ—ขๅญ˜ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑๆบใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใพใŸใฏๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
38:51
For example, the author drew on.
543
2331710
2520
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่‘—่€…ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
38:54
Previous studies to support the proposed hypothesis O if the author drew on the previous studies,
544
2334230
8920
ๆๆกˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸไปฎ่ชฌใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ…ˆ่กŒ็ ”็ฉถ O ่‘—่€…ใŒๅ…ˆ่กŒ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ๆด็”จใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
39:03
it means.
545
2343150
1030
ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:04
The author used the information in those previous studies or refer to the information in those
546
2344180
8419
่‘—่€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ…ˆ่กŒ็ ”็ฉถใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ€ ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ…ˆ่กŒ็ ”็ฉถใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
39:12
previous studies.
547
2352599
1181
ใ€‚
39:13
So.
548
2353780
1000
ใใ‚Œใงใ€‚
39:14
Simply use.
549
2354780
1000
ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
39:15
The information and notice here it's an irregular verb.
550
2355780
4950
ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใจๆณจๆ„็‚นใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
39:20
The author drew on.
551
2360730
1830
่‘—่€…ใฏๆใ็ถšใ‘ใŸใ€‚
39:22
That's the past simple.
552
2362560
2660
ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚
39:25
So the author draws on.
553
2365220
3070
ใใ“ใง่‘—่€…ใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆใใพใ™ใ€‚
39:28
That's the present simple.
554
2368290
1550
ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
39:29
The author drew on.
555
2369840
1560
่‘—่€…ใฏๆใ็ถšใ‘ใŸใ€‚
39:31
That's the past simple and the author.
556
2371400
3240
ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใ•ใจ่‘—่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
39:34
Has drawn on.
557
2374640
2780
ๆใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
39:37
That's the present perfect.
558
2377420
1870
ใใ‚ŒใŒ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
39:39
So draw, drew drawn.
559
2379290
2960
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆใ„ใฆใ€ๆใ„ใฆใ€‚
39:42
To flesh out this is to fully develop an idea, and you do that by providing more information,
560
2382250
8920
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ทไฝ“ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็™บๅฑ•ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€่ฉณ็ดฐใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅฎŸ็พใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
39:51
details or explanations.
561
2391170
2179
ใ€‚
39:53
For example, the next chapter of the thesis will flesh out the theoretical framework.
562
2393349
8131
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฎๆฌกใฎ็ซ ใงใฏ ็†่ซ–็š„ๆž ็ต„ใฟใ‚’ๅ…ทไฝ“ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
40:01
If I read this then I know.
563
2401480
2369
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚ใฐๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:03
Know that the next chapter will provide more information about the theoretical framework.
564
2403849
7411
ๆฌกใฎ็ซ ใงใฏใ€็†่ซ–็š„ๆž ็ต„ใฟใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
40:11
I'll know that right now I don't really know what the theoretical framework is, but that's
565
2411260
5940
็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใฏ ็†่ซ–็š„ๆž ็ต„ใฟใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
40:17
OK, because the next chapter will flesh it out.
566
2417200
3750
ๆฌกใฎ็ซ ใงๅ…ทไฝ“ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
40:20
In the next chapter I'll have a lot more information, Perhaps there'll be some examples, there'll
567
2420950
6510
ๆฌกใฎ็ซ ใงใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚„ใ€
40:27
be better descriptions.
568
2427460
2230
ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ฉๅˆ‡ใช่ชฌๆ˜ŽใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
40:29
So in the next chapter, all my questions about the theoretical framework framework will be
569
2429690
5640
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎ็ซ ใงใฏใ€็†่ซ–็š„ๆž ็ต„ใฟใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒ็ญ”ใˆ ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
40:35
answered, because the author is going to flesh it out to bear on this means to be relevant
570
2435330
7140
ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€่‘—่€…ใฏใ€
40:42
or applicable to a situation or an argument.
571
2442470
4050
็Šถๆณใ‚„่ญฐ่ซ–ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้ฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๆ‰‹ๆฎตใ‚’ๅ…ทไฝ“ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
40:46
For example, these findings bear on the ongoing debate on educational policies.
572
2446520
8270
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ชฟๆŸป็ตๆžœใฏใ€ ๆ•™่‚ฒๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใซๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
40:54
So if these findings bear on the ongoing debate, it means that the findings are relevant to
573
2454790
9610
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็™บ่ฆ‹ใŒ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใใฎ็™บ่ฆ‹ใŒ
41:04
the ongoing debate or that you can apply these findings to the ongoing debate.
574
2464400
7219
้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ็™บ่ฆ‹ใ‚’้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใซ้ฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
41:11
So basically, they're useful.
575
2471619
2281
ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
41:13
It's useful information to have to bear on.
576
2473900
4530
็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใจๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
41:18
This is also an irregular verb, so the base verb is bare.
577
2478430
6120
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ‚€ใๅ‡บใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
41:24
The past simple is bore, the findings bore on the ongoing debate, and the past participle
578
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใ€ใใฎ็ตๆžœใฏ ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใซ้€€ๅฑˆใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ
41:34
is born.
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็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
41:35
The findings have borne on the ongoing debate to back up.
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ใ“ใฎ่ชฟๆŸป็ตๆžœใฏใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใชใฃใŸ ใ€‚
41:42
This is when you provide evidence, support or validation for a claim or argument.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ไธปๅผตใ‚„ไธปๅผตใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่จผๆ‹ ใ€่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ€ๆคœ่จผใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
41:48
For example, the statistical data backs up the researcher's assertions about demographic
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็ตฑ่จˆใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟใฏ ไบบๅฃๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็ ”็ฉถ่€…ใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™
41:56
trends.
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ใ€‚
41:57
So here if.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ€‚
41:58
The data backs up the researcher's assertions.
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ใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟใฏ็ ”็ฉถ่€…ใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
42:03
It means the data supports what the researcher said or thought.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็ ”็ฉถ่€…ใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚„่€ƒใˆใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟใŒ่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
42:11
It supports it, and generally, if you're making a claim, it's always useful to have the data,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธ€่ˆฌใซใ€ไธปๅผตใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟใ€่จผๆ‹ ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™
42:19
the evidence, or the information to back that claim up to support that claim.
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ใ€‚
42:26
To build on this is when you develop or expand on existing theories, ideas or concepts.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ ๆ—ขๅญ˜ใฎ็†่ซ–ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’้–‹็™บใพใŸใฏๆ‹กๅผตใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
42:36
For example, the new theory builds on previous research in cognitive psychology.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใฏ่ช็Ÿฅๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆใฎไปฅๅ‰ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
42:44
So if this new theory builds on previous research, it means that the new theory expands this
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใŒไปฅๅ‰ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็†่ซ–ใŒใ“ใฎ
42:52
previous research so it provides more information, or perhaps new information, but on the same
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ไปฅๅ‰ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ๆ‹กๅผตใ—ใฆใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใจๅŒใ˜่ช็Ÿฅๅฟƒ็†ๅญฆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ€ ใพใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
43:00
topic as before, cognitive psychology.
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ใ€‚
43:04
To carry out this simply means to do or to complete.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
43:10
Something for example, the research team carried out a study involving 100 participants.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็ ”็ฉถใƒใƒผใƒ ใฏ 100ไบบใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ่€…ใ‚’ๅฏพ่ฑกใจใ—ใŸ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
43:19
This sounds more advanced than simply saying the research team completed a study.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ็ ”็ฉถใƒใƒผใƒ ใŒ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้ซ˜ๅบฆใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
43:25
They carried out a study.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ๅฎŸๆ–ฝใ—ใŸใ€‚
43:27
It means the same thing, but by saying carried out you sound more advanced to touch on.
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€ŒๅฎŸ่กŒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅ†…ๅฎนใซ่งฆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
43:34
This means to briefly mention a topic or an idea without going.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎๅ ดใซ่กŒใ‹ใšใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
43:42
Into the details.
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็ดฐ้ƒจใพใงใ€‚
43:44
For example, my presentation will touch on the key findings of our recent study.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใ€ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใฎ้‡่ฆใช็™บ่ฆ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
43:52
So you can expect that this presentation will briefly discuss the findings of the recent
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ็ ”็ฉถ็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆœŸๅพ…ใงใใพใ™
43:59
study, but it will not go.
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ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:01
Into the details, tails, so it won't flesh it out.
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็ดฐ้ƒจใพใงใ€ๅฐปๅฐพใพใงใ€่‚‰ไป˜ใ‘ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
44:07
It won't flesh out the recent findings.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎ่ชฟๆŸป็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅ…ทไฝ“ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:10
It will only touch on them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใฟ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
44:13
So it will mention them briefly, or it will mention what the finding is, but it won't
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ ็ตๆžœใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใพใ™ใŒ
44:18
explain how that finding was developed, or the implications of that finding, or what
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ใ€ใใฎ็ตๆžœใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้–‹็™บใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ€ ใใฎ็ตๆžœใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏ
44:24
they're going to do next because of that finding.
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ใใฎ็ตๆžœใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆฌกใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:28
It will only touch on it.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใฟ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
44:30
To dwell on this is to focus extensively on a specific topic or idea or aspect.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ“ใ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ๅด้ขใซๅบƒ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
44:40
For example, the author does not dwell on the importance of environmental regulation.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่‘—่€…ใฏ ็’ฐๅขƒ่ฆๅˆถใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใซใฏใ“ใ ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
44:48
So this means that the the author doesn't focus extensively on environmental regulation
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่‘—่€…ใŒ ็’ฐๅขƒ่ฆๅˆถ
44:56
or the importance of environmental regulation.
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ใ‚„็’ฐๅขƒ่ฆๅˆถใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใซๅบƒ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:59
So it's possible that the author touches on the importance of environmental regulation,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‘—่€…ใŒ ็’ฐๅขƒ่ฆๅˆถใฎ้‡่ฆๆ€งใซ่งฆใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€
45:06
mentions it briefly, but it's not something that is discussed in detail.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ่ฉณ็ดฐใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:12
Now you have 10 academic phrasal verbs that will help you sound very advanced, very fluent
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง 10 ๅ€‹ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
45:19
when you're communicating in an academic environment or a business environment or even in an everyday
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ๅญฆ่ก“็’ฐๅขƒ ใ‚„ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น็’ฐๅขƒใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏๆ—ฅๅธธใฎ
45:26
social environment.
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็คพไบค็’ฐๅขƒใงใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ๅบฆใงๆตๆšขใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:28
So how about we quiz you to see how well you know these phrasal?
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
45:33
Verbs here are the questions.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
45:36
Hit, pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the
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ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
45:44
answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
45:46
So how did you do with that quiz?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
45:49
Well, let's find out.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ชฟในใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
45:50
Here are the answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
45:52
Hit pause, compare your answers to mine, and when you're ready, hit play.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใจ็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
46:01
So how did you do on that quiz?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
46:03
Make sure you share your score in the comments and leave an example sentence with your favorite
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€ ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
46:10
phrasal.
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ใ€‚
46:14
This article is on a completely different topic,
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ใ“ใฎ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹
46:23
so you're going to learn completely different vocabulary, see different grammatical structures,
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€
46:29
and you'll also keep improving your pronunciation as well.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ‚‚ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
46:33
So let's read the article together.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
46:36
1st I'll read the headline Fred the pig caught after mischief rampage.
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1็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใงๆšดใ‚Œใพใ‚ใฃใฆๆ•ใพใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ™ ใ€‚
46:42
So in this picture it looks like this is Fred the pig and he was caught after mischief rampage.
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ใ“ใฎๅ†™็œŸใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใงใ€ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใงๆšดใ‚ŒใŸๅพŒใซๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
46:52
First I want you to notice my pronunciation here.
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ใพใšใ“ใ“ใง็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ ใ€‚
46:55
Mischief.
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ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใ€‚
46:56
Jeff Jeff Mischief.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใƒปใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใƒปใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใ€‚
46:59
So here you don't hear this E sound because we do have a word that you may be familiar
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ“ใฎ E ใฎ้Ÿณใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใƒใƒผใƒ•ใ€ใƒใƒผใƒ•ใจใ„ใ† ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
47:05
were with which is chief, chief.
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ใ€‚
47:09
Same spelling at this end, but this here is a long E sound EFF chief.
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ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้•ทใ„ E ้Ÿณใฎ EFF ใƒใƒผใƒ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
47:17
But here you don't hear that long E and it's just like if you were saying if mischief,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ้•ทใ„Eใฏ่žใ“ใˆใšใ€ ใพใ‚‹ใงใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใชใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™
47:24
mischief.
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ใ€‚
47:26
So notice that pronunciation.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
47:28
And what exactly is mischief?
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ใใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใจใฏไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
47:30
Mischief essentially means bad behavior.
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ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใจใฏๆœฌๆฅใ€ๆ‚ชใ„่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:34
Bad behavior.
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่‰ฏใใชใ„่กŒ็‚บใ€‚ ใ†ใกใฏ
47:36
We use this a lot with children.
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ๅญไพ›ใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚ˆใๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
47:38
Of course, the children got into mischief while I was working.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
47:45
Now let's talk about rampage.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆšด่ตฐใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
47:48
Rampage.
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ๆšดใ‚Œๅ›žใ‚‹ใ€‚
47:49
What is this?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
47:51
This is OK.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง็ตๆง‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
47:54
This is when you go through an area.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
47:58
And you do that making a lot of noise and causing damage.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ€ๅคงใใช้จ’้ŸณใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใ€ ๆๅฎณใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
48:04
So this pig went through an area, and as he was going around, he was either making noise
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฑšใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ๅœฐๅŸŸใ‚’้€šใ‚ŠๆŠœใ‘ใ€ ๆญฉใๅ›žใ‚ŠใชใŒใ‚‰้จ’้Ÿณใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใŸใ‚Š
48:12
or causing damage or doing both of those at the same time.
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ใ€ๆๅฎณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
48:18
That would describe a rampage, A mischief rampage.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงๆšดใ‚Œใ€ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ๅคงๆšดใ‚Œใ‚’่กจใ™ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
48:23
Now notice the sentence structure.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
48:25
Fred the pig caught.
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่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๆ•ใพใˆใŸใ€‚
48:27
After mischief rampage, Now what do you notice about this part of the sentence?
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ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใŒๅคงๆšดใ‚Œใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ‹?
48:35
Is this an active sentence or a passive sentence?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ‹?
48:40
It might be difficult for you to identify this because in headlines of newspaper articles
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ๆ–ฐ่ž่จ˜ไบ‹
48:48
or short stories, they often omit certain words that are only there grammatically.
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ใ‚„็Ÿญ็ทจๅฐ่ชฌใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใใ“ใซใ—ใ‹ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ็œ็•ฅใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
48:54
So in this case, to identify the passive, you would normally see the verb to be, because
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€be ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
49:00
that's the correct grammatical structure.
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ใ€‚
49:03
Now correct grammar would be Fred the pig was caught after mischief rampage.
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฏใ€ใ€Œ่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ ๆšด่กŒใฎๅพŒใซๆ•ใพใฃใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
49:09
But native speakers understand the sentence structure without the auxiliary verb, and
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใชใ—ใงๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
49:15
headlines and short story titles always try to be as short as possible, and they do that
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่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚„็Ÿญ็ทจๅฐ่ชฌใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใฏๅธธใซ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘็Ÿญใใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ไธŠใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็œ็•ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
49:21
by omitting these words that are there for grammar.
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ใ€‚
49:24
But not essential to understand the meaning but the sentence structure.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
49:29
If you were writing this in any other context, you in need was caught the past simple of
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ไป–ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€be ๅ‹•่ฉž ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใŒๅฟ…่ฆใจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
49:35
the verb to be.
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ใ€‚
49:37
Now that's our passive sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
49:39
If you wanted to turn this into an active sentence, what could you say?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„ใชๆ–‡ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
49:45
Think about that.
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
49:46
Fred the pig was caught.
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่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๆ•ใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
49:48
Well, we don't know who caught Fred the pig, but we could just say people, because I don't
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€่ชฐใŒ่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใŸใฎใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไธป่ชžใŒ่ชฐใชใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€Œไบบใ€…ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
49:58
know who the subject is, people.
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ใ€‚
50:00
Or maybe officials caught Fred the pig.
681
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๅฝ“ๅฑ€ใŒ่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
50:06
Now this.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€‚
50:07
Is our active sentence because the subject is doing the action where in this case Fred
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ไธปไฝ“ใŒ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ
50:13
the pig is receiving the action.
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่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
50:17
So this is our active sentence and this is our passive sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
50:24
I wrote that there for you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
50:26
And don't worry about writing all these notes down because I summarize everything in a free
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็„กๆ–™ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ PDF ใซใ™ในใฆใŒใพใจใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ
50:30
lesson PDF so you can look in the description for the link.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
50:35
Now let's continue and learn about Fred's mischief rampage After numerous complaints.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ ๅคšๆ•ฐใฎ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใฎๅพŒใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใฎๅคงๆšดใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
50:45
Numerous is another way of saying, many after numerous complaints, after many complaints.
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ใ€Œๅคšๆ•ฐใ€ใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ€ ๅคšๆ•ฐใฎ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใฎๅพŒใ€ๅคšๆ•ฐใฎ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใฎๅพŒใซใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
50:53
And a complaint is when you see something negative.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไธๆบ€ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใงใ™ ใ€‚
50:57
So if you went to a restaurant and you didn't like the food and then you told.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎ ๆ–™็†ใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
51:05
The the server?
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ใ‚ตใƒผใƒใƒผใฏ๏ผŸ
51:06
The waiter.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚
51:07
This isn't very good.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
51:09
You are making a complaint, making a complaint.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’็”ณใ—็ซ‹ใฆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’็”ณใ—็ซ‹ใฆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
51:14
So that's the verb that goes with the noun complaint.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใฎ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใซไผดใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚
51:17
I made a complaint about the food.
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
51:24
Now complain is the verb form, and this I'll complaint.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฏ ๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
51:31
That's a noun.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
51:32
As a noun.
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ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆ
51:33
Notice it has an article in our sentence here, after numerous complaints.
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใซ่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
51:37
There's no article because you don't use an article when it's a plural noun.
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ๅ† ่ฉžใŒ็„กใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅ่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ† ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
51:41
But if you were to use the verb form, I complained about the food.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
51:51
So when you dislike something or you have a negative experience and you make that known
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’
51:56
to someone, you are making a complaint.
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่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:00
Or you are.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
52:02
Complaining the noun form or the verb form.
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ๅ่ฉžๅฝขใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขใงไธๅนณใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
52:06
After numerous complaints of mischief, we know what this means and the pronunciation.
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ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใฎ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใŒๆ•ฐๅคšใๅฏ„ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅพŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
52:11
Remember, mischief is simply bad behavior.
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ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜ใซๆ‚ชใ„่กŒ็‚บใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
52:14
Mischief Jeff Mischief in the city of Aurora, a ยฃ400 LB.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒญใƒฉๅธ‚ใฎMischief Jeff Mischiefใ€ 400ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฎLBใ€‚
52:22
This is the short form to identify pound a ยฃ400 culprit.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ 1 ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ็Šฏไบบใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ ใ€‚
52:29
Culprit.
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็Šฏไบบใ€‚
52:30
Well, what or who is a culprit?
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ใ•ใฆใ€็Šฏไบบใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
52:34
Well, Fred the Pig is the culprit.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ถใƒปใƒ–ใ‚ฟใŒ็Šฏไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
52:39
And a culprit is someone, or in this case, something a pig who has done something wrong.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็Šฏไบบใจใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใŸ่ชฐใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ่ฑšใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
52:47
A ยฃ400 culprit, Fred the Pig has finally been caught loitering outside a shopping center.
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400ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ็Šฏไบบใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ถใƒปใƒ–ใ‚ฟใŒใคใ„ใซ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๅค–ใ‚’ๅพ˜ๅพŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
52:58
Now in this case it is still the passive voice because the culprit who is Fred the pig is
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹็ŠฏไบบใŒ
53:05
receiving the action.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใพใ ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:09
And they're not.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:10
The story isn't focusing on who caught Fred the Pig, which is why we don't even know who
721
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็‰ฉ่ชžใฏ่ชฐใŒ่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใŸใ‹ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใชใ„ ใŸใ‚ใ€่ชฐใŒ
53:16
caught Fred the Pig.
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่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใŸใฎใ‹ใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:18
And that's why I had to just write people or officials, because that's not the purpose
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ไบบ็‰ฉ ใ‚„ๅฝนไบบใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
53:23
of the story.
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ใ€‚
53:24
The purpose of the story is learning about how Fred the pig was caught.
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็‰ฉ่ชžใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏใ€ ่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๅค–ใ‚’
53:30
A ยฃ400 culprit has finally been caught loitering outside a shopping center.
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ๅพ˜ๅพŠใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ400ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ็ŠฏไบบใŒใคใ„ใซๆ•ใพใฃใŸ ใ€‚
53:38
Let's talk about this verb to loiter.
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ใ“ใฎๅพ˜ๅพŠใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
53:42
Loiter is the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅพ˜ๅพŠ่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:44
Notice that pronunciation Oy oy, loy, loiter, loiter, loiter.
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Oy oyใ€loyใ€loiterใ€loiterใ€loiter ใจ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
53:51
Now, when you loiter, you stay in a public place.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅพ˜ๅพŠใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๅ…ฌๅ…ฑใฎ ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
53:55
This could be a mall, a restaurant.
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ใ“ใ“ใฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใ‚„ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
53:59
A school without an obvious reason to be there.
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ใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ๆ˜Ž็ขบใช็†็”ฑใฎใชใ„ๅญฆๆ กใ€‚
54:04
Well, what's the obvious?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใชใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
54:06
Reason to be at a mall to purchase something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใ็†็”ฑใ€‚
54:10
But oftentimes younger people, and maybe older people as well, will go to the mall as a form
735
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่‹ฅใ„ไบบใŸใกใ€ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใๅนด้…ใฎ ไบบใŸใกใ‚‚ใ€ๆดปๅ‹•ใฎไธ€็’ฐใจใ—ใฆใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใใพใ™
54:18
of an activity, but they have no intention of buying something.
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ใŒใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
54:23
They don't even have any money, but they're in the mall and they're just staying there.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ•ใˆๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใซใ€ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใซใ„ใฆใ€ใŸใ ใใ“ใซๆปžๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
54:29
So they're taking up space.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๅ ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
54:31
Maybe they're making noise, disturbing people and they're not actually customers because
739
3271440
5520
ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้จ’ใ„ใงไบบใ€…ใซ่ฟทๆƒ‘ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚่ฒทใ‚ใชใ„ใฎใง ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้กงๅฎขใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
54:36
they are not buying anything.
740
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ใ€‚
54:39
So in that case, those people are loitering.
741
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎไบบใŸใกใฏๅพ˜ๅพŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
54:42
And a lot of public places like malls, schools will have a sign that says no loitering, which
742
3282930
7830
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใ‚„ๅญฆๆ กใชใฉใฎๅคšใใฎๅ…ฌๅ…ฑใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใซๆฅใชใ„้™ใ‚Š ๅพ˜ๅพŠ็ฆๆญขใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸ็œ‹ๆฟใŒ่จญ็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
54:50
is telling you unless you're here to buy something.
743
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ใ€‚
54:55
I don't want you here and you shouldn't be here, which makes sense because you shouldn't
744
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆใปใ—ใใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
55:04
go to a location unless you plan to buy something, right?
745
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5521
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ไบˆๅฎšใŒใชใ„้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใในใใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝ“็„ถใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
55:09
From the mall's perspective.
746
3309880
1760
ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
55:11
Personally, I also go to the mall sometimes with friends without the intent of buying
747
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7449
็ง่‡ช่บซใ‚‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ ่ฒทใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ŠใŒใชใใฆใ‚‚ๅ‹้”ใจใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง
55:19
something, so in that case I am loitering.
748
3319089
4141
ใ€ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใถใ‚‰ใถใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
55:23
But this pig, Fred the Pig, has finally been caught loitering outside a shopping center.
749
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5369
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ–ใ‚ฟใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ถใƒปใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฐใฏใคใ„ใซ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๅค–ใ‚’ๅพ˜ๅพŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
55:28
So this looks like, perhaps it's the shopping center.
750
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ ใ€‚
55:32
And obviously he has no reason to be there, so he's loitering.
751
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5831
ใใ—ใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซๅฝผใซใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใŒใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€ใถใ‚‰ใถใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
55:37
Fred the Pig was loitering.
752
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่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒใ†ใ‚ใ†ใ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
55:41
All right, let's continue.
753
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ใพใ—ใŸใ€็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
55:44
Officials say Fred, who dodged them for several days.
754
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5270
ๅฝ“ๅฑ€่€…ใ‚‰ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ้–“ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ† ใ€‚
55:49
Let's talk about the verb dodge.
755
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ›ž้ฟใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
55:51
This is a great verb to have in your vocabulary.
756
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ชžๅฝ™ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใฆใŠใใจ่‰ฏใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
55:55
When you dodge, dodge, odge.
757
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้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€้ฟใ‘ใฆใ€้ฟใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
55:59
When you dodge something or someone you avoid, you avoid that something.
758
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6500
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ€้ฟใ‘ใŸไบบใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
56:06
I'll add or someone, because it's very common to dodge someone.
759
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:11
And why do you avoid that?
760
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใชใœใใ‚Œใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
56:13
Something or someone, usually because.
761
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้€šๅธธใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅŽŸๅ› ใงใ™ใ€‚
56:16
If you get.
762
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1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
56:17
That something or that someone, it will be unpleasant in some way.
763
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ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใฎไบบใ‚‚ใ€ ใฉใ“ใ‹ไธๆ„‰ๅฟซใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
56:24
So Fred the pig dodged them.
764
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ใใ“ใง่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
56:29
So in this case, it's officials.
765
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1960
ใคใพใ‚Šใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฝนไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
56:31
The officials who were trying to catch him.
766
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4000
ๅฝผใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸๅฝนไบบใŸใกใ€‚
56:35
Fred the pig dodged.
767
3395170
1970
่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏ้ฟใ‘ใŸใ€‚
56:37
Officials avoided officials.
768
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2060
ๅฝนไบบใฏๅฝนไบบใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใŸใ€‚
56:39
Why?
769
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1129
ใชใœ๏ผŸ
56:40
Because if the officials caught him, he would be in danger.
770
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6030
ๅฝนไบบใซๆ•ใพใฃใŸใ‚‰ ๅฑ้™บใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใ€‚
56:46
Potentially.
771
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1000
ๆฝœๅœจ็š„ใซใ€‚
56:47
Of course, that's what the pig would think.
772
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2740
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“่ฑšใ‚‚ใใ†ๆ€ใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
56:50
Now, this is a very common word that you can use in your speech.
773
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6341
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ ใ€‚
56:56
For example, I've been dodging my boss's phone calls.
774
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4450
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏไธŠๅธใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
57:00
So this is the exact same thing as saying I've been avoiding avoiding my boss's phone
775
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็งใŒไธŠๅธใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™
57:08
calls.
776
3428810
1000
ใ€‚
57:09
So my phone rings.
777
3429810
1000
ใใ‚Œใง็งใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
57:10
I look at it, it's my boss, and I press silence or decline.
778
3430810
7530
็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎไธŠๅธใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฒˆ้ป™ ใพใŸใฏๆ‹’ๅฆใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:18
Or I just let it ring.
779
3438340
2080
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใŸใ ้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
57:20
That's how I dodge my bosses phone calls.
780
3440420
3070
ใใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆไธŠๅธใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:23
Why would I do that?
781
3443490
1329
ใชใœใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
57:24
Because if I talk to my boss something unpleasant is going to happen.
782
3444819
4811
ไธŠๅธใซ่ฉฑใ™ใจไฝ•ใ‹ๅซŒใชใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใใ†ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
57:29
Maybe I did a bad job with the report and I know my boss is mad about the report, so
783
3449630
7060
ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰็งใฎๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใฎไป•ๆ–นใŒๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ไธŠๅธใŒใใฎๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใซๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
57:36
if I pick up that call he's just going to say Jennifer, why did you do that report like
784
3456690
4830
ๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้›ป่ฉฑใซๅ‡บใŸใ‚‰ใ€Œ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€ใชใœใ‚ใ‚“ใชๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎ
57:41
that?
785
3461520
1000
๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
57:42
And is going to be unpleasant for me, so obviously I want to avoid.
786
3462520
4779
ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใจใฃใฆไธๅฟซใชใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ ้ฟใ‘ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:47
That I want to dodge that.
787
3467299
4701
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ž้ฟใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
57:52
Officials say Fred, who dodged them for several days, is always hungry and loves his belly
788
3472000
7150
ๅฝ“ๅฑ€ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ้–“ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใใŸใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ๅ›ใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใŠ่…นใ‚’
57:59
scratches.
789
3479150
1340
ๅผ•ใฃๆŽปใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ€‚
58:00
So this is scratch and then his belly.
790
3480490
3799
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅผ•ใฃๆŽปใๅ‚ทใ€ใใ—ใฆ่…น้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
58:04
I don't know if you have any pets.
791
3484289
2131
ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
58:06
Do you have any pets?
792
3486420
1480
ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
58:07
So notice that's how you would ask that.
793
3487900
2580
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
58:10
Do you have any pets?
794
3490480
1470
ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
58:11
I'll write this for you.
795
3491950
2960
็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
58:14
Do you have any pets?
796
3494910
1340
ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
58:16
A very common question to ask and to answer.
797
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ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚Š็ญ”ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:20
You can say I have and then whatever your pets are, I have two cats, a dog, a bird and
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ ็Œซใ‚’ 2 ๅŒนใ€็Šฌใ‚’ 1 ๅŒนใ€้ณฅใ‚’ 1 ๅŒนใ€ใใ—ใฆ
58:27
a ยฃ400 pig for example.
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400 ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ่ฑšใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:30
Or you can simply say no I don't.
800
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใซใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
58:32
Or you might talk about a pet you had in the past.
801
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
58:36
I had a dog.
802
3516109
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็งใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
58:38
But now I don't have any pets.
803
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ใงใ‚‚ไปŠใฏใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
58:40
Technically, you don't even need to say this because if you said I had a dog because this
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ๅŽณๅฏ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใชใฎใงใ€็งใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใ•ใˆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
58:46
verb is in the past.
805
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ใ€‚
58:48
I know now you don't, but I'm just showing you if you wanted to expand on your answer.
806
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
58:56
So share your answer to this question in the comments below.
807
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ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
59:00
Do you have any pets?
808
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ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
59:03
And this is true for me.
809
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
59:04
I have two cats.
810
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1790
็Œซใ‚’ไบŒๅŒน้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:06
I have two cats.
811
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็Œซใ‚’ไบŒๅŒน้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:08
What about you?
812
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
59:09
What about you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
59:10
Share that in the comments below.
814
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
59:13
It took about 8 people and five hours to capture him.
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ๆ•็ฒใซใฏ8ไบบใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใง็ด„5ๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸ ใ€‚
59:19
Capture is another way of saying catch, capture, catch.
816
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ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใƒใƒฃใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใ€ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใƒใƒฃใ€ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒใงใ™ใ€‚
59:24
And you can use capture specifically with animals.
817
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ใพใŸใ€็‰นใซๅ‹•็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ญใƒฃใƒ—ใƒใƒฃใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
59:29
They now hope to find his forever home, his forever home.
818
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠใ€ๅฝผใฎๆฐธ้ ใฎๅฎถใ€ๆฐธ้ ใฎๅฎถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
59:34
So in this case, forever is being used as an adjective to describe the type of home.
819
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆฐธ้ ใฏ ๅฎถใฎ็จฎ้กžใ‚’่กจใ™ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:40
And you see this a lot now when animal shelters are trying to to find homes for their animals.
820
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉไฟ่ญทๆ–ฝ่จญใŒๅ‹•็‰ฉใŸใกใฎๅฎถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ็›ฎใซใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
59:50
They might have these really adorable pictures of a cat or a puppy or a pig apparently, and
821
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰็Œซใ‚„ๅญ็Šฌใ‚„่ฑšใฎใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ„›ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€
59:56
say.
822
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ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
59:58
Fred is looking for his forever home, which means that they want someone to adopt Fred
823
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏๆฐธ้ ใฎๅฎถใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆฐธไน…ใซ้คŠๅญใซใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
60:08
permanently.
824
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ใ€‚
60:10
Notice how adopt is used with animals.
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Adopt ใŒๅ‹•็‰ฉใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
60:14
You're probably familiar with the verb adopt for children.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅญไพ›ใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œadoptใ€ใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅญไพ›ใŒ
60:18
You can adopt A child if you're unable to have children of your own or simply because
827
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ใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๆŒใกใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€A ใฎๅญไพ›ใ‚’้คŠๅญใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
60:24
you want to.
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ใ€‚
60:25
You can adopt A child, but you can also adopt A pet.
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A ใฎๅญไพ›ใ‚’้คŠๅญใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€A ใฎใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้คŠๅญใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
60:30
And obviously when you adopt A child is a permanent situation.
830
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ใใ—ใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€้คŠๅญ็ธ็ต„ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅญไพ›ใฏ ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช็Šถๆณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
60:34
So that's why they're using this verb as well, 'cause they want you to know that when you
831
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
60:39
take this dog home with you, that's a permanent situation.
832
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ใ“ใฎ็Šฌใ‚’ๅฎถใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆๅธฐใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช ็Šถๆณใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
60:44
That dog now has his forever home.
833
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ใใฎ็ŠฌใฏไปŠใ€ๆฐธ้ ใฎๅฎถใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
60:48
Let's continue.
834
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
60:50
City officials first became aware of Fred on September 24th when they received a call
835
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ๅธ‚ๅฝ“ๅฑ€ใŒใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅญ˜ๅœจใซๅˆใ‚ใฆๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใฎใฏใ€ 9ๆœˆ24ๆ—ฅใซ่ฑšใŒไบบใฎๅฎถใฎๅบญใ‚’่’ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†้€šๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใจใใ ใฃใŸ
60:57
about a pig that was tearing up a person's yard.
836
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ใ€‚
61:01
All right, let's talk about the phrasal verb to tear.
837
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
61:05
Up In this context, tear up means cause damage to because they're talking about a person's
838
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ไบบใฎๅบญใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆๅฎณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
61:14
yard.
839
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ใ€‚
61:15
A yard is the area in front of one's house or behind one's house where there's grass,
840
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ๅบญใจใฏใ€ๅฎถใฎๅ‰ ใพใŸใฏๅฎถใฎ่ฃใซใ‚ใ‚‹่‰ใ€
61:26
trees, flowers.
841
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ๆœจใ€่Šฑใฎใ‚ใ‚‹้ ˜ๅŸŸใงใ™ใ€‚
61:29
That's your yard.
842
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1061
ใใ“ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅบญใงใ™ใ€‚
61:30
You can have your front yard or your backyard, or you can simply say yard.
843
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6189
ๅ‰ๅบญใ‚„่ฃๅบญใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ—ใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€Œๅบญใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
61:36
So yard, grass, flowers, trees, bushes and then if he was tearing it up maybe he was
844
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ๅบญใ€่‰ใ€่Šฑใ€ๆœจใ€่Œ‚ใฟใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็ฉดใ‚’ๆŽ˜ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
61:44
digging a hole.
845
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ใ€‚ ใใฎ
61:46
He was eating the flower so he was causing damage to that person's yard.
846
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่Šฑใ‚’้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ ใใฎไบบใฎๅบญใซ่ขซๅฎณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
61:51
Now a tear up can also be used with a piece of paper.
847
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ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚Šใฏ็ด™ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
61:55
Right now I'm tearing up this piece of paper.
848
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ไปŠใ€ใ“ใฎ็ด™ใ‚’็ ดใ„ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
61:59
I'm taking a whole piece of paper and it's going into smaller pieces, so that's to tear
849
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5760
ไธ€ๆžšใฎ็ด™ใ‚’ ๅฐใ•ใใ—ใฆใ€
62:04
up in the sense of a piece of paper.
850
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็ด™ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
62:08
Now look at this sentence and notice my pronunciation.
851
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
62:13
First notice is the exact same spelling as we just saw here for tear up a person's yard
852
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆณจๆ„็‚นใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใ€Œไบบใฎๅบญใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ€
62:19
or tear up a piece of paper.
853
3739670
3080
ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็ด™ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใใ€ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:22
But listen to the pronunciation, I teared.
854
3742750
4039
ใงใ‚‚็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’่žใ„ใฆๆถ™ใŒๅ‡บใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
62:26
Up ear.
855
3746789
1260
ไธŠ่€ณใ€‚
62:28
So I wrote it out phonetically for you ear.
856
3748049
3101
ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ณใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณ็š„ใซๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
62:31
So that long E sound I teared up when I watched the sad movie, I teared up.
857
3751150
7490
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆณใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใฎ้•ทใ„Eใฎ้Ÿณใง ๆถ™ใŒๅ‡บใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
62:38
Oh so when you tear up you get tears in your eyes.
858
3758640
6020
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆถ™ใ‚’ๆตใ™ใจ็›ฎใซๆถ™ใŒๆบขใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
62:44
I tear it up when I watched the sad movie.
859
3764660
3050
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆๆถ™ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
62:47
I always tear up when I watch sad movies.
860
3767710
3200
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆถ™ใŒๅ‡บใพใ™ใ€‚
62:50
You don't want to watch a sad movie with me because I.
861
3770910
2540
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ็งใŒ
62:53
Always tear up.
862
3773450
1879
ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆถ™ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
62:55
OK, so notice that same exact same phrasal verb, but different pronunciation and different
863
3775329
7261
OKใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๅฅ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€็™บ้Ÿณใจ
63:02
meanings.
864
3782590
1000
ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
63:03
But the context will make it obvious.
865
3783590
2739
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
63:06
It's not possible that tears were produced in this person's yard, so it doesn't make
866
3786329
6921
ใ“ใฎไบบใฎๅบญใงๆถ™ใŒๅ‡บใ‚‹ใฏใšใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€
63:13
sense that this would be tear up.
867
3793250
2640
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆถ™ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚็„ก็†ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
63:15
So it's always the context that will make it obvious.
868
3795890
3699
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅธธใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ ใ€‚
63:19
So a pig that was tearing up, causing damage to a person's yard, the area in front of their
869
3799589
6181
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅผ•ใ่ฃ‚ใ„ใฆ ไบบใฎๅบญใ€
63:25
house or behind their house with grass, trees, flowers, bushes, shrubs, a fence.
870
3805770
6789
ๅฎถใฎๅ‰ใพใŸใฏๅฎถใฎๅพŒใ‚ใฎ่‰ใ€ๆœจใ€ ่Šฑใ€่Œ‚ใฟใ€ไฝŽๆœจใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใƒณใ‚นใชใฉใฎใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใซๆๅฎณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸ่ฑšใงใ™ใ€‚
63:32
But when animal officers arrived on the scene, they were not able to find him.
871
3812559
7760
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉ็ฎก็†ๅฎ˜ใŒ็พๅ ดใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
63:40
More calls came in the next day.
872
3820319
3520
็ฟŒๆ—ฅใซใฏใ•โ€‹โ€‹ใ‚‰ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
63:43
Notice you need the for next day, the next day.
873
3823839
5041
ๆฌกใฎๆ—ฅใ€ใใฎๆฌกใฎๆ—ฅใซใฏ ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
63:48
Sometimes I see students forget the and they just say next day more calls came in the next
874
3828880
5550
ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ๆฌกใฎๆ—ฅใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ๆ™‚ใ€…่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใŒ
63:54
day, this time about a pig in.
875
3834430
8169
ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏ่ฑšใŒๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใŸใจใ„ใ†้€ฃ็ตกใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
64:02
Then another call about a pig that was ruining someone's landscaping.
876
3842599
6341
ใใ—ใฆใพใŸใ€่ฑšใŒ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆ™ฏ่ฆณใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
64:08
Landscaping is what you do to a yard to make it beautiful.
877
3848940
7390
้€ ๅœ’ใจใฏใ€ๅบญใ‚’็พŽใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
64:16
So landscaping is when you add flowers, a garden, trees in specific areas, some decorative
878
3856330
9029
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้€ ๅœ’ใจใฏใ€ๅบญใ‚’็พŽใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่Šฑใ€ๅบญใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๆœจใ€่ฃ…้ฃพ็š„ใช
64:25
rocks and other decor to make your yard beautiful.
879
3865359
6101
็Ÿณใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎ่ฃ…้ฃพใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
64:31
That is called landscaping.
880
3871460
2490
ใใ‚Œใ‚’้€ ๅœ’ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
64:33
Now, this pig, Fred the pig.
881
3873950
3960
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฑšใ€่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
64:37
Oh, that Fred the pig.
882
3877910
1800
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใฎ่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ ใ€‚
64:39
He was ruining to ruin.
883
3879710
2629
ๅฝผใฏ็ ดๆป…ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใซ็ ดๆป…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
64:42
Ruin is also when you cause damage too.
884
3882339
5051
็ ดๆป…ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆๅฎณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
64:47
But if you describe something as ruined, it means that the damage was permanent and you
885
3887390
7899
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅปƒๅขŸใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใŒๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
64:55
can't save it, so it's no longer useful.
886
3895289
6121
ไฟๅญ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:01
So permanent damage to something so tear up to me sounds less severe.
887
3901410
7409
ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆฐธไน…็š„ใชใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ ็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๆทฑๅˆปใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
65:08
The amount of damage is about here, but ruin the amount of damage is here.
888
3908819
8220
ใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธ้‡ใฏใ“ใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€็ ดๆป… ใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธ้‡ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
65:17
So to cause permanent damage to something, I'll write that for you.
889
3917039
6471
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆฐธไน…็š„ใชใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
65:23
Let's continue.
890
3923510
1380
็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
65:24
He was then spotted again.
891
3924890
3330
ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅฝผใฏๅ†ใณ็™บ่ฆ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
65:28
When you spot something or someone, it means you identify them.
892
3928220
7950
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚„่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:36
You identify them by seeing that person or that something visibly.
893
3936170
7800
ใใฎไบบใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็›ฎใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
65:43
So let's say you're at a conference and there are many, many people, but then all of a sudden
894
3943970
5619
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎไบบใŒ้›†ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€็ช็„ถ
65:49
you spot your colleague.
895
3949589
3171
ๅŒๅƒšใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:52
Oh, I spotted Joan.
896
3952760
3380
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ขใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ€‚
65:56
My colleague Joan.
897
3956140
1000
็งใฎๅŒๅƒšใฎใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ขใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
65:57
I spotted Joan.
898
3957140
1760
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ขใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
65:58
So you were able to identify Joan in this large area of many other people.
899
3958900
12810
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎๅบƒใ„ใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใงใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ขใƒณใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใงใใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚
66:11
Here's another example with SPOT.
900
3971710
2760
SPOT ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:14
Can you spot the mistake in this report?
901
3974470
4280
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
66:18
So again, can you identify the mistake?
902
3978750
2460
ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
66:21
Can you see it?
903
3981210
1099
่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
66:22
Can you notice it?
904
3982309
1161
ๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
66:23
But the important part is, and I wrote it here for it for you, it's because you're trying
905
3983470
5220
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้‡่ฆใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€็งใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
66:28
to.
906
3988690
1000
ใ€‚
66:29
So I was trying to identify Joan in the crowd.
907
3989690
4540
ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏ็พค่ก†ใฎไธญใงใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใƒณใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
66:34
I was trying to spot Joan.
908
3994230
2200
็งใฏใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ขใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
66:36
And you're reading a report carefully because you're trying to identify to spot the mistake.
909
3996430
8130
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็‰นๅฎšใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
66:44
So you're trying to do this.
910
4004560
1989
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
66:46
It's not just things you see because they're around you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ Spot ใ‚’
66:51
You have to be trying to identify it to use Spot.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
66:56
He was then spotted again three days later on September 27th.
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ใใ—ใฆ3ๆ—ฅๅพŒใฎ 9ๆœˆ27ๆ—ฅใซๅ†ใณ็™บ่ฆ‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
67:01
So this makes sense because they're trying to see Notice identify Fred the Pig in the
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ—ฉๆœใซใƒŽใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚นใŒใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ถใƒปใƒ–ใ‚ฟใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
67:08
early morning hours.
915
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ใ€‚
67:10
This time Fred was in a position where he could be captured, captured again.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏใ€ ใพใŸๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ไฝ็ฝฎใซใ„ใŸใ€‚
67:16
Remember, we can use caught, which this article has used quite a lot as well, where he could
917
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใง ใ‚‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œcatchedใ€ใ‚’ใ€ๅฝผใŒ
67:23
be captured, caught, Miss Allen said.
918
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ๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใƒŸใ‚นใƒปใ‚ขใƒฌใƒณใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
67:27
Still, it was no easy task.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
67:32
Notice the sentence structure here, because to make this negative, generally we don't
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
67:36
just add no before something in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅ‰ใซ no ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
67:41
Generally you need an auxiliary verb.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
67:43
Still, it's wasn't an easy task.
923
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
67:50
This is the standard way to make something negative.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚
67:56
Was not was not an easy task.
925
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชไฝœๆฅญใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
68:01
And then the contraction of was not which native speakers very commonly used.
926
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฏใ€ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
68:06
Is wasn't.
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ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
68:07
It wasn't an easy task.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
68:10
This to say, it was no easy task.
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ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
68:14
This is an alternative structure that we use mainly to emphasize the negative, so I wanna
930
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8700
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไธปใซใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ชใƒซใ‚ฟใƒŠใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆง‹้€ ใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅผทใ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
68:23
make it sound stronger.
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ใ€‚
68:25
If I just say, oh, it wasn't an easy task.
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็งใŒใŸใ ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใฐใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
68:28
It was no easy task.
933
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ
68:31
It's more forceful to emphasize that no, it wasn't an easy task.
934
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใจๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
68:37
It was no easy task.
935
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
68:41
So you could say maybe learning English was no easy task until I found Jennifer's videos.
936
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15690
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใพใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹
68:56
Learning English was no easy task until I found Jennifer's videos.
937
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ใพใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
69:02
And now hopefully it is an easy task.
938
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไฝœๆฅญใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
69:06
Was no easy task, was not an easy thing to do.
939
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ—ใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใ€‚ ็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใงใ€ไปŠใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹
69:10
So feel free to put this in the comments if you agree that now it's easier because you
940
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใŠๆฐ—่ปฝใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
69:16
have my lessons to help you.
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ใ€‚
69:18
And by putting this in the comments, you're practicing this alternative sentence structure,
942
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ใ“ใฎไปฃๆ›ฟๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹
69:23
so put that in the comments.
943
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ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใซๅ‡บไผšใ†
69:25
Learning English was no easy task until I found Jennifer.
944
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5000
ใพใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
69:30
'S videos, all right.
945
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ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
69:33
Let's continue.
946
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3239
็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
69:36
He was, he just wasn't ready to give up his holiday of running around the city and eating
947
4176359
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ๅฝผใฏใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ€ ่ก—ใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šๅ›žใฃใฆ
69:44
what he wanted to eat, she said.
948
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้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไผ‘ๆ—ฅใ‚’่ซฆใ‚ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
69:47
So of course the he is Fred the Pig and this is talking about the fact how he didn't want
949
4187100
6790
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅฝผใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ถใƒปใƒ–ใ‚ฟใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใŒใ„ใ‹ใซ
69:53
to be captured, caught and it was no easy task.
950
4193890
4370
ๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ๆ•ใพใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใช ไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
69:58
Well, and remember, before the pig, Fred, the pig was dodging, was dodging them, which
951
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€่ฑšใŒ้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ ่ฑšใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€
70:06
made it no easy task to capture him.
952
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4351
ๅฝผใ‚’ๆ•ใพใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
70:11
Dodge is a void now.
953
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2919
ใƒ€ใƒƒใ‚ธใฏไปŠ็ฉบ่™šใงใ™ใ€‚
70:14
Why?
954
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1000
ใชใœ๏ผŸ
70:15
Because he wasn't ready to give up his holiday.
955
4215199
6221
ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’ๆ”พๆฃ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใ€‚
70:21
This is a useful phrasal verb to give something up.
956
4221420
4170
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ซฆใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซไพฟๅˆฉใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚
70:25
In this case, the something is his holiday, and when you give something up, you simply
957
4225590
4710
ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใฏๅฝผใฎไผ‘ๆ—ฅใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ”พๆฃ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ˜ใซ
70:30
stop doing it.
958
4230300
1940
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
70:32
You stop doing the something or you stop using the something.
959
4232240
4260
ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
70:36
So a lot of people use this when they quit smoking.
960
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3190
ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็ฆ็…™ๆ™‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
70:39
Oh, I need to give up smoking.
961
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็ฆ็…™ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
70:42
I need to stop smoking, stop doing the activity or using the activity, so in this case, stop
962
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็งใฏๅ–ซ็…™ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใฎๅˆฉ็”จใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฝผใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’ไธญๆญขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
70:52
his holiday.
963
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ใ€‚
70:53
He wasn't ready to give up his holiday of running around the city and eating what he
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่ก—ไธญใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šๅ›žใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
71:00
wanted to eat, she said.
965
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้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ไผ‘ๆ—ฅใ‚’่ซฆใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ชžใฃใŸใ€‚
71:01
Of course, he wasn't ready to give it up.
966
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅฝผใซใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ซฆใ‚ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
71:05
After he was captured, staff affectionately gave him the name Fred.
967
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ๅฝผใŒๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅพŒใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใฏๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆ ๅฝผใซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
71:11
So when you do something affectionately, you do it with love, love, friendliness, oh, admiration
968
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆใ€ๆ„›ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆใ€่ฆชใ—ใฟใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€่ณž่ณ›ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆ
71:22
and affectionately.
969
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ๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆ่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
71:26
This is an adverb and it modifies the verb Gave him the name because at the beginning
970
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ ๅฝผใซๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ฉฑใงใฏ
71:35
the story sounded like, oh, this pig is causing damage, this pig is ruining yards, this pig
971
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฑšใฏๆๅฎณใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฑšใฏๅบญใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฑšใฏ
71:43
is loitering.
972
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ๅพ˜ๅพŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
71:44
So these negative things about the pig.
973
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่ฑšใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ“ใจใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
71:47
But the staff feel affection towards the pig, so they affectionately gave him the name Fred.
974
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใฏ่ฑšใซๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
71:55
To show that they're not mad at the pig, they are.
975
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ฑšใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚
71:59
They feel friendliness or love towards the pig.
976
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ฑšใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ่ฆชใ—ใฟใ‚„ๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ ใ€‚
72:04
So the staff affectionately gave him the name Fred and he has been staying at the Aurora
977
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ใใ“ใงใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใฏๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆๅฝผใซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ€ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅ ๅฝผใฏใ‚ชใƒผใƒญใƒฉ
72:10
Animal Shelter ever since.
978
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ๅ‹•็‰ฉไฟ่ญทๆ–ฝ่จญใซๆปžๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
72:14
So because this isn't in the present perfect continuous Burton's, I know the pig is still
979
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ† ็ถ™็ถšใƒใƒผใƒˆใƒณใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€่ฑšใŒ
72:21
there now.
980
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ไปŠใ‚‚ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
72:22
The pig, Fred, the pig is still at the Aurora Animal Shelter now, Miss Allen said.
981
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่ฑšใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€่ฑšใฏ ไปŠใ‚‚ใ‚ชใƒผใƒญใƒฉๅ‹•็‰ฉไฟ่ญทๆ–ฝ่จญใซใ„ใพใ™ใจใ‚ขใƒฌใƒณๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
72:29
He is an unusual addition to the shelter animal shelter.
982
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ๅฝผใฏๅ‹•็‰ฉไฟ่ญทๆ–ฝ่จญใฎ็ใ—ใ„ใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใงใ™ ใ€‚
72:34
This is an area where they they care for abandoned pets or pets without homes.
983
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ใ“ใ“ใฏๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚„้ฃผใ„ไธปใฎใ„ใชใ„ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใฎไธ–่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
72:40
They call that a shelter to the shelter, which more commonly houses cats and dogs.
984
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ทใ‚งใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผใธใฎใ‚ทใ‚งใƒซใ‚ฟใƒผใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ็Œซใ‚„็Šฌใ‚’ๅŽๅฎนใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
72:47
Of course, they don't get many pigs at animal shelters in cities.
985
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€้ƒฝๅธ‚้ƒจใฎๅ‹•็‰ฉไฟ่ญทๆ–ฝ่จญใงใฏ่ฑšใฏๅคšใใฏใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
72:52
Of course, staff are not sure how he ended up on the streets of Aurora.
986
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใฏๅฝผใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒญใƒฉใฎ่ทฏไธŠใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
73:01
When you end up to use the phrasal verb, it talks about your your final state or your
987
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7510
ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใช็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚„
73:08
final decision.
988
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใชๆฑบๆ–ญใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
73:10
So he's on the streets of Aurora, but they have no idea how that became his final location.
989
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใฏใ‚ชใƒผใƒญใƒฉใฎ่ทฏไธŠใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ“ใŒ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆๅฝผใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใชใฃใŸใฎใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
73:20
How did he get there?
990
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ๅฝผใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ“ใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใ„ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
73:22
How did he end up there?
991
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ๅฝผใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ“ใซ่กŒใ็€ใ„ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
73:25
So you can use that.
992
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1460
ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
73:26
This is a very common phrasal verb.
993
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
73:29
For example, I might say I ended ended up staying home last night.
994
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8330
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ˜จๅคœใฏ็ตๅฑ€ๅฎถใซใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
73:37
This implies that my final decision or action was to stay home, but because I used ended
995
4417670
9600
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใฎๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใชๆฑบๆ–ญใพใŸใฏ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ ๅฎถใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€็ตๅฑ€ใฏๅฎถใซใ„ใŸใŸใ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
73:47
up.
996
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1000
ใ€‚
73:48
It implies that I was considering other options, but I ended up staying home.
997
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7050
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไป–ใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใŒใ€็ตๅฑ€ๅฎถใซใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
73:55
So this was out of all the option options I was considering.
998
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๅ€™่ฃœใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
74:00
This is my final option.
999
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2590
ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
74:02
I ended up staying home last night.
1000
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4970
ๆ˜จๅคœใฏ็ตๅฑ€ๅฎถใซใ„ใ‚‹ไบ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
74:07
I ended up adopting a pig named Fred, which I don't think I'll end up doing, but I guess
1001
4447770
11810
็งใฏๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใฎ่ฑšใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏๅผ•ใๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ
74:19
it's a possibility 'cause I do love animals, but I don't think I can take Fred home for
1002
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5570
ๅ‹•็‰ฉใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใชใฎใงใใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆฐธ้ ใซๅฎถใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆๅธฐใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
74:25
his forever.
1003
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ใ€‚
74:26
Home staff are not sure how he ended up on the streets of Aurora, how that became his
1004
4466340
5850
ใƒ›ใƒผใƒ ใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใฏใ€ๅฝผใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ‚ชใƒผใƒญใƒฉใฎ่ทฏไธŠใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆๅฝผใฎ
74:32
final position.
1005
4472190
1140
ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใชๅœฐไฝใซใชใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
74:33
They have speculated that he may have been a backyard pet.
1006
4473330
5190
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใŒ่ฃๅบญใง้ฃผใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
74:38
Remember I explained backyard already?
1007
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒคใƒผใƒ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใงใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ
74:41
A backyard pet that grew to be a much bigger size than expected?
1008
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ๅคงใใๆˆ้•ทใ—ใŸ่ฃๅบญใฎใƒšใƒƒใƒˆ ?
74:48
You're probably wondering about the verb speculate.
1009
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œspeculateใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
74:53
It has the same meaning as the verb guess.
1010
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎguessใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
74:57
When you guess an answer, for example, it means you're not 100% certain what the correct
1011
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ๆญฃ่งฃใŒ 100% ็ขบๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใŒ
75:04
answer is, but you're just going to guess.
1012
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ใ€ใŸใ ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
75:09
So when you speculate, you don't know 100% what the answer is, but you're just you're
1013
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€็ญ”ใˆใŒ 100% ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€
75:16
guessing.
1014
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1000
ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฌๆ˜ŽใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใช
75:17
You're using the information that you have to provide an explanation, but you're not
1015
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ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€
75:22
100% certain.
1016
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100% ็ขบๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
75:25
So they're guessing that he was a backyard pet that grew to be much bigger than expected,
1017
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใŒ ไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคงใใๆˆ้•ทใ—ใŸ่ฃๅบญใฎใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
75:30
but they're not 100% sure if this is correct.
1018
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏ100๏ผ…็ขบไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
75:35
They probably got him as a little piglet.
1019
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚’ๅญ่ฑšใจใ—ใฆ่ฟŽใˆๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
75:38
So a baby pig is called a piglet, Baby pig, just like a baby cat is a kitten, a baby dog
1020
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅญ่ฑšใฏๅญ่ฑšใ€ๅญ่ฑšใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅญ็ŒซใŒๅญ็Œซใ€ๅญ็ŠฌใŒ
75:46
is a puppy.
1021
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ๅญ็Šฌใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
75:48
So this is a baby pig is a piglet, a little piglet.
1022
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅญ่ฑšใ€ๅญ่ฑšใ€ๅญ ่ฑšใงใ™ใ€‚
75:52
And he just continued to grow.
1023
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏใŸใ ๆˆ้•ทใ—็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
75:55
Miss Allen said nobody has claimed Fred, so this means nobody has said Fred is my pig.
1024
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ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒณๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒ็งใฎ่ฑšใ ใจใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
76:04
If someone said Fred is my pig, then that person claimed Fred.
1025
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใฏ็งใฎ่ฑšใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ ไบบใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไธปๅผตใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
76:11
But unfortunately nobody has said that and he seems to like his new home for now.
1026
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰่ชฐใ‚‚ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใ‚‰ใšใ€ ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ๅฝผใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅฎถใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
76:17
But staff are hoping to find a farm for him where he can play and be at ease, at ease,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใฏใ€ๅฝผใŒๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ—ใฆใƒ—ใƒฌใƒผใงใใ‚‹่พฒๅ ดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹
76:26
At ease.
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ใ€‚
76:27
You need the preposition at.
1029
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž at ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
76:28
This would be another way of saying be relaxed, relaxed.
1030
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ€ ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
76:34
If you're at ease it means you're relaxed.
1031
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ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
76:36
There's no tension and they're looking for a farm that can be.
1032
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็ทŠๅผตๆ„Ÿใฏใชใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ ๅฏ่ƒฝใช่พฒๅ ดใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
76:42
Remember the expression we we learned as well.
1033
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็ฟ’ใฃใŸ่กจ็พใ‚‚ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
76:45
That can be his forever home.
1034
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ใใ“ใŒๅฝผใฎๆฐธ้ ใฎๅฎถใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
76:48
His forever home.
1035
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ๅฝผใฎๆฐธ้ ใฎๅฎถใ€‚
76:51
I don't know about you, but I love animal stories.
1036
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็งใฏๅ‹•็‰ฉใฎ ่ฉฑใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
76:54
I love animals.
1037
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็งใฏๅ‹•็‰ฉใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
76:55
I always tear up when I hear about animals.
1038
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ๅ‹•็‰ฉใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใจใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆถ™ใŒๅ‡บใพใ™ใ€‚
76:58
So let's all say in the comments, good luck Fred, good luck Fred.
1039
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ‚‚ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ€้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Œ ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Œใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
77:03
And hopefully Fred will find his forever home.
1040
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ใใ—ใฆใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๆฐธ้ ใฎๅฎถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
77:06
So put Good luck Fred in the comments.
1041
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€Œ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใจๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
77:10
And that was the end of the article.
1042
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใง่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
77:12
So what I'll do now is I'll read the article from start to finish and this time you can
1043
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๅ›žใฏ
77:16
focus on my pronunciation.
1044
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็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
77:19
So let's do that now.
1045
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠใ™ใใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
77:20
Fred, the pig caught after Mischief rampage.
1046
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ€ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใŒๆšดใ‚ŒใŸๅพŒใซๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ่ฑšใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒญใƒฉๅธ‚
77:25
After numerous complaints of mischief in the city of Aurora, a ยฃ400 culprit has finally
1047
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ใงใฎใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰ใฎ่‹ฆๆƒ…ใŒๅคšๆ•ฐๅฏ„ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅพŒ ใ€ใคใ„ใซ
77:32
been caught loitering outside a shopping center.
1048
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ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๅค–ใ‚’ๅพ˜ๅพŠใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ400ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ็ŠฏไบบใŒ้€ฎๆ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
77:36
Officials say Fred, who dodged them for several days, is always hungry and loves his belly
1049
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ๅฝ“ๅฑ€ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ้–“ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใฆใใŸใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ๅ›ใฏ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใŠ่…นใ‚’
77:41
scratches.
1050
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ๅผ•ใฃๆŽปใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ€‚
77:43
It took about 8 people and five hours to capture him.
1051
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ๆ•็ฒใซใฏ8ไบบใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใง็ด„5ๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸ ใ€‚
77:47
They now hope to find his forever home.
1052
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠใ€ๅฝผใฎๆฐธ้ ใฎๅฎถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ„ใจ้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
77:51
City officials first became aware of Fred on September 24th when they received a call
1053
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5200
ๅธ‚ๅฝ“ๅฑ€ใŒใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅญ˜ๅœจใซๅˆใ‚ใฆๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใฎใฏใ€ 9ๆœˆ24ๆ—ฅใซ่ฑšใŒไบบใฎๅฎถใฎๅบญใ‚’่’ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†้€šๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใจใใ ใฃใŸ
77:56
about a pig that was tearing up a person's yard.
1054
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ใ€‚
78:00
But when animal officers arrived on the scene, they were not able to find him.
1055
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉ็ฎก็†ๅฎ˜ใŒ็พๅ ดใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
78:06
More calls came in the next day, this time about a pig in traffic.
1056
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็ฟŒๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏ ๆธ‹ๆปžไธญใฎ่ฑšใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
78:10
Then another call about a pig that was ruining someone's landscaping.
1057
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€่ฑšใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅบญใ‚’ๅฐ็„กใ—ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅˆฅใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
78:15
He was then spotted again three days later on September 27th in the early morning hours.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€3ๆ—ฅๅพŒใฎ 9ๆœˆ27ๆ—ฅๆ—ฉๆœใซๅ†ใณ็™บ่ฆ‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
78:22
This time Fred was in a position where he could be captured, Miss Allen said.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒ ๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ไฝ็ฝฎใซใ„ใŸใจใ‚ขใƒฌใƒณๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ่ชžใฃใŸใ€‚
78:27
Still, it was no easy task.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไป•ไบ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ€
78:32
He just wasn't ready to give up his holiday of running around the city and eating what
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่ก—ใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šๅ›žใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
78:36
he wanted to eat, she said.
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้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ไผ‘ๆ—ฅใ‚’่ซฆใ‚ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ชžใฃใŸใ€‚
78:39
After he was captured, staff affectionately gave him the name Fred and he has been staying
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ๅฝผใŒๆ•็ฒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅพŒใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใฏๆ„›ๆƒ…ใ‚’่พผใ‚ใฆ ๅฝผใซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ€
78:44
at the Aurora Animal Shelter ever since.
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ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅๅฝผใฏใ‚ชใƒผใƒญใƒฉๅ‹•็‰ฉไฟ่ญทๆ–ฝ่จญใซๆปžๅœจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
78:48
Miss Allen said he is an unusual addition to the shelter, which more commonly houses
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ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€็Šฌใ‚„็Œซใ‚’ๅŽๅฎนใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใ“ใฎไฟ่ญทๆ–ฝ่จญใงใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฏ็ใ—ใ„ๅญ˜ๅœจใ ใจ่ชžใฃใŸ
78:54
cats and dogs.
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ใ€‚
78:55
Staff are not sure how he ended up on the streets of Aurora.
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ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใฏๅฝผใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ‚ชใƒผใƒญใƒฉใฎ่ทฏไธŠใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใฏๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ ใ€‚
78:59
They have speculated that he may have been a backyard pet that grew to be a much bigger
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅฝผใŒ ่ฃๅบญใง้ฃผใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ไบˆๆƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคงใใชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใซๆˆ้•ทใ—ใŸใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใจๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
79:05
size than expected.
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ใ€‚
79:08
They probably got him as a little piglet and he just continued to grow, Miss Allen said.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅญ่ฑšใจใ—ใฆๅผ•ใๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€ ใใฎใพใพๆˆ้•ทใ—็ถšใ‘ใŸใฎใ ใจใ‚ขใƒฌใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
79:15
Nobody has claimed Fred yet and he seems to like his new home for now, but staff are hoping
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ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๅผ•ใๅ–ใ‚Š่€…ใฏใพใ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŠใ‚‰ใšใ€ๅฝผใฏ ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅฎถใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใŒใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒ•ใฏใƒ•ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใ—ใฆ
79:21
to find a farm for him where he can play and be at ease.
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้Šในใ‚‹่พฒๅ ดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚
79:25
Amazing job today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ ใ€‚
79:28
Now did you like this lesson?
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
79:30
I know it was long but my hope is that you'll take all weekend to review this lesson or
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้•ทใ‹ใฃใŸใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’้€ฑๆœซๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
79:37
you'll review it over multiple days as well.
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ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‘ใฆๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
79:40
Because practice, practice, practice, repetition is the key to learning.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใŒ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฎ้ตใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
79:45
So if you like this lesson and you want me to make more lessons like this, then put weekly
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจไฝœใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
79:50
lesson.
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ใ€‚
79:51
Put weekly lesson in the comments and I'll keep creating these.
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ๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ไฝœๆˆใ—็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
79:56
Weekly lessons just for you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ ใ‘ใฎใŸใ‚ใฎๆฏŽ้€ฑใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
79:58
And of course, make sure you like this video, Share it with your friends and subscribe so
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใŠ ๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆ่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
80:03
you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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็งใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆŠ•็จฟใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซ้€š็ŸฅใŒๅฑŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
80:06
And you can get this free speaking guide where I share 6 tips on how to speak English fluently
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ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใฎ็„กๆ–™ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใฏใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆตๆšขใ‹ใค่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ 6 ใคใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
80:11
and confidently.
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ใ€‚
80:12
You can click here to download it or look for the link in the description.
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ่ชฌๆ˜Žๅ†…ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
80:16
And you can keep improving your English with this lesson.
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ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
80:19
Right now.
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ไปŠใ™ใใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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