Reading Practice (Improve Your PRONUNCIATION In English

Welcome back to JForrest English.

I'm Jennifer and today I have a reading  exercise lesson for you so you can improve  

your pronunciation and reduce your  accent by the end of this lesson.

So in only 20 minutes we are  going to read an article together.

1st I'm going to read one section of the article.

I'm going to highlight some of the more difficult  to pronounce words and sounds and after.

I read that section.

It's your turn to.

Read out loud so when you  see me do this, it means you.

Should read out loud and imitate  my pronunciation, so let's do that.

Now.

Life on Mars Definitive.

Definitive.

Definitive.

A new study published in the journal Science,  

shows definitive evidence of organic  matter on the surface of Mars.

Data.

Data.

Data.

Data.

Data.

Data Data Data.

The data was collected by NASA's  nuclear powered Rover Curiosity.

It confirms earlier findings that the Red  Planet once contained carbon based compounds,  

molecules, molecules, molecules.

These compounds, also called organic molecules,  

are essential ingredients for  life as scientists understand it.

The organic molecules were  found in Morris's Gale Crater,  

a large area that may have been a  watery link over 3 billion years.

Extracted, Extracted, Extracted.

The Rover encountered traces of the  molecule in rocks extracted from the area.

Sulfur, Fur.

Fur.

Sulfur.

Sulfur.

Speculate.

Speculate.

Speculate  

the rocks also contain sulfur, which scientists  speculate help preserve the organics,  

radiation, eiation radiation, radiation  

even when the rocks.

Were exposed to the harsh radiation  on the surface of the planet.

Ancient Ancient Chint Chint Ancient  

scientists are quick to state that the  presence of these organic molecules is  

not sufficient evidence for ancient life on Mars,  

as the molecules could have been  formed by nonliving processes.

Astonishing.

Astonishing.

Astonishing.

But it's still one of the most  astonishing discoveries which.

Could lead to future revelations.

Startling, startling, startling A  Ling A Ling, startling, startling,  

especially when one considers the other startling.

Find that curiosity uncovered around 5:00.

Years ago.

Analyzes, analyzes, analyzes  

periodically, periodically,  periodically, periodically.

The Rover analyzes the air around it periodically.

Methane, *** methane, methane.

And in 2014, it found the air contained another  

of the most basic organic molecules  and a key ingredient of natural gas.

Methane.

Characteristics, heuristics,  characteristics, characteristics.

One of the characteristics of methane is  that it only survives a few 100 years.

Replenishing, plenishing,  replenishing, replenishing.

This means that something, somewhere  on Mars is replenishing the supply.

Emit, emit, emit, emit.

According to NASA, Mars emits  thousands of tons of methane at a time.

Intervals Vol Vols Vols Intervals Intervals  Intervals The The level of methane rises and  

falls at seasonal intervals in the year,  almost as if the planet is breathing it.

NASA suspects the methane comes from  deep under the surface of the planet.

The variations in temperature on the surface of  

Mars caused the molecule to flow  upwards at higher or lower levels.

Trapped.

Trapped, trapped, trapped.

Trapped.

For example, in the winter, the gas could  get trapped in underground icy crystals.

These crystals, called clathrates,  melt in the summer and release the gas.

However, the source of the methane  is still a complete mystery.

Astrobiology.

Astrobiology.

Astrobiology.

Astrobiology.

The world of astrobiology considers both  of these studies as historical milestones.

According to this information,  Mars is not a dead planet.

Contrary, Terry Terry Contrary.

Habitable.

Habitable.

On the contrary, it is quite active and  maybe changing and becoming more habitable.

Of course, this means further  research is necessary.

Scientists say they need to  send new equipment to Mars,  

equipment that can measure the  air and soil with more precision.

There are already missions underway.

The European Space Agency's  EXO Mars ship lands in 2020.

Analyze, analyze, analyze,  

And we'll be able to drill into the  ground on Mars to analyze what it finds.

Additionally, NASA is sending another Mars Rover  

in the same year to collect samples of  Martian soil and return them to Earth.

The possibility of life on  Mars has fascinated humans.

For generations  

it has been the subject of endless  science fiction novels and films.

Are we alone in the universe or have there  been other life forms within our solar system?

If the current missions to  the Red Planet continue, it  

looks as if we may discover the answer very soon.

Amazing job, following along  and imitating my pronunciation.

Now what I'll do is I'll read the article from  

start to finish and this time you  can hear the article continuously  

and listen for those difficult sounds  that you now know how to pronounce.

So I'll do that now.

Life on Mars.

A new study published in the journal Science shows  

definitive evidence of organic  matter on the surface of Mars.

The data was collected by Nassau's  nuclear powered Rover Curiosity.

It confirms earlier findings that the Red  Planet once contained carbon based compounds.

These compounds, also called organic molecules,  

are essential ingredients for  life as scientists understand it.

The organic molecules were  found in Mars's Gale Cater,  

a large area that may have been a  watery link over 3 billion years.

Ago, the Rover encountered traces of the  molecule in rocks extracted from the area.

The rocks also contains sulfur,  

which scientists speculate helped preserve  the organics even when the rocks were.

Exposed to the harsh radiation  on the surface of the planet,  

scientists are quick to state that the presence of  these organic molecules is not sufficient evidence  

for ancient life on Mars, as the molecules  could have been formed by nonliving processes.

But it's still one of the most  astonishing discoveries which could  

lead to future revelations, especially  when one considers the other startling.

Find that Curiosity uncovered around 5:00.

Years ago,  

the Rover analyzes the air around it periodically,  and in 2014 it found the air contained another of  

the most basic organic molecules and a  key ingredient of natural gas, methane.

One of the characteristics of methane is  that it only survives a few 100 years.

This means that something, somewhere  on Mars is replenishing the supply.

According to NASA, Mars emits  thousands of tons of methane at a time.

This level of methane rises and falls  at seasonal intervals in the year,  

almost as if the planet is breathing it.

NASA suspects the methane comes from  deep under the surface of the planet.

The variations in temperature on the  surface of Mars cause the molecule.

To flow upwards at higher and higher levels.

For example, in the winter, the gas could  get trapped in underground icy crystals.

These crystals, called class rates,  melt in the summer and release the gas.

However, the source of the methane  is still a complete mystery.

The world of astrobiology considers both  of these studies as historical milestones.

According to this information,  Mars is not a dead planet.

On the contrary, it is quite active and may  be changing and becoming more habitable.

Of course, this means further  research is necessary.

Scientists say they need to  send new equipment to Mars,  

equipment that can measure the  air and soil with more precision.

There are already missions underway.

The European Space Agency's Exo  Mars Ship lands in 2020 and will  

be able to drill into the ground  on Mars to analyze what it finds.

Additionally, NASA is sending another Mars Rover  

in the same year to collect samples of  Martian soil and return them to Earth.

The possibility of life on Mars has  fascinated humans for generations.

It has been the subject of endless  science fiction novels and films.

Are we alone in the universe, or have there  been other life forms within our solar system?

If the current missions to  the Red Planet continue, it  

looks as if we may discover the answer very soon.

Did you enjoy?

That reading exercise, Do you feel like  you've got to practice your pronunciation?

I'm sure as we were.

Reading it, there were a lot of  words you didn't quite understand.

Or know what they were.

So now let's take the same  article, and this time we'll.

Review it in detail and we'll focus  on the vocabulary and grammar.

And we'll still talk about  the pronunciation as well.

Let's do that.

Now our headline Nice and short, Life on Mars,  A very interesting topic a new study published.

In the journal Science shows definitive evidence  of organic matter on the surface of Mars.

Organic matter simply means living matter.

Matter that is living.

For example, in this picture, it  looks like there's some green.

When you see green, you think plants.

So it looks like living matter, organic matter.

Now let's take a look at this shows.

Evidence.

Shows definitive evidence.

When I see this, I say, wow, definitive evidence.

Definitive is an adjective that  means firm, final, or complete.

So this evidence is firm.

It's final.

You can think of it as not to be questioned.

So you can't question this evidence.

It's firm and final.

So real evidence It makes it a lot stronger.

Of organic matter on the surface of Mars.

Now notice here we have the journal Science,  

and you see that Science has  a capital S This is because.

It's a proper noun, and you need to capitalize  the 1st letter of a proper noun, proper noun.

And it's a proper noun because the  name of the journal is Science.

And that's why it has a  capital S but if you were just.

Talking about the subject  science, I love science class.

You don't need to capitalize it because  in this case it's not a proper noun.

The data was collected by NASA's  nuclear powered Rover Curiosity.

Again, this is a great example Curiosity,  which you probably know as a noun.

Curiosity is a good thing when you're a student,  but in this case it's the name of the Rover.

The name of the Rover is Curiosity.

And that's why we have a capital 1st letter.

It's a.

Proper noun.

It confirms the Rover.

Curiosity confirms earlier findings that the Red  Planet once contained carbon based compounds.

I'll be honest with you, I'm  not exactly sure what a carbon.

Based compound is.

It's a compound that contains carbon.

That's all I know about that.

Red Planet is another name for  the planet Mars because it is red.

So when you see Red Planet, you know  they're talking about Mars, these compounds.

They're talking about the carbon based  compounds, also called organic molecules,  

are essential ingredients for  life as scientists understand it.

Now notice how they explain what these  compounds are or why they're important.

Because the average.

Person like me who doesn't  have a scientific background.

Has no idea what a carbon based compound  is, so they explain what this is.

So now I know.

OK, essential meaning very  important, extremely important,  

important, and not just important, very  important, essential ingredients for life.

As scientists understand it.

So now I know you can't have life  without these carbon based compounds,  

and they have found definitive evidence  that these compounds exist on Mars,  

the Red Planet, essentially saying  that life on Mars is possible.

I've summarized all of the lesson notes  and you can find them in a free lesson PDF.

You can look for the link in the  description or in the first comment.

Let's continue.

The organic molecules were  found in Mars's Gale Crater,  

a large area that may have been a  watery lake over 3 billion years ago.

The Rover encountered traces of the  molecule in rocks extracted from the area.

When you extract something, it means you  remove it or take it out so they have a rock.

And within this rock there are molecules.

So they took those molecules  out, they extracted it.

This is also the terminology you use.

If you need to get a tooth removed, you can  extract a tooth, which means simply to remove it.

So to remove or take out.

To remove or take out.

And you remove something generally from something  else, so you extract the molecules from the rock.

The rocks also contain sulfur, which scientists  speculate helped preserve the organics even  

when the rocks were exposed to the harsh  radiation on the surface of the planet.

Remember, we're talking about the planet Mars.

Now let's take a look at this verb,  speculate, a very common verb.

When you speculate on something,  it means you essentially guess.

What the answer is?

And you do that because you don't  have enough information to be certain.

If you're certain, it means you 100% know so  you can present that information as a fact.

But if you're just.

Guessing you use the verb speculate.

So when your audience here speculate,  

they know that you are not 100%  certain you are in fact guessing.

So scientists speculate.

So they don't actually know  that this is 100% correct.

It's their best guest based on the information  they have scientists speculate helped preserve  

the organics even that when the rocks  were exposed to the harsh radiation.

Let's take a look at Harsh.

Harsh is an adjective, so I could  say exposed to the radiation,  

which means the radiation affected it.

It was in the same area as the radiation,  so it was exposed to the radiation  

to the harsh radiation.

So harsh is an adjective that  modifies radiation and harsh.

Means unpleasant, unkind, cruel,  or more severe than necessary.

So radiation is very strong, and they're  saying that this radiation was very severe,  

perhaps more severe than it usually is.

The harsh radiation on the surface of the planet.

Let's move on.

Scientists are quick to state that the.

Presence of these organic molecules is not  sufficient evidence for ancient life on Mars  

as the molecules could have been formed  by non living processes, so here they're.

Casting some doubt ancient life on Mars.

So they're saying right now we don't  have enough evidence to say that.

Previously in ancient times there was life  on Mars, so that would be ancient life.

So not sufficient is saying we don't  have enough evidence, not sufficient,  

so not enough, not enough to  be convincing, not enough.

And in this case, to convince, you  could say I don't have sufficient time.

So in that case, it's not  enough time to do something.

I don't have sufficient time  to complete this article.

I don't have enough time to do it.

So the scientists are suggesting there could be  another reason why these molecules are there.

But it's still one of the  most astonishing discoveries  

which could lead to future revelations.

Let's take a look at astonishing as an adjective.

This means.

Surprising, or it can be amazing.

That was astonishing.

That was amazing.

But maybe it was that was astonishing.

It was surprising at the same time.

So it depends on how it's being used.

In this case, it could be really either the  

most astonishing discoveries which  could lead to future revelations.

Let's look at.

Revelation, in this case it's a noun.

It comes from the verb reveal.

So when you reveal something,  you make that information known.

It's the same case as all revelation.

A revelation is when a fact becomes known.

Now it can be when a unknown fact.

Becomes known.

So before we didn't know it, and now we know it.

It's a revelation.

Or it can be when a secret fact becomes known.

So certain people knew it, but  the general public did it not.

So when the general public  found out what a revelation,  

remember this comes from the verb to reveal.

And you reveal a secret, which means you share  a secret that you previously had not shared,  

especially when one considers the.

Other startling fine that Curiosity  uncovered around five years ago.

Remember, Curiosity is the name of NASA's Rover,  

which is the machine that operates  on the surface of the planet Mars.

Now let's look at startling  as an adjective, A startling.

Fine.

When something is startling, it's  surprising, but usually in a worrisome way.

So you could say I went to the  doctor and I got some startling  

news that doesn't sound very  good because it's news that.

Surprised you, but generally in a  negative way, in a worrisome way.

So especially when one considers the other  

startling find that curiosity  uncovered around five years ago.

So we'll find out what that startling find is  that surprising find, But somehow, in some sort  

of a negative way, perhaps a worrisome way, the  Rover analyzes the air around it periodically.

Periodically is an adverb that means from  time to time, periodically from time to time.

So consistently means all the time.

But periodically means perhaps once a  week or once a day, so on a schedule,  

but not all the time, which would be consistently.

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Or the comments section For  more information on how to join.

Now let's continue on.

And in 2014 it Rover.

It found the air contained another  of the most basic organic molecules  

and a key ingredient of natural gas, methane.

So the Rover found another molecule  on the planet Mars, methane.

One of the characteristics of methane is  that it only survives a few 100 years.

So a few 100.

To me that sounds like 300, maybe 400,  

maybe 500 because a few is more  than two, because two is a couple.

A couple 100 years is 2, and few is generally more  than two, but less than definitely less than 10.

Three to five, I would say a few 100 years.

This means that something somewhere  on Mars is replenishing the supply.

When something is replenished,  it means it's filled.

Up again.

So for example, if a lake had water  and then there was a drought, very dry  

conditions and all the water evaporated,  So if you put more water in that lake,  

you're replenishing the lake,  you're filling the lake again.

So they're saying that something on the  planet Mars, is replenishing the supply.

Of methane, which could be the startling fine.

It's surprising, and maybe  there's reason to be concerned.

What is this?

That's replenishing the supply.

How is it doing this?

What does it mean for us on Earth?

That could be the startling part.

According to NASA, Mars emits  thousands of tons of methane at a time.

The verb emit simply means to to produce  or to send out, to produce or send out.

But we use this in very specific cases.

We use it with gases.

In this case we also use this with sounds.

Sounds so the the truck emits.

A lot of gas, for one, and a lot of noise.

Oh, the sound that that truck is emitting or the  building is emitting, It's really hurting my ears.

We also use this.

For light.

So the airport emits a lot of light.

It's blinding.

Mars emits thousands of tons  of methane at a time the level.

Of methane rises and falls as seasonal intervals  in the year, Almost as if the planet is breathing.

It sounds a little strange.

Perhaps that's the startling information here.

NASA suspects the methane comes from  deep under the surface of the planet.

The variations in temperature on the  surface of Mars caused the molecule,  

which is methane, to flow upwards  at higher or lower levels.

OK, so this is the.

Scientists are speculating because if you  suspect something, you don't know for sure.

Otherwise you would say NASA knows  the methane comes, but they suspect,  

which means they're about  80% sure they're guessing.

So again, you could also use the verb speculate.

NASA speculates the methane comes from deep  under the surface, so they don't know 100%.

For example, in the winter, the gas could  get trapped in underground icy crystals.

OK, so this is what's happening to  the methane these crystals called.

Class rates melt in the  summer and release the gas,  

so this is their theory on how this gas is  being released at different times of the year.

In winter, it's frozen.

The gas is frozen in these  icy crystals, but in summer,  

when these crystals melt,  they release the methane.

Again, this is not a fact.

Because they're speculating, they  suspect this is what is happening.

They don't know it to be true.

However, the source of the methane  is still a complete mystery.

Complete is an adjective and.

It means very great, or the highest possible.

So we're saying it's a mystery,  but not just a mystery.

Imagine the greatest mystery  you've ever thought of.

That's a.

Complete mystery.

It's a very great mystery.

The highest mystery possible.

It's a complete.

Mystery.

So the source, meaning how the methane is there  originally, Where does the methane come from?

That is a complete mystery.

The.

World of Astrobiology considers  both of these studies a historical.

Milestone.

A milestone is an important event, and  it's an important event in history.

Or in your life as well.

An important event in history  or one's life, for example.

One of the big milestones is when you  graduate from school, That's a milestone.

That's an important event in your life.

When you graduate, when you get married, when  you get your first job, when you have a baby.

You buy your first car, buy your first house.

These are all milestones, but of course  there are also historical milestones,  

and this the information found in these  studies is one of those milestones.

According to this information,  Mars is not a dead planet,  

so of course a dead planet would be  a planet that cannot sustain life.

On the contrary, we use this as a  transition word when we want to introduce.

A contrasting point.

So dead planet is the one point.

Now the contrasting point would have to  show something with life and we can use.

On the contrary, Mars is not a dead planet.

On the contrary, it is quite active with  life, with molecules, with organic matter,  

and maybe changing and becoming more habitable.

If you describe something as habitable, it means.

You're able to live there because  the conditions are appropriate.

So able to live there.

For example, a very, very old house that  has a lot of damage might not be habitable.

It's not suitable to live there, You're not.

Able to live there, or after  a flood or natural disaster?

Maybe your home is no longer habitable.

Of course, this means further  research is necessary.

Scientists say they need to  send new equipment to Mars.

Equipment that can measure the  air and soil with more precision.

More precision is another way of  saying more accuracy, accuracy.

They need to be more accurate.

There are already missions underway.

Underway means they're in progress  now, in progress, now in progress now.

The European Space Agency's  Exo Mars ship lands in 2020,  

and we'll be able to drill into the  ground on Mars to analyze what it finds.

Additionally, Nassau is sending another Mars Rover  

in the same year to collect samples of  Martian soil and return them to Earth.

So Martian.

This comes from the word Mars.

Just like if you live in Italy, you're an Italian.

If you live on Mars, you're a Martian.

That can be something you  can maybe look forward to.

So live on Mars equals Martian Martian soil,  Italian wine, pizza, tomatoes, for example.

Martian soil.

And notice how Mars, Martian  Earth also have that capital  

first letter because they are proper nouns.

Remember we talked about proper  nouns at the beginning, Proper nouns.

So you need capital first letter.

And here NASA is in all capitals,  because we also capitalize acronyms.

So each letter stands for something.

To be honest, I don't know what NASA stands for.

I think the SA is space agency national.

What's the a association space agency?

That doesn't sound right.

What is the acronym for NASA?

Do you know?

Put it in the comments because  honestly, I'm not sure.

I'm pretty sure SA is space agency,  

but I don't know what the N and  the A stand for because nobody.

Ever says it.

Everybody says NASA.

Let's continue again.

Let me know in the comments.

The possibility of life on Mars has  fascinated humans for generations.

It has been the subject of endless  science fiction novels and films.

If you describe something as endless,  it means again and again and again.

So as you know, there are always  movies and books about aliens,  

Martians, life on other planets, right?

So again and again and again, non ending.

Again and again non ending.

Endless.

Are we alone in the universe or have there  been other life forms within our solar system?

If the current missions to the  Red Planet, which again means  

Mars, Mars if the current missions  to the Red Planet continue?

It looks as if we may  discover the answer very soon.

Wow.

Isn't.

That A interesting way to end an article.

So that's our article on Mars.

Now I will go back and I'll read  the article from start to finish,  

and this time you can focus on my pronunciation.

Life on Mars?

A new study published in the journal Science shows  

definitive evidence of organic  matter on the surface of Mars.

The data was collected by Nassau's  nuclear powered Rover Curiosity.

It confirms earlier findings that the Red  Planet once contained carbon based compounds.

These compounds, also called organic molecules,  

are essential ingredients for  life as scientists understand it.

The organic molecules were found in Mars's Gale.

Cater a large area that may have been  a watery link over 3 billion years ago,  

the Rover encounter traces of the  molecule in rocks extracted from the area.

The rocks also contains sulfur,  which scientists speculate helped  

preserve the organics even when the  rocks were exposed to the harsh.

Radiation on the surface of the planet.

Scientists are quick to state that the presence  of these organic molecules is not sufficient  

evidence for ancient life on Mars as the molecules  could have been formed by non living processes.

But it's still one of the most  astonishing discoveries which could  

lead to future revelations, especially  when one considers the other startling.

Find that curiosity uncovered  around 5:00 years ago the Rover.

Analyzes the air around it periodically,  

and in 2014 it found the air contained  another of the most basic organic molecules.

And a key ingredient of natural gas?

Methane.

One of the characteristics of methane is  that it only survives a few 100 years.

This means that something somewhere  on Mars is replenishing the supply.

According to NASA, Mars emits  thousands of tons of methane at a time.

This level of methane rises and falls  at seasonal intervals in the year,  

almost as if the planet is breathing it.

NASA suspects the methane comes from  deep under the surface of the planet.

The variations in temperature on the surface  of Mars cause the molecule to flow upwards.

At higher and higher levels.

For example, in the winter, the gas could  get trapped in underground icy crystals.

These crystals, called class rates,  melt in the summer and release the gas.

However, the source of the methane  is still a complete mystery.

The world of astrobiology considers both  of these studies as historical milestones.

According to this information,  Mars is not a dead planet.

On the contrary, it is quite active and may  be changing and becoming more habitable.

Of course, this means further  research is necessary.

Scientists say they need to  send new equipment to Mars,  

equipment that can measure the  air and soil with more precision.

There are already missions underway.

The European Space Agency's Exo Mars ship lands.

In 2020, and will be able to drill into the  ground on Mars to analyze what it finds.

Additionally, NASA is sending another Mars Rover  

in the same year to collect samples of  Martian soil and return them to Earth.

The possibility of life on Mars has  fascinated humans for generations.

It has been the subject of endless  science fiction novels and films.

Are we alone in the universe, or have there  been other life forms within our solar system?

If the current missions to  the Red Planet continue, it  

looks as if we may discover the answer very soon.

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