English Grammar: Past Simple Time Markers

1,077,250 views ใƒป 2013-09-16

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's lesson, we are going to talk about something many
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง ใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎ
00:08
students have difficulty with. We are going to talk about the past simple -- or simple
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด” - ใพใŸใฏๅ˜็ด”
00:16
past -- tense and time markers, which can help students to figure out what tense to
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้ŽๅŽป - ๆ™‚ๅˆถใจๆ™‚้–“ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใฉใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใก
00:22
use. So I'll explain this in a second. First, my question: What is the past simple?
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ใพใ™. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€็งใฎ่ณชๅ•: ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:30
What is the simple past? Well, "I ate two cookies." The present tense: "I eat two cookies.
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ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’2ใค้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ็พๅœจๅฝข: ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ 2 ๆžš้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
Every day, I eat two cookies." So in the past, we would say "ate". So usually, simple past
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ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ 2 ๆžš้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๆ˜” ใฏใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝข
00:48
are verbs, actions that end in "-ed". So we have "cleaned" -- "I cleaned the floor." "I
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ใฏใ€Œ-edใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅ‹•ไฝœใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็ง ใŸใกใฏใ€ŒๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใŸใ€ - ใ€Œ็งใฏๅบŠใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ
01:02
cooked spaghetti." "I baked a cake." "I worked all night." These are all "-ed" -- past verbs.
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ใ‚นใƒ‘ใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’็„ผใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญๅƒใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€Œ-edใ€ - ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:13
We also have some things called "irregular verbs", like "ate" -- "ate", "lay". What are
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ใ€Œateใ€ใ€Œateใ€ใ€Œlayใ€ใชใฉใ€ใ€Œไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:19
some other irregular verbs? "I ran to school yesterday." "I run -- right now, I am running.
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ไป–ใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅญฆๆ กใซ่ตฐใฃใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠใ€็งใฏ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏ
01:27
Every day I run to school. Yesterday I ran to school." So these are irregular verbs.
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ๅญฆๆ กใซ่ตฐใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏๅญฆๆ กใซ่ตฐใ‚Š ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:34
So if you look at my timeline, we have the future. What's the future? Everything after
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็งใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€็งใŸใกใซใฏๆœชๆฅใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœชๆฅใฏ๏ผŸ ไปŠๆ—ฅไปฅ้™ใฎใ™ในใฆ
01:42
today. So this would be tomorrow. Maybe this would be a week from now. Maybe this would
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅคšๅˆ†ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰1้€ฑ้–“ๅพŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œ
01:50
be 2020, and then 2050. So this is the future. This line right here represents now. Today
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ใฏ 2020 ๅนดใ€ใใ—ใฆ 2050 ๅนดใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœชๆฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็ทšใฏไปŠใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:06
it is the year 2013, okay? Maybe when you watch this, maybe it will be 2014, but right
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ2013ๅนดใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ 2014 ๅนดใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
02:13
now, as I film, it is 2013. So that's the present; that's now. This is all the past,
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ใ€็งใŒๆ’ฎๅฝฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไปŠใฏ 2013 ๅนด ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆ้ŽๅŽปใงใ™
02:23
okay? This is all before. This is 1990, 1950, 2000. This is yesterday, so things that happened
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 1990 ๅนดใ€1950 ๅนดใ€2000 ๅนดใงใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™
02:33
before. So when we talk about the past tense, we're talking about here. Okay. So now, let
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
02:42
me tell you what "time markers" are. Many students, they hear the present -- present
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ใ€Œๆ™‚้–“ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’่€ณใซใ—
02:51
perfect: "I've never been to China." "I have eaten four cakes today." They hear this, and
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏไธญๅ›ฝใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’4ใค้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ‚Œ
03:00
then they hear the simple past, "I ate four cakes." Which one do you use? Simple past?
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ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’4ใค้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ‚’่žใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽป๏ผŸ
03:07
Present perfect? And teachers love to test on this. So how do you know? Well, one way
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ•™ๅธซ ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•
03:13
is using things called "time markers". These are our time markers right here. So we have,
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ  ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
03:21
"yesterday", "the other day", "last week", "last month", "last year", "when", "just now",
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅ…ˆๆœˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๅนดใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใ€ใ€ŒไปŠใ€ใ€
03:29
"ago", and "in". So these are all words that we can use with the past simple or simple
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ใ€Œๅ‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œไธญใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใพใŸใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™
03:37
past. You do not use these words with the future. You do not use these words with any
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๆœชๆฅใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ใฉใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
03:44
of the presents. You use them with the simple past or past simple.
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ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด” ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใพใŸใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:51
Okay. So let's do some examples. I could put "yesterday" here. "Yesterday, I ate two cookies."
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ 2 ๆžš้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:00
Okay? I could say, "Yesterday, I ate two cookies." "The other day, I ate two cookies." "Last
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ 2 ๆžš้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ 2 ๆžš้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ
04:09
week, I ate two cookies." "Last month, I ate two cookies." "Last year, I ate two cookies."
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ 2 ๆžš้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅ…ˆๆœˆใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ 2 ๆžš้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๆ˜จๅนดใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ 2 ๆžš้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:16
Even if this isn't written, if it's a test: "I _________ two cookies." "I eat two cookies"?
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใชใ‚‰ ใ€Œ็งใฏ __________ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’2ใค้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€๏ผŸ
04:27
"I have eaten two cookies"? As soon as I see "yesterday", I know: "Yesterday -- ate." "The
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’2ใค้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใใซใ€ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅ-้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
04:35
other day -- ate." "Last week -- ate." Okay? So these are your clues. So memorize them.
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ๅ…ˆๆ—ฅใ€้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:43
Associate them with the simple past. Now, we have "when" here. What do I mean by
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใซ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
04:53
"when"? "I ate two cookies when -- when I was eight years old." "I ate two cookies when
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ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ 2 ๆžš้ฃŸในใŸใฎ ใฏใ€8 ๆญณใฎใจใใงใ™ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๆฐใจๅˆฅใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’2ใค้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸ
05:07
I broke up with my boyfriend." Okay? So you can use -- when you see "when -- blah, blah,
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ - ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ "when -- blah, blah,
05:14
blah", "when I -- blah, blah, blah", this is a clue. This should be -- what should it
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blah", "when I -- blah, blah, blah" ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ -- ไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
05:23
be? Simple past or past simple; not present perfect.
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ในใใ‹? ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใพใŸใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
05:28
"Just now": "Just now, I ate two cookies." "Just now, I went shopping." "Just now, I
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ใ€ŒใŸใฃใŸไปŠใ€๏ผšใ€ŒใŸใฃใŸไปŠใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’2ใค้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€ŒใŸใ ใ„ใพใ€่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€ŒใŸใฃใŸไปŠ
05:38
made a video." Okay? So again, "just now" -- what is it? That's right. Past simple or
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ใ€ๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€ŒไปŠ ใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใพใŸใฏ
05:47
simple past. "Ago": "ago"? This is when you're talking
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ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‰ใ€๏ผšใ€Œๅ‰ใ€๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
05:54
about a certain amount of time. "Two years ago, I went to Thailand." "Five years ago,
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ใ€ไธ€ๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ2ๅนด ๅ‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ5ๅนดๅ‰ใ€
06:03
I went to France." "Two days ago, I ate two cookies." Okay? So there's usually a number
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็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ2ๆ—ฅๅ‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’2ใค้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€šๅธธใ€
06:13
in either years, days, weeks -- "ago". As soon as you see "ago" -- past. Finally, the
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ๅนดใ€ๆ—ฅใ€้€ฑใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™-ใ€Œๅ‰ใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‰ใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸ็žฌ้–“ใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
06:22
last one we will talk about today: "in". "In 1990 -- what happened in 1990? In 1990, I
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ€Œinใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ1990 ๅนดใซใ€ 1990 ๅนดใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†? 1990 ๅนดใ€็ง
06:31
was a little kid." "In 2000, I finished grade 8." "In 2009, I think, I finished university."
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ใฏๅญไพ›ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ2000 ๅนดใซใ€็งใฏ 8 ๅนด็”Ÿใ‚’ๅ’ๆฅญใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ2009ๅนดใซๅคงๅญฆใ‚’ๅ’ๆฅญใ—ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:46
So if you see "in" with a year, what is it? It's simple past. Okay. Very good.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅนดใซใ€Œinใ€ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
06:55
And what do all of these things have in common? Again, they are talking about -- if we look
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
07:02
at this -- a moment in time, okay? They're looking at a moment. They're not looking at
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็žฌ้–“ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ไธ€็žฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใฎๅ…จๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
07:09
this whole period of time. They are not looking at a long period of time. They're looking
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้•ทใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
07:14
at a moment. All right, so let's do some questions to see how much you guys remember.
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ไธ€็žฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ• ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:20
Okay. So let's do some questions together. I have a blank; I will tell you the verb;
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็ฉบ็™ฝใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:28
I want you to tell me is it simple past? Is it -- it doesn't matter if you don't know
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ๆ•™ใˆใฆๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
07:35
what it is, but just tell me if it's simple past or not simple past, okay? Based on the
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ˜็ด”ใช ้ŽๅŽปใ‹ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ ใ‘ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:43
time words you see. So let's get started. No. 1: "Yesterday, I ______ a movie." So the
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ No. 1: ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏ______ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
07:52
verb is "see". "Yesterday, I see a movie"; "Yesterday, I've seen a movie"; or "Yesterday,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€; ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€; ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€
08:00
I saw a movie"? What do you think it is? Do you think it's simple past or present or future?
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็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ€็พๅœจใ€ๆœชๆฅใฎใฉใ‚Œใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:09
It is simple past: "saw". How do we know it's simple past? We have our key clue: "Yesterday".
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ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ใจใ„ใ†้‡่ฆใชๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:23
Okay? So let's try No. 2: "Just now, I ______ my
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€No. 2 ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ŒไปŠใ€็งใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’______ใ—ใฆ
08:31
homework." So we can say, "do my homework", "did my homework", "have done my homework".
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:41
Do you think this is an example of simple past or something else? Let's see. Here is
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎไพ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ไป–ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ™ใ‹? ใฉใ‚Œใฉใ‚Œใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
08:50
our clue: "just now". Was this one of the words you saw before? It was. So what does
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็งใŸใกใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉไปŠใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปฅๅ‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ1ใคใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
08:58
that mean? "Just now I did -- sorry about my writing. Just now I did my homework." So
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉไปŠใ€็งใฏ ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚็งใฎๆ›ธใ่พผใฟใง็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉไปŠใ€็งใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:08
again, because we see this, we know what form the verb should take.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ๅฝขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:15
No. 3: "I _______ to China before." What's our time expression here? We have the word
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No. 3: ใ€Œ็งใฏ_______ๅ‰ใซไธญๅ›ฝใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฎ่กจ็พใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œไปฅๅ‰ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
09:26
"before". Here is our clue. Was "before" one of the words on the list? Do you think "I
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‰ใ€ ใฏใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ—ใŸใ‹? ใ€Œ็ง
09:37
went to China before"? Or "I have been to China before?" What do you think? It is not
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ใฏๅ‰ใซไธญๅ›ฝใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏไปฅๅ‰ใซ ไธญๅ›ฝใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
09:50
simple present. No simple present. I'm just going to put an "X" here. I won't explain
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ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ€ŒXใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:57
which tense it is, but just know "before" is not simple present -- not simple present.
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ใฉใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‹ใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅ‰ใ€ ใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:03
What am I saying? Simple past, okay? It is not simple past.
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ไฝ•่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ไฟบใฏ๏ผŸ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:10
"Last week I _______ shopping." Okay? So what is the clue here? Here is our expression,
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€็งใฏ_______่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ่กจ็พ
10:22
our time expression: "last week". Is this simple past or is this something else? "Last
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ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ่กจ็พใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅˆฅใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œ
10:32
week I go shopping"; "Last week I went shopping"; "Last week I have been shopping"? What do
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€; ใ€Œๅ…ˆ้€ฑ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€; ใ€Œๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€็งใฏ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€๏ผŸ ใฉใ†
10:40
you think? If you said "simple past", you are correct. "I went shopping." Good. Okay.
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ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ "็งใฏ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚" ่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:50
No. 5: "At the moment, I ______ to school." So we can have different verbs for this, but
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No. 5: ใ€ŒไปŠใ€็งใฏ______ๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
11:05
this is our clue: "At the moment". Was this on the list before, "at the moment"? If you
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€. ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏใ€Œ็พๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใซใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:15
think, "No, it wasn't on the list", you are correct. "At the moment, I went to school"?
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ใ€Œใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใŸๆ–นใ€ ๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปŠใ€็งใฏๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€๏ผŸ
11:22
No. "At the moment, I go to school." So this is not simple past.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€ŒไปŠใฏๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:29
No. 6: "I never ______ French." So "I never" -- we'll say the verb is "learn". Do you think
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No. 6: ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ ______ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅญฆใถใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:41
it's, "I never learned French"? "I've never learned French"? What do you think? Is it
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’็ฟ’ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’็ฟ’ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:48
simple past? Here is our clue word: "Never". It is not a simple past sentence. If you see
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ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปๆ–‡ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œneverใ€ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆ
11:59
"never" -- not simple past. It would be "I've never learned French."
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-- ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’็ฟ’ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:08
No. 7, last one: "Four years ago, I _______ to Toronto." So we'll say the verb is "move".
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No. 7 ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚‚ใฎ: ใ€Œ4 ๅนดๅ‰ใ€็งใฏ ________ ใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็งปๅ‹•ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:21
Do you think it's "I moved to Toronto", "I moved to Toronto", or "I have moved"? What
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ใ€Œใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใซๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฆใใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใซๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฆใใŸ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใฆใใŸใ€ใฎใฉใ‚Œใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
12:30
is our clue here? Can you find the clue? Ding, ding, ding, ding! "Ago". "Four years ago I..."
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€ ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณ๏ผ "ๅ‰ใซ"ใ€‚ ใ€Œ4ๅนดๅ‰ใฎ็งใฏโ€ฆใ€
12:42
-- what is it? It is simple past. "...I moved to Toronto." So again, when you see these
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โ€•โ€•ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•๏ผŸ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œโ€ฆ็งใฏใƒˆใƒญใƒณใƒˆใซๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใพใ— ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
12:55
words, you know what it is: simple past or past simple. It doesn't matter which one you
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปใพใŸใฏ ้ŽๅŽปๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
13:02
call it. Different people use different terms. Okay.
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไบบใŒใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็”จ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
13:08
So the main thing I want you to remember from this video is there are expressions you can
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ใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ไธปใชใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’
13:13
use to help you know what tense you should write the verb. Another thing I want to say
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ใฉใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงๆ›ธใในใใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจ
13:20
is these things you really need to practice. You need to practice, practice, practice,
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™. ็ทด็ฟ’ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ€
13:25
and get used to thinking of "yesterday -- oh, simple past". "Never -- not simple past."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใ€ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
13:33
So if you want to do more practice, I would like to invite you to our website: www.engvid.com.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็ง ใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:41
On this website, I will have a list of different questions similar to this where you can to
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใซไผผใŸใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ณชๅ•ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
13:48
a lot more practice. Okay, so until next time, take care, and thanks for watching.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกๅ›žใพใง ใŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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