English for Beginners: Countable & Uncountable Nouns

1,271,012 views ใƒป 2018-09-25

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
00:01
My name is Emma, and in today's video I'm going to teach you about countable and uncountable nouns.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ ใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:08
We can also call these "count nouns" and "non-count nouns".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ€Œๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ๅ่ฉžใ€ใจใ€Œๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
So, let's begin by first talking about: What is a noun?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใš ใ€ใ€Œๅ่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:17
So, a noun is a word that is a person...
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ่ฉž ใฏไบบใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™... ไบบใ‚’่กจใ™ใ“ใจใŒ
00:23
It can be a person, so: "Emma", that's a noun; "teacher", that's a noun.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใ‚จใƒžใ€ ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:30
It can be a place.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:31
"Russia" is a noun.
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ใ€Œใƒญใ‚ทใ‚ขใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:34
"School" is a noun.
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ใ€Œๅญฆๆ กใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
It can be an animal; a dog.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็Šฌใ€‚
00:39
"Dog" is a noun.
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ใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:42
The word "cat" is a noun.
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ใ€Œ็Œซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:43
It can also be a thing.
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ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:46
This marker...
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ใ“ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผโ€ฆ
00:47
The word "marker" is a noun.
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ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:51
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:52
And it can also be a feeling.
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ใพใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:54
"Happiness" is a noun.
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ใ€Œๅนธ็ฆใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:56
So, a noun is a person, a place, a thing, an object, an animal.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ่ฉžใฏไบบใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ ใ€็‰ฉใ€็‰ฉใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
01:03
There are many things that are nouns.
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ๅ่ฉžใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:05
What a noun is not is it's not an action, like a verb; it's not a description, like
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ๅ่ฉžใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ‹•ไฝœใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:13
an adjective; and it's not a preposition, like the word "on" or "off".
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒ•ใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:19
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:20
A noun is, like I've said before, one of these things.
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ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€ๅ‰ใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
01:25
So, in English...
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ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง...
01:26
Well, actually, first let's do something.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใพใš ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:29
Let's underline the nouns just to make sure we have this concept.
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ใ“ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅ่ฉžใซไธ‹็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:33
So, my first sentence is: "Canada is a large country."
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฏๅคงใใชๅ›ฝใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:38
So let's underline the nouns, here.
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ใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅ่ฉžใซไธ‹็ทšใ‚’ๅผ•ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:41
Well, "Canada" is a place, so we know "Canada" is a noun; "is" is a verb; "large" - this
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ใ€ŒCanadaใ€ใฏๅ ดๆ‰€ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€ŒCanadaใ€ ใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคงใ€ - ใ“ใ‚Œ
01:51
is a description; "country".
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ใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใ™ใ€‚ "ๅ›ฝ"ใ€‚
01:54
"Country" is a place; this is also a noun.
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ใ€Œๅ›ฝใ€ใฏๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:58
"My teacher is funny".
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚
02:02
"Teacher" is a person, so this is a noun; "funny" is a description, it's an adjective,
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใฏไบบใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ "funny" ใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž
02:11
it's not a noun.
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:13
"The dog", so we have "dog" is an animal; "cats", "cats" are nouns; and we have the
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ใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็Šฌใ€ใฏๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œcatsใ€ใ€ใ€Œcatsใ€ใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
word, here, "friends".
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œๅ‹้”ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:25
The word "friend" is also a noun.
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ใ€Œๅ‹้”ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ ใ‚‚ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:27
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:29
So, these are all nouns.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
So, in English, we have two types of nouns; we have countable nouns and we have uncountable
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏ 2 ็จฎ้กžใฎๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„
02:42
nouns.
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ๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:45
It's important to know if a noun is countable or uncountable, because this is going to tell
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ๅ่ฉžใŒๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้‡่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:51
us if we use words, like: "a" in front of the word, and it will also tell us which words
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ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œaใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
02:58
we cannot use with these words.
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ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
03:01
So... And whether or not we need to add an "s" to the end of the noun if there's more than one.
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ใใ‚Œใง...ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
03:08
So, in this video, we are going to talk about countable nouns with many examples and uncountable nouns.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ ใ€ๅคšใใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:15
So, let's look at countable nouns first.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใพใšๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:17
Okay, so we're going to start with countable nouns first.
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ใงใฏใ€ใพใšๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:21
So, the first thing you need to know with a countable noun is when we have a countable
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
03:26
noun, we need to put an "a" or an "an" in front of it.
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ใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œaใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œanใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:31
So, for example: "I have a dog.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃ
03:38
I have a computer.
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ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
I have a lamp.
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ใƒฉใƒณใƒ—ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
I have a chair."
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ๆค…ๅญใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:43
So, notice I'm putting "a" in front of all of these.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œaใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:48
If the noun starts with a vowel sound, so for example: "a" is a vowel, "e", "i", "o",
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ๅ่ฉžใŒๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€Œaใ€ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใ€ใ€Œeใ€ใ€ใ€Œiใ€ใ€ใ€Œoใ€ใ€
03:57
"u" - these are all vowels.
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ใ€Œuใ€ใฏใ™ในใฆๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:00
And if it starts with a vowel sound, then we use "an".
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œanใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
"I have an apple.
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ใ€Œใƒชใƒณใ‚ดใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:07
I have an egg.
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ใ€‚ๅตใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:10
I have an ant."
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ใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒชใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:15
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:16
So, we use this if the first...
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ๅ˜่ชž
04:19
The first sound of the word is a vowel.
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ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้Ÿณ ใฏๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:23
So, the second thing you need to know is that with countable nouns a lot of the time we
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
04:30
can count them.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:31
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:32
So we can often...
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04:33
A countable noun is something you can count, or...
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจใฏ ใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใพใŸใฏ...
04:40
Usually it's something, or an animal, or, you know, a place - it's something you can
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้€šๅธธใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™
04:44
count.
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ใ€‚
04:45
So, for example: "I have a book."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆœฌใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:49
This is one book.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ1ๅ†Šใงใ™ใ€‚
04:52
"I have two books.", "I have three books."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆœฌใ‚’ 2 ๅ†ŠๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆœฌใ‚’ 3 ๅ†ŠๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:57
So, this...
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ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆ
04:59
You can count books and it's a countable noun.
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ๆœฌใ‚’ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:02
"I have two chairs.
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ใ€Œ็งใซใฏๆค…ๅญใŒ 2
05:04
I have five dresses."
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ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใŒ 5 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:07
These are all countable nouns.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:11
When we have more than one countable noun, so for example, here we have one, here we
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ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใŒ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ 1 ใคใ€ใ“ใ“ใง
05:17
have two.
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ใฏ 2 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
05:19
If we have more than one-so two, three, four, five, six-we need to add an "s".
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Š 2ใ€3ใ€4ใ€5ใ€6 ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:26
This shows us that there is more than one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:32
And also notice that we don't need this in front of the noun anymore.
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ใพใŸใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
05:37
So, we cannot say: "a books", because the "s" means there's more than one, so this would
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œa ๆœฌใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€Œsใ€ ใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
05:51
not match. Okay.
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ไธ€่‡ดใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:55
What else do we need?
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ไป–ใซไฝ•ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:56
So, we need an "s" or an "es" if we have more than one of this type of object or noun.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžใŒ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œesใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆ ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:03
Here's another example: "I have one sister.", "I have three sisters."
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใซใฏ 1 ไบบใฎ ๅง‰ๅฆนใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใซใฏ 3 ไบบใฎๅง‰ๅฆนใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:10
So, notice here, you can count the number of sisters I have, and so I've added an "s".
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅง‰ๅฆนใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ.
06:18
Now, we have some exceptions.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:21
For example, the word "moose".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใƒ ใƒผใ‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚ ใƒ ใƒผใ‚น
06:23
You can count the number of moose, but we never add an "s".
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ใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:27
It's...
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ใใ‚Œใฏ
06:28
It's a strange exception.
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... ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชไพ‹ๅค–ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
In English, you'll notice we have a lot of exceptions.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง ใฏใ€ๅคšใใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:32
We break rules a lot of times in English and that's okay.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’็ ดใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:37
It's the same with "fish".
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ใ€Œ้ญšใ€ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ญš
06:38
You can count the number of fish, but we don't...
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ใฎๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“...่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹
06:42
You change this word if there's more than one.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:44
I can't say: "I have five fishes."
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ใ€Œ ้ญšใŒ5ๅŒนใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:47
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:48
I would say: "I have five fish."
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็งใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ5ๅŒนใฎ้ญšใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:49
So, sometimes there are exceptions with count nouns or countable nouns.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใ‚„ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:55
Now let's look at: What is an uncountable noun, and how is it different?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†: ไธๅฏ็ฎ— ๅ่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใพใŸใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้•ใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
07:00
Okay, so we've talked about countable nouns; now we're going to talk about uncountable
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„
07:06
nouns or we can call them non-count nouns.
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ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
07:09
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:10
So that means the same thing.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:11
An uncountable noun is a noun where you do not use "a" or "an" in front of it.
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ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจใฏใ€ ใ€Œaใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œanใ€ใ‚’ๅ‰ใซใคใ‘ใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:19
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:20
So, for example, an uncountable noun is "happiness".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ ๅ่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:25
I do not say: "a happiness".
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็งใฏใ€Œๅนธใ›ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:29
Okay, so that's no.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚
07:33
So, we do not use "a" or "an".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œanใ€ใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:38
We also don't add "s" or "es".
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œesใ€ใ‚‚่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:41
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:43
And the reason we don't add "s" or "es" is because the idea of uncountable is you can't
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใชใ„็†็”ฑใฏ ใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆๆ–นใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„
07:49
count it.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:50
Now, there are many exceptions to this, but in general, an uncountable noun is something
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏๅคšใใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใฏ
07:56
you can't really count.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:58
So I want you to think, for example, of happiness.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐๅนธใ›ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:02
Can you count happiness?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนธใ›ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:04
Can you say: "One happiness, two happiness; my friend has five happiness"?
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ใ€Œ1ใคใฎๅนธใ›ใ€2ใคใฎ ๅนธใ›ใ€‚็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใซใฏ5ใคใฎๅนธใ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹?
08:10
You can't really count it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:13
It's the same with words, like: "sadness" or with, you know, "stress".
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ใ€Œๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:20
These are things that are abstract and they're things you can't really count.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:26
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:27
So, because of that, we do not add "s" or "es" to uncountable words.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใซใฏใ€Œsใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œesใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:38
Another thing you'll find with uncountable words, and this is where it kind of gets a
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
08:41
bit tricky, is a lot of uncountable nouns are actually categories.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ ๅ่ฉžใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:47
So, for example: "furniture" is an uncountable noun.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œfurnitureใ€ ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
08:53
In English, you don't count furniture.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๅฎถๅ…ทใฏๆ•ฐใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
08:57
So, you would...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ... ใ€Œๅฎถๅ…ทใ€
08:59
You would not add an "s" to the word "furniture"; it's always the same.
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ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:04
"I have furniture at my house."
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๅฎถใซใฏๅฎถๅ…ทใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:08
I do not say: "I have a furniture."
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ใ€Œ็ง ใฏๅฎถๅ…ทใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:11
No.
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09:12
In English, you can't do that.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:13
You say: "I have furniture."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๅฎถๅ…ทใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:16
There is no "a" or "an".
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ใ€Œaใ€ใ‚‚ใ€Œanใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:19
It's the same with the word "clothes".
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ใ€Œๆœใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:21
"Clothes" never changes; it always stays the same.
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ใ€Œๆœใ€ใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅธธใซๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚
09:25
I cannot say: "I have a clothes."
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ใ€Œ็ง ใฏๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:29
I cannot say: "I have four clothes."
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ใ€Œ็ง ใฏ4ใคใฎๆœใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:32
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:33
In English, we can't do this, and this is because these are categories.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:38
It's the same with "money".
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ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:40
And a lot of students get really frustrated with this, because in their language, you
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ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿ ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซไธๆบ€ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใฏใ€
09:45
can count these things.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:46
So, I understand that and I understand, you know, languages are very different, but in
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€่จ€่ชžใฏ้žๅธธใซ็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
09:53
English you cannot count these things in the same way.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
09:58
They're considered categories.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:59
So, in English, I cannot say: "I have five money."
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ ใ€ŒI have five money.ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:06
And I also don't add an "s" to "money".
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ใพใŸ ใ€ใ€Œmoneyใ€ใซใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:09
It always stays the same.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚
10:11
I can say: "I have a lot of money" or "I have no money", but I can't actually put a number
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใซใฏใŠ้‡‘ใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใŠ้‡‘ใฎๅ‰ใซๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
10:18
in front of money.
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.
10:20
So, what can you do is...
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ใงใฏใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ...
10:22
We're looking at categories, there, but within each category there are things you can count.
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ใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅ„ใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชๅ†…ใซใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:27
So, for example: "furniture" is uncountable, but tables, chairs, desks, refrigerators,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฎถๅ…ทใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ€ๆค…ๅญใ€ๆœบใ€ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซใ€
10:37
ovens - these are all things we can count.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใชใฉใฏใ™ในใฆ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:39
So, "furniture" does not have an "s", but these other words do within the category.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฎถๅ…ทใ€ใซใฏใ€Œsใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไป–ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชๅ†…ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:46
"Clothes", again, we never change it; it always is the same, but types of clothes we can have
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ใ€Œๆœใ€ใ‚‚ใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅค‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅธธใซๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœใฎ็จฎ้กžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
10:55
as countable.
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ใ€‚
10:56
So, we can have five dresses, you know, 10 socks.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใฏ 5 ็€ใ€้ดไธ‹ใฏ 10 ็€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:03
So, you can count a lot of clothes.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆœใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:06
With "money", we don't...
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ใ€Œmoneyใ€ใงใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
11:09
Like I said, we don't add an "s", but we can count coins.
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... ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ‚ณใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:12
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:13
So we can count coins.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚ณใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:15
"I have five coins.
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใ‚คใƒณใŒ5ๆžšใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:18
I have seven bills."
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ใ€‚ใŠๆœญใŒ7ๆžšใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
11:21
So, within the category, you can count, but the category itself we cannot put an "s" on
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชๅ†…ใงใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒช่‡ชไฝ“ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
11:30
that because it is an uncountable noun.
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.
11:35
A lot of the times different types of food and different types of drinks are also uncountable.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚‚ๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:41
So, for example: "milk".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็‰›ไนณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:44
We do not count milk.
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็‰›ไนณใฏๆ•ฐใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:46
In English, we can't say: "I have one milk.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ ใ€ŒI have one milk.
11:49
I have six milk."
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I have six milk.ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:52
What we can do is we can add a container to this word or we can add an amount, so that's
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็งใŸใกใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒŠใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€้‡‘้กใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
11:59
okay.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:00
So, what we can say is: "I have a glass of milk."
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ณใƒƒใƒ—ไธ€ๆฏใฎ็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:07
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:08
Or: "I have five glasses of milk.", "I have two cups of milk."
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ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œ็งใฏ 5 ๆฏใฎ็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ 2 ๆฏใฎ็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
12:17
So, "milk" itself never changes, but the quantity or the amount can.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็‰›ไนณใ€่‡ชไฝ“ใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€้‡ใ‚„้‡ใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:23
It's the same with, for example, "juice".
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:26
"I have eight cups of juice", but "juice" itself...
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ8ๆฏใฎใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€่‡ชไฝ“...
12:31
The word "juice", we can never say "juices".
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ€ใจใฏ ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:34
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:35
So that...
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ใจใ„ใ†
12:36
It doesn't change because it's an uncountable noun.
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ใ“ใจใฏโ€ฆ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
12:39
And we'll look at more examples of this in full sentences in a moment.
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ใ™ใใซ ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใงใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:43
"Mustard" or "ketchup", these are more examples.
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ใ€Œใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‰ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ฑใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎไพ‹ใงใ™.
12:47
We do not say: "I have 10 or 20 mustards."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’10ๅ€‹ใ‹20ๅ€‹ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
12:50
No.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆ
12:51
We can't count this, so we always keep it the same; or we can add a container or a quantity.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅธธใซ ๅŒใ˜ใซไฟใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใƒŠใพใŸใฏๆ•ฐ้‡ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:58
"I have five bottles of mustard."
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ใ€Œใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‰ใŒ5 ๆœฌใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
13:01
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:02
So...
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ใใ†โ€ฆโ€ฆ
13:03
And it's the same with these words, too.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:05
"I have 10 pieces of furniture."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ10ๅ€‹ใฎๅฎถๅ…ทใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
13:08
So, we can put a quantity in front, but the actual word itself is an uncountable noun.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้‡ใ‚’ๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ˜่ชž่‡ชไฝ“ใฏไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
13:13
So, let's look at more examples of this.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
13:16
Okay, so we're going to do a little bit of practice; but before we begin, I want to again
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ใงใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€็งใŒ
13:22
say that there are many, many exceptions to what I am saying, meaning usually this is...
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ.
13:31
What I'm telling you is the truth or what I'm telling you is accurate, but every so
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€
13:34
often there are some words that are not going to follow these rules.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:38
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:39
So, when you come across these words, just remember: Don't get frustrated; English is
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซๅ‡บใใ‚ใ—ใŸใจใใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชž
13:45
not a perfect language and not everything follows the rules, but we're trying our best.
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ใฏๅฎŒ็’งใช่จ€่ชžใงใฏใชใใ€ใ™ในใฆ ใŒใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
So, let's look at some of these nouns and I want you to tell me: Are they countable
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ่ฉžใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€
13:56
or uncountable?
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ใงใ™ใ‹?
13:59
The first one is "English".
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1ใค็›ฎใฏใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:02
English is a thing, it's a language, it's a noun.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€่จ€่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
14:05
Can we count English?
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:07
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:08
Would we say: "I have a English"?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:13
Can I say: "Englishes"?
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ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:15
No.
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14:16
So, "English" is uncountable.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:20
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:23
It never changes; it always stays the same.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅธธใซๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚
14:27
You can say: "I like English."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒEnglish
14:29
There is no "a" in front of "English".
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ใ€ใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œaใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:32
What about "student"?
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ใ€Œๅญฆ็”Ÿใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:35
Can you count student?
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ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:39
Teachers do this all the time; they count the number of students in their class.
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ๆ•™ๅธซใฏๅธธใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:42
"There are 10 students in my class", so "students" is countable.
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใฏ 10 ไบบใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€ ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ็”Ÿๅพ’ใ€ใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็”Ÿๅพ’ๆ•ฐ
14:50
So, if I want to count students...
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ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ...
14:57
Maybe there are five students, so I could put a five here.
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ 5 ไบบใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ 5 ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:01
And if there's more than one, what do I have to do with a countable noun?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
15:06
We add an "s": "students".
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"s": "students" ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:11
What about this word: "bottle"?
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ใ“ใฎใ€Œใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:12
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:13
Like, a bottle of water.
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ๆฐดใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
15:16
Can you count bottles?
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ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:18
Yes, you can.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:20
So, we consider "bottles" countable.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ€Œใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€ใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:25
"I have one bottle.", "I have five bottles."
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ใ€Œ1 ๆœฌใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€Œ5ๆœฌใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€
15:29
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:30
So, in this case, imagine I have one, I can say: "I have a bottle."
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŒ 1 ๆœฌๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:37
It's a countable noun.
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
15:40
"Water".
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"ๆฐด"ใ€‚
15:42
Can we count water?
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ๆฐดใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:44
"Water" is considered uncountable.
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ใ€Œๆฐดใ€ใฏ ไธๅฏ็ฎ—ใจใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:50
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:53
Now, you might be yelling at your computer, saying: "But I can count water!
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆฐดใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ
16:01
I can!"
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๏ผ ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆ๏ผใ€ใจๆ€’้ณดใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:02
And you might have water, here, and say: "Look, this is a water."
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆฐดใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฐดใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:09
But this is actually not a water; this is a bottle of water.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆฐดใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฐดใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
16:14
"Water" itself we don't count.
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ใ€Œๆฐดใ€่‡ชไฝ“ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:17
We count water in bottles, or in litres, or in jugs.
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ๆฐดใฏใƒœใƒˆใƒซ ใ€ใƒชใƒƒใƒˆใƒซใ€ๆฐดๅทฎใ—ใงๆ•ฐใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:22
So, "water" itself is uncountable.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๆฐดใ€่‡ชไฝ“ ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:25
We do not add an "s".
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ใ€Œsใ€ใฏไป˜ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:27
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
16:28
It is uncountable.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่จˆใ‚Š็Ÿฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:29
But "bottle" or "a bottle of water" is something we can count.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ ๆฐดใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
16:36
"Cellphone".
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"ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑ"ใ€‚
16:39
Can we count cellphones?
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ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:43
Cellphones are countable; they are a countable noun.
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ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
16:48
So, if we have more than one cellphone...
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑ
16:52
If we have two cellphones, we're very lucky - we can add an "s".
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ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ... ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ 2 ใคๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ้žๅธธใซๅนธ้‹ใงใ™ใ€‚"s" ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:57
What about "shoe"?
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ใ€Œ้ดใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
17:00
"Shoe", we can actually say "shoes".
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ใ€Œ้ดใ€ใ€ ๅฎŸใฏใ€Œ้ดใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
17:03
Shoes are countable.
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้ดใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
17:04
"I have shoes."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ้ดใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
17:08
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
17:10
I have...
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I have...
17:11
"I have one shoe.
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ้ดใ‚’ 1 ใคๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:12
Here are two shoes, three shoes, four shoes", so we can count shoes.
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ใ“ใ“ใซ 2 ใคใฎ้ดใ€3 ใคใฎ้ดใ€ 4 ใคใฎ้ดใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใชใฎใงใ€้ดใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:19
We often talk about "a pair of shoes", but we can also count shoes individually.
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ใ€Œไธ€่ถณใฎ้ดใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ดใ‚’ๅ€‹ๅˆฅใซๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:25
What about "sadness"?
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ใ€Œๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใ€ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:29
Can you count sadness?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:30
Can you say: "Oh, that man, he's really sad - look, he has 100 sadnesses"?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใฎ็”ทใ€ๅฝผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ - ใปใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใฏ100ใฎๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€๏ผŸ
17:36
No.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€
17:37
We cannot count sadness; it's a feeling.
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ๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐ—ๆŒใกใงใ™ใ€‚
17:40
It's something we can't really count.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใก ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
17:45
This is uncountable, so we do not add "a".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œ ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใฏไป˜ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:50
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
17:51
I can say: "I have sadness"; there's no "a" in front of it.
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ใ€Œ็งใซใฏๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œaใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:58
Last one we're going to look at here: "coffee".
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:00
So, coffee...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผ
18:02
Remember food...
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... ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
18:04
Or food and drinks are often uncountable.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใฏ ๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
18:09
We can talk about a cup of coffee, but we're counting the cup.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผ 1 ๆฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:14
Coffee itself we consider uncountable.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผ่‡ชไฝ“ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ ๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:20
So, usually we don't say "coffees".
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้€šๅธธใฏ ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:27
Okay, but again, there's always exceptions and sometimes people use...
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใงใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅธธใซ ไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ™‚ใซใฏไบบใ€…ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...
18:33
You know, they might go to a restaurant and actually...
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ...
18:35
They might say: "I'll have a coffee", so you might actually hear that.
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ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ† ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
18:39
It's going against the grammar rule, but people are starting to say things like that.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:44
I don't want to confuse you more, but in terms of the grammar rule, "coffee" is uncountable.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:51
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
18:53
So now let's look at a couple other words we use which are important when we're learning
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใถใจใใซ้‡่ฆใชใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
18:57
about countable and uncountable.
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.
18:59
Okay, so we've talked about countable and uncountable nouns.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
19:04
Now, there are some words we use with only countable nouns and other words we use only
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใ ใ‘ใงไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰
19:10
with uncountable nouns.
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ใจใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ ใ‘ใงไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:12
So, right now we're going to learn about "many" and "much".
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ไปŠๅ›žใฏ ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:17
So, let's start with "many" because it's a little easier.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฎใงใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
19:22
"Many" is used with countable nouns, and it means a lot.
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"many" ใฏๅฏ็ฎ— ๅ่ฉžใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
19:26
So, for example: "I have a lot of friends.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็ง ใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:30
I have many friends."
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็งใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
19:33
So, it's when we're not giving a specific number.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
19:37
"I have five friends" I can say, but I can also say: "I have many friends."
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ใ€Œ็งใซใฏ 5 ไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œ็งใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
19:43
Maybe I have 10 dogs.
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10ๅŒนใใ‚‰ใ„้ฃผใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€‚
19:46
That's not true, but imagine that.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:48
That's a lot of dogs, so I can say: "I have many dogs."
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็Šฌใชใฎใงใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใซ
19:53
We use "many" for countable nouns.
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ใฏใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
19:55
A way to remember is, like I said before, you use "an" or "a" with countable nouns,
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่ฆšใˆๆ–นใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ€Œanใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œaใ€ใ‚’ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใงไฝฟ็”จใ—
20:04
and "many" has "an" in it.
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ใ€ใ€Œmanyใ€ใซใฏใ€Œanใ€ใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:07
That's a little memory trick.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ่จ˜ๆ†ถ่ก“ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:08
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
20:09
So if you want to remember: "many" - oh, "an", "an"; we use "an" for countable nouns - we
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œๅคšใใฎใ€-ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ€Œanใ€ใ€ ใ€Œanใ€; ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใฏใ€Œanใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซ
20:15
use "many" for countable nouns.
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ใฏใ€Œmanyใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:17
"Much" is used for uncountable nouns.
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ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใฏ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:22
So, "much" means the same thing.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
20:24
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
20:25
It means a lot, and we use "much" for uncountable.
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:29
So, for example: "money".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
20:31
I told you before money is uncountable, so we could say: "I don't have much money.
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ใŠ้‡‘ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใง ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใพใ‚ŠใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ
20:39
I don't have much furniture.
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ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฎถๅ…ทใ‚‚ใ‚ใพใ‚ŠๆŒใฃใฆ
20:42
I don't have much coffee."
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ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚‚ใ‚ใพใ‚ŠๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
20:44
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
20:45
So, "much" is used with uncountable nouns.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œmuchใ€ใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:49
Now, a lot of students get really stressed about this, and they say: "'Much', 'many',
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
20:55
'count', 'uncountable' - ugh, this is terrible.
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ใ€‚
20:57
I don't remember any of it."
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21:00
Here is the trick.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
21:02
This is good to learn, but if you don't know and you're really stressed, you can use "a
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใš ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
21:08
lot" for both countable and uncountable nouns.
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ใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใฎไธกๆ–นใซใ€Œa lotใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:12
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
21:13
So: "I don't have a lot of money.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’
21:16
I don't have a lot of friends.", "I have a lot of friends.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚็งใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅ‹้”ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:21
I have a lot of money."
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็งใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
21:23
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
21:24
So, if you don't know, use this.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:30
So, we've learned a lot today about countable and uncountable nouns, and this is something
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ
21:35
that requires a lot of practice.
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ๅคšใใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
21:38
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
21:39
So, I invite you to come check out our website at www.engvid.com, and there you can actually
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ใใ“ใงใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:45
do a quiz where you can practice identifying countable and uncountable nouns, and using
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใฆ ใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ่ฉžใจๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ—ใ€
21:53
these in sentences.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ–‡็ซ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:54
So, I highly recommend you take our quiz.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ง ใŸใกใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:56
I also recommend you subscribe to my channel, because there are a lot more resources on
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ใพใŸใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ไฝœๆ–‡ใ€่ชญ่งฃใชใฉใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—
22:01
all sorts of different topics, related to grammar, vocabulary, writing, reading, and
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22:08
many more. So, thank you for watching, and until next time, take care.
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ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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