Slang in English: 'What the hell' and other HELL expressions

952,005 views ・ 2012-01-11

English with Emma


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Hi. My name is Emma, and today we have an excellent lesson for you on the difference
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between "past" versus "passed." So "p-a-s-t" versus "p-a-s-s-e-d." Now, you might be wondering,
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these words, they sound the same. You're right. They are what are known as homonyms, meaning
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they sound the same, but they have two completely different meanings. Now, this lesson is actually
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quite important. Native speakers often make mistakes with the difference between "past"
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and "passed," and so do ESL speakers. So if you're doing a test like the TOEFL, IELTS,
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it's very handy to know the difference in spelling and meaning because there is a good
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chance that you will lose marks if you make a mistake on these. Okay. So to begin with,
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I will explain "past." Now, when I talk about "past," I want you to think "time." Think
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"time." That's a key word. Think "time." When I talk about "p-a-s-s-e-d," I want you to
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think "movement." So think "time" for "past" and think "movement" for "past." Okay. So
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I'll start by explaining the word "past." P-a-s-t. Now, on this board, I have -- it
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shows that it's a noun, an adjective, as well as a preposition. What "past" is not is a
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verb. So verb, no. Pretty much, as a noun, "past" means "before the present moment."
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So for example, it's a period before now. So think about this. What was popular in the
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past? In the past, tamagotchis were popular. In the past, big hair was popular. In the
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past, pocket watches were popular. They're not popular anymore. So when we think about
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the past, we're thinking "before now." If you think about it, when we're talking about
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tense in English, we have the past tense, the present tense, and the future tense. The
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past tense refers to before the present, before now. Okay. Next, we have "past" as an adjective.
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The good thing is it means essentially the same thing as "past" as a noun. Again, it
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means "before." Currently, as an example, right now in Germany, the leader of Germany
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is a woman. Okay, so the leader of Germany is a woman. Past leaders have all been men.
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So right now, leader is a woman. Past leaders have all been men.
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Now what is an adjective, in case you're wondering? What an adjective does is it describes a noun.
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In the sentence I just said, "leader" is the noun, and we're describing the noun "leader"
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using "past." What type of leader? Leaders from before. Past leaders. Okay. Lastly, this
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is when it gets a little bit confusing. "Past" as a preposition. "Past" as a preposition,
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"past" as a preposition, I told you to think time. I still want you to think time, but
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whereas for the noun and the adjective I was talking about before, when I use "past" as
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a preposition, I'm talking about after. So what is an example of this? Well, right now,
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it's 5.20. This is the time. 5.20. Now if I want to use "past," I can say when somebody
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asks me, "What time is it?" I can say, "It's 5.20." I can say, "It's 20 minutes after 5."
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Or I can also say, "It's 20 minutes past 5." So we're still talking about time here, but
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in the case of a preposition, when you're talking about the actual time on your watch,
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you're talking about after, the time after something.
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Another preposition using "past," this one does not have to do with time. So the one-time
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"past" does not have to do with time. I will give you an example. "The house past the church."
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"The house past the church." "The house past the church." This also means after. What house
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am I talking about? The house after the church. So when we use "past" as a preposition, we're
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talking about after, whereas when we use "past" as a noun and an adjective, we're talking
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about before.
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So now let's talk about "past." Again, pronounce the exact same, but spelled differently. Now
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what do you notice when you look at this word? P-A-S-S-E-D. That right there gives us a clue.
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E-D, we're looking actually at a verb. We're looking at the past participle of the verb
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to pass. As I said before, I want you to think "movement." Verbs are actions. They're movement.
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So "past" is a verb. It has multiple meanings. We'll go through some of them, but I really
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want you to think "movement."
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So the first meaning of the verb "pass" means to go by. I'll give you an example. Did you
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see what I just did? I passed the board. The board is on my side. I moved past the board.
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I passed the board. Today, on my way to work, I passed the mall. So the mall was on my side.
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I didn't go into the mall. When I was walking, I passed the mall.
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We often use this too when we're talking about driving. I'm a very, very slow driver. Cars
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in the other lane, they often pass me, meaning they're driving faster than me. So when I'm
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here, they move past me. They pass me.
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A second meaning of the verb "passed" is to go away. Earlier today, I had a really bad
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headache. My headache passed. My headache went by. It's gone. Maybe you're feeling dizzy,
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and then you stop feeling dizzy. Your dizziness has passed. We use it in the sense a lot with
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illness, with sickness, and it just means, again, to go away.
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Now finally, my favourite, "to succeed in school". We use "passed" talking about success
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and succeeding when we're talking about school. I think a lot of you probably are students,
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and maybe you have to take a test, an English test, at some point. I hope you pass your
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test, meaning I hope you succeed at your test. Passing your test, I passed the test.
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Now what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you some examples that we can do together
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to show the difference between "passed" and "passed". Here are some examples to show you
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the difference between "passed" and "passed". We're going to do these together. I want you
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to read each one. We'll read it together, and then I want you to try to answer it. Not
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only do I want you to try to answer it, but I really want you to think, "Are we talking
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about an adjective, a noun, a verb, or a preposition?" Because remember, "passed" is movement. It's
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a verb, while "passed" is not a verb. It's either a noun, an adjective, or a preposition.
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Let's get started. Number one, "I _______ the supermarket on my way to school." "I _______
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the supermarket on my way to school." What do you think it is? If you said, "I passed
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the supermarket on my way to school," you are correct. "I" is the subject, "passed"
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is the verb, and the rest is the object. All right, you ready for number two?
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Number two, "In the _______ dinosaurs walked the earth." "In the _______ dinosaurs walked
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the earth." What do you think it is? "Passed" or "passed"? If you said, "passed," you are
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correct. This is not a verb. In this case, it's a noun. "In the _______ dinosaurs walked
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the earth." Before today, before now, a long time ago, dinosaurs walked the earth.
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Number three, now this example I really like because I used to be an archaeologist. What
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is an archaeologist, some of you might be asking? It's somebody who studies old things,
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old objects, pottery, pyramids. Indiana Jones is a very famous fictional archaeologist.
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Maybe you've learned a new word today. Number three, "Archaeologists study _______ cultures."
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"Archaeologists study _______ cultures." Do you think it's "passed" or "passed"?
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Now look at this. Do you see a verb already here? Yes, we have the verb, "study". Therefore,
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we know it won't be this one. "Archaeologists study _______ cultures."
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Now my next question to you is, do you think this is a noun or an adjective? If you said
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noun, you're actually incorrect. It's an adjective because our noun is "culture". What type of
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culture is it? It's a past culture, meaning a culture from before, from a long time ago.
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Last one, "I _______ my test by studying _______ tests." In this one, we have two blanks. "I
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_______ my test by studying _______ tests." What do you think it is? The first blank, do
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you see a verb in this first section? We have a subject, an object. We don't have a verb.
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Therefore, we know it's going to be "passed". Which meaning of "passed" is it? It's to succeed
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at a test. The opposite of "failed". "I passed my test" -- that's very good -- "by studying
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_______ tests." What do you think this is? If you said "passed", you're correct. "I passed
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my test by studying _______ tests." Here we have the noun "test". What type of test is
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it? It's a test from before, an earlier test. This is actually a really good thing to do
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if you're doing the TOEFL, the IELTS, any type of English test. It's always very good
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to actually go back and look at past tests. I hope this has been an informative lesson
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for you. I'm very glad you came to visit our website today. Please visit us at www.engvid.com.
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Again, that's www.engvid.com. Until next time.
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[END]
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