Academic Vocabulary for Essays & IELTS Writing: 15 cause and effect POWER VERBS

188,533 views

2018-11-13 ใƒป English with Alex


New videos

Academic Vocabulary for Essays & IELTS Writing: 15 cause and effect POWER VERBS

188,533 views ใƒป 2018-11-13

English with Alex


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hey, everyone.
0
2669
1000
์•ˆ๋…• ๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค.
00:03
I'm Alex.
1
3669
1000
์ €๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:04
Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on cause and effect verbs.
2
4669
4550
ํด๋ฆญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
So, this is an academic writing lesson.
3
9219
3641
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
In this lesson, you will learn some advanced vocabulary, specifically verbs, that you can
4
12860
6030
์ด ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ๋Š”
00:18
use in your high school or university essays; or if you are an English student who is taking
5
18890
7420
๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜, ํŠนํžˆ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
00:26
the IELTS or the TOEFL, you can use these verbs to really level up your writing in your
6
26310
7760
IELTS๋‚˜ TOEFL์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
00:34
writing tasks on those tests.
7
34070
2320
ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
Okay?
8
36390
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:37
Now, if you are a writer of another sort; if you are an essayist, a fiction writer,
9
37390
5230
์ž, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ผ๋ฉด; ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•„๊ฐ€, ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€,
00:42
a non-fiction writer, or you want to be a writer in the future - it never hurts to have
10
42620
8219
๋…ผํ”ฝ์…˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:50
more vocabulary, to have more power verbs in your arsenal.
11
50839
4331
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋‚˜์  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
So, what we're going to do today is improve your vocabulary for your writing and really
12
55170
6659
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
01:01
make your writing that much stronger.
13
61829
2201
์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
So, I'm going to put this down, and let's start looking at some verbs.
14
64030
6339
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Specifically, we are going to look at some effect verbs first.
15
70369
4170
๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จผ์ € ์ผ๋ถ€ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
So, when you think of "effect", you think of the result of something.
16
74539
5580
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "ํšจ๊ณผ"๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
So, we have the verbs: "cause", "produce"; and we have verb phrases, like: "lead to",
17
80119
8540
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "cause", "produce"; "lead to",
01:28
"result in"; and we have: "create", "bring about", "give rise to", and "be responsible for".
18
88659
8711
"result in"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค", "๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋‹ค", "์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋‹ค", "์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
So, these are all formal verbs, and these will definitely formalize your writing; specifically
19
97370
6379
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜•์‹ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ˜•์‹ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ํŠนํžˆ
01:43
your essays.
20
103749
1000
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—์„ธ์ด.
01:44
So, for example: "cause" - very direct.
21
104749
3811
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "์›์ธ"์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Right?
22
108560
1000
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
01:49
So: "The 2008 financial crisis caused several problems for multinational banks."
23
109560
7519
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "2008๋…„ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ์€ํ–‰์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:57
So, this crisis caused these things to happen.
24
117079
4110
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
All right?
25
121189
1640
๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
02:02
Let's continue with: "produce". Okay?
26
122829
2981
๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž: "์ƒ์‚ฐ". ์ข‹์•„์š”?
02:05
So, to produce, create, cause.
27
125810
3360
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
"The medication did not produce the desired effect."
28
129170
5379
"์•ฝ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:14
So, the medication was supposed to numb the pain, but it didn't do this.
29
134549
6401
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋งˆ๋น„์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
It didn't produce the desired effect.
30
140950
3110
์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
So, again, "to produce", think of it in the same family of words as: "cause", "produce",
31
144060
6670
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, "์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” "์›์ธ", "์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋‹ค", "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:30
and "create", which we'll see a little bit later on.
32
150730
3700
๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Next we have: "lead to".
33
154430
3559
๋‹ค์Œ์€ "lead to"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
So, if something leads to something else, this means that it causes the next step to happen.
34
157989
9241
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
So, the next step is the effect.
35
167230
2360
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
02:49
So, for example: "Several international incidents led to World War II."
36
169590
8720
๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ œ 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด."
02:58
So, we're talking about international events, international incidents that led to - gave
37
178310
7899
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:06
the cause for World War II.
38
186209
2711
์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
So, if something leads to something else, you know, you do this thing which causes this
39
188920
7320
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์ผ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ
03:16
thing, so the effect is here.
40
196240
2680
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
One thing leads to or causes another thing.
41
198920
3819
ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
"Result in" - very straightforward, I think.
42
202739
4671
"๊ฒฐ๊ณผ" - ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
So, "result in": "The earthquake resulted in thousands of deaths."
43
207410
7260
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ฒฐ๊ณผ": "์ง€์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:34
The effect of the earthquake; the result of the earthquake.
44
214670
3720
์ง€์ง„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ; ์ง€์ง„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.
03:38
So: "The earthquake resulted in thousands of deaths."
45
218390
6590
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์ง€์ง„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:44
Later we'll look at "a result of", so that will be for cause; but for effect, you can
46
224980
7610
๋‚˜์ค‘์— "a result of"๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:52
say: "result in".
47
232590
1560
"result in"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
What was the result?
48
234150
1160
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด
03:55
It resulted in blank; in something.
49
235310
4239
๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์—.
03:59
"Create".
50
239549
1060
"๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค".
04:00
I think everyone is familiar with the verb "create".
51
240609
3470
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
If you're not, here we go.
52
244079
2421
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
"The increasing rate of crime is creating numerous issues", numerous problems.
53
246500
7200
"์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์œจ์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค.
04:13
So, it's making problems, creating problems, causing problems.
54
253700
5940
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
So, the effect is that there are numerous problems now because of this.
55
259640
5720
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
"Bring about".
56
265360
1900
"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด".
04:27
So, if something brings about something else, it kind of brings it-right?-into effect.
57
267260
7890
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
So: "The new regime"-the new political party, the new political regime-"brought about stricter
58
275150
8630
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฒด์ œ"-์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋‹น, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์น˜ ์ฒด์ œ-๋Š” "๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:43
laws".
59
283780
1000
."
04:44
So, imagine there was an election and there is a new political regime, and with them they
60
284780
6140
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์น˜ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
04:50
are bringing new laws, so they brought about new laws; they caused new laws to happen.
61
290920
7610
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
The effect of the political regime are these stricter laws.
62
298530
4940
์ •์น˜ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Okay?
63
303470
1130
์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:04
Next: "give rise to".
64
304600
3970
๋‹ค์Œ : "์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋‹ค".
05:08
If something gives rise to something else, it means that the initial cause creates the
65
308570
7870
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์›์ธ์ด
05:16
conditions necessary for the effect to happen.
66
316440
5020
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Okay?
67
321460
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:22
Got that?
68
322460
1370
์•Œ์•˜์–ด?
05:23
Okay, let's look at the example.
69
323830
2240
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
So: "The election result gave rise to public protests."
70
326070
7510
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ : "์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ํ•ญ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:33
So, we have the election result, and: Uh-oh, now the condition is instability in the public
71
333580
7000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด, ์ด์ œ
05:40
because maybe the public is not happy with the results of the election.
72
340580
5440
๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:46
So, it creates the necessary conditions for the public protests.
73
346020
6580
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์‹œ์œ„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
So, the election gave rise to; allowed the political protests to happen, the public protests
74
352600
8721
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์  ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€
06:01
to happen.
75
361321
1199
์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Okay?
76
362520
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:03
And: "be responsible for".
77
363520
3660
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : "์ฑ…์ž„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค".
06:07
I think this one is self-explanatory, so, here we go: "No one knows who was responsible
78
367180
7030
์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ํŒŒ์†์— ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:14
for the vandalism."
79
374210
1690
."
06:15
So, no one knows who did the vandalism; the, basically graffiti, maybe around the bank
80
375900
9460
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ํŒŒ์†์„ ์ €์งˆ๋ €๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™์„œ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์€ํ–‰ ์ฃผ๋ณ€
06:25
or some kind of public place. Okay?
81
385360
2760
์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์žฅ์†Œ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:28
So: Who was responsible for?
82
388120
2480
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ
06:30
You can talk about, you know, these effects and these effect verbs in a variety of contexts.
83
390600
5290
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:35
So, here you have stuff like World War II, the economic crisis, rising rates of crime,
84
395890
8140
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „, ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์œ„๊ธฐ, ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ
06:44
vandalism, public protests, elections.
85
404030
3410
ํŒŒ์†, ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์‹œ์œ„, ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
So, these are probably the types of topics you will see if you are writing a high school
86
407440
5270
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต
06:52
essay, or if you're writing a university essay.
87
412710
2770
์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Even if you're not, somewhere in your essay you're probably going to talk about something
88
415480
7350
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—์„ธ์ด ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:02
that caused something else, or you're going to talk about the effect of one action and
89
422830
6270
ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€
07:09
what the reaction of that was.
90
429100
2470
๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
So, these verbs will help you to talk about that reaction.
91
431570
3620
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Okay?
92
435190
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:16
So, now, let's look at some other verbs that you can use to talk about the causes of things.
93
436190
7120
์ž, ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
All right?
94
443310
1000
๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
07:24
So, I'm going to walk to the other board.
95
444310
2210
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด๋“œ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Follow me.
96
446520
1730
๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ผ.
07:28
Okay, so here we go with the cause verbs.
97
448250
4070
์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Now, if you notice, some of these are similar to the effect verbs, but they are the effect
98
452320
6480
์ž, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:38
verbs in their passive forms.
99
458800
2470
์ˆ˜๋™ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
So, let's look at what I mean.
100
461270
2700
์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
Here we have: "be caused by", "be produced by", "be brought about by".
101
463970
6750
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” "~์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค", "~์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋‹ค", "~์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋˜๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
Okay?
102
470720
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:51
So, we've seen these in the effect verbs board before this, and now we're going to use them
103
471720
6890
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ํšจ๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:58
to talk about cause.
104
478610
1750
์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ
08:00
So, "be caused by", for example: "The government collapse was caused by the implementation
105
480360
8360
๋“ค์–ด "์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋œ"์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š”
08:08
of unpopular policies."
106
488720
1000
์ธ๊ธฐ ์—†๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:09
So, you want to say that the unpopular policies caused the government collapse, or you can
107
489720
9600
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์—†๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
08:19
say: "The government collapse was caused by the implementation of unpopular policies."
108
499320
7920
"์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ ์—†๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ์‹œํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Okay?
109
507240
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
08:28
So, you can say this in two ways; you can say it in the effect way where you really
110
508240
5060
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง
08:33
emphasize the effect, so the government collapse is the effect, and the cause of the collapse
111
513300
7450
ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ•๊ดด๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ด๊ณ , ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜ ์›์ธ์€
08:40
is that they implemented unpopular policies.
112
520750
3709
์ธ๊ธฐ ์—†๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํŽผ์นœ ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
So, if you want to emphasize the government collapse, like here, put it first, use the
113
524459
5180
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:49
passive form, use the cause: "was caused by"; if you want to emphasize the implementation
114
529639
7041
์›์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:56
of unpopular policies caused the government collapse, you can put that first.
115
536680
6010
์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ ๋น„์ธ๊ธฐ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋จผ์ € ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
So, it really depends what you want to stress in your sentence.
116
542690
4199
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Okay?
117
546889
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
09:07
All right, next: "be produced by".
118
547889
2851
์ž, ๋‹ค์Œ์€ "~์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
So: "The vast majority of air pollution in Europe is produced by fertilizers and animal
119
550740
8820
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:19
waste."
120
559560
1000
."
09:20
So, is caused by, is produced by fertilizers and animal waste.
121
560560
5430
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
So, again: "The fertilizers and animal waste produce the vast majority of air pollution
122
565990
7529
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, "๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:33
in Europe."
123
573519
1041
."
09:34
Here, we just flipped it to focus on the cause, so: "The vast majority of air pollution in
124
574560
6110
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›์ธ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:40
Europe is produced by fertilizers and animal waste."
125
580670
4029
.
09:44
This is the cause, and the effect is the air pollution, basically.
126
584699
5950
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์ธ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
Air pollution is the effect of fertilizers and animal waste.
127
590649
4471
๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์€ ๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
Next, we have: "be brought about by".
128
595120
3520
๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ " ~์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋˜๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
So, you saw "bring about"; now it's: "to be brought about by", the passive form.
129
598640
6280
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ธ "์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
"Major economic benefits could be brought about by the adoption of solar roofs."
130
604920
7390
"ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
10:12
Okay?
131
612310
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
10:13
So, the argument is if you have a solar roof, within a few years, you're going to be saving
132
613310
5660
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์•ˆ์—
10:18
thousands of dollars.
133
618970
1260
์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
So, here: "Major economic benefits could be brought about by".
134
620230
6709
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค".
10:26
Basically, if we have solar roofs, the solar roofs will bring economic benefits.
135
626939
6551
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
Okay?
136
633490
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
10:34
They will bring about economic benefits with them.
137
634490
3930
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
Next: "result from", not "result in".
138
638420
5750
๋‹ค์Œ: "๊ฒฐ๊ณผ"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๊ฒฐ๊ณผ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
So: "Many benefits quickly result from exercise."
139
644170
4950
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:49
So, if you exercise, this is the cause; the effect is, well, many benefits, really - better
140
649120
8310
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์€
10:57
health, better energy, and longer life.
141
657430
3800
๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋” ๊ธด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
11:01
Ideally longer life, unless there's an accident, obviously.
142
661230
3299
์ด์ƒ ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋” ๊ธด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:04
So, next we have: "stem from".
143
664529
3701
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” "stem from"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
And these two - if your teacher or your evaluator sees you using either of these two: "stem
144
668230
7200
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ - ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋‚˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:15
from", "be triggered by", they will love you.
145
675430
3269
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
Okay?
146
678699
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
11:19
So, memorize these two especially, because they are quite advanced and they're lovely.
147
679699
6521
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™ธ์šฐ์„ธ์š”.
11:26
They sound wonderful when they're in an essay format.
148
686220
2929
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—์„ธ์ด ํ˜•์‹์ผ ๋•Œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:29
So: "stem".
149
689149
1761
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ : "์ค„๊ธฐ".
11:30
What is a "stem"?
150
690910
1299
"์ค„๊ธฐ"๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:32
Think of a flower, so you have the stem of the flower, and on the top you have the petals,
151
692209
6861
๊ฝƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฝƒ์˜ ์ค„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๊ฝƒ์žŽ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:39
you have the flower itself.
152
699070
1600
๊ฝƒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
Right?
153
700670
1000
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
11:41
So, the stem leads to the flower.
154
701670
2829
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ค„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
So, if something stems from something, like, for example, here: "Most of our early beliefs
155
704499
8621
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
11:53
stem from our parents"...
156
713120
3060
๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."...
11:56
So think of, like, your beliefs are the flower on the top-right?-and what causes that flower?
157
716180
7180
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ ๊ฝƒ?
12:03
Before you have the flower, the stem has to grow.
158
723360
2800
๊ฝƒ์ด ํ”ผ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ค„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
So, your beliefs are here, and they stem from your parents; your parents are basically causing
159
726160
7599
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋ ธ์„
12:13
your beliefs when you're a child.
160
733759
2101
๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:15
Right?
161
735860
1000
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
12:16
So, when you're a kid, who gives you your beliefs, who tells you what to believe?
162
736860
4570
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:21
Usually it's your parents guiding you in your belief system.
163
741430
4430
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ๋… ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
So, if something stems from something else, it is caused by something.
164
745860
5180
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
All right?
165
751040
1169
๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
12:32
And, finally: "be trigged by".
166
752209
2931
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ"๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
So, if something triggers something else, it literally means it causes it to happen.
167
755140
7280
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
Okay?
168
762420
1050
์ข‹์•„์š”?
12:43
So: "World War I" - this could be any high school essay.
169
763470
5770
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "์ œ1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „" - ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์—์„ธ์ด๋„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
"World War I was triggered by", it's like...
170
769240
3709
"์ œ1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์ด ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋œ ", ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜...
12:52
This is, like, the root cause.
171
772949
2161
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Okay?
172
775110
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
12:56
This was, like, the cause.
173
776110
1019
์ด ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์›์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
"World War I was triggered by the assassination of the Arch Duke Ferdinand."
174
777129
6181
"์ œ1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์€ ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋””๋‚œํŠธ ๋Œ€๊ณต์˜ ์•”์‚ด๋กœ ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:03
Now, if you're a history major and you're thinking: "No!
175
783310
4399
์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ „๊ณต์ž ์ด๊ณ  "์•„๋‹ˆ!
13:07
There were many more things, and this wasn't it.
176
787709
2011
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด.
13:09
This was just one little thing", it's an example.
177
789720
4969
์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž‘์€ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
I'm really focusing on just the use of these verbs and verb phrases, so "was triggered
178
794689
6531
์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ "was trigger
13:21
by".
179
801220
1000
by"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
So, think of a gun, and a gun has a trigger - when you pull the trigger, the bullet goes.
180
802220
6479
์ด์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด์—๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•„์‡ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์•„์‡ ๋ฅผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์ด์•Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Okay?
181
808699
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
13:29
So, what was the bullet that caused this thing?
182
809699
3271
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์ด์•Œ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:32
Okay?
183
812970
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”?
13:33
What caused the bullet to fly?
184
813970
1940
์ด์•Œ์ด ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ„ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:35
In this case, the bullet being...
185
815910
3130
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์•Œ์€... ์ œ
13:39
The beginning of World War I is the bullet, the trigger is the assassination of Arch Duke
186
819040
5909
1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์ด์•Œ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์•„์‡ ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋””๋‚œ๋“œ ๋Œ€๊ณต์˜ ์•”์‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:44
Ferdinand.
187
824949
1000
.
13:45
That pulled the trigger that allowed the bullet to fly towards the beginning of World War I.
188
825949
7750
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์•Œ์ด ์ œ1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ๋ฐฉ์•„์‡ ๋ฅผ ๋‹น๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
So, we have: "be caused by", "be produced by", "be brought about by", "result from",
189
833699
4690
13:58
"stem from", "be triggered by", as well as the wealth of effect verbs on the previous board.
190
838389
7401
", "be trigger by" ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด์ „ ๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ.
14:05
So, you guys have-I hope-a lot of new vocabulary that you have acquired here today.
191
845790
5709
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์Šต๋“ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
And if you want to test your understanding of this to make sure you get that high IELTS
192
851499
4741
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ IELTS
14:16
score, that high TOEFL score, you get that 90% on your essay - you can check out the
193
856240
5980
์ ์ˆ˜, ๋†’์€ TOEFL ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ 90%๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
quiz on www.engvid.com.
194
862220
3119
www.engvid.com์—์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
And while you're there, why don't you check out some of my other videos?
195
865339
3980
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์˜์ƒ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:29
I have a ton of videos on academic vocabulary or advanced vocabulary, I have some IELTS
196
869319
6161
๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ  ์–ดํœ˜๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ , IELTS
14:35
and some TOEFL lessons as well.
197
875480
2609
์™€ TOEFL ๋ ˆ์Šจ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
And if you want to try something more fun, I also have: Learning English with Star Wars,
198
878089
5440
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข€ ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์Šคํƒ€์›Œ์ฆˆ,
14:43
with Harry Potter, with The Hunger Games - a wide variety of things, and grammar stuff, too.
199
883529
6530
ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ, ํ—๊ฑฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ - ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ณต๋ถ€๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
So, if this is your first video that you've ever, you know, watched from us - welcome,
200
890059
5150
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
and check out the rest of the stuff and let me know what you think.
201
895209
3250
๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:58
Speaking of letting me know what you think, leave a comment, see if you can create original
202
898459
6120
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
15:04
sentences... Sentences.
203
904579
2000
. ๋ฌธ์žฅ.
15:06
I have a hard time with that word sometimes.
204
906579
2841
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
15:09
Sentences with the vocabulary you've learnt in this video. All right?
205
909420
5630
์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
15:15
And you can also check me out on YouTube, where you can subscribe to the channel; check
206
915050
4789
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” YouTube์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
me out on Facebook, I have a fan page there; check me out on Twitter.
207
919839
5490
Facebook์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํŒฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:25
And until next time, thanks for clicking.
208
925329
5092
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํด๋ฆญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7