English Grammar: "BEEN TO" or "GONE TO"?

301,367 views ใƒป 2018-01-23

English with Alex


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Oh, wow, I've definitely never been there before.
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์˜ค, ์™€์šฐ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
Have you been there before?
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?
00:08
While we're on that topic:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ:
00:10
Hey, everyone, I'm Alex.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ €๋Š” Alex์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on two commonly used and sometimes confused
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ํด๋ฆญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€๋” ํ˜ผ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€
00:20
words in English.
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์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
And those two words are: "been" and "gone".
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "been"๊ณผ "gone"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Now, these two words, I say they are commonly used and sometimes confused because they are
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์ž, ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋™๋˜๊ธฐ๋„
00:33
often used in a similar way, in a similar context, but there is one situation where
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ค‘
00:40
only one of them works.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Before we begin: What is "been", what is "gone"?
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—: "been"์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  "gear"๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:46
Grammatically, these are past participles.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
And today we're specifically going to look at how to use them with perfect tenses, because
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:56
the confusion with the two words usually happens in the perfect tenses themselves.
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๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€์˜ ํ˜ผ๋™์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ ์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
So, first let's look at "been".
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € "been"๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Notice the arrows that I drew here.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:07
So, if you have been to a place, this means that you went there and you returned.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
So, for example: "He's been to India."
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:21
And by the way, this "he's", this means: "he has been in this situation", this is the present perfect.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ด "he's"๋Š” "๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
"He's been to India."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค."
01:31
He went and he returned in his life.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
This is a life experience that he had.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
01:39
So you can say: "I've been to India.", "I've been to Disney Land.",
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"I've been to India.", "I've been to Disney Land.",
01:44
"I've been to Niagara Falls."
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"I've been to Niagara Falls."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
So, if you want to talk about life experience where you went to a place, you returned from
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ”๋˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:53
the place, it's behind you, it's in the past, it's done, it's in your life experience, "been"
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, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹  ๋’ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "been"์€
02:01
is usually the word you want to go with.
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐˆ.
02:04
Next: "gone".
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๋‹ค์Œ: "์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค".
02:06
Now, I'm going to look at "gone" in a specific context which basically means you went to
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์ด์ œ ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ "gone"์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:12
a place and you're still there, and you went recently.
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์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
So, for example: "He's gone to India".
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค".
02:22
-"Where's Frank?"
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-"ํ”„๋žญํฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์ง€?"
02:23
-"Frank's not in Canada, man. He's gone to India."
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-"ํ”„๋žญํฌ๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์—†์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”."
02:27
This means recently Hank left Canada...
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
02:30
Did I say Hank or Frank?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ–‰ํฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”, ํ”„๋žญํฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:32
Frank or Hank?
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ํ”„๋žญํฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰ํฌ?
02:33
How do you not remember?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์•ˆ ๋‚˜?
02:34
That's okay, let's keep going.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
"Hank/Frank, Hankfrank, Frankhank has gone to India."
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"Hank/Frank, Hankfrank, Frankhank๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค."
02:41
So, he went to India maybe two days ago.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ดํ‹€ ์ „์— ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
02:44
He's in India now.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ธ๋„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Let's look at some more of these examples with "been" and "gone".
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"been"๊ณผ "gone"์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
"Been".
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"๊ณ„์† ~ ์ด๋‹ค".
02:53
"I've never been to China."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค."
02:55
Okay?
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02:55
Life experience, I've never been and returned, I have never visited China.
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
"They had been there before."
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค." ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
03:04
So we're using the past perfect tense, here.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
They had visited that location before.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ „์— ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Ah: "We will have been in Montreal for three years by then."
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์•„: "๊ทธ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ์— ์˜จ์ง€ 3๋…„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:16
Now, here, it's actually slightly different. Right?
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
03:20
Because you're not saying that you went to Montreal and you returned to Montreal, but
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:26
that you have lived in Montreal for three years, or: "We will have lived",
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๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ์—์„œ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ด์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค",
03:32
"We will have been in Montreal for three years by then."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ์— 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
03:36
So, here is a different sense.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Here, you're saying that in three years:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ 3๋…„ ํ›„์—
03:42
"Oh, we will have been in Montreal for three years by that time",
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"์˜ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชฌํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:48
by a specific time in the future.
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.
03:50
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:51
So, a different way to use "been".
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "been"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Now, again, remember "been" is the past participle of the verb "be", and after "be" you can use
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. "been"์€ ๋™์‚ฌ "be"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  "be" ๋’ค์—๋Š”
04:00
many, many, many, many different things, so you can talk about your age.
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๋งŽ์€, ๋งŽ์€, ๋งŽ์€, ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Right? You can talk about adjectives, your feelings.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:09
You can follow the verb "to be" with a continuous form.
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"to be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Right? So: "He's been playing", "He's been reading", "He's been doing".
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๊ทธ๋Š” ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด", "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด", "๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด".
04:17
For this lesson I specifically want to focus on using it to talk about travel and life
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:23
experience with visiting places and returning from places.
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.
04:27
"Gone", okay.
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"์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค", ์•Œ์•˜์–ด.
04:30
"Jack's not here. He's gone home."
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"์žญ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—†์–ด. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์–ด."
04:34
Now, here we're using the present perfect.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
One of the uses for the present perfect is to talk about something that happened recently.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์šฉ๋„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
Okay? And you can still see the effects, or something that just happened.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
So: -"Where's Jack?"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: -"์žญ์€ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์ง€?"
04:51
-"Oh, Jack's not here.
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-"์˜ค, ์žญ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—†์–ด์š”.
04:52
He's gone home. He has gone home."
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์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”. ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”."
04:55
Not: "He's been home", that means he went home and he returned, and it's a weird kind of sentence.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "He's been home"์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Maybe, unless he went for lunch, I guess.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ , ์•„๋งˆ.
05:06
And here's another one: "She's gone grocery shopping".
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:10
-"Hey, where is Matilda?"
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- "์•ผ, ๋งˆํ‹ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์ง€?"
05:13
-"Matilda's not here. She has gone grocery shopping."
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-"๋งˆํ‹ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—†์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”."
05:17
Okay? So she went recently, she's there now.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Next one, ah: "They've gone on vacation."
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์•„: "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:25
So your neighbours are not here, you notice their car is not in the driveway.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ด์›ƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ž…๋กœ์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
"Hey, where are the Hendersons?"
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"์ด๋ด, Hendersons๋Š” ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?"
05:33
-"Oh, the Hendersons are not here. They've gone on vacation."
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-"์˜ค, Hendersons๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:37
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:38
And last one: "He's gone to work".
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค".
05:41
-"Mom, where's dad?"
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- "์—„๋งˆ, ์•„๋น ๋Š” ์–ด๋”” ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”?"
05:43
-"Dad's not home.
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-"์•„๋น ๋Š” ์ง‘์— ์—†์–ด์š”.
05:44
He's gone to work."
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์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์…จ์–ด์š”."
05:46
Okay? Recently he left the house, he went to work, he's at work now.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง‘์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ  ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
Now, you could also say if it's the end of the day: -"Hey, did you go to work today?"
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์ด์ œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . -"์•ผ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‹ˆ?"
05:57
-"Yeah, I've been to work."
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-"๋„ค, ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:58
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:59
So, I've been to work today.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ถœ๊ทผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Next: What did I do here?
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๋‹ค์Œ: ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:04
"I've never been or gone there before."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ๋„, ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค."
06:09
Curious. Curious.
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ. ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ.
06:10
Now, I did mention here-right?-that usually "been" is used when you want to talk about
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์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ณดํ†ต "been"์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:17
a place you have visited and you've returned from.
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.
06:20
"Gone" usually used to mean that you have gone to a place, you went to a place, and
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"Gone"์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ , ์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
06:27
you are still there now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
But really, when you're talking about life experience, in speaking sometimes people use
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
06:34
these words interchangeably.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:37
So: "I've never been there before.", "I've never gone there before."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ : "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:41
Here, I said: "I've never been to China.", "I've never gone to China."
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๋Š” "์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .", "์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
If I say both of those, no one is really going to think I'm making a mistake.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Okay? So if you do say: "I've never gone to China",
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค",
06:55
"I've never gone to China", "I've never been to China",
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", " ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "
06:59
"I've never been to China", it's not a huge mistake.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜.
07:05
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:06
What I really want you to focus on is that in most contexts, if you want to be safe,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:11
if you want to talk about life experience, stick with "been", if you want to talk about
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์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด "been"์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:17
something that just happened and you want to say the person is still there, still at
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
07:23
the location, use "gone".
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๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” "์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:26
So: "He's been to India."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:29
Life experience.
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์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜.
07:30
"He's gone to India."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค."
07:32
Recently, he went yesterday.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
07:34
So, when you're thinking about "gone" in this situation, a little trick you can use is ask yourself:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ "์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ํŠธ๋ฆญ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
"Where is he?
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07:43
Where is she?
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07:45
Where are they?"
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07:46
And if they're not here: "Oh, he's gone to India.", "He's gone grocery shopping.",
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด: "์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์— ๊ฐ”์–ด .", "๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ๊ฐ”์–ด.", "
07:52
"They've gone on vacation.", "He's gone to his brother's house."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ”์–ด.", "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ์˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์–ด."
07:57
Okay?
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07:57
So, for "gone", if you can ask yourself the question: "Where is ____?" then you can use
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด "____์€(๋Š”) ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
08:04
"gone" in this case.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "gone"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
And one more, before you guys ask me this question in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋”.
08:10
You might say: "Alex, why would I say: 'He's gone grocery shopping'?
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"Alex, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:16
Why don't I just say: 'He went grocery shopping'?"
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
08:19
Excellent question, such a good question.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
So, remember, simple past, action that happened in the past and is finished.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:29
Right?
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08:29
So: "He went grocery shopping", "He went let's say five minutes ago".
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค", "๊ทธ๋Š” 5๋ถ„ ์ „์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค."
08:36
Present perfect, specifically for present perfect in this case: "He's gone grocery shopping"
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• : "He's gone ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘"์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—
08:41
means that, you know, something that started in the past has continued into the present.
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์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ผ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
Really, you can use both.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
You can say: "He went grocery shopping", "He's gone grocery shopping", and you won't be wrong
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค", "๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:53
in either case because you can mentally think that you're referring to an action where he
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ”๋˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:59
went, he left the house, your focus is on the period he left the house.
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
"He went grocery shopping".
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค".
09:05
-"Where is he?"
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- "๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
09:06
-"He's gone grocery shopping."
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- "๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค."
09:08
The action started in the past, is still true now because he's still there now, so your
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
09:14
focus changes.
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์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
Both are correct.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
Okay, that's it.
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
09:19
Are you confused?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:20
Do you feel better?
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์•„์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
09:22
Is it less confusing?
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๋œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‚˜์š”?
09:23
Hopefully it's less confusing now.
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์ด์ œ ๋œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
If you're really not sure, obviously you can watch the video again.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
Check out tons of resources, like, on Google or wherever else on the internet, preferably
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Google ๋˜๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ, ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์ ์ด๋ฉด
09:36
on engVid on this subject.
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ engVid์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:38
And if you really want to test your understanding of it, you can check out the quiz on www.engvid.com.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด www.engvid.com์—์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
And while you're on engVid, don't forget to check me out on Facebook and Twitter, and
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  engVid์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ Facebook๊ณผ Twitter์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
09:49
also subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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์ œ YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
09:51
So you can either subscribe to the channel directly through YouTube or go to my, like,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ YouTube๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด
09:56
little, you know, profile page and find my YouTube link if you are watching this on engVid.
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ํ”„๋กœํ•„ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ engVid์—์„œ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚ด YouTube ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
Til next time, thanks for clicking.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํด๋ฆญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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