Less or Fewer?

188,538 views ใƒป 2013-02-13

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hey, guys. I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking and welcome to this lesson on
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ใญใˆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„
00:06
"less" and "fewer". So these are comparative adjectives that we use when we want to compare two
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™
00:13
things, usually. Or when we want to make a statement that talks about how something
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†
00:18
is decreasing or a decreased number of something or somebody is happening,
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ใซๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๆ•ฐใŒๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
00:24
etc. So, we have two sentences here.
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ใชใฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:28
We have, "Fewer/less people today carry cash",
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็พ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใกๆญฉใ
00:32
and we have, "There is fewer," or,
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ไบบใฏๅฐ‘ใชใ„/ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ€
00:35
"less privacy today because of social media".
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ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใงไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒใ‚ทใƒผใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
So, which of these words do you think is correct in these two sentences? All
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:44
right, so again, I'm going to give you the correct answer,
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—
00:46
and then I'm going to explain why it's the answer and what the rule is.
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ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ็ญ”ใˆใชใฎใ‹ใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:51
So, the first sentence we have,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏ
00:53
"Fewer", or, "less people today carry cash".
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ใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็พ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใกๆญฉใไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:57
What do you think it is? All right,
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:59
if you said, "Fewer people today carry cash.",
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€็พ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใกๆญฉใไบบใฏๆธ›ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€
01:02
you are absolutely correct. Okay.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:06
I'll explain in a moment.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
Stick with me. Again, the second one,
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็งใซๅ›บๅŸทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€2 ใค็›ฎ
01:10
"There is fewer or less privacy today because of social media".
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚ทใƒฃใƒซ ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใงใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒใ‚ทใƒผใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€.
01:15
The answer here you have probably deduced is "less".
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ใ“ใ“ใงใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใŸ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:22
So, why? Why do we say "fewer people" and not "less people".
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ ใ€ŒไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ŒไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใชใœใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
01:27
Maybe you're walking around right now and you're saying,
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠๆญฉใๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
01:29
"Yeah, there are less people here than I expected".
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ใ€Œใˆใˆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไบบใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
01:32
Or, "There are less bottles of water than what we really need".
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ…่ฆใช้‡ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๆฐดใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
01:37
Okay? If you're saying those things,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€
01:39
you're wrong, and I'm going to tell you why.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎ็†็”ฑใ‚’ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:41
Grammatically you're wrong. You're not wrong as a person.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไบบใจใ—ใฆ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:44
As a human being, I'm sure you're lovely.
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ไบบ้–“ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฃใจ็ด ๆ•ตใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
However, grammatically, it's incorrect. Okay, so "fewer"...
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ€Œๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€...
01:55
...fewer we use with countable nouns, all right?
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...ๅฏ็ฎ—ๅ่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
02:06
So if you can say one,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
02:08
two, three, four of whatever the noun is,
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ใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€1ใ€2ใ€3ใ€4 ใจ
02:12
you can use "fewer" with it.
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่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:14
So, for example, people. You can count people.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐไบบใ€‚ ไบบๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:16
You can count water bottles.
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ๆฐดใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
You can count computers. You can count tables,
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใชใฉใ‚’ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
02:21
etc., etc., etc. Okay? So if it's countable,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹
02:26
use "fewer", and if you've probably discerned by now,
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไปŠใพใงใซ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:31
with "less" this is used with uncountable nouns.
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใงใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™.
02:43
Okay? Now, what I mean by uncountable nouns,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ่ฉžใจใฏใ€
02:46
things you can't count. These can be abstract concepts like privacy or freedom,
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ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒใ‚ทใƒผใ‚„่‡ช็”ฑใ€่‡ช็”ฑใชใฉใฎๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ€
02:53
or liberty, or any number of things that you can't count such as water.
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ใพใŸใฏๆฐดใชใฉใฎๆ•ฐใˆๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใชใ„ใปใฉใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:59
Right? So you don't say, "Wow.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ†ใ‚ใƒผ
03:01
There is fewer water in this bottle than what I was expecting or what I
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒœใƒˆใƒซใซใฏใ€ไบˆๆƒณใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ้‡ใ‚„ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸ้‡ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ๆฐดใ—ใ‹ๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
03:07
hoping for". You'd say, "No.
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ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆ
03:08
There's less water in here than what I would like".
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ็งใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใชใ„ๆฐดใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
03:12
Okay? So, again, if you can count it,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
03:15
use "fewer". If you can't count it,
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ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
03:19
use "less". Very simple rule, easy to follow.
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ใฏใ€Œlessใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ€ๅพ“ใ†ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:23
If you would like to test your understanding of this grammar point,
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฎ็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
03:26
please check out the quiz on engvid.com.
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ใ€engvid.com ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:29
Good luck, guys.
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ใŒใ‚“ใฐใ‚Œใ€‚
03:30
Learn English for free www.engvid.com
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็„กๆ–™ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถ www.engvid.com

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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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