English Grammar - COULD & SHOULD

400,998 views ใƒป 2010-08-04

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey guys, this is Alex, thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on "could" and
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:10
"should".
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ใ€‚
00:11
Now, these are two of the most common words in the English language, so if you're wondering
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชž ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:16
how we use them, what situations we use them, this is the lesson for you.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:21
So, we have an example conversation here.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซไผš่ฉฑใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
We have James and Rebecca having a conversation.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใจ ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใŒไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:28
Now, James says, "I'm going to the movies."
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใฏ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใซ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
What is the difference if Rebecca says, "You could walk" versus, "You should walk"?
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ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใŒใ€Œๆญฉใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใจใ€Œๆญฉใ„ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:40
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
00:41
So, if Rebecca says, "You could walk", she is offering a suggestion, she is offering
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใŒใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏๆๆกˆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
00:47
a possibility.
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
00:48
If she says, "You should walk", if you have watched past lessons on giving advice in English,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฉใในใใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
00:55
"could" is stronger, it gives definite advice, okay?
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ใ€Œcouldใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒๅผทใใ€ ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:59
So, we use "could" for suggestions, or possibilities, okay?
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ใงใฏใ€ๆๆกˆใ‚„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€Œcouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:19
Suggestions and possibilities.
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ๆๆกˆใจๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€‚
01:20
So, again, you could walk, or you could take the bus, one or the other, okay?
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆญฉใใ‹ ใ€ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
You should gives definite advice.
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็š„็ขบใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
01:39
You should walk gives definite advice.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฉใในใใงใ™ ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:43
Okay, now, using "could" and "should", you can talk about future possibility, or advice
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œcouldใ€ใจใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚„ๅฐ†ๆฅใธใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
01:51
for the future.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใฎ
01:53
You can also use it to talk about the past as well, okay?
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่ฉฑใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:57
So, it's like giving hindsight advice.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅพŒ็Ÿฅๆตใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:01
Those of you who are not familiar with hindsight, I recommend looking it up in the dictionary,
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ๅพŒ็Ÿฅๆตใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใฏ ใ€่พžๆ›ธใง่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™
02:15
but hindsight, essentially, is looking back at something you did in the past, and thinking
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ใŒใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซๅพŒ็Ÿฅๆตใจ ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚Šใ€
02:21
about something you could have done differently, or something you should have done differently.
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ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:28
So, if you are hearing me speak, you heard me say, "You could have done something differently",
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใฏใšใ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸ
02:34
or "You should have done something differently", okay?
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:37
So, if you've watched the lesson on engVid about the past form of "should", "could" is
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€engVid ใงใ€Œshouldใ€ใจใ€Œcouldใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ€Œcouldใ€
02:43
the same.
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ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:44
Now, remember, we can say, "You should have studied", right, advisability in the past.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:51
If we say, "You could have studied", it's like, it was a possibility, it was a suggestion,
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใใŸใฏใšใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆๆกˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
02:58
you know, you could have done that.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:00
So again, depending on which one you want to use, you are either making a suggestion,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ๆๆกˆใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
03:07
or giving one possibility, or you are giving definite advice, strong advice, okay?
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1 ใคใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๆ˜Ž็ขบใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ€ๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
So just remember that "should" is much stronger than "could", and they both can be used to
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏ ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
03:19
talk about future possibility.
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ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
03:22
So for example, "What are you doing this weekend?"
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€ŒไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
03:27
"I could visit my parents", okay?
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ใ€Œไธก่ฆชใ‚’่จชใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:32
So it's possible that I am going to visit my parents, versus, "I should visit my parents,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒไธก่ฆชใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏไธก่ฆชใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใในใใงใ™ใ€‚
03:40
I have not seen them in a long time, it's a good idea for me to visit my parents", okay?
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้•ทใ„้–“ไผšใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใง ใ€ไธก่ฆชใซไผšใ„ใซ่กŒใใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
03:47
So if you want to do a quiz on this lesson, please check out engvid.com, and do the quiz
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ engvid.com ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ
03:53
at the bottom of this lesson.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:55
Thanks again for watching, and take care.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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