English Grammar - ALREADY & YET

307,738 views ใƒป 2009-07-22

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, my name is Alex, and welcome to this lesson on using the words "already" and "yet".
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚น ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใจใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎไฝฟ็”จใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:11
Now, these are both time-related words, and we use them when we want to talk about if
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ€
00:17
something has happened before now, or if something hasn't happened before now, so before the
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ไปŠใพใงใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไปŠใพใงใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
00:24
present.
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ใ€‚
00:25
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:26
So, for example, the question I have here is, "Are you going to take your medicine?"
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ่ณชๅ• ใฏใ€Œ่–ฌใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใพใงใซ
00:32
If you have not taken your medicine before now, you would use "yet".
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่–ฌใ‚’ๆœ็”จใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€"yet" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:39
Perhaps you intend to take it, so "I haven't taken it yet", meaning that you have the intention
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใชใฎใงใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ใพใ ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
00:47
of taking it in the future, but before now, you haven't taken it.
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ใจใฏใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฏๅ–ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŒใ€ไปŠใพใงใฏๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
If you have taken it before now, you would use "already".
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ไปŠใพใงใซๅ–ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
So, you would say, well, if you're asked the question again, "Are you going to take your
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ
01:02
medicine?"
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่–ฌใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:03
and you have taken it before now, "I have already taken it."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใพใงใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ™ใงใซๅ–ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
Okay, now there are a couple of things that I want to point out.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
01:12
Just keep in mind that when you are using "yet", you're going to put "have not" plus
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ใพใ ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ
01:20
the past participle of the verb that you're using.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:23
So again, past participle of "take" is "taken".
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œtakeใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ€Œtakenใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
I have not taken it yet, versus when you're using "already", you just have "have", stick
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็งใฏใพใ ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ ใ‘
01:34
"already" between the past participle and "have".
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ใงใ™ใ€‚้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใจใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ้–“ใซใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:37
I have already taken it.
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็งใฏใ™ใงใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:40
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:41
Now, "already" and "yet" also have some functions when asking questions.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใจใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใซใฏ ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:45
For example, if you want to find out, again, if something has happened before now, you
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ไปŠใพใงใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Š
01:51
would use "yet".
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ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€"yet" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:52
Have you cleaned your room yet?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใ†้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
01:54
Is it done?
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ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:55
Is it done?
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ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:57
Versus "already", you can use "already" to express surprise, depending on how you ask
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ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ใฎไป•ๆ–นใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ้ฉšใใ‚’่กจ็พใงใใพใ™
02:01
the question.
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ใ€‚
02:02
So, if you're surprised that your friend Dana has completed her homework extremely quickly,
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ๅ‹้”ใฎใƒ‡ใƒผใƒŠใŒๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ—ฉใ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใŸใ“ใจใซ้ฉšใ„ใŸใ‚‰
02:08
you would say, "Has Dana already finished her homework?"
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ใ€ ใ€Œใƒ‡ใƒผใƒŠใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:12
So you can use it to express surprise with the question.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹้ฉšใใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:14
It's more so of a statement than an actual question at that point.
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ใใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฃฐๆ˜Žใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:17
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:18
I also wanted to point out one more thing with using "already" and "yet", and that is
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใจใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎ
02:22
the placement of "already" and "yet" in the phrase.
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ใฏใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บๅ†…ใฎใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใจใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใฎ้…็ฝฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:26
You can actually have it either between "have", well, in the case of "yet", you would have
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎ้–“ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:31
it between "have not" and the past participle, as opposed to "already" where you would have
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ใ€ใ€Œhave notใ€ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎ้–“ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œalreadyใ€ใงใฏใ€Œhave notใ€ใจใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎ้–“ ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:38
it just between "have" and the past participle, or at the very end of the sentence.
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" ใจ้ŽๅŽป ๅˆ†่ฉžใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
So, for example, you can say, "I have not yet seen Africa", meaning you have the intention
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใพใ ใ‚ขใƒ•ใƒชใ‚ซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ ใ‚ขใƒ•ใƒชใ‚ซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
02:50
of seeing it in the future, possibly.
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ใ€‚
02:53
You can also say, "I have not seen Africa yet."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใพใ ใ‚ขใƒ•ใƒชใ‚ซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:57
As, if you're using "already" with these sentences, you can say, "I have already seen Africa",
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใงใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€ŒI have already seen Africaใ€
03:04
or you can say, "I have seen Africa already."
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ใพใŸใฏ ใ€ŒI have seen Africa already.ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:08
Okay so if you'd like to do a quiz on this lesson just to make sure that you got it perfectly,
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
03:13
please check out www.engvid.com.
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www.engvid.com ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:15
My name is Alex.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
03:16
Take care.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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