English Modals: 4 ways to use "SHOULD"

158,329 views ใƒป 2018-04-14

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
So come on and let me know: Should I stay or should I go?
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€็งใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผš ็งใฏใจใฉใพใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚่กŒใในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:08
Oh, hey, everyone.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
00:11
One sec.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚
00:15
Didn't see you there.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:17
I'm Alex.
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็งใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:18
Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on "4 Ways to Use 'Should'".
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 4 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’
00:24
Now, you are probably familiar with at least two of these ways if you have been studying
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎใ†ใกใฎๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 2 ใคใซ็ฒพ้€šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:30
English for a while.
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ใ€‚
00:32
So the most common ways are the first two up here, and then we're going to look at two
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใซ
00:37
other ways that might be a little less familiar to you.
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ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใชใ˜ใฟใฎใชใ„ไป–ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:42
So, let's start with the first, the very first way that every student learns how to use "should"
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€Œshouldใ€ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๅญฆใถๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‰
00:48
when they're studying English, which is for present or future advice.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็พๅœจใพใŸใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:54
Now, the structure for this is "should" or "should not" if you're making a negative sentence,
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใงใฏ ใชใ„ใ€
01:01
plus the base verb.
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ใจๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
01:03
So you have your subject: "I", "you", "he", "she", "it", "we", "they", "Mark", "Paul",
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒซใ€ใ€
01:10
"my mom", "your mom", whatever, plus this structure.
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ใ€Œ็งใฎใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ€‚
01:15
So let's look at some examples of present or future advice.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็พๅœจใพใŸใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:20
"You should call him."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:24
So you're giving the advice to your friend who maybe had a fight with, you know, their
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผๆฐใ‚„ๅคซใ€ใพใŸใฏใŸใ ใฎๅ‹้”ใจๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ๅ‹้”ใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใŒใ€
01:29
boyfriend or their husband or just a friend, and you think they should call him.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฝผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ในใใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
It's a good idea for them to call him.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฝผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:40
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:41
"They shouldn't argue so much."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚“ใชใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€
01:44
Now, here you're kind of giving your opinion about another couple's relationship, and you're
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅˆฅใฎใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Š
01:52
giving your advice to a friend about their situation, if that's not too confusing, I
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ใ€ๅ‹ไบบใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ
02:00
hope.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:01
So: "They shouldn't argue so much."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚“ใชใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
02:02
They argue too much.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธปๅผตใ—ใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€‚
02:04
My advice is they shouldn't argue so much.
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็งใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:09
And third example for you guys: "He should apologize."
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ : ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ฌใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:14
If you, you know, want to be a good friend to your girlfriend or your boyfriend, and
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚„ใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใจ่‰ฏใ„ๅ‹้”ใซ
02:21
you want to give them, you know, support and tell them that their boyfriend needs to apologize,
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ใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆ ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใŒ่ฌ็ฝชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใŸใ„ใฎ
02:29
you're giving him advice even though he's not here.
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ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ“ใ“ใ€‚
02:32
"He should apologize."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่ฌใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€‚ใ€
02:34
It's a good idea for him to apologize to you because he made a mistake.
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ๅฝผ ใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฌ็ฝชใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใงใ™.
02:41
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:42
Before we continue, I just want you guys to repeat these sentences after me so that, you
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ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€็งใฎๅพŒใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œ
02:47
know, we can practice the pronunciation and you're using the language that you're hearing
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ใฐใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ ใงใใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
02:53
in this video.
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ใ€‚
02:54
So, repeat after me: "You should call him.", "They shouldn't argue so much.", "He should
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚“ใชใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ
03:11
apologize."
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่ฌใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:13
All right, let's move on to the second way we use "should".
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ "should" ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:22
Now, here you can use it for past advice or to show past regrets.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„้ŽๅŽปใฎๅพŒๆ‚”ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:28
So, the structure for this, just like up here, you have "should" or "should not" if it's
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅฆๅฎš ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ™ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€
03:35
negative, plus "have".
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ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ŒๆŒใคใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:38
It's always "have", it's never "has".
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€ใ“ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:40
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:41
It's always the base form of "have".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซ ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
03:43
"Should not have" plus the past participle of your main verb.
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ใ€ŒๆŒใคในใใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจ ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€‚
03:50
So, let's look at some examples so this is easy to see.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:55
First one: "I shouldn't have done that."
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1ใค็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏ ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
04:00
So you are showing personal regret for something you did in the past, and you feel bad because
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๅพŒๆ‚”ใ‚’็คบใ— ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
04:08
you really should have made a different decision, so you say: "I shouldn't have done that."
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅˆฅใฎๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ™ในใใ ใฃใŸ ใฎใงๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™.
04:16
Now, notice here, you know, I put the contraction.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ็งใฏๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:21
We're speaking.
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็งใŸใกใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:22
I want to give you practical skills, practical language that you can use.
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ๅฎŸ่ทต็š„ใชใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ€ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅฎŸ็”จ็š„ใช่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:26
I could say: "He should not have done that", and be very formal, but really when most people
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็งใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ้žๅธธใซๅ …่‹ฆใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒ
04:33
speak, they speak in contractions, so you and I will speak in contractions in this video,
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่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใง่ฉฑใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจ ็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใ‚‚็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใง่ฉฑใ—
04:39
too; like a pregnant woman, contractions.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฆŠๅจ ไธญใฎ ๅฅณๆ€งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅŽ็ธฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:42
It's a joke.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ†—่ซ‡ใ ใ€‚
04:44
Next: "You should've asked me first."
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ๆฌก๏ผšใ€Œๆœ€ๅˆใซ็งใซ่žใในใใ ใฃใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
04:47
Now, again, you're talking to a friend and maybe they made a decision and you feel they
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹ไบบใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใ€
04:55
made the decision without asking you your opinion or if the decision was okay.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚„ๆฑบๅฎšใŒๆญฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
05:02
So maybe your friend, I don't know, like, grabbed your phone and used it to call long
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚“ใงใ€ใฉใ“ใ‹ใธใฎ้•ท่ท้›ข้›ป่ฉฑใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
05:07
distance somewhere, and your phone plan is, you know, almost up, your data is all used
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.ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›ป่ฉฑใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ
05:13
up, maybe they're, I don't know, watching a YouTube video.
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€YouTubeใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:16
If they're watching engVid, let them watch, like, all they want, it's cool.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒengVidใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฅฝใใชใ ใ‘่ฆ‹ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฏใƒผใƒซใงใ™.
05:20
But if they're watching something else, you know, you say: "Oh, you should've asked me
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
05:25
first."
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ใ€‚
05:26
This is, again, contraction: "should have".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ŒๆŒใคในใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:29
"You should've asked me first."
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ใ€Œๆœ€ๅˆใซ็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
05:32
So before we continue, let's repeat these sentences one more time.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:36
So repeat after me: "I shouldn't have done that.", "You should've asked me first."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃ ใŸ.ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ€ๅˆใซ็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸ.ใ€
05:47
Okay, so that's for past advice or past regrets.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใพใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅพŒๆ‚”ใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™.
05:57
And here, again, if you're using "I", usually it's for regret.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€ŒIใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:00
"I should have done something", "I shouldn't have done something".
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ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€ใ€Œ ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
06:05
Next: Expectation.
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ๆฌก๏ผšๆœŸๅพ…ใ€‚
06:07
So, if you expect something to happen or expect something to have happened in the past, you
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใจไบˆๆƒณใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
06:16
can use "should".
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ใฏใ€"should" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:17
Now, this can be used for present expectation, future expectation.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใฎ ๆœŸๅพ…ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใซไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
And for present and future, the structure is exactly the same as here.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็พๅœจใ‚‚ๆœชๆฅใ‚‚ใ€ ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ“ใ“ใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
And for past expectation, the structure is exactly the same as you see here.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎไบˆๆƒณใงใฏใ€ๆง‹้€  ใฏใ“ใ“ใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:35
So, for example: "He should be here by now."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œๅฝผ ใฏไปŠ้ ƒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
06:42
So you expect him to be at your location now.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใŒ ไปŠใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
06:46
"He should be here by now.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
06:49
Why is he late?"
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ใชใœๅฝผใฏ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
06:50
My expectation is he should be here by now.
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็งใฎไบˆๆƒณใงใฏใ€ๅฝผ ใฏไปŠใ”ใ‚ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
06:54
Present expectation.
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็พๅœจใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใ€‚
06:56
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:57
Next: "She should have been there at 7."
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ๆฌก: ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ 7 ๆ™‚ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€
07:02
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:03
So, if your friend is telling you, you know: "Hey, Martha didn't come to the meeting.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผš ใ€Œใญใˆใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ตใฏไผš่ญฐใซ
07:08
She didn't come until, like, 8 o'clock."
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ๆฅใชใ‹ใฃใŸ. ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ 8ๆ™‚ใพใงๆฅใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€.
07:11
It's like: "Well, I'm her roommate.
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ใ€Œใˆใˆใจใ€ ็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎใƒซใƒผใƒ ใƒกใ‚คใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:13
I saw her leave the house at, like, 6 o'clock.
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็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ6ๆ™‚ใซๅฎถใ‚’ๅ‡บใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
07:17
She should have been there by 7."
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ 7ๆ™‚ใพใงใซใใ“ใซใ„ใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:20
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:21
My expectation is that I expected her to be at the meeting at 7 o'clock.
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็งใฎไบˆๆƒณใงใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏ 7 ๆ™‚ใซไผš่ญฐใซๅ‡บๅธญใ™ใ‚‹ใจไบˆๆƒณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:27
She should have been there at 7.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ 7 ๆ™‚ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:30
Okay?
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07:31
Now, depending on the context, you could also use this sentence for past advice.
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
07:37
So: "She should have been there at 7."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ 7ๆ™‚ใซใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ในใใ ใฃใŸใ€
07:40
But you can also use it to talk about your expectation.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:44
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:46
And then, finally...
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ
07:47
Before finally, let's repeat these sentences, just like we've been doing, so repeat after
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... ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใพใงใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—
07:54
me: "He should be here by now.", "She should have been there at 7."
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:06
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:10
And the final way is to show less certainty or this is known as hedging.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’ไฝŽใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใจใ—ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:17
So, in cards, I think it's Black Jack, if you hedge your bets, you're not putting all
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใงใฏใ€ใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚่ณญใ‘ใ‚’ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
08:24
your bets in one deck of cards.
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ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณญใ‘ใ‚’ 1 ็ต„ใฎใ‚ซใƒผใƒ‰ใซ่ณญใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:26
You're splitting, so you're leaving the possibility open that more than one, you know, way might
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅˆ†่ฃ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใง
08:33
be possible.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:34
So, here, if you want to show less certainty: "This should work."
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใงใ†ใพใใ„ใใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:41
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:42
So if you have a plan or if you are fixing something, or if you...
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่จˆ็”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ...
08:47
Well, yeah, if you're fixing something and you think: "This is supposed to working.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆ
08:53
Okay, this should work."
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ใ€‚
08:56
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:57
If you...
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ใ‚‚ใ—... ไปŠ
08:58
If you push the power button now, it should be fixed by now.
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้›ปๆบใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ›ใฐใ€ใ‚‚ใ† ็›ดใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ 100%
09:01
I'm not saying 100% it will work.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:05
I think it should be okay.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:07
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:08
So, there's another one: "It should be okay."
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผš ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใŒไฝŽใ„ใ“ใจ
09:11
Very common way to show less certainty.
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ใ‚’็คบใ™้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ• ใ€‚
09:14
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:15
Your boss asks you: "When is that project going to be ready?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธŠๅธใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ ใใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏใ„ใค
09:20
When will you be finished that project?"
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ๅฎŒๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏใ„ใคๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
09:22
Say: "I should have it done by tomorrow.
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่จ€ใ„ใพใ™: ใ€Œ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใพใงใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹
09:26
I should.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:28
Probably.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ใ€‚
09:29
But if it's not, don't get too upset.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใใ†ใงใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ€’ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:32
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
09:33
But I should have it done by tomorrow."
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใพใงใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:35
And a very, very common thing to say, especially if you work in, like, the customer service
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้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€็‰นใซใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒžใƒผ ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นๆฅญ็•Œใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
09:41
industry and someone asks you, you know, for an exceptional situation, has an exceptional
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่ชฐใ‹ ใŒไพ‹ๅค–็š„ใช็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ไพ‹ๅค–็š„ใช
09:49
request, and you say: "It shouldn't be a problem."
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่ฆๆฑ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•้กŒใ€‚"
09:53
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใซ
09:55
Maybe I will have some trouble with your request, but it should be okay.
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ใฏๅคšๅฐ‘ใฎไธๅ‚™ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚
10:01
It shouldn't be a problem.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใ„ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
10:03
Now, this is kind of in line with expectation.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€็จฎ ใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใซๆฒฟใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
10:06
It's easy to get them mixed up sometimes, but if you want to show less certainty, if
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ๆททๅŒใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’ไธ‹ใ’ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚„ใ€ไธ€็ท’
10:13
you want to manage the expectations of the people you work for or the people you make
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ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚„
10:18
a promise to, you can use "should" in this way.
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็ด„ๆŸใ—ใŸไบบใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใซๅฟœใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ "should" ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
So, repeat after me: "This should work.", "I should have it done by tomorrow.", "It
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ†ใพใใ„ใใฏใšใ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใพใงใซ
10:36
shouldn't be a problem."
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ•้กŒใชใ„ใฏใšใ ใ€ใจ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:39
Beautiful.
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็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€‚
10:42
So, just to review: There are four ways that you can use "should" in English.
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ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ€Œshouldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ 4 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:50
One, for present or future advice: "You should call him."
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1ใคใฏใ€็พๅœจใพใŸใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎ ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚น๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:55
Two, for past advice or past regrets: "You shouldn't have done that."
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2ใค็›ฎใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„้ŽๅŽปใฎๅพŒๆ‚”ใซใคใ„ใฆ๏ผš ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€
11:02
Three, for expectation: "He should be here by now."
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3ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผ ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆœŸๅพ…ใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:09
And four, to show less certainty or to hedge what you're, you know, promising to someone:
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ใใ—ใฆ 4 ใค็›ฎใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใฏใšใ ใ€ใจ่ชฐใ‹ใซ็ด„ๆŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’ไฝŽใใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ใƒ˜ใƒƒใ‚ธใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
11:17
"This should work."
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ใ€‚
11:19
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:20
So, really by watching these videos, you should be able to improve your English pretty quickly.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใ‹ใชใ‚Šๆ—ฉใไธŠ้”ใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œshouldใ€
11:27
If you want to test your understanding of the four ways to use "should", as always,
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ใฎ 4 ใคใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€www.engvid.com
11:32
you can check out the quiz on www.engvid.com.
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ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
11:35
Don't forget to check me out on Facebook and Twitter, subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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Facebook ใจ Twitter ใง็งใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:40
And if you want to support what we do at engVid, we really appreciate any donation, financial-related,
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ใพใŸใ€engVid ใง็งใŸใกใŒ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€้‡‘้Šญ้–ข้€ฃใฎๅฏ„ไป˜
11:47
that is, that we receive.
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ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็งใŸใกใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใŸๅฏ„ไป˜ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
So you can do that and help us continue doing what we're doing for a long time.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ้•ทใ„้–“ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™.
11:54
Til next time, thanks for clicking.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:56
Should I stay or should I go?
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็งใฏใจใฉใพใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚่กŒใในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:59
Doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo.
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฅใƒผใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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