STOP ๐Ÿšซ - These Common English Mistakes are Absolutely WRONG!

431,670 views ใƒป 2023-07-20

English with Lucy


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
- Hello lovely students and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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- ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ Lucy์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:03
And today, I've got a lesson that I think will give you a real confidence boost, or
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
at least I hope it does because we are going to take linguistic snobbery head-on and address
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
some common mistakes that you might be making that aren't actually mistakes.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Learning English is hard, I get it.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค.
00:21
I've been teaching for quite a while now.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
I'm coming up to my decade of teaching and I've seen the struggle and unfortunately,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ 10๋…„์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•œ
00:28
there are some people out there who seem to exist specifically to make the path to English
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:33
fluency harder.
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.
00:35
You know who you are guys.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
I see it all the time.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.
00:37
It happens to me quite a lot.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚ด ๋™์˜์ƒ
00:39
I get called out in the comment sections of my own videos for making mistakes.
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์˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ํ˜ธ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:44
"You said this wrong."
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
00:45
"You wrote that incorrectly."
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"์ž˜๋ชป ์“ฐ์…จ์–ด์š”."
00:47
"You can't say this, you should say that."
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"์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ์ง€."
00:50
But what the English language police failed to consider is that English is quite a fluid
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์–ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€
00:55
language that doesn't always have hard and fast rules.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ ๋™์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:58
Pronunciation, grammar, sentence structure, and other English conventions have a tendency
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๋ฐœ์Œ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์˜์–ด ๊ด€๋ก€๋Š”
01:03
to change from country to country and even city to city within the same country.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋„์‹œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
So we're going to take a look at a few of these common mistakes, so that you can feel
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
01:13
more confident about your own English.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
But before we do that, it wouldn't be an English with Lucy video without a free PDF to accompany
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ PDF๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” Lucy ๋น„๋””์˜ค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:22
your lesson.
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01:23
We have spent some time making a beautiful PDF that summarises the full lesson today.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด PDF๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Gives you extra information and provides you with a quiz, so you can test your understanding.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
If you'd like to download that and get all of my future PDFs too, all you have to do
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ชจ๋“  PDF๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
01:39
is click on the link in the description box.
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์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Enter your name and your email address.
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์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
You sign up to my mailing list, and the PDF will arrive directly in your inbox.
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๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์ผ๋ง ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด PDF๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์€ ํŽธ์ง€ํ•จ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
And after that, you've joined the PDF club, you'll automatically receive all of my future
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ PDF ํด๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:52
PDFs and eBooks along with my news, course updates, and offers.
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๋‚ด ๋‰ด์Šค, ๊ณผ์ • ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ ์ œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ชจ๋“  PDF ๋ฐ eBook์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:57
It's free, you can unsubscribe at any time.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Okay, let's get started with our first section of the day, pronunciation.
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์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„น์…˜์ธ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:03
Now I want to remind you that English is an official language in over 50 countries worldwide,
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 50๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:09
so there's a wide variety of pronunciation differences between countries and regions.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
So I'm not going to dive too deep into that 'cause we could be here for hours if not days.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊นŠ์ด ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉฐ์น ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Also, I do already have some video lessons about the differences between American and
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€
02:24
British English pronunciation and I'll link those down below.
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์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋งํฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:27
As you may already know, I speak with a modern RP accent, so I'm going to focus on pronunciation
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์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ RP ์–ต์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์–ต์–‘์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:34
mistakes in my specific accent.
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02:36
Let's kick things off with our first word.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
This beauty.
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์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€.
02:40
Sometimes I stare too long at this word and it stops looking like a word.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‹จ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
How should this word be pronounced?
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:46
Should it be the?
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์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:48
Should it be the?
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์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:49
Let me explain.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
I have been told off for saying, that is the best sandwich ever, but I'm right to say that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ , ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
So here are the general rules.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
We typically pronounce it as the when it comes before a vowel sound.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋ฉด the๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:03
The enormous building.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ.
03:04
We say the when it comes before a consonant sound.
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์ž์Œ ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋ฉด the๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:10
The delicious cupcake.
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๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ์ปต์ผ€์ดํฌ.
03:11
Now here's where we get into our first mistake.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
You would often hear English speakers use the first pronunciation, the, to add emphasis
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์˜์–ด ํ™”์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ธ the๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š”
03:20
to what is being said regardless of the sound that follows it.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:23
For example, it's not going to be an ordinary rugby match.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋Ÿญ๋น„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
It is going to be the rugby match of the year.
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋Ÿญ๋น„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
So, if anyone tries to correct your pronunciation in these situations, remind them of this little
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๊ต์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
03:36
fact.
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.
03:37
Sometimes, and I do this a lot, I won't have decided what I'm going to say next.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
So I might extend the into the while I think.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
For example, if I'm reading a menu, I'm going to have the salad, please.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Ÿฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
I just extended it because I was thinking, and that happens a lot.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ ์—ฐ์žฅํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
I don't if you're like me, but I have no idea about what I'm going to order at a restaurant
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ
04:01
until the waiter appears and then I have to make a snap decision.
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์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค .
04:04
Now, in British English we also have loads of words that have multiple pronunciations,
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์ด์ œ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
and because of that, you might have your pronunciation corrected by someone who thinks they know
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๊ต์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:13
the correct way.
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.
04:15
Let's look at a few of these words, so that you can hit them with a bit of truth because
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ช…์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:19
these are the words that you can pronounce incorrectly.
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.
04:22
Number one, this one, controversy, controversy.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ด๊ฒƒ, ๋…ผ์Ÿ, ๋…ผ์Ÿ.
04:26
My preferred pronunciation is controversy, but controversy is also acceptable.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
I suspect that this pronunciation may have been influenced by the American controversy,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘˜ ์ค‘
04:38
but feel free to use either one or either one.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
04:42
And that brings us to our next set of words.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์„ธํŠธ๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Either and neither, or either and neither.
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค.
04:49
People love to correct this one.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
They say it's pronounced either, not either, but guess what?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
04:55
Either or either one is perfectly acceptable.
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์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Use whichever feels right.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์–ด๋Š
05:01
Neither or neither one is more correct than the other.
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์ชฝ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:05
And you will catch me using both pronunciations in the same sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:11
I use them both equally.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Here are a few more common ones.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
We have envelope and envelope.
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๋ด‰ํˆฌ์™€ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
We have this one with three, garage, garage and garage.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ณ , ์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:23
I was brought up to say garage.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
And number five, my husband and I pronounce this differently and we grew up in the same
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ์ธ Bedfordshire์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
county of England, Bedfordshire, privacy, privacy.
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ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ, ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ.
05:32
I was taught to say privacy, he was taught to say privacy.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:35
Number six, we have finance, finance, and finance.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๊ธˆ์œต, ๊ธˆ์œต, ๊ธˆ์œต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
I must say that finance is more common.
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๊ธˆ์œต์ด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Number seven, data or data.
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์ผ๊ณฑ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ.
05:47
Number eight, zebra, more common in British English.
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์ˆซ์ž 8, ์–ผ๋ฃฉ๋ง, ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:49
Zebra, more common in American English.
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์–ผ๋ฃฉ๋ง, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
Notice that we say A to Z, they say A to Z.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” A์—์„œ Z๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ A์—์„œ Z๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
I don't want to start conspiracy theory, but that could have something to do with it.
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์ €๋Š” ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Number nine, this one always surprises me.
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์•„ํ™‰ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
I was taught to say, harassment, but other people say harassment . And number 10, often
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๋กฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚จ๋“ค ์€ ํฌ๋กฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  10๋ฒˆ์€ ์ž์ฃผ
06:10
or often.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Do we say often like soften with no T, or often?
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T๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž์ฃผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:15
I was brought up to say often and then a teacher corrected me, so I switched to often, but
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ๋งํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๊ณ ์ณ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ž์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜๊ตญ
06:21
I hear both pronunciations used across the UK.
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์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:25
Now please remember, if your pronunciation and accent aren't perfect when using these
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์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ์–ต์–‘์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„
06:30
or any words in English, don't worry.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:32
Even attempting to pronounce some of these rather difficult words is a feat in and of
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์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์œ„์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:37
itself.
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.
06:38
So let's shake it off and move on to a bit of grammar.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋–จ์ณ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค .
06:40
So, this is where things start to get fun because people on the internet love to show
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:44
off their English skills by calling out others on their poor use of grammar.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
But lucky for you, I'm about to set the record straight on a few of the most common errors
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šด์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ œ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:53
that really grind my gears.
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.
06:55
I'm good.
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๋‚œ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:56
Raise your hand, in your tiny little screen, if this has happened to you.
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์ž‘์€ ํ™”๋ฉด์—์„œ ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
07:01
You're talking to someone and they ask you, "How are you?"
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ "์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด์„ธ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
And you respond with, "I'm good."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข‹๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
To which they respond, "Don't you mean I'm well?"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Well, I think it's time to look at the facts.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Good is an adjective that modifies a noun.
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Good์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
So in the response I am good, good is simply describing that I, as the subject, am free
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ I am good, good์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
of problems and everything is fine.
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.
07:23
We often use adjectives after the verb to be, they are called predictive adjectives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… be ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธก ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
For example, I am hungry, not I am hungrily.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”ˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”ˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Meredith is angry, not Meredith is angrily.
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๋ฉ”๋Ÿฌ๋””์Šค๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉ”๋Ÿฌ๋””์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ™”๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
So the response, I'm good, is perfectly acceptable, but often incorrectly considered a mistake.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
But why?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™œ?
07:42
And I consider this to be a mistake in the past and I'm pretty sure my dad still corrects
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
07:46
my mum on this when she's not actually wrong.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์•„ ์ฃผ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
But why is this?
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์™œ?
07:49
Well, I think that this unnecessary connection stems from the fact that some people assume
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:54
that I'm well is a shortened form of I'm doing well.
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I'm well์ด I'm doing well์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:58
In this case, well, is more grammatically correct because we are modifying the verb,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ doing์„ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
doing.
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.
08:04
The response, I'm doing good, would not be appropriate for grammar snobs because we don't
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I'm doing good์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต์€
08:10
use an adjective to describe a verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์Šค๋†‰์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
08:13
Unless you are actually doing something good, like, donating to charity or volunteering,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ,
08:18
then you would be doing good.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
I'm doing good is still commonly used in some dialects of spoken English, so keep that in
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I'm doing good์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐฉ์–ธ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์„ธ์š”
08:23
mind.
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.
08:24
But as a response to how are you?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์„ธ์š”?
08:26
I'm good is totally fine, so use it with confidence.
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I'm good ์™„์ „ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:30
Number two, let's tackle less versus fewer.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
And it took me ages to grasp this one myself and I may have incorrectly called people out
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ณ 
08:38
on this in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ถˆ๋ €์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Whoops, I repent.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
Have you ever been at a shop and seen a sign that says, 10 items or less?
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๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ 10๊ฐœ ์ดํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:46
And have you ever stopped to consider that less isn't actually the correct word to use?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  less๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:49
A snooty grammar critic would claim that the correct word is fewer.
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์˜ค๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:54
Why?
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์™œ?
08:55
Well, according to traditional grammar rules, fewer should be used when referring to countable
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์Œ, ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ less๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:00
nouns.
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09:01
Things that can be physically counted like books, cups, stuffed animals and other items.
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์ฑ…, ์ปต, ๋™๋ฌผ ์ธํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
09:06
While less should be used for noncountable nouns, those that represent concepts, or substances
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less๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๋ฌผ, ์ง€์‹, ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
09:13
that cannot be easily separated or counted, such as water, knowledge, and beauty to name
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:18
a few.
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09:19
Now, I did mention in a previous video that using less instead of fewer is a common mistake,
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์ด์ „ ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ less ๋Œ€์‹  less๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:23
but it's really important to know the rules before you break them.
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๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:27
You're allowed to break the rules.
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๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
Just not in exams.
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์‹œํ—˜์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
In everyday English, many people tend to disregard the rules and use less in situations where
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์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:35
fewer would be technically more appropriate.
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.
09:38
I think some of this disregard comes from the fact that it's not always obvious if a
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌด์‹œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:42
noun is countable or not.
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. ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ
09:43
I think if you asked most English people on the street, what an accountable or uncountable
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์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
09:48
noun is, there'd be none the wiser.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
Plus, replacing fewer with less almost always creates a sentence that is perfectly understandable
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, less๋ฅผ less๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:56
as it is.
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.
09:57
We had fewer customers today than yesterday.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์–ด์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์†๋‹˜์ด ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
We had less customers today than yesterday.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์–ด์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์†๋‹˜์ด ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
Both are understandable.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
This type of word switching is a common linguistic phenomenon where language evolves and adapts
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ „ํ™˜์€ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:09
to the usage patterns of its speakers.
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ํ™”์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํŒจํ„ด์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
As a result, the distinction between fewer and less has become blurred in colloquial
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” less์™€ less์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:15
English and the sign hanging up in your supermarket is just an example of that.
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์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํŒ์ด ๊ทธ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
Okay, on to number three, whom or who?
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์ข‹์•„์š”, 3๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ?
10:25
That's the question for now, that is...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰... who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:27
Nothing seems to get grammar purists more riled up than someone using who when they
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋” ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:33
should have used whom.
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.
10:34
Well, unfortunately for them, whom has been on a steady decline in use since the 1800s
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ 1800๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
10:39
and we may see it vanish before our very eyes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
Let's do a quick review, so you can see the traditional rule of thumb.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
Who is used as a subject pronoun.
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Who๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ
10:48
It's used to refer to an unknown subject of a sentence performing the action or being
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์˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:53
described like in these examples.
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.
10:55
She is the one who won the award.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Who ate the last slice of cake?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ผ€์ดํฌ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:00
Whom is used as an object pronoun.
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Whom์€ ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ
11:02
It's used to refer to an unknown object of a verb or preposition.
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์˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:06
It typically follows a preposition or a verb that takes a direct object.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:11
For example, to whom are you speaking?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:14
Or whom did you invite to the company picnic?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์•ผ์œ ํšŒ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:18
These days it's often considered too formal to use whom in everyday conversation.
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
You're much more likely to hear, who you're speaking to?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
11:27
Who did you invite to the company picnic?
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์•ผ์œ ํšŒ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ˆ?
11:29
We can survive perfectly without it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด๋„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
I don't see many causes for confusion with the decline of whom.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‡ ํ‡ด์™€ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•  ๋งŽ์€ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค .
11:34
For this reason, whom is rapidly losing its popularity, so don't feel too down if you
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ who๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
11:38
get corrected for using who instead of whom.
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who ๋Œ€์‹  who๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‹œ์ •๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚™์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
11:41
You probably won't have to worry about it for too much longer.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:43
Let's talk about prepositions in their proper places.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค .
11:46
Now, you may have noticed another common error in one of my examples in our previous section.
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์ด์ œ ์ด์ „ ์„น์…˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:53
Who are you talking to?
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๋„ˆ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ๋ž‘ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์–ด?
11:55
That's right, I put a preposition at the end of my sentence and I am not bloody sorry about
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๋งž์•„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:00
it.
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.
12:01
I'm sorry, I'm not sorry.
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๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด, ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„.
12:02
I've already addressed this in another video, so I'm not going to spend too much time on
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:06
it.
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.
12:07
But in spoken English and honestly, in most written communication, it's absolutely fine
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์™€ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์—์„œ
12:12
to end a sentence with a preposition.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
For example, I've never been there before.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
What are you up to?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋„๋ก
12:18
We'll try to stop by.
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ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€
12:20
Don't let anyone tell you otherwise unless it's some sort of formal test, then you might
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์•„๋‹Œ ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
12:25
want to consider restructuring your sentences to appease the grammar perfectionists.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์™„๋ฒฝ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ž˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Last one, and this one really grinds my gears.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋‚ด ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
They and their are not only plural.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
People get pretty angry about they and their being used as singular pronouns.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:42
It is totally acceptable to use they and their as singular pronouns to refer to individuals
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12:47
whose gender is unknown, irrelevant, or, and this is the one that gets people upset, people
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:54
who prefer not to be identified by a specific gender.
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ํŠน์ • ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
That one has featured more on the internet and in the media recently, but the previous
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ „์˜
13:02
case, as I mentioned, unknown gender, irrelevant gender, have always used they and their.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
Traditionally, they has been used as a plural subject pronoun.
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
However, as English has evolved, the singular they has gained widespread acceptance and
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜๊ณ 
13:15
usage.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ • ์—†์ด ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ
13:16
It helps to provide a gender neutral alternative when talking to a singular person without
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์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:21
making assumptions about gender.
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.
13:22
The traditional use of his or her as an object pronoun placeholder is seen as slightly outdated.
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฆฌ ํ‘œ์‹œ์ž๋กœ์˜ his ๋˜๋Š” her์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
We now see their used more frequently.
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์ด์ œ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
For example, someone left their umbrella in the office, instead of saying, someone left
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
13:37
his or her umbrella in the office.
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์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์™”๋‹ค.
13:39
It just makes sense to me to say their.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
Or, your new patient said they would call back.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:43
I didn't assume their gender.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
They will call you back.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
I probably don't know their gender.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
13:48
They might have written an email.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
They will call you back.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
If someone tries to correct you about they and their and how they should only be used
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:54
as plural pronouns, just kindly remind them that you prefer to adapt to changes in language
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, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ˆ์ „ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์–ฝ๋งค์ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— โ€‹โ€‹์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
13:59
rather than remaining stuck in the old ways.
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.
14:01
So, that's it for this lesson.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
Don't forget to download the PDF.
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PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:06
The link is in the description box.
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๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…๋ž€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
All you have to do is enter your name and your email address and it'll arrive straight
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์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:11
to you.
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.
14:12
Don't forget to check out all of my courses.
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๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:14
We have my B1, B2 and, C1 programme, the 12 week programmes.
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B1, B2, C1 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ, 12 ์ฃผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
And they are, if I do say so myself, absolutely spectacular.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
We have poured our heart and soul into these programmes and they're now ready for you to
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ€์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
14:27
take.
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
Again, the link for that is in the description box.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:32
I will see you soon for another lesson.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
Muah!
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๋ฌด์•„!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7