Tips for using PRESENT PERFECT Tense in IELTS Speaking | Keith's Grammar Guides

259,926 views ใƒป 2020-09-13

English Speaking Success


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
- Hi guys, it's Keith
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- ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏ
00:02
from the Keith Speaking Academy.
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ใ€ใ‚ญใƒผใ‚น ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒผใฎใ‚ญใƒผใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:04
And welcome to part two of this video on the Present Tenses.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:08
Last time, part one, we looked at the present simple
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ๅ‰ๅ›žใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 1 ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝข
00:12
and present continuous and today,
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ใจ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
00:14
it's the present perfect simple,
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขๅ˜็ด”ๅฝข
00:17
and the present perfect continuous.
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ใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
00:19
And I'll be showing you how all four present tenses
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4 ใคใฎ็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถ
00:23
are connected and how you can use them in IELTS Speaking.
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ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ ใ€ใพใŸ IELTS ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:27
Let's do it!
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ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผ
00:29
(upbeat music)
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๏ผˆๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰
00:39
Okay, let's move on.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:41
Oh, but first, I usually drink tea in the morning
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ใ‚ใ€ใงใ‚‚ใพใšใ€ๆœใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€ใฎ
00:51
but today, I'm drinking water.
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆฐดใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:54
Get it?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
00:56
Why did I say I usually drink tea?
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ใชใœ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:59
That's right, because it's a habit I have
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
01:03
but why did I say today I'm drinking water?
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ใŒใ€ใชใœไปŠๆ—ฅ ใฏๆฐดใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹?
01:08
Because it's temporary, it's only today, exactly.
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ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:12
Now after that refreshing sip of water,
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ใ•ใ‚ใ‚„ใ‹ใชๆฐดใ‚’ไธ€ๅฃ้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎ 3
01:16
let's move on to number three, the present perfect.
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็•ชใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:23
Now this is a present tense.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ€‚
01:25
It's the present perfect,
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™
01:26
but it has a connection to the past, right?
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ใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:30
And there are four basic ways we can use this.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒ 4 ใคใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:33
So make a note and I'll go through each one.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ใจใฃ ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:36
We can talk about how long you've done something.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
We can talk about a present result.
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็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:44
Something happened in the past
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้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใ‹
01:46
and has a result in the present.
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ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจใซใใฎ็ตๆžœใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
We can talk about experiences, life experiences,
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็งใŸใกใฏ ็ตŒ้จ“ใ€ไบบ็”Ÿ
01:52
and we can talk about something called unfinished time.
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็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ๆœชๅฎŒใฎๆ™‚้–“ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
01:56
Let me do them one by one.
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ไธ€ใคไธ€ใคใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:58
Let's begin with how long, okay, so.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:05
You'll remember I said I live in Santander.
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็งใŒใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
02:08
I came here actually in 2017.
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็งใฏ2017ๅนดใซใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸ.2017ๅนด
02:11
So I have lived here since 2017
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ใ‹ใ‚‰
02:17
or I have lived here for three years.
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ใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€3ๅนด้–“ใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™.
02:20
Other examples, I have worked here for three years
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ไป–ใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ“ใง 3 ๅนด้–“
02:25
or I've worked here since 2018.
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ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏ 2018 ๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
I'll explain in a moment.
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ๅพŒใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:30
Last example, I've studied Chinese for 10 years.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ ไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ 10 ๅนด้–“ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:35
(gasping) 10 years, such a long time.
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(ใ‚ใˆใŽ) 10ๅนดใ€้•ทใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
02:38
Maybe longer, actually.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้•ทใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:39
No, I've studied Chinese for almost, wow, 18 years.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใปใผ 18 ๅนด้–“ไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
02:44
Holy moly. (giggles)
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ใƒ›ใƒผใƒชใƒผใƒขใƒชใƒผใ€‚ (
02:47
Wode maya (Chinese for 'my goodness!') (laughing)
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ใใ™ใใ™็ฌ‘ใ†) Wode maya (ไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใง ใ€Œ็งใฎ่‰ฏใ•!ใ€) (็ฌ‘ใ„)
02:49
So how long?
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
02:51
We can talk about so when you began something in the past,
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้ŽๅŽปใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใ€
02:54
it continues up until now,
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใพใง็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ
02:56
and then you tell people how long, right?
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“ไบบใ€…ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:58
So questions in IELTS, again, when people say,
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IELTS ใงใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ€Œ
03:03
where do you live?
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ใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
03:05
What do you do?
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03:05
What do you study?
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่ทๆฅญใฏใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:07
You can say, I live in blah-blah-blah.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:09
I have lived here since blah-blah-blah
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็งใฏไฝ•ใจใ‹ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹
03:14
or I study Chinese at the university.
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ใ‹ใ€ๅคงๅญฆใงไธญๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:17
I have studied there for three years.
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็งใฏใใ“ใง3ๅนด้–“ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:21
Hopefully, not for 18 years.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€18ๅนด้–“ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:23
They would kick you out if you haven't graduated, right?
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ๅ’ๆฅญใ—ใชใ„ใจ่ฟฝใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:28
So let's, first of all,
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใšใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†
03:30
have a look at the form of the present perfect.
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ๅฝขใฎๅฝขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:34
So we would use the subjects I, you, he,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธป่ชž Iใ€youใ€heใ€
03:38
have or has plus the past participle, right?
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have ใพใŸใฏ has ใจ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:43
I have lived here for two years.
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ2ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:47
He has broken his leg.
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ๅฝผใฏ่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:49
Poor thing.
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ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใใ†ใ€‚
03:51
I've visited Paris.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
So notice, again, in spoken English,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใง
03:56
we usually do the contraction, right?
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ใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๅŽ็ธฎใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
03:58
I have, I've.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ€ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:01
I have lived, I've lived.
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็”ŸใใฆใใŸใ€็”ŸใใฆใใŸใ€‚
04:04
Say that with me.
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:06
I've lived.
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็งใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:08
He's lived.
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ๅฝผใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:10
He's lived here for 10 years.
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ๅฝผใฏใ“ใ“ใซ10ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:14
Nice, notice the for becomes for, for 10 years.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€for ใŒ for, for 10 years ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:20
He's lived here for 10 years.
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ๅฝผใฏใ“ใ“ใซ10ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:23
I've visited Paris.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:26
Now, that's interesting 'cause it's I've visited.
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ ใฎใฏใ€็งใŒ่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:30
There's no break, right?
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ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:31
I've visited Paris.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:33
I've visited Paris.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:36
(chuckles) Lovely, good.
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(็ฌ‘ใ„) ็ด ๆ•ตใงใ™ใญใ€‚
04:38
In the negative, again, the subject with has,
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ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใฏใ€ๅ†ใณ ใ€has ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ไธป่ชžใซ
04:41
have, not plus the participle,
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ๅˆ†่ฉžใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆ
04:44
the past participle, putting in the contractions, right?
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใ‚’ ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
04:51
I haven't worked here long.
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใง้•ทใ„้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:54
Have not, I haven't worked here long.
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใง้•ทใๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:59
She hasn't broken her arm.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่…•ใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:02
Hooray, I was so worried about her.
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ใ‚„ใฃใŸใƒผใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:05
She hasn't broken her arm after all.
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็ตๅฑ€ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่…•ใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:09
She hasn't visited London.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:11
She hasn't visited London, okay?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใพใ ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‚’่จชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:15
When we talk about those experiences
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05:17
of I haven't visited London,
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็งใŒใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€
05:19
we sometimes say never, not or never.
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€neverใ€notใ€never ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:22
I've never visited London or I haven't visited London yet.
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็งใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸ ใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ€ใพใ ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„.
05:29
Maybe I will in the future.
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ๅคšๅˆ†็งใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:32
So that's the form.
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
05:34
Before we look at the second use
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2 ๅ›ž็›ฎใฎไฝฟ็”จใ€ใพใŸใฏ 4 ๅ›ž็›ฎ
05:36
or just a quick word about four and since, right?
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ไปฅ้™ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
05:38
When we're talking about how long, when do we use since?
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ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใจใใ€ใ„ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
05:44
A clue, I have lived here since 2017.
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ€็งใฏ 2017 ๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
05:51
Correct, good.
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05:51
It's for a point in time, 2017.
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ใ€‚ๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚
2017 ๅนดใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ™ใ€‚5
05:56
May, August, July, last week.
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ๆœˆใ€8 ๆœˆใ€7 ๆœˆใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
06:01
I've lived here since last week.
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็งใฏๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:03
I've lived here since January.
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1ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:05
I've lived here since point in time.
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็งใฏใใฎๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
For, on the other hand, I've lived here for three years.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ“ใซ 3 ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:14
Good, it's the duration, right?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:16
Three years, two months, five hours.
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ไธ‰ๅนดไบŒใƒถๆœˆไบ”ๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
06:21
I've lived here for five hours.
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ5ๆ™‚้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
What, really seriously?
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ไฝ•ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ๏ผŸ
06:24
Yes, I've just moved in.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—
06:25
I've just opened the door.
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ใฆใใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:26
I've literally lived here for five hours.
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็งใฏๆ–‡ๅญ—้€šใ‚Šใ“ใ“ใซ5ๆ™‚้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:29
Of course, that's not true.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:31
I've lived here since May last year.
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ๅŽปๅนดใฎ5ๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
06:35
So I've lived here for just over a year, actually.
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ 1ๅนดไปฅไธŠไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:40
That's true.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใ ใ€‚
06:41
In this flat.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒƒใƒˆใงใ€‚
06:43
We used to live in another flat in Santander.
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็งใŸใก ใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใฎๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:46
Okay, good.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:48
Let's move on to number two.
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2็•ช็›ฎใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:54
The present result.
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็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
06:56
So when something in the past happens
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ถณ
06:58
like you broke your leg and then the result
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ใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ
07:02
in the present is I can see you have a cast on your leg,
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ใ€็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใฏใ€ ่ถณใซใ‚ฎใƒ—ใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ
07:06
you're using crutches and I go, oh dear,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€ๆพ่‘‰ๆ–ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:10
you've broken your leg or you say,
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07:12
"Oh dear, I've broken my leg,"
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ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€
07:14
and we can see the result here now, okay?
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ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็ตๆžœใŒใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
07:19
Now then with that, you never identify the time.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€
07:23
You don't say I've broken my leg last week.
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็งใŒ่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใŸใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
07:27
No, right?
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ๆจฉๅˆฉใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผŸ
07:28
If you put the time, it's the past simple.
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ๆ™‚ใ‚’็ฝฎใ‘ใฐใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซ้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚
07:31
I broke my leg last week, but look, I've broken my leg.
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑ่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใปใ‚‰ใ€่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ— ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:37
You're emphasizing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:38
Look now the impacts on the present, right?
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็พๅœจใธใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:43
Now we can use this in IELTS.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใงIELTSใงไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:44
For example, especially in part three
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็‰นใซ็ฌฌ 3 ้ƒจ
07:47
where they may ask you,
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ใง่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
07:48
how has something changed in recent years?
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ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐๅนดใงไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
07:52
Or how has this had an impact on something, right?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
07:57
And if you want to show the results now,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็ตๆžœใ‚’ไปŠ่กจ็คบใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
08:00
for example we might say,
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ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ
08:03
we can see the government has made a U-turn.
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ใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒ U ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
We can see Donald Trump has made a mistake.
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ใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ— ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:12
We can see COVID has had a big impact on us.
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COVIDใŒ ็งใŸใกใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:18
So that cue of weakened see is showing the result
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅผฑไฝ“ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ‚็…งใฎๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใฏใ€็พๅœจๆ™‚ๅˆถใง ็ตๆžœใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„
08:23
in the present tense.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:24
So you're probably going to use the present perfect.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:27
We can see Trump has made a mistake.
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ใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ—ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:31
We can see COVID has had a big impact on us, okay?
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COVIDใŒ ็งใŸใกใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:37
Of course, there are different tenses you can use
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
08:40
but the present perfect gives you that,
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏ
08:43
something in the past with a present result.
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ใ€็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ไผดใ†้ŽๅŽปใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
You're emphasizing the present result, okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:55
We also use present perfect
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ใพใŸใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
08:57
to talk about experiences in our life.
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
So you may get the same tense in the question, right?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:05
Have you ever cooked?
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ๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
09:06
Have you ever run a marathon?
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ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
09:08
Have you ever done this or that, right?
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ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚„ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:11
Yes, I have cooked.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๆ–™็†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:14
Yes, I have run a marathon.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:16
You can see it's a life experience
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09:18
when using the present perfect.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไบบ็”Ÿ็ตŒ้จ“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:20
Or interestingly, the question
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ใพใŸใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€
09:23
what new hobby would you like to try?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ถฃๅ‘ณใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?
09:27
Well, I've never tried parachuting
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ทใƒฅใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
09:30
or well, I've never tried painting
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09:33
or I've never tried sailing, so I might try that, right?
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ใ€็ตตใ‚’ๆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ปใƒผใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚‚่ฉฆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚
09:37
Talk about things you haven't done,
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ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฎใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™
09:39
and therefore, you want to try something new, right?
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ใฎใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ?
09:43
Also present perfect, I haven't been sailing.
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ใพใŸใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใ€ ็งใฏ่ˆชๆตทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:47
I've never tried sailing, so I would like to have a go.
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ใ‚ปใƒผใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ ใ—ใฆใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:51
And now one of the most common one is talking about
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎ1ใคใฏใ€
09:53
places you have visited.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จชใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™.
09:55
I've been to Paris.
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:56
I've been to London.
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็งใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:58
I've been to New Delhi.
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒ‡ใƒชใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:00
When you say that, again, don't say when.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ„ใคใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:04
So you can't say I've been to London last week.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒๅ…ˆ้€ฑใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
10:07
No, no, no, no, no.
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ใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„ใ„ใ‚„ใ€‚
10:08
I went to London last week, right?
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็งใฏๅ…ˆ้€ฑใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:11
The present perfect is just to show the experience like hey,
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏ
10:15
I've been to London, right?
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ใ€ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:17
What's important is not when, it's the experience, right?
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ๅคงไบ‹ใชใฎใฏใ„ใคใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ ใฆ็ตŒ้จ“ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
10:22
Hey, I can speak English.
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ใญใˆใ€็งใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:23
I've been to London.
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็งใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:27
I can speak a bit of French.
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็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใŒๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉฑใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:28
I've been to Paris, right?
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็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒชใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:31
That kind of thing.
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ€‚
10:34
Good, let's move on.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚‚ใ†ใ€‚
10:40
The next one is unfinished time.
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ๆฌกใฏๆœชๅฎŒใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:46
I usually drink tea, but now,
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ๆ™ฎๆฎตใฏใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
10:55
I'm drinking water.
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ไปŠใฏๆฐดใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:56
Nice one, you are learning very quickly, good.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้€Ÿใๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใญใ€‚
11:01
Unfinished time.
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ๆœชๅฎŒใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
11:03
Unfinished time is basically when we use,
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ๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏ
11:06
we're talking about a period of time that has not finished.
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ใ€ๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆœŸ้–“ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:10
Like today, I've eaten a lot today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:14
I've had two cups of water.
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็งใฏ2ๆฏใฎๆฐดใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:16
I've had one cup of coffee today
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11:20
because today is not finished.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ไธ€ๆฏ้ฃฒใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:23
Yesterday, I had a cup of coffee,
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ไธ€ๆฏ้ฃฒใ‚“
11:26
but today, I've had two cups of coffee.
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ใ ใŒใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ไบŒๆฏ้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
11:30
That unfinished time, we can use the present perfect.
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ใใฎๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:33
For example, I haven't done any sport this month.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏไปŠๆœˆใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:38
Now, that would be great, right?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:40
If somebody asks you, do you often do sport?
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่ชฐใ‹ใซ่žใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
11:43
Yes I do.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:44
I usually do.
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็งใฏ้€šๅธธใใ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:46
I usually play football,
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ๆ™ฎๆฎตใฏใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผ
11:48
but I haven't done any sport this month.
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ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠๆœˆใฏใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:52
This month hasn't finished, right?
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ไปŠๆœˆใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใŸใฎใง
11:53
I haven't done any sport this month
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ใ€ไปŠๆœˆใฏใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
11:55
because I've broken my leg, ta-da! (chuckles)
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ใ€‚ (็ฌ‘ใ„ๅฃฐ)
12:01
Right, good.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
12:02
What about the question, do you like traveling?
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่ณชๅ•ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ—…่กŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:05
Yes, I love traveling
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ใฏใ„ใ€็งใฏๆ—…่กŒ
12:07
but I haven't traveled at all this summer.
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ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅคใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ—…่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:11
It's now August, summer hasn't finished.
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8ๆœˆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅคใฏใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:14
I haven't traveled at all this summer because of COVID-19.
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COVID-19 ใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎๅคใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ—…่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
12:19
I don't think it's very safe, right?
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ ใจใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:23
Can you see how we're developing the answers?
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็งใŸใกใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’้–‹็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ‹?
12:25
We can use different tenses to create different meanings.
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ™‚ๅˆถ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:30
How often do you eat fast food?
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ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใงใƒ•ใ‚กใ‚นใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ‹?
12:33
Well, usually, I eat quite a lot of fast food, right?
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ใˆใˆใจใ€้€šๅธธใ€็งใฏ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚นใƒˆใƒ•ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
12:40
But I haven't been to a restaurant
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎ 3 ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“ใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
12:43
in the last three months.
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ใ€‚
12:45
The last three months is unfinished time.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 3 ใ‹ๆœˆใฏๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:47
We're still within those three months, right?
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ใพใ  3ใƒถๆœˆไปฅๅ†…ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:51
I haven't been to a restaurant.
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็งใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ go
12:53
Notice the past participle of go can be been.
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ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉž ใฏ bened ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:58
It can be gone if you're still there, right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใพใ ใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใชใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
13:01
He has gone to London.
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ๅฝผใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:03
He's still there, but he has been to London means
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ๅฝผใฏใพใ ใใ“ใซใ„ ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ
13:08
he went and came back.
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ใ€่กŒใฃใฆๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ 3 ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“
13:10
I have not been to a restaurant these last three months.
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ใ€็งใฏใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
13:17
Present perfect, unfinished time.
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็พๅœจใฎๅฎŒ็’งใชใ€ๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ€‚
13:19
Excellent, so remember, it's all about creating the meaning.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ™ในใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
13:24
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:30
Okay, let's move into the fourth tense,
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ใงใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎ็ฌฌ 4 ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ็งปใ‚Š
13:32
the present perfect continuous.
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:36
Great, now let me take you back, ti-di-di-di,
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ใงใฏ
13:39
to the beginning of the video.
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ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†’้ ญใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:41
And you remember when we looked at the question,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ
13:44
where do you live, right?
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
13:46
I said, you could actually say, I live in Santander.
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็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
I am living in Santander.
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:54
And then my family in England will be happy.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹็งใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฏ ๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:57
I have lived in Santander since 2017
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2017 ๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€2017 ๅนดใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซไฝใ‚“ใง
14:02
or I have been living in Santander since 2017.
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14:06
They're all correct.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:08
So what's the difference between the last two?
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ใงใฏ ใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ2ใคใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:10
I have lived here or I have been living here?
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ“ใ“ใซไฝใ‚“ใง ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
14:14
Well, they're very, very similar.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ˆใไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:17
The difference is very, very small actually.
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้•ใ„ใฏ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:20
And I think you can use both perfectly fine.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅ•้กŒใชใไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:28
The slight difference is the first.
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ใ‚ใšใ‹ใช้•ใ„ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
14:31
I have lived in Santander for three years.
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซ 3 ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:36
The emphasis is on the action, have lived.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ้‡่ฆ–ใงใ€็”Ÿใใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:39
I have lived in Santander for three years.
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็งใฏใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซ 3 ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:42
I have been living in Santander for three years,
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็งใฏ ใ‚ตใƒณใ‚ฟใƒณใƒ‡ใƒผใƒซใซ 3 ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„
14:45
the emphasis is more on the time, right?
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใซ้‡็‚นใŒ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
14:49
For three years, I've been living for three years.
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3ๅนด้–“ใ€็งใฏ 3ๅนด้–“็”Ÿใใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:52
Of course, I know the city, right?
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏ่ก—ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:56
Somebody comes to visit and says,
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จชใญใฆใใฆใ€
14:57
"Do you know any good restaurants?"
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ใ€ŒใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:59
Of course, I do.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚
15:00
I've been living here for three years.
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ3ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:03
Emphasis on the time, the present perfect continuous
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ๆ™‚้–“ใซ้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไธกๆ–น
15:07
is probably the better tense to use,
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถ
15:10
although you can use both.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:11
I think you can interchange both
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
15:14
but if you want to emphasize the time,
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ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
15:16
present perfect continuous, right?
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅ‹้”ใ‚’
15:19
Imagine you're waiting for a friend, right?
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ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:22
Agh, then like an hour later,
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ 1 ๆ™‚้–“ๅพŒใใ‚‰ใ„ใซใ€
15:24
they turn up and say, "Oh, I'm so sorry I'm late."
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็พใ‚Œใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ้…ใ‚Œใฆใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:28
And you go, come on, I've been waiting for an hour, right?
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็งใฏ 1ๆ™‚้–“ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:33
If you say, I've waited for an hour,
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1ๆ™‚้–“ๅพ…ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃ
15:36
it doesn't have the same impact, right?
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ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:39
You want to emphasize the time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚
15:41
Oh yeah, I've been waiting for three bloody hours.
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ใใ†ใใ†ใ€็งใฏ 3 ๆ™‚้–“ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
15:45
Pardon my French, right?
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็งใฎใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่จฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญใ€‚
15:47
But so this is what I mean about creating meaning.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใ‚’ๅ‰ต้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
15:50
You can create a feeling
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15:51
by using the present perfect continuous, right?
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็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒไฝœใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
15:55
Let's have a look.
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ใฟใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใฎ
15:56
So the same with when the questions, what do you study?
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ใจใใจๅŒใ˜ใง ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:01
Where do you work?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ“ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:03
Well, I work as a teacher.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:04
I've been working as a teacher for 20 years, right?
298
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็งใฏ 20ๅนด้–“ๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
16:09
Showing off your experience.
299
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ๆŠซ้œฒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:11
For 20 years, I've been working for a teacher.
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20ๅนด้–“ใ€็งใฏ ๆ•™ๅธซใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:14
I've not been working for a teacher,
301
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็งใฏๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€20ๅนด้–“ๆ•™ๅธซ
16:16
I've been working as a teacher for 20 years, right?
302
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ใจใ—ใฆๅƒใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ‚ˆใญ?
16:20
Okay, let's nail the form.
303
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚’้‡˜ไป˜ใ‘ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:24
So we have the subjects as me,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใง
16:28
not me, it's I, you, he, she,
305
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ใฏใชใใ€็งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€
16:30
have or has with been, not Mr. Bean or the bean that you eat
306
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ ใƒ“ใƒผใƒณใ•ใ‚“ใ‚„ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ฃŸในใ‚‹่ฑ†ใงใฏ
16:37
but been, B-E-E, B-E.
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ใชใใ€B-E-Eใ€B-E.
16:42
(laughing)
308
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(็ฌ‘)
16:44
What am I doing?
309
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ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ
16:46
B-E-E-N.
310
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ใใฎ้–“ใ€‚
16:49
B-E-E-N, B-E-E-N.
311
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B-E-E-Nใ€B-E-E-Nใ€‚
16:54
So if that's not confused you, I don't know what has.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ› ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใŒๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
16:57
Subject plus have or has, plus been
313
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ไธป่ชžใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น have ใพใŸใฏ hasใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น been
17:00
plus verb plus ing, okay?
314
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅ‹•่ฉžใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น ing ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
17:04
For example, I have been living here for two years.
315
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ“ใซ 2 ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:07
He has been driving since he was 18 years old, right?
316
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ๅฝผใฏ18ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‰้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
17:13
The negative, subject, plus have or has,
317
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ๅฆๅฎš่ชžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚น have ใพใŸใฏ hasใ€
17:17
not, been, plus the verb ing, right?
318
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notใ€beenใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นๅ‹•่ฉž ing ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
17:22
Again, with the contraction.
319
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ๅ†ใณใ€ๅŽ็ธฎใจใจใ‚‚ใซใ€‚
17:24
I haven't been living here long.
320
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ้•ทใไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:27
She hasn't been working here for more than a month, okay?
321
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ“ ใง 1 ใ‹ๆœˆไปฅไธŠๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚
17:32
So that's the form.
322
1052720
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
17:38
So one of the big uses of the present perfect continuous
323
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎๅคงใใช็”จ้€”ใฎ 1 ใค
17:42
is about a temporary activity.
324
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ใฏใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชๆดปๅ‹•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
17:46
So remember, the continuous tense
325
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็ถ™็ถšใฎ
17:48
like the continuous has this feeling of temporary.
326
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:52
So temporary activities that are happening in the past
327
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้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใŸไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชๆดปๅ‹•ใงใ™ใŒ
17:57
but still today or recently,
328
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ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใพใŸใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ€
17:59
we often say, what have you been doing recently?
329
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใจใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
18:03
What have you been doing?
330
1083100
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ใ„ใ‹ใŒใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
18:04
What have you been doing lately?
331
1084340
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ
18:06
That's nice, isn't it?
332
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1400
ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
18:07
Instead of what have you been doing?
333
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
18:10
What have you been doing?
334
1090050
1430
ใ„ใ‹ใŒใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
18:11
What have you been doing?
335
1091480
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ใ„ใ‹ใŒใŠ้Žใ”ใ—ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
18:13
Nice chunk, right?
336
1093290
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ใ„ใ„ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใงใ™ใญใ€‚
18:15
What have you been doing recently?
337
1095350
2233
ๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:18
Well, I've been decorating my house.
338
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฎถใซ้ฃพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:21
I've been busy helping my daughter with her homework.
339
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็งใฏๅจ˜ใฎๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใฎใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ ใ€‚
18:26
I've been learning how to paint, right?
340
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4410
็งใฏ็ตตใ‚’ๆใๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
18:30
Temporary activities or new activities
341
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ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชๆดปๅ‹•ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
18:34
that started in the past but continue now, today.
342
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4510
้ŽๅŽปใซ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ใŒ็พๅœจใ‚‚็ถ™็ถšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆดปๅ‹•ใ€‚
18:39
Some more examples.
343
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
18:41
I've been working late a lot recently, so I feel tired.
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ๆœ€่ฟ‘้…ใใพใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ ใฆใ€็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:46
I've been eating out a lot lately.
345
1126500
2400
ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅค–้ฃŸใŒๅคšใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:48
Now that we can go out at last,
346
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ใ‚„ใฃใจๅค–ๅ‡บใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†
18:51
I've been making the most of it
347
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ใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅคง้™ใซๆดป็”จใ—
18:53
and I've been eating out a lot.
348
1133640
2010
ใฆๅค–้ฃŸใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:55
I've been catching up with friends.
349
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็งใฏๅ‹้”ใซ่ฟฝใ„ใคใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
18:58
I've been, I've been catching up with friends, right?
350
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็งใฏ่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€็งใฏ ๅ‹้”ใซ่ฟฝใ„ใคใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:03
The chunking is nice.
351
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ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
19:05
I've been eating out a lot.
352
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็งใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅค–้ฃŸใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:07
I've been catching up with friends.
353
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็งใฏๅ‹้”ใซ่ฟฝใ„ใคใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:11
Great, good.
354
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1343
ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
19:14
I've been watching a lot of TV.
355
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็งใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:18
What about you?
356
1158520
833
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
19:19
What have you been up to recently?
357
1159353
2080
ๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
19:23
What have you been doing lately?
358
1163890
3113
ๆœ€่ฟ‘ไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ
19:30
Excellent.
359
1170870
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ๅ„ช็ง€ใชใ€‚
19:32
Very, very good, right?
360
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:33
So these are temporary activities.
361
1173000
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชๆดปๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚
19:35
So maybe you can see how these might fit in
362
1175990
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ IELTS ใฎๅ•้กŒใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ฉๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
19:38
with some IELTS questions.
363
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ใ€‚
19:40
Often we get questions like,
364
1180950
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19:42
What would you like to change about your work?
365
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ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใฎไฝ•ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:45
Well, I've been working a lot lately
366
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3970
ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ไป•ไบ‹ใŒๅคšใใฆ
19:49
and I've been doing a lot of overtime,
367
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ๆฎ‹ๆฅญใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฎ‹ๆฅญใ—
19:52
so I would like to work less, right?
368
1192020
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ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
19:57
What would you like to change about your diet?
369
1197730
2400
ใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚จใƒƒใƒˆใงไฝ•ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:00
Well, I've been eating out a lot lately,
370
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅค–้ฃŸใŒๅคšใ„
20:02
so I would like to eat at home and cook more at home,
371
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ใฎใงใ€ๅฎถใงใ”้ฃฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฎถใงๆ–™็†ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฎถๅบญๆ–™็†ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„
20:07
have more home-cooked food.
372
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:09
What would you like to change about your free time?
373
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่‡ช็”ฑๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
20:13
Well, I've been watching too much TV lately,
374
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹
20:16
so I would like to do more sports.
375
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:20
So we can see this is a nice tense to use
376
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชๆดปๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซ่‰ฏใ„ๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:23
to talk about temporary activities
377
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20:26
because the question about change suggests
378
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ
20:30
something temporary, right?
379
1230410
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ไฝ•ใ‹ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
20:32
If you want to make a change,
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ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
20:34
often there's a temporary situation
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใช็ŠถๆณใŒ
20:36
and you want to make a change.
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:38
I've been working late, so I'm going to change that
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็งใฏ้…ใใพใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œ ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆ
20:41
and work less, hopefully. (laughs)
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ใ€ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™. (็ฌ‘)
20:46
Next bit.
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ๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒƒใƒˆใ€‚
20:51
The present perfect continuous
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข
20:54
also has this present result use,
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ใ‚‚
20:57
similar to the present perfect, right?
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใฎ็พๅœจ็ตๆžœ็”จๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:01
So we can say, for example,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
21:03
what has changed in this situation?
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ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงไฝ•ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
21:06
Or how has this impacted us?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
21:09
So we could say, right?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:11
The government has been making a lot of mistakes lately.
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใ€ๅคšใใฎ้Žใกใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
21:16
So similarly, before we said the government has made
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒ
21:19
a lot of mistakes, we can see that government has made
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ๅคšใใฎ้Žใกใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ‰ใซใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๅคšใใฎ้Žใกใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
21:23
a lot of mistakes.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:25
So what's the difference?
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้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
21:27
Well, the government has been making a lot of mistakes.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ ๅคšใใฎ้Žใกใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:32
The emphasis is more on the action.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ้‡็‚นใŒ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:35
The making of the mistakes.
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใ€‚
21:38
The government has made three mistakes.
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏไธ‰ใคใฎ้Žใกใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:42
The emphasis is on the completed action,
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ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ้‡็‚นใŒ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚Œ
21:47
and sometimes the number, right?
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ใ€ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏๆ•ฐใŒๅผท่ชฟใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:50
The government has made three U-turns, right?
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ 3ๅ›žUใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
21:53
You can't say, the government
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ๆ”ฟๅบœ
21:55
has been making three U-turns, no.
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ใฏ 3 ๅ›žใฎ U ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:58
The government has made three U-turns.
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ 3 ๅ›žใฎ U ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ€‚
22:01
So you're emphasizing the completed action.
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ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:06
Whereas the government has been making mistakes,
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ๆ”ฟๅบœ ใŒ้Žใกใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฏพใ—ใ€
22:09
you're emphasizing the action,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ€้Žใกใ‚’็Šฏใ™็ถ™็ถš็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ
22:11
the ongoing action of making mistakes, right?
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ใญ?
22:17
Similarly, thinking about numbers, right?
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ๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
22:20
I've been reading a lot of books lately.
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็งใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:24
I have read three books lately.
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็งใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘3ๅ†Šใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
22:27
So I have the read is for the completed number of books
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ่ชญใ‚“ใ ใฎ ใฏๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใŸๆœฌใฎๆ•ฐใงใ™
22:32
but the action, I've been reading a lot of books lately.
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ใŒใ€่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
22:37
Great, so we can use this also for the present result.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
22:40
Brilliant, so that was a whistle stop tour
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22:43
of the four tenses in the present, right?
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€็พๅœจใฎ 4 ใคใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎใƒ›ใ‚คใƒƒใ‚นใƒซ ใ‚นใƒˆใƒƒใƒ— ใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒผใงใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
22:46
Present simple, present continuous,
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็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ€็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข
22:49
present perfect, present perfect continuous, holy moly.
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ใ€็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€็ฅž่–ใชใƒขใƒผใƒชใƒผใ€‚
22:53
I hope you have enjoyed this video.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
22:56
Have enjoyed, present perfect, present result.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ€็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€็พๅœจใฎ็ตๆžœใ€‚
23:00
Result is you're happy.
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็ตๆžœใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนธใ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:01
I have enjoyed the video.
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็งใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
23:04
A word of warning though, right?
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€่ญฆๅ‘Šใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
23:05
Most students will take six to nine months or more
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ 6 ๏ฝž 9 ใ‹ๆœˆใ€ใพใŸใฏใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Š
23:12
to learn these tenses.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:14
And you've just done it in less than 30 minutes, I think.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ 30ๅˆ†ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใซใ‚„ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:20
So the point is, I'm going to be really honest with you
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่ฆ็‚นใฏใ€ ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†
23:25
is by watching this video, you have not learned the tenses.
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ใจใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
23:29
You've seen them and you've got to know them,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ
23:32
become a little bit more familiar with them
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
23:34
but you really need to make friends with them.
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ใŒใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจๅ‹้”ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
23:37
You need to go out and have a drink
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ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใฆ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃฒใฟ
23:39
and have a meal and celebrate the birthdays
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ใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถ ใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ‚’็ฅใฃใฆใ€
23:42
of these tenses to get to know them really well.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
23:46
So I suggest that you go back, you take the individual uses,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆˆปใฃใฆใ€
23:52
like habits, temporary, states, annoying habits
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็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใช ็Šถๆ…‹ใ€็Šถๆ…‹ใ€่ฟทๆƒ‘ใช็ฟ’ๆ…ฃ
23:57
and just practice making some sentences,
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ใชใฉใฎๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ็”จๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆ
24:00
and then slowly, start practicing them with a friend
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š ใจใ€ๅ‹ไบบ
24:04
or a speaking partner or a teacher, and start using them.
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ใ€่ฉฑใ™ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๆ•™ๅธซใจไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:08
And remember, it's partly about the rule, the grammar rule,
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†
24:13
but it's also about the meaning,
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ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
24:16
creating the meaning that you want.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœ›ใ‚€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™.
24:19
That's really important, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
24:21
Great, I hope this has helped you
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ใ™ใฐใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
24:24
and clarified a little bit about these tenses.
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ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
24:27
Keep practicing, keep going.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:29
If you have liked this video, give it a thumbs up.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€้ซ˜่ฉ•ไพก ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:34
Give me a comment below,
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ไปฅไธ‹ใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’้€ไฟกใ—ใ€
24:35
subscribe, turn on notifications,
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่ณผ่ชญใ—ใ€้€š็Ÿฅใ‚’ใ‚ชใƒณใซใ—ใฆใ€
24:38
and keep following this series.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ๆณ•
24:40
Look out for the next videos on grammar, okay?
454
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ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆฌกใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
24:43
Thank you very much for watching.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:45
Take care now.
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ไปŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
24:46
Bye-bye.
457
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833
ใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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