Tips for using PRESENT PERFECT Tense in IELTS Speaking | Keith's Grammar Guides

259,926 views ・ 2020-09-13

English Speaking Success


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
- Hi guys, it's Keith
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- μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”,
00:02
from the Keith Speaking Academy.
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Keith Speaking Academy의 Keithμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ
00:04
And welcome to part two of this video on the Present Tenses.
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ˜ 두 번째 뢀뢄에 μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:08
Last time, part one, we looked at the present simple
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μ§€λ‚œ μ‹œκ°„ 1νŽΈμ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•
00:12
and present continuous and today,
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κ³Ό ν˜„μž¬ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜κ³  μ˜€λŠ˜μ€
00:14
it's the present perfect simple,
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λ‹¨μˆœ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•
00:17
and the present perfect continuous.
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κ³Ό ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
And I'll be showing you how all four present tenses
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그리고 λ„€ 가지 ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
00:23
are connected and how you can use them in IELTS Speaking.
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μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€, IELTS μŠ€ν”Όν‚Ήμ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
Let's do it!
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ν•΄λ³΄μž!
00:29
(upbeat music)
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(κ²½μΎŒν•œ μŒμ•…)
00:39
Okay, let's move on.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 계속 κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
00:41
Oh, but first, I usually drink tea in the morning
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μ•„, 그런데 μš°μ„  아침에 μ°¨λ₯Ό 주둜 λ§ˆμ‹œλŠ”λ°
00:51
but today, I'm drinking water.
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 물을 λ§ˆμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Get it?
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μ•Œκ² μ–΄?
00:56
Why did I say I usually drink tea?
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ™œ ν‰μ†Œμ— μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹ λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμ§€?
00:59
That's right, because it's a habit I have
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λ§žμ•„, μŠ΅κ΄€μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒ
01:03
but why did I say today I'm drinking water?
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ μ™œ 물을 λ§ˆμ‹ λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμ–΄?
01:08
Because it's temporary, it's only today, exactly.
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μΌμ‹œμ μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ •ν™•νžˆλŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λΏμ΄λ‹€.
01:12
Now after that refreshing sip of water,
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이제 μƒμΎŒν•œ λ¬Ό ν•œ λͺ¨κΈˆμ„ λ§ˆμ‹  ν›„
01:16
let's move on to number three, the present perfect.
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μ„Έ 번째 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
01:23
Now this is a present tense.
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이제 이것은 ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
It's the present perfect,
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£ŒμΈλ° 과거와
01:26
but it has a connection to the past, right?
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연관이 있죠 ?
01:30
And there are four basic ways we can use this.
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이것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ„€ 가지 κΈ°λ³Έ 방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
So make a note and I'll go through each one.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ©”λͺ¨λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
We can talk about how long you've done something.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 당신이 μ–΄λ–€ 일을 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:40
We can talk about a present result.
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 결과에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Something happened in the past
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과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일이
01:46
and has a result in the present.
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ν˜„μž¬μ— κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚³λŠ”λ‹€.
01:48
We can talk about experiences, life experiences,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ²½ν—˜, μ‚Άμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 수
01:52
and we can talk about something called unfinished time.
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있고, λ―Έμ™„μ„± μ‹œκ°„μ΄λΌλŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:56
Let me do them one by one.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
Let's begin with how long, okay, so.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ”μ§€λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚΄κ°€
02:05
You'll remember I said I live in Santander.
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산탄데λ₯΄μ— μ‚°λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•œ 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
I came here actually in 2017.
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μ €λŠ” 사싀 2017년에 이곳에 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
So I have lived here since 2017
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 2017λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ—¬κΈ° μ‚΄μ•˜
02:17
or I have lived here for three years.
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κ±°λ‚˜ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
Other examples, I have worked here for three years
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 예둜, μ €λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μΌν–ˆκ±°λ‚˜
02:25
or I've worked here since 2018.
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2018λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
I'll explain in a moment.
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μž μ‹œ 후에 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
Last example, I've studied Chinese for 10 years.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ €λŠ” 쀑ꡭ어λ₯Ό 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
(gasping) 10 years, such a long time.
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(헐떑이며) 10λ…„, 정말 μ˜€λžœλ§Œμ΄λ‹€.
02:38
Maybe longer, actually.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 더 κΈΈ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
No, I've studied Chinese for almost, wow, 18 years.
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μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, 거의 18λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 쀑ꡭ어λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
Holy moly. (giggles)
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이런 λͺ°λ¦¬. (μ›ƒμŒ)
02:47
Wode maya (Chinese for 'my goodness!') (laughing)
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Wode Maya (μ€‘κ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ 'λ‚˜μ˜ λ§™μ†Œμ‚¬!') (μ›ƒμŒ)
02:49
So how long?
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그럼 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ±Έλ¦¬λ‚˜μš”?
02:51
We can talk about so when you began something in the past,
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과거에 μ–΄λ–€ 일을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄
02:54
it continues up until now,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ§€μ†λ˜κ³ 
02:56
and then you tell people how long, right?
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ”μ§€ 이야기할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
02:58
So questions in IELTS, again, when people say,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ IELTS의 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:03
where do you live?
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μ–΄λ”” μ‚¬μ„Έμš”?
03:05
What do you do?
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03:05
What do you study?
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λ„ˆ λ­ν•˜λ‹ˆ?
당신은 무엇을 κ³΅λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
03:07
You can say, I live in blah-blah-blah.
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λ‚˜λŠ” blah-blah-blah에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
I have lived here since blah-blah-blah
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λ‚˜λŠ” blah-blah-blah μ΄ν›„λ‘œ 여기에 μ‚΄μ•˜
03:14
or I study Chinese at the university.
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κ±°λ‚˜ λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ 쀑ꡭ어λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
I have studied there for three years.
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λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
Hopefully, not for 18 years.
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18λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ€ μ•„λ‹ˆκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€. 당신이 μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
03:23
They would kick you out if you haven't graduated, right?
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그듀은 당신을 μ«“μ•„λ‚Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ , κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
03:28
So let's, first of all,
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그럼 λ¨Όμ €
03:30
have a look at the form of the present perfect.
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμ˜ ν˜•νƒœλΆ€ν„° μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
So we would use the subjects I, you, he,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” I, you, he,
03:38
have or has plus the past participle, right?
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have λ˜λŠ” have λ”ν•˜κΈ° 과거뢄사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
03:43
I have lived here for two years.
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μ €λŠ” μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ 2λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
He has broken his leg.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 닀리가 λΆ€λŸ¬μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
Poor thing.
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λΆˆμŒν•œ 것.
03:51
I've visited Paris.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 파리λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
So notice, again, in spoken English,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ ꡬ어체 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:56
we usually do the contraction, right?
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μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
03:58
I have, I've.
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μžˆμ–΄μš”, μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:01
I have lived, I've lived.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€, λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€.
04:04
Say that with me.
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λ‚˜μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 말해.
04:06
I've lived.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€.
04:08
He's lived.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€.
04:10
He's lived here for 10 years.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€.
04:14
Nice, notice the for becomes for, for 10 years.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ forκ°€ forκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
He's lived here for 10 years.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€.
04:23
I've visited Paris.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 파리λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
Now, that's interesting 'cause it's I've visited.
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μ§€κΈˆ, 그것은 λ‚΄κ°€ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν₯λ―Έ λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
There's no break, right?
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μ‰¬λŠ” μ‹œκ°„ μ—†μž–μ•„μš”?
04:31
I've visited Paris.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 파리λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
I've visited Paris.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 파리λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
(chuckles) Lovely, good.
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(μ›ƒμŒ) μ‚¬λž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ³  μ’‹μ•„μš”.
04:38
In the negative, again, the subject with has,
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λΆ€μ •μ—μ„œ, λ‹€μ‹œ, μ£Όμ–΄ withλŠ” 과거뢄사에
04:41
have, not plus the participle,
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λ”ν•˜κΈ° 뢄사가 μ•„λ‹Œ has, haveκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„
04:44
the past participle, putting in the contractions, right?
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λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:51
I haven't worked here long.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μΌν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Have not, I haven't worked here long.
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μ•„λ‹ˆ, λ‚œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 였래 μΌν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄.
04:59
She hasn't broken her arm.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” νŒ”μ΄ λΆ€λŸ¬μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
Hooray, I was so worried about her.
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λ§Œμ„Έ, λ‚˜λŠ” 그녀에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ±±μ •ν–ˆλ‹€.
05:05
She hasn't broken her arm after all.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ²°κ΅­ νŒ”μ΄ λΆ€λŸ¬μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
She hasn't visited London.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
She hasn't visited London, okay?
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄, μ•Œμ•˜μ§€?
05:15
When we talk about those experiences
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ
05:17
of I haven't visited London,
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,
05:19
we sometimes say never, not or never.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ κ²°μ½”, κ²°μ½” λ˜λŠ” κ²°μ½” λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
I've never visited London or I haven't visited London yet.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ 아직 λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†λ‹€.
05:29
Maybe I will in the future.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λ‚˜λŠ” λ―Έλž˜μ— ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
So that's the form.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜•νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
Before we look at the second use
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두 번째 μ‚¬μš©μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° 전에
05:36
or just a quick word about four and since, right?
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λ˜λŠ” 4와 κ·Έ 이후에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:38
When we're talking about how long, when do we use since?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ μ–Έμ œλΆ€ν„° μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:44
A clue, I have lived here since 2017.
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힌트λ₯Ό λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄ μ €λŠ” 2017λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
Correct, good.
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05:51
It's for a point in time, 2017.
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
2017λ…„
05:56
May, August, July, last week.
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5μ›”, 8μ›”, 7μ›”, μ§€λ‚œ μ£Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
I've lived here since last week.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ§€λ‚œμ£ΌλΆ€ν„° 여기에 μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
I've lived here since January.
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μ €λŠ” 1μ›”λΆ€ν„° μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
I've lived here since point in time.
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λ‚˜λŠ” νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ λΆ€ν„° 여기에 μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
For, on the other hand, I've lived here for three years.
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— μ €λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
Good, it's the duration, right?
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 기간이 맞죠?
06:16
Three years, two months, five hours.
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3λ…„, 2κ°œμ›”, 5μ‹œκ°„.
06:21
I've lived here for five hours.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‹€μ„― μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€.
06:22
What, really seriously?
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정말 μ§„μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ?
06:24
Yes, I've just moved in.
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λ„€, 방금 μ΄μ‚¬μ™”μ–΄μš”. 방금
06:25
I've just opened the door.
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문을 μ—΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:26
I've literally lived here for five hours.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 5μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€.
06:29
Of course, that's not true.
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λ¬Όλ‘  그것은 사싀이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
I've lived here since May last year.
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μ €λŠ” μž‘λ…„ 5μ›”λΆ€ν„° 이곳에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
So I've lived here for just over a year, actually.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 사싀 μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 1λ…„ λ„˜κ²Œ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
That's true.
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μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
In this flat.
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이 μ•„νŒŒνŠΈμ—μ„œ.
06:43
We used to live in another flat in Santander.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 산탄데λ₯΄μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ•„νŒŒνŠΈμ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
Okay, good.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”.
06:48
Let's move on to number two.
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두 번째둜 λ„˜μ–΄ κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
06:54
The present result.
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ν˜„μž¬ κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
So when something in the past happens
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 과거에 당신이 닀리가 λΆ€λŸ¬μ§„ 것과 같은 일이 일어났고
06:58
like you broke your leg and then the result
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07:02
in the present is I can see you have a cast on your leg,
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 당신이 닀리에
07:06
you're using crutches and I go, oh dear,
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깁슀λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  λͺ©λ°œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
you've broken your leg or you say,
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07:12
"Oh dear, I've broken my leg,"
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"였 이런, 닀리가 λΆ€λŸ¬μ‘Œμ–΄"라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄
07:14
and we can see the result here now, okay?
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이제 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
Now then with that, you never identify the time.
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이제 κ·Έκ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 당신은 μ‹œκ°„μ„ κ²°μ½” μ‹λ³„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
You don't say I've broken my leg last week.
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ§€λ‚œ 주에 닀리가 λΆ€λŸ¬μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμž–μ•„.
07:27
No, right?
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ꢌ리 μ—†λ‹€?
07:28
If you put the time, it's the past simple.
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μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ 치면 κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ΄λ‹€.
07:31
I broke my leg last week, but look, I've broken my leg.
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μ§€λ‚œ 주에 닀리가 λΆ€λŸ¬μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°, λ³΄μ„Έμš”, 닀리가 λΆ€λŸ¬μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
07:37
You're emphasizing.
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κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
Look now the impacts on the present, right?
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μ§€κΈˆ ν˜„μž¬μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 λ³΄μ„Έμš” , κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
07:43
Now we can use this in IELTS.
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 IELTSμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
For example, especially in part three
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 특히
07:47
where they may ask you,
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그듀이 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 3λΆ€μ—μ„œ
07:48
how has something changed in recent years?
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졜근 λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ–΄λ–€ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:52
Or how has this had an impact on something, right?
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λ˜λŠ” 이것이 무언가에 μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:57
And if you want to show the results now,
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보여주고 μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄,
08:00
for example we might say,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
08:03
we can see the government has made a U-turn.
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ μœ ν„΄ν•œ 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:08
We can see Donald Trump has made a mistake.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ„λ„λ“œ νŠΈλŸΌν”„κ°€ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ €μ§ˆλ €μŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:12
We can see COVID has had a big impact on us.
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COVIDκ°€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 큰 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€μŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
So that cue of weakened see is showing the result
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 약해진 see의 νλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œμ œλ‘œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보여주고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:23
in the present tense.
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.
08:24
So you're probably going to use the present perfect.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ•„λ§ˆ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
We can see Trump has made a mistake.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠΈλŸΌν”„κ°€ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ €μ§ˆλ €μŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
We can see COVID has had a big impact on us, okay?
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COVIDκ°€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 큰 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
Of course, there are different tenses you can use
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λ¬Όλ‘  λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수
08:40
but the present perfect gives you that,
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£ŒλŠ”
08:43
something in the past with a present result.
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ν˜„μž¬ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 과거의 μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
You're emphasizing the present result, okay?
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μ§€κΈˆμ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μž–μ•„, μ•Œμ•˜μ§€?
08:55
We also use present perfect
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ
08:57
to talk about experiences in our life.
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우리 μ‚Άμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
So you may get the same tense in the question, right?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 당신은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œ 같은 μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
09:05
Have you ever cooked?
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μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:06
Have you ever run a marathon?
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λ§ˆλΌν†€μ„ ν•΄λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:08
Have you ever done this or that, right?
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이것저것 ν•΄λ³Έ 적 μžˆμž–μ•„μš”?
09:11
Yes, I have cooked.
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λ„€, μš”λ¦¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
Yes, I have run a marathon.
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λ„€, λ§ˆλΌν†€μ„ λ›°μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
You can see it's a life experience
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09:18
when using the present perfect.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ 인생 κ²½ν—˜μž„μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
Or interestingly, the question
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λ˜λŠ” ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„
09:23
what new hobby would you like to try?
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μ–΄λ–€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ·¨λ―Έλ₯Ό μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:27
Well, I've never tried parachuting
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κΈ€μŽ„, λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚™ν•˜μ‚°μ„ 타본 적도 μ—†κ³ ,
09:30
or well, I've never tried painting
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그림을 κ·Έλ €λ³Έ 적도 μ—†κ³ 
09:33
or I've never tried sailing, so I might try that, right?
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, ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³Έ 적도 μ—†μœΌλ‹ˆ ν•œλ²ˆ ν•΄λ³ΌκΉŒ ?
09:37
Talk about things you haven't done,
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해보지 μ•Šμ€ 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ 
09:39
and therefore, you want to try something new, right?
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 μ‹œλ„ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ£ ?
09:43
Also present perfect, I haven't been sailing.
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λ˜ν•œ μ™„λ²½ν•œ ν˜„μž¬, λ‚˜λŠ” ν•­ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
I've never tried sailing, so I would like to have a go.
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ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³Έ 적이 μ—†λŠ”λ° ν•œλ²ˆ 가보고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
And now one of the most common one is talking about
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그리고 이제 κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 것 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λ°©λ¬Έν•œ μž₯μ†Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:53
places you have visited.
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.
09:55
I've been to Paris.
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λ‚˜λŠ” νŒŒλ¦¬μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆλ‹€.
09:56
I've been to London.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆλ‹€.
09:58
I've been to New Delhi.
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뉴델리에 λ‹€λ…€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
When you say that, again, don't say when.
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당신이 그것을 말할 λ•Œ, λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ–Έμ œλΌκ³  λ§ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
10:04
So you can't say I've been to London last week.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 당신은 λ‚΄κ°€ μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°”λ‹€κ³  말할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:07
No, no, no, no, no.
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μ•„λ‹ˆ, μ•„λ‹ˆ, μ•„λ‹ˆ, μ•„λ‹ˆ, μ•„λ‹ˆ.
10:08
I went to London last week, right?
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μ§€λ‚œ 주에 λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°”μ—ˆμ§€, 그렇지?
10:11
The present perfect is just to show the experience like hey,
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ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£ŒλŠ” hey,
10:15
I've been to London, right?
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I've been to London, right?
10:17
What's important is not when, it's the experience, right?
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 건 μ–Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ²½ν—˜μ΄κ² μ£ ?
10:22
Hey, I can speak English.
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이봐, λ‚˜ μ˜μ–΄ ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄.
10:23
I've been to London.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆλ‹€.
10:27
I can speak a bit of French.
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μ €λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄λ₯Ό 쑰금 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
I've been to Paris, right?
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λ‚˜ νŒŒλ¦¬μ— κ°€λ³Έ 적 μžˆμ–΄, 그렇지?
10:31
That kind of thing.
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그런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 것.
10:34
Good, let's move on.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:40
The next one is unfinished time.
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λ‹€μŒμ€ λ―Έμ™„μ„± μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:46
I usually drink tea, but now,
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ν‰μ†Œμ—λŠ” μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹œμ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆμ€
10:55
I'm drinking water.
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물을 λ§ˆμ‹œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:56
Nice one, you are learning very quickly, good.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 당신은 μ•„μ£Ό 빨리 배우고 μžˆμ–΄μš”, μ’‹μ•„μš”.
11:01
Unfinished time.
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λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‹œκ°„.
11:03
Unfinished time is basically when we use,
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λ―Έμ™„μ„± μ‹œκ°„μ€ 기본적으둜 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€
11:06
we're talking about a period of time that has not finished.
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기간에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
11:10
Like today, I've eaten a lot today.
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였늘처럼 μ˜€λŠ˜λ„ 많이 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:14
I've had two cups of water.
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물은 두 μ»΅ λ§ˆμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:16
I've had one cup of coffee today
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였늘 컀피 ν•œ μž” λ§ˆμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:20
because today is not finished.
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.
11:23
Yesterday, I had a cup of coffee,
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μ–΄μ œλŠ” 컀피λ₯Ό ν•œ μž” λ§ˆμ…¨μ§€
11:26
but today, I've had two cups of coffee.
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만 μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 두 μž”μ˜ 컀피λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
That unfinished time, we can use the present perfect.
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κ·Έ λ―Έμ™„μ„± μ‹œκ°„μ€ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:33
For example, I haven't done any sport this month.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚˜λŠ” 이번 달에 μ–΄λ–€ μŠ€ν¬μΈ λ„ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:38
Now, that would be great, right?
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자, 그러면 μ’‹κ² μ£ ?
11:40
If somebody asks you, do you often do sport?
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λˆ„κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ μš΄λ™μ„ 자주 ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
11:43
Yes I do.
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λ„€ 저도 κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:44
I usually do.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 보톡.
11:46
I usually play football,
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λ‚˜λŠ” 보톡 좕ꡬλ₯Ό
11:48
but I haven't done any sport this month.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이번 λ‹¬μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μŠ€ν¬μΈ λ„ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
This month hasn't finished, right?
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이번 달이 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ ? 닀리가 λΆ€λŸ¬μ Έμ„œ
11:53
I haven't done any sport this month
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이번 달에 μš΄λ™μ„ ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ μ•ˆ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”
11:55
because I've broken my leg, ta-da! (chuckles)
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, μ§œμž”! (μ›ƒμŒ)
12:01
Right, good.
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λ§žμ•„, μ’‹μ•„.
12:02
What about the question, do you like traveling?
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μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 여행을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:05
Yes, I love traveling
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예, μ €λŠ” 여행을 μ’‹μ•„
12:07
but I haven't traveled at all this summer.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이번 μ—¬λ¦„μ—λŠ” 여행을 μ „ν˜€ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
It's now August, summer hasn't finished.
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이제 여름이 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 8μ›”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:14
I haven't traveled at all this summer because of COVID-19.
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이번 μ—¬λ¦„μ—λŠ” μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜19둜 인해 여행을 μ „ν˜€ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:19
I don't think it's very safe, right?
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λ³„λ‘œ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것 κ°™μ•„μš”, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ? 닡변을
12:23
Can you see how we're developing the answers?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
12:25
We can use different tenses to create different meanings.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€λ₯Έ 의미λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
How often do you eat fast food?
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νŒ¨μŠ€νŠΈν‘Έλ“œλ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 자주 λ“œμ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
12:33
Well, usually, I eat quite a lot of fast food, right?
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뭐, ν‰μ†Œμ—λŠ” νŒ¨μŠ€νŠΈν‘Έλ“œλ₯Ό κ½€ 많이 λ¨Ήμ£ ?
12:40
But I haven't been to a restaurant
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
12:43
in the last three months.
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μ§€λ‚œ 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ 식당에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
The last three months is unfinished time.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 3κ°œμ›”μ€ λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
We're still within those three months, right?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직 κ·Έ 3κ°œμ›” μ•ˆμ— μžˆμ§€, 그렇지?
12:51
I haven't been to a restaurant.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 식당에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†λ‹€.
12:53
Notice the past participle of go can be been.
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go의 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 될 수 μžˆμŒμ— μœ μ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. 아직 거기에
12:58
It can be gone if you're still there, right?
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있으면 μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:01
He has gone to London.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°”λ‹€.
13:03
He's still there, but he has been to London means
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κ·ΈλŠ” 아직 거기에 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ λŸ°λ˜μ— κ°”λ‹€ μ™”λ‹€λŠ” 것은
13:08
he went and came back.
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κ·Έκ°€ κ°”λ‹€κ°€ λŒμ•„μ™”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 졜근 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ
13:10
I have not been to a restaurant these last three months.
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식당에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:17
Present perfect, unfinished time.
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μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ³  λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
13:19
Excellent, so remember, it's all about creating the meaning.
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 의미λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
13:24
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
13:30
Okay, let's move into the fourth tense,
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자, λ„€ 번째 μ‹œμ œμΈ
13:32
the present perfect continuous.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
13:36
Great, now let me take you back, ti-di-di-di,
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제
13:39
to the beginning of the video.
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λ™μ˜μƒ μ‹œμž‘ λΆ€λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:41
And you remember when we looked at the question,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ³΄μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ
13:44
where do you live, right?
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당신은 어디에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
13:46
I said, you could actually say, I live in Santander.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 당신이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 말할 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ” 산탄데λ₯΄μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:51
I am living in Santander.
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μ €λŠ” 산탄데λ₯΄μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
And then my family in England will be happy.
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그러면 μ˜κ΅­μ— μžˆλŠ” 우리 가쑱은 행볡할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
I have lived in Santander since 2017
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μ €λŠ” 2017λ…„λΆ€ν„° 산탄데λ₯΄μ— μ‚΄μ•˜κ±°λ‚˜
14:02
or I have been living in Santander since 2017.
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2017λ…„λΆ€ν„° 산탄데λ₯΄μ— μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:06
They're all correct.
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λͺ¨λ‘ λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
So what's the difference between the last two?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ‘˜μ˜ 차이점은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
14:10
I have lived here or I have been living here?
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€ λ˜λŠ” λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜λ‹€?
14:14
Well, they're very, very similar.
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음, 그것듀은 μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
The difference is very, very small actually.
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κ·Έ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” 사싀 μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:20
And I think you can use both perfectly fine.
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그리고 λ‘˜ λ‹€ μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
14:28
The slight difference is the first.
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μ•½κ°„μ˜ 차이가 첫 λ²ˆμ§Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:31
I have lived in Santander for three years.
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μ €λŠ” 산탄데λ₯΄μ—μ„œ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:36
The emphasis is on the action, have lived.
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행동에 쀑점을 두고 μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:39
I have lived in Santander for three years.
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μ €λŠ” 산탄데λ₯΄μ—μ„œ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:42
I have been living in Santander for three years,
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μ €λŠ” 산탄데λ₯΄μ—μ„œ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ•˜λŠ”λ°
14:45
the emphasis is more on the time, right?
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μ‹œκ°„μ— 더 쀑점을 두죠, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
14:49
For three years, I've been living for three years.
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3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ, λ‚˜λŠ” 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:52
Of course, I know the city, right?
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ œκ°€ μ•„λŠ” λ„μ‹œμ£ ?
14:56
Somebody comes to visit and says,
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ μ°Ύμ•„μ™€μ„œ
14:57
"Do you know any good restaurants?"
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"λ§›μžˆλŠ” 식당 μ•„μ„Έμš”?"
14:59
Of course, I do.
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λ¬Όλ‘ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
I've been living here for three years.
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μ €λŠ” μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:03
Emphasis on the time, the present perfect continuous
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μ‹œκ°„μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ΄
15:07
is probably the better tense to use,
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μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ— 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ‹œμ œμΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:10
although you can use both.
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:11
I think you can interchange both
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ λ°”κΏ”μ„œ μ“Έ 수 μžˆμ„ 것 같은데
15:14
but if you want to emphasize the time,
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μ‹œκ°„μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
15:16
present perfect continuous, right?
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ“°κ² μ£ ?
15:19
Imagine you're waiting for a friend, right?
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당신이 친ꡬλ₯Ό 기닀리고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš” , κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
15:22
Agh, then like an hour later,
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μ•„, 그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ 정도 후에
15:24
they turn up and say, "Oh, I'm so sorry I'm late."
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그듀은 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ„œ "μ•„, λŠ¦μ–΄μ„œ 정말 λ―Έμ•ˆν•΄."라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:28
And you go, come on, I've been waiting for an hour, right?
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그리고 κ°€μ„Έμš”, μ–΄μ„œμš”, ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ 기닀리고 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
15:33
If you say, I've waited for an hour,
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1μ‹œκ°„μ„ κΈ°λ‹€λ Έλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έ
15:36
it doesn't have the same impact, right?
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μ •λ„μ˜ μž„νŒ©νŠΈλŠ” μ—†κ² μ£ ?
15:39
You want to emphasize the time.
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μ‹œκ°„μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:41
Oh yeah, I've been waiting for three bloody hours.
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μ•„, 3μ‹œκ°„μ΄λ‚˜ κΈ°λ‹€λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:45
Pardon my French, right?
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λ‚΄ ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‹€λ‘€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, 맞죠?
15:47
But so this is what I mean about creating meaning.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것이 λ‚΄κ°€ 의미λ₯Ό μ°½μ‘°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ
15:50
You can create a feeling
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λŠλ‚Œμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 있죠
15:51
by using the present perfect continuous, right?
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?
15:55
Let's have a look.
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ν•œλ²ˆ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
15:56
So the same with when the questions, what do you study?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•  λ•Œμ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ , 무엇을 κ³΅λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
16:01
Where do you work?
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당신은 μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ μΌν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
16:03
Well, I work as a teacher.
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κΈ€μŽ„, λ‚˜λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œ μΌν•œλ‹€.
16:04
I've been working as a teacher for 20 years, right?
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μ €λŠ” 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œ 일해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:09
Showing off your experience.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ κ³Όμ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:11
For 20 years, I've been working for a teacher.
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20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ €λŠ” ꡐ사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:14
I've not been working for a teacher,
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λ‚˜λŠ” ꡐ사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μΌν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
16:16
I've been working as a teacher for 20 years, right?
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κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œ 일해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:20
Okay, let's nail the form.
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μ’‹μ•„, 양식을 λͺ» λ°•μž.
16:24
So we have the subjects as me,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 주제λ₯Ό λ‚΄κ°€
16:28
not me, it's I, you, he, she,
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μ•„λ‹Œ λ‚˜λ‘œ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜, λ‹Ήμ‹ , κ·Έ, κ·Έλ…€λŠ”
16:30
have or has with been, not Mr. Bean or the bean that you eat
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λ―ΈμŠ€ν„° λΉˆμ΄λ‚˜ 당신이 λ¨ΉλŠ” 콩이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
16:37
but been, B-E-E, B-E.
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B-E-E, B-Eμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:42
(laughing)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
16:44
What am I doing?
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λ‚΄κ°€ λ­ν•˜λŠ” 거지?
16:46
B-E-E-N.
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계속 ~ 이닀.
16:49
B-E-E-N, B-E-E-N.
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B-E-E-N, B-E-E-N.
16:54
So if that's not confused you, I don't know what has.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그것이 당신을 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ , λ‚˜λŠ” 무엇이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:57
Subject plus have or has, plus been
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μ£Όμ–΄ λ”ν•˜κΈ° have λ˜λŠ” has, λ”ν•˜κΈ° been
17:00
plus verb plus ing, okay?
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λ”ν•˜κΈ° 동사 λ”ν•˜κΈ° ing, μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ?
17:04
For example, I have been living here for two years.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ €λŠ” μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ 2λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:07
He has been driving since he was 18 years old, right?
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κ·ΈλŠ” 18μ‚΄ λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° μš΄μ „μ„ ν•΄μ™”μ£  , κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
17:13
The negative, subject, plus have or has,
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λΆ€μ •, μ£Όμ–΄, λ”ν•˜κΈ° have λ˜λŠ” has,
17:17
not, been, plus the verb ing, right?
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not, been, λ”ν•˜κΈ° 동사 ing, 맞죠?
17:22
Again, with the contraction.
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λ‹€μ‹œ, μˆ˜μΆ•κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜.
17:24
I haven't been living here long.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 였래 살지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:27
She hasn't been working here for more than a month, okay?
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μΌν•œμ§€ ν•œ 달도 μ•ˆλμ–΄, μ•Œμ•˜μ§€?
17:32
So that's the form.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν˜•νƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:38
So one of the big uses of the present perfect continuous
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λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ˜ 큰 μš©λ„ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
17:42
is about a temporary activity.
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μΌμ‹œμ μΈ ν™œλ™μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:46
So remember, the continuous tense
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ§„ν–‰ν˜•κ³Ό
17:48
like the continuous has this feeling of temporary.
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같은 μ§„ν–‰ν˜•μ€ μΌμ‹œμ μΈ λŠλ‚Œμ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:52
So temporary activities that are happening in the past
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ
17:57
but still today or recently,
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ 였늘 λ˜λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μž„μ‹œ ν™œλ™,
17:59
we often say, what have you been doing recently?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… μ΅œκ·Όμ— 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
18:03
What have you been doing?
330
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당신은 λ¬΄μ—‡μ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
18:04
What have you been doing lately?
331
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
18:06
That's nice, isn't it?
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멋지지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
18:07
Instead of what have you been doing?
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
18:10
What have you been doing?
334
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당신은 λ¬΄μ—‡μ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
18:11
What have you been doing?
335
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당신은 λ¬΄μ—‡μ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
18:13
Nice chunk, right?
336
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쒋은 덩어리죠?
18:15
What have you been doing recently?
337
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
18:18
Well, I've been decorating my house.
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κΈ€μŽ„, λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄ 집을 κΎΈλ―Έκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.
18:21
I've been busy helping my daughter with her homework.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ”Έμ˜ μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠλΌ λ°”λΉ΄λ‹€ .
18:26
I've been learning how to paint, right?
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λ‚˜ κ·Έλ¦Ό κ·Έλ¦¬λŠ” 법을 배웠지, 그렇지?
18:30
Temporary activities or new activities
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μΌμ‹œμ μΈ ν™œλ™ λ˜λŠ”
18:34
that started in the past but continue now, today.
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과거에 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν™œλ™, 였늘.
18:39
Some more examples.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 예. μ΅œκ·Όμ—
18:41
I've been working late a lot recently, so I feel tired.
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야근을 많이 ν•΄μ„œ ν”Όκ³€ν•˜λ‹€.
18:46
I've been eating out a lot lately.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 외식을 많이 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
18:48
Now that we can go out at last,
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λ“œλ””μ–΄ μ™ΈμΆœν•  수 있게 λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
18:51
I've been making the most of it
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μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ ν™œμš©
18:53
and I've been eating out a lot.
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ν•˜κ³  외식도 많이 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:55
I've been catching up with friends.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ 따라 μž‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:58
I've been, I've been catching up with friends, right?
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λ‚˜, μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό 연락을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ§€, 그렇지?
19:03
The chunking is nice.
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청킹이 λ©‹μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:05
I've been eating out a lot.
352
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λ‚˜λŠ” 외식을 많이 ν–ˆλ‹€.
19:07
I've been catching up with friends.
353
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λ‚˜λŠ” μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ 따라 μž‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:11
Great, good.
354
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μ’‹μ•„, μ’‹μ•„.
19:14
I've been watching a lot of TV.
355
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TVλ₯Ό 많이 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:18
What about you?
356
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당신은 μ–΄λ•Œμš”?
19:19
What have you been up to recently?
357
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 무엇을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
19:23
What have you been doing lately?
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
19:30
Excellent.
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ.
19:32
Very, very good, right?
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μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό μ’‹μ•„, 그렇지?
19:33
So these are temporary activities.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이듀은 μΌμ‹œμ μΈ ν™œλ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:35
So maybe you can see how these might fit in
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이것이
19:38
with some IELTS questions.
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일뢀 IELTS μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λΆ€ν•©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:40
Often we get questions like,
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μ’…μ’… μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:42
What would you like to change about your work?
365
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μž‘μ—…μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 무엇을 λ°”κΎΈκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
19:45
Well, I've been working a lot lately
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κ·Έλ‚˜μ €λ‚˜ μš”μ¦˜ 야근도 많이
19:49
and I've been doing a lot of overtime,
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ν•˜κ³  야근도 많이 ν•΄μ„œ
19:52
so I would like to work less, right?
368
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덜 μΌν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ£ ?
19:57
What would you like to change about your diet?
369
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μ‹λ‹¨μ—μ„œ 무엇을 λ°”κΎΈκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
20:00
Well, I've been eating out a lot lately,
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뭐, μš”μ¦˜ 외식을 많이 ν•΄μ„œ
20:02
so I would like to eat at home and cook more at home,
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μ§‘μ—μ„œ λ°₯도 λ¨Ήκ³  μ§‘μ—μ„œ μš”λ¦¬λ„ 많이 ν•˜κ³ ,
20:07
have more home-cooked food.
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집λ°₯도 더 λ¨Ήκ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”.
20:09
What would you like to change about your free time?
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μ—¬κ°€ μ‹œκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 무엇을 λ°”κΎΈκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
20:13
Well, I've been watching too much TV lately,
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ΅œκ·Όμ— TVλ₯Ό λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 λ΄μ„œ
20:16
so I would like to do more sports.
375
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슀포츠λ₯Ό 더 많이 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”. 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μΌμ‹œμ μΈ 것을 μ•”μ‹œν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
20:20
So we can see this is a nice tense to use
376
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이것이 μΌμ‹œμ μΈ ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ— 쒋은 μ‹œμ œλΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:23
to talk about temporary activities
377
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20:26
because the question about change suggests
378
1226290
4120
20:30
something temporary, right?
379
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
20:32
If you want to make a change,
380
1232350
1920
λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ£Όκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
20:34
often there's a temporary situation
381
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μ’…μ’… μΌμ‹œμ μΈ 상황이
20:36
and you want to make a change.
382
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있고 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ£Όκ³  싢을 λ•Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:38
I've been working late, so I'm going to change that
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λ‚˜λŠ” λŠ¦κ²ŒκΉŒμ§€ 일해 μ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 그것을 λ°”κΎΈκ³ 
20:41
and work less, hopefully. (laughs)
384
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덜 일할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ›ƒμŒ)
20:46
Next bit.
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λ‹€μŒ λΉ„νŠΈ.
20:51
The present perfect continuous
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3050
ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•
20:54
also has this present result use,
387
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도 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ ν˜„μž¬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:57
similar to the present perfect, right?
388
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맞죠?
21:01
So we can say, for example,
389
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1930
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
21:03
what has changed in this situation?
390
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이 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 무엇이 λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
21:06
Or how has this impacted us?
391
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λ˜λŠ” 이것이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
21:09
So we could say, right?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
21:11
The government has been making a lot of mistakes lately.
393
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졜근 μ •λΆ€λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ €μ§ˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:16
So similarly, before we said the government has made
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ •λΆ€κ°€ λ§Žμ€ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ €μ§ˆλ €λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κΈ° 전에
21:19
a lot of mistakes, we can see that government has made
395
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μ •λΆ€κ°€
21:23
a lot of mistakes.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ €μ§ˆλ €μŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:25
So what's the difference?
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차이점은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
21:27
Well, the government has been making a lot of mistakes.
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κΈ€μŽ„, μ •λΆ€λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ €μ§ˆλ €λ‹€.
21:32
The emphasis is more on the action.
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행동에 더 쀑점을 λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:35
The making of the mistakes.
400
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μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό 저지λ₯΄λŠ” 것.
21:38
The government has made three mistakes.
401
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ„Έ 가지 μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ €μ§ˆλ €λ‹€.
21:42
The emphasis is on the completed action,
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강쑰점은 μ™„λ£Œλœ μž‘μ—…μ—
21:47
and sometimes the number, right?
403
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있고 λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μˆ«μžμ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:50
The government has made three U-turns, right?
404
1310070
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ μœ ν„΄μ„ μ„Έ 번 ν–ˆμž–μ•„μš”?
21:53
You can't say, the government
405
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μ •λΆ€κ°€
21:55
has been making three U-turns, no.
406
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μ„Έ λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ U턴을 ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  말할 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:58
The government has made three U-turns.
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ„Έ μ°¨λ‘€ μœ ν„΄μ„ ν–ˆλ‹€.
22:01
So you're emphasizing the completed action.
408
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ™„λ£Œλœ μž‘μ—…μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:06
Whereas the government has been making mistakes,
409
1326270
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ €μ§ˆλ €λŠ”λ°,
22:09
you're emphasizing the action,
410
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2200
당신은 행동을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³ , μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό
22:11
the ongoing action of making mistakes, right?
411
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κ³„μ†ν•˜λŠ” 행동을 ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ ?
22:17
Similarly, thinking about numbers, right?
412
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ, μˆ«μžμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
22:20
I've been reading a lot of books lately.
413
1340250
2893
μ΅œκ·Όμ— 책을 많이 읽고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
22:24
I have read three books lately.
414
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3053
μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ„Έ ꢌ의 책을 μ½μ—ˆλ‹€.
22:27
So I have the read is for the completed number of books
415
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 읽은 책은 μ™„μ„±λœ μ±…μ˜ 수
22:32
but the action, I've been reading a lot of books lately.
416
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μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ•‘μ…˜μ€ μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ§Žμ€ 책을 읽고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:37
Great, so we can use this also for the present result.
417
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 ν˜„μž¬ 결과에도 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:40
Brilliant, so that was a whistle stop tour
418
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2940
ν›Œλ₯­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:43
of the four tenses in the present, right?
419
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3400
ν˜„μž¬μ˜ λ„€ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 휘슬 μŠ€ν†± νˆ¬μ–΄ μ˜€μ£ ?
22:46
Present simple, present continuous,
420
1366690
2360
ν˜„μž¬ λ‹¨μˆœ, ν˜„μž¬ μ§„ν–‰ν˜•,
22:49
present perfect, present perfect continuous, holy moly.
421
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4380
ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ, ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ 진행, 홀리 λͺ°λ¦¬.
22:53
I hope you have enjoyed this video.
422
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό 즐기셨기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:56
Have enjoyed, present perfect, present result.
423
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ³  ν˜„μž¬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ¦κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:00
Result is you're happy.
424
1380420
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κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 당신이 ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:01
I have enjoyed the video.
425
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2250
λ‚˜λŠ” λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό 즐겼닀.
23:04
A word of warning though, right?
426
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 경고의 말씀, 맞죠?
23:05
Most students will take six to nine months or more
427
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 학생듀은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό λ°°μš°λŠ” 데 6κ°œμ›”μ—μ„œ 9κ°œμ›” λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ 이상이 κ±Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€
23:12
to learn these tenses.
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.
23:14
And you've just done it in less than 30 minutes, I think.
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그리고 30뢄도 채 μ•ˆλ˜μ–΄ 끝낸 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
23:20
So the point is, I'm going to be really honest with you
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš”μ μ€, μ†”μ§νžˆ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄
23:25
is by watching this video, you have not learned the tenses.
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό 보고 μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό 배운 적이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:29
You've seen them and you've got to know them,
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당신은 그듀을 λ³΄μ•˜κ³  당신은 그듀을 μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
23:32
become a little bit more familiar with them
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κ·Έλ“€κ³Ό 쑰금 더 μΉœμˆ™ν•΄μ Έμ•Ό
23:34
but you really need to make friends with them.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 당신은 μ •λ§λ‘œ κ·Έλ“€κ³Ό μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ 될 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:37
You need to go out and have a drink
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λ‚˜κ°€μ„œ μˆ λ„ λ§ˆμ‹œκ³ 
23:39
and have a meal and celebrate the birthdays
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λ°₯도 λ¨Ήκ³ 
23:42
of these tenses to get to know them really well.
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이런 μ‹œμ œλ“€μ˜ 생일을 μΆ•ν•˜ν•΄μ•Ό 그듀을 정말 잘 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:46
So I suggest that you go back, you take the individual uses,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” 당신이 λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ
23:52
like habits, temporary, states, annoying habits
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μŠ΅κ΄€, μž„μ‹œ, μƒνƒœ, μ„±κ°€μ‹  μŠ΅κ΄€κ³Ό 같은 개인적인 μš©λ„λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜κ³ 
23:57
and just practice making some sentences,
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λ¬Έμž₯을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•œ
24:00
and then slowly, start practicing them with a friend
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λ‹€μŒ 천천히 친ꡬ
24:04
or a speaking partner or a teacher, and start using them.
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λ‚˜ λ§ν•˜λŠ” νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆ λ˜λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ—°μŠ΅μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³  μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ œμ•ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬.
24:08
And remember, it's partly about the rule, the grammar rule,
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그리고 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”, 그것은 λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ·œμΉ™, 문법 κ·œμΉ™μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
24:13
but it's also about the meaning,
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λ˜ν•œ μ˜λ―Έμ— κ΄€ν•œ 것이기도 ν•˜κ³ ,
24:16
creating the meaning that you want.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 의미λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:19
That's really important, okay?
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그게 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•΄, μ•Œμ•˜μ§€?
24:21
Great, I hope this has helped you
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 이것이 당신을 도왔고
24:24
and clarified a little bit about these tenses.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰금 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν•˜μ˜€κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:27
Keep practicing, keep going.
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계속 μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜κ³  κ³„μ†ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
24:29
If you have liked this video, give it a thumbs up.
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이 μ˜μƒμ΄ λ§ˆμŒμ— λ“œμ…¨λ‹€λ©΄ μ’‹μ•„μš”λ₯Ό λˆŒλŸ¬μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
24:34
Give me a comment below,
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μ•„λž˜μ— λŒ“κΈ€μ„ 달고,
24:35
subscribe, turn on notifications,
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κ΅¬λ…ν•˜κ³ , μ•Œλ¦Όμ„ 켜고,
24:38
and keep following this series.
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이 μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆλ₯Ό 계속 νŒ”λ‘œμš°ν•˜μ„Έμš”. 문법에 κ΄€ν•œ
24:40
Look out for the next videos on grammar, okay?
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λ‹€μŒ λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜μ„Έμš” , μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ?
24:43
Thank you very much for watching.
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μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:45
Take care now.
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μ§€κΈˆ μ‘°μ‹¬ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
24:46
Bye-bye.
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μ•ˆλ…•.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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