How to use apostrophes in English

673,351 views ใƒป 2014-03-09

English Jade


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hello, I'm Jade. What we're talking about today is how to use apostrophes. So, I know
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์ œ์ด๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š”
00:08
there's going to be a few native speakers watching this video. It really is time to
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๋ช‡ ๋ช…์˜ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ
00:12
learn how to use apostrophes correctly. It's not that hard. There are a few simple rules
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์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:17
and we're going to talk about them today. We'll start with the easy stuff, and eventually
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”
00:21
we'll get to the more advanced rules, but you'll probably never need to use the more
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๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:28
advanced rules. But anyway, we'll get there in the second part of the lesson.
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
So what I want to start with is mentioning my school name. "Haberdashers Askes Hatcham
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ํ•™๊ต ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Haberdashers Askes Hatcham
00:39
College". This is where I learnt how to use apostrophes. But at first, I cheated because
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College". ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š”
00:45
I've got a really... Had a really long school name and I always remember needing to write
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์ •๋ง... ํ•™๊ต ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธธ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์‹œํ—˜์ง€์— ์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:50
this on exam papers. But I think when I... When I started the school, I probably didn't
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”... ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์•„๋งˆ
00:55
know how to use apostrophes so I memorized where the apostrophes went. I didn't understand
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์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์™ธ์› ์–ด . ๋‚˜๋Š”
01:02
why they went there, but I memorized them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์™ธ์› ๋‹ค.
01:05
So the apostrophes were like this: "Haberdashers'" and "Aske's". I'm going to explain why.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” "Haberdashers'" ๋ฐ "Aske's"์™€ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
So what's "Haberdashers'"? A "haberdasher" is an old-fashioned word for somebody who
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด "Haberdashers"๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "์žกํ™”์ƒ"์€ ์˜ท์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์‹ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:20
makes garments, makes clothes, and all together, they were... They were together in what's
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01:25
called a trade guild. And this is quite an old-fashioned thing now; maybe doesn't really
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ตฌ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
01:30
exist so much, but they had some charitable objectives. And so they were a group of these
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์„  ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
01:37
haberdasher people and one of them was a man called "Robert Aske," so this is somebody's
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์žกํ™”์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ "Robert Aske"๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜
01:43
name; person. And "Hatcham" is a place in London, and "College" is quite a poshy name
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์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "Hatcham"์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ ์ด๊ณ  "College"๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ฝค ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:52
for a school. So you put all those words together and that's my school.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
But let's talk about: why these apostrophes? So, the apostrophe is outside the "s" here
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค: ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "s" ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
because we're talking about more than one haberdasher, that's the rule; more than one
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์žกํ™”์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ
02:09
thing, and possession - the apostrophe goes on the outside. Why the apostrophe here? When
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๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ, ์†Œ์œ  - ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:16
the possession belongs... One thing belongs to one person, we put the apostrophe before
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์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์†ํ•  ๋•Œ... ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด "s" ์•ž์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:23
the "s". So the school belongs to Aske, Mr. Aske so that's why the apostrophe is there.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” Aske, Mr. Aske์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Maybe that's confusing. Let's break it down and look at the rules one-by-one using apostrophes.
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
So, number one: possession. Another meaning of possession is when... When you lose your
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ... ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •์‹ ์„ ์žƒ์„ ๋•Œ
02:44
mind, you're taken over by something. But the more... The meaning I'm talking about
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, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ ๋ น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋”... ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
02:48
here is when something belongs to you; when you own something.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ๋•Œ.
02:52
So here's a man, here's his car. "The man's car is there."
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:57
This sentence means: the car belonging to the man. And to show possession, I put the
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:07
apostrophe before the "s". I'm talking about just one man, so the apostrophe goes before
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"s" ์•ž์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š”
03:14
the "s". And same really in these other examples: "That's George's car."
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"s" ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "์ €๊ฑด ์กฐ์ง€์˜ ์ฐจ์•ผ."
03:21
Why..? Why one here? Well, here, we're not talking about apostrophes and possessions,
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์™œ..? ์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜? ์Œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์™€ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
this is something else. That means: "That is". That means something else. This is an
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, "๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
03:38
apostrophe with possession. His name is George, it's a car belonging to George. "That's George's
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์†Œ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ George์ด๊ณ  George์˜ ์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์กฐ์ง€์˜
03:46
car." And to show something belongs to someone, when we've got a name, we put the apostrophe
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์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:54
after their name and then we put the "s" there.
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์ด๋ฆ„ ๋’ค์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— "s"๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
And we don't... We can also do it with places. So we've got:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:01
"London's best fish and chips." The best fish and chips belonging to London,
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"๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ”ผ์‰ฌ ์•ค ์นฉ์Šค"๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ”ผ์‰ฌ ์•ค ์นฉ์Šค,
04:06
and again, we do apostrophe, "s".
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ "s"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
So when we're talking about possession, that's quite clear. It's okay, yeah? But now we have
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
04:15
an exception, and sometimes there's a lot of confusion about this and sometimes people
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์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:20
get quite annoyed. But what I am going to say is that there are two... There are two
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
ways to show possession when the name ends with an "s". So it's preference really; some
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์ด๋ฆ„์ด "s"๋กœ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
people prefer this way, some people prefer this way. All you need to do is just pick
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€
04:42
one and be standard, always... If you pick one, just use that way all the time. Don't...
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ... ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”...
04:47
Definitely don't do it one way in an essay and then get a bit scared and do it a different
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
04:51
way because you'll be wrong then. You need to pick... You definitely need to pick a way.
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๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
So, "Chris" is a name ending in "s". So we can... I don't like saying this, but we can
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "Chris"๋Š” "s"๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
05:03
say the girlfriend belonging to Chris by putting the apostrophe on the outside of the "s".
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"s" ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด Chris์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
"She's Chris' girlfriend." So it's... Although, in grammar, it means the same as
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์—ฌ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ... ๋น„๋ก ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด ์˜ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:14
these examples, here we're not putting the extra "s".
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ "s"๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
So that brings us to the second example. Here's a... Here's a common Welsh name: "Jones",
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ... ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์›จ์ผ์Šค์–ด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "Jones",
05:29
it ends in "s". So, you might choose to show possession when the name ends in "s" by putting
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"s"๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ " s"๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด "s"๋กœ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
apostrophe "s" on your name, you can do that as well. So there are two options here.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
"He is Mr. Jones's business partner." The business partner belonging to Mr. Jones.
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"๊ทธ๋Š” Mr. Jones์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." Mr. Jones์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ.
05:51
When we come back, we've got more rules for using apostrophes and to show possession.
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๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Are you ready for the advanced rules of apostrophes? Are you sure you're ready? You can do it.
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์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ค€๋น„ ๋œ๊ฑฐ ํ™•์‹คํ•ด? ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:06
Okay, for collective nouns... What's a "collective noun"? A collective noun is one that we don't
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์ข‹์•„, ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด... "์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ"๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์•ผ? ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
06:13
put "s" with, they're... They have their own words already. So we don't say "womens" with
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"s"๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "women"์ด
06:21
an "s" because "women" means more than one, that's what a collective noun is. "Men" means
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "s"๋กœ "womens"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚จ์ž"๋Š”
06:27
more than one man, and "children" means more than one child. So they're a little bit different
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ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  "์ž๋…€"๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:31
to just a regular noun where you can just put "s" on the end.
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๋์— "s"๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
So when we have a collective noun, we have a different apostrophe rule. So what we do
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:39
is we put the collective noun down, and then we do apostrophe "s". It's not that hard.
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์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ "s"๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
"The women's group meet weekly." This means the group belonging to the women,
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"์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์†ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ,
06:52
more than one woman.
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ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Next sentence: "The men's toilets are disgusting."
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ: "๋‚จ์ž ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์ด ์—ญ๊ฒน๋‹ค."
06:57
You bet they are, not that I go in them. More than one man and toilets belonging to more
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž์™€
07:04
than one man. We put "men" and then apostrophe "s", as I said before.
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ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค. ์ „์— ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด "men"์„ ๋„ฃ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ "s"๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
And last example: "The children's department is upstairs."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ: "์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ถ€์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์ธต์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:15
The place where you can go and buy children's things, delightful children's clothing and
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด, ์œ ์พŒํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์˜ท,
07:20
toys and stuff. The department belonging to the children is upstairs so we put the collective
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์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ. ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์†ํ•œ ๋ถ€์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์ธต์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ
07:26
noun and then apostrophe "s" to show that possession.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ "s"๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Let's compare the collective nouns apostrophe rules to just normal nouns where we put an
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์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ๊ทœ์น™์„
07:42
"s" to show more than one. So we have one boy and "boys" means more than one boy; it
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด "s"๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  "boys"๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์ž
07:48
could be two boys, it could be, you know... It could be 100 boys. So how do we show possession
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์•„์ด ๋‘˜์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด 100๋ช…์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:56
for more than one boy? "The boys' school is excellent."
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ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์†Œ๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? " ๋‚จ์ž ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:00
No full stop. This means the school belonging to more than one boy. There would be more
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๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์†ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:10
than three boys in the boys' school. Or maybe it... It could have two meanings, it could
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๋‚จํ•™๊ต์—๋Š” ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์ด ์„ธ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด... ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
be the general school belonging to the boys or maybe if you were talking about two of
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์ด ์†ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™๊ต์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‘ ์ž๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
08:22
your children and you had two boys, you could say it like this: "The boys' school is excellent."
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค."
08:28
Our next example: ladies. We have one lady and the plural of "lady" is "ladies". And
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ: ์ˆ™๋…€๋ถ„. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  "๋ ˆ์ด๋””"์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ "๋ ˆ์ด๋””์Šค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:36
these are some ladies doing yoga. "The ladies' yoga class has started."
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์—ฌ์„ฑ ์š”๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:42
Again, because we already have an "s", we just put the apostrophe on the outside of
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฏธ "s"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "s" ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:47
the "s". And that's that really.
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Now, we're getting to the apostrophe rules you might not use, but let's have a look at
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:56
them. "Tom and Pete's friend Shaun."
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. "ํ†ฐ๊ณผ ํ”ผํŠธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ˆ€."
09:00
What does that mean? Well, there's... There's one... There's one Shaun and he's equally
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ? ์Œ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—... ํ•˜๋‚˜... ์ˆ€์ด ํ•œ ๋ช… ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:07
a friend of Tom and Pete. But we don't... We don't put apostrophe "s" there, we just
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ํ†ฐ๊ณผ ํ”ผํŠธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ "s"๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:15
do it once. We just put it on the second name when we want to show that the possession is
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฆ„์— ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:22
equal to both of the... Both of the subjects. So one Shaun, equally a friend of Tom, equally
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. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ Tom์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด์ž
09:31
a friend of Pete - and that's how we show it with apostrophes.
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Pete์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ Shaun ํ•œ ๋ช…์„ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
What's about this one then? "Lulu's and Angela's boyfriends."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ? "๋ฃจ๋ฃจ์™€ ์•ˆ์ ค๋ผ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ."
09:40
What does that mean? Well, this is a kind of example where you need to get it right
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
09:46
because it has quite different meanings. This sentence means that Lulu has a boyfriend.
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์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ Lulu์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
This is Lulu's boyfriend, he's saying: "Where's Lulu?" And this is Angela's boyfriend. They're
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Lulu์˜ ๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " Lulu๋Š” ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ˆ์ ค๋ผ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
10:00
two separate guys, two separate girls. So if I do that... If I... If I take the apostrophe
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๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž, ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ๋…€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด... ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€... ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
10:10
"s" away there, then they share one boyfriend. I mean some people do that, but you want to
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ "s"๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:19
make sure you've got your grammar right there because you might be confused. So if possession
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์žก์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฐ€
10:25
is two separate things in your list, you have to do apostrophe "s" for each subject.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ "s"๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
Let's look now at... What are these called? Compound nouns. Compound nouns, when there's
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์ด์ œ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค... ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋‚˜์š”? ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ. ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ช…์‚ฌ,
10:41
more than one word that go together to make a noun. So we have the example: "mother in
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ"๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:49
law". And "mother in law" is singular here, so how do we show possession? There are three
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ"๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋‚˜์š”? ์„ธ
10:55
words, where does the apostrophe go? "His mother in law's party."
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ."
11:00
One mother in law, one party. And so we put the apostrophe "s" there and that shows us
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ "s"๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
11:08
that we're just talking about one mother in law. It's just one woman having a party, his
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž, ๊ทธ์˜
11:14
mother in law's party.
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์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Whereas if you have a plural compound noun, first what you need to do is write your compound
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋จผ์ € ๋ณตํ•ฉ
11:25
noun down which would... Which in a singular would be: "brother in law" and to make it
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” "ํ˜•์ œ"๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
11:32
a plural, you put the plural on the first word there. So here we have "brothers in law".
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฒซ๋งˆ๋””. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "ํ˜•์ œ"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
If I wanted to make "mother in law" plural, I would say: "mothers in law." No... No...
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"์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ"๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด "์‹œ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”... ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”...
11:48
No "s" here, don't need an "s" there. Just one "s" after the first word. Then we need
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "s"๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋„ "s"๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ "s"๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
11:56
to put in our apostrophe. Where do we put it?
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์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋””์— ๋‘๋‚˜์š”?
11:59
"The brothers in law's company." So we put the "s" there before, that doesn't
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"ํ˜•์ œ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์— "s"๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
12:05
mean we put the apostrophe there. We put the apostrophe on the last word; the same as the
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
example for the singular. "The brothers in law's company." There are... There are two
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ˜•์ œ ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ." ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—...
12:19
brothers in law, they've got different wives, and they have a company together. That's what
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์ฒ˜๋‚จ์ด ๋‘˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ
12:27
that sentence means.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Now there's just one important thing that you need to know - especially you native speakers
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ €
12:35
out there. Important! These pronouns don't take apostrophes:
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๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ! ์ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
12:44
"hers", "theirs", "yours", "whose", "ours". They don't take apostrophes at the end of
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"hers", "theirs", "yours", "whose", "ours". ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:47
the word, they don't take apostrophes like that before the "s", they just don't. So you
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. "s" ์•ž์— ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
12:54
need to be... You need to watch out for that. You could... You could make a terrible apostrophe
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... ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€... ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜
12:59
mistake and you don't want to do that.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
So yeah, we're done with apostrophes now. But especially with apostrophes, it's good
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์˜ˆ, ์ด์ œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠนํžˆ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š”
13:08
to practice. You've listened, you've got a general idea, but it's really good to practice
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹๊ธฐ
13:14
this so I urge you to go and do the quiz for this one. Go to the engVid website. Do the
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. engVid ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
quiz, 10 questions. Try to get 10 out of 10. If you don't get 10 out of 10, come back and
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ, 10 ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 10์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์„ธ์š”. 10์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 10์ ์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
13:27
watch this video again in a couple of days, try again.
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๋ฉฐ์น  ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:30
And if you like my video and my teaching, well, why not subscribe? You can subscribe
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์ œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์™€ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:37
on my engVid channel and on my second channel; I've got two channels. And yeah, that would
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๋‚ด engVid ์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฑ„๋„์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฑ„๋„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
13:42
be great. So until next time, yeah. See... See you later. Okay, bye.
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์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€, ์˜ˆ. ๋ด์š”... ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ด์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ์•ˆ๋…•.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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