It's time to learn the many English definitions of the word 'HARD'.

5,708 views ใƒป 2021-07-20

English Addict with Mr Duncan


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:19
You know, the world of English is a fun and exciting place to be,
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์˜์–ด์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
I'm so glad you could join me for another lesson.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:27
Today we will look at a word that appearsย  simple, but in fact has many uses.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œก์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:32
It is a word that describes how something feels,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:35
both physically and emotionally.
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.
00:38
It can also be used in a wide number of idioms and expressions
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ™์–ด์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜
00:43
and also expresses the level of ease something is to carry out.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:47
In this lesson we will look at the word
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” 'hard'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:51
โ€˜hardโ€™.
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. ์˜์–ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—
01:02
Having come into use during the early days of English
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:05
and being derived from Germanic;
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๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋งŒ์–ด์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
the word hard can be used in the form of both an adjective and adverb.
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hard๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:13
As an adjective the word โ€˜hardโ€™ can mean a solid thing.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ 'ํ•˜๋“œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
The thing in question might have a solid surface or be made of a dense material.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
We will often describe this as โ€˜hardโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ '์–ด๋ ค์›€'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
A solid thing is hard. It cannot be bent.
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๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
It is not flexible.
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์œ ์—ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
A slab of granite is hard.
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ํ™”๊ฐ•์•” ์„ํŒ์€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Something solid, firm, rigid,
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๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ,
01:40
or a thing that is not easy to pierce can be described also as being hard.
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๋šซ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ๋„ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
A hard surface is difficult to break.
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๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ๊นจ์ง€๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
A hard object is difficult to crack.
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๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ๊นจ์ง€๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
An inflexible thing that canโ€™t be bent is hard.
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๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ง๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
02:00
A tough person who shows no fear,
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:02
or generally exhibits strength in their character
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ„ฐํ”„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
02:06
can be described as hard.
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๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
In stocks and shares, a commodity that remains steady
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์ฃผ์‹๊ณผ ์ฃผ์‹์—์„œ
02:18
or firm in its value can be described as hard.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
To do something with a great deal of force,
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๋งŽ์€ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
02:25
or in a aggressive way is hard; for example -
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด -
02:30
A hard smack,
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์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ,
02:32
a hard kick,
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์„ธ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๊ธฐ,
02:35
a hard slap.
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์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ.
02:37
An activity that requires a great deal of effort
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๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์€
02:40
can be described as being hard.
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์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
We describe something as being โ€˜hard workโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ 'ํž˜๋“  ์ผ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Climbing a mountain in the rain is hard work.
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๋น—์†์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋„
02:51
We can also say โ€˜hard goingโ€™, when describing a difficult thing.
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'hard going'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:56
The thing being done is exhausting and requires a lot of effort.
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์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ง€์น˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
It is hard.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
03:03
Something which is difficult to bear or withstand can also be described as hard.
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๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌ๋””๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ํž˜๋“  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Enduring hard times or hardship refers to a difficult period in a personโ€™s life.
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ํž˜๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์šด์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
A season of extremely damaging weather can be described as hard.
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๊ทน๋„๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ๋‚ ์”จ์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์€ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
There might be a hard winter of exceptionally low temperatures to endure.
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์œ ๋‚œํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:28
A hard summer might be extremely dry or unseasonable wet,
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ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์€ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด
03:34
thus creating problems for farmers.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
It is a hard season.
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ํž˜๋“  ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
A difficult question or something that is not easy to answer
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ’€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:51
or solve can be described as hard,
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03:54
such as a hard exam question
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ
03:57
or a hard jigsaw puzzle.
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๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ง์†Œ ํผ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
You cannot answer the question because it is too hard.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:04
Information that is true and accurate is โ€˜hardโ€™.
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์ง„์‹ค๋˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” 'ํ•˜๋“œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ
04:09
You might have some hard evidence to show, as proof of something.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:15
Facts that cannot be disproved are the hard facts.
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๋ฐ˜์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
They are irrefutable.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๋ฅ˜์ฃผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
04:23
A type of alcohol that is above average strength,
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ํ‰๊ท  ๋„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
04:26
such as spirit, can be described as hard,
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๋„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:31
for example - hard liquor.
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. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
04:34
A type of drug that can become addictive over time is also hard.
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์ค‘๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
We often describe illegal substances as โ€˜hard drugsโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ '๊ฒฝ์งˆ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
An extreme thing or something explicit can be described as hard, or โ€˜hard coreโ€™.
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋“œ ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜๋“œ ์ฝ”์–ด'๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
In phonetics, the hard sound made with the back of the tongue
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์Œ์„ฑํ•™์—์„œ๋Š”
04:56
when pronouncing words such as cat or gas,
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜€ ๋’ค์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
05:01
is described as hard,
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05:04
such as the hard C in cat
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ C
05:08
or the hard G in gas.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ G์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
As an adverb, the word hard defines effort being made to do something.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ hard๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
You might work hard all day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
You can play hard at a certain type of sport.
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ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์—์„œ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
To occur forcefully or with force; for example -
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๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
05:53
the rain falls hard, with force.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ํž˜์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
The rain is falling hard.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
To set or become solid is hard.
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์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
The cement has set hard. It has become hard.
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์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
To do something to the fullest extent, such as a hard right turn whilst driving.
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์šด์ „ ์ค‘์— ๊ธ‰ํžˆ ์šฐํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‹ค.
06:15
You turn the steering wheel all the way whilst navigating a corner or sharp bend.
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์ฝ”๋„ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธ‰์ปค๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์Šคํ‹ฐ์–ด๋ง ํœ ์„ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
There are many phrases in English that use โ€˜hardโ€™.
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š” 'hard'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
To be โ€˜hard done byโ€™ means to be treated harshly or unfairly.
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'hard done by'๋Š” ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
To be โ€˜hard upโ€™ means to have little or no money.
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'hard up'์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
You might โ€˜give someone a hard timeโ€™,
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'give someone a hard time'์€
06:49
which means to make a situation harder for someone.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋” ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
One person gives another a hard time.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
To be โ€˜hard hitโ€™ means to be badly affected by something.
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'hard hit'์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
You might be hit hard by the failing economy.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํฐ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž…์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
To โ€˜play hard to getโ€™ means to seem distant and appear uninterested in someone.
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'play hard to get'์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ€์–ด ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
A cruel or unfair person might be described as being hard on someone.
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์ž”์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
They are being harsh.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
If you are โ€˜hard at itโ€™, then you are busy doing something.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด 'hard at it'์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š๋ผ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค.
07:25
You are immersed in what you are doing, you are hard at it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ดํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๊ฐ€
07:30
To be โ€˜hard-nosedโ€™ means to be ruthless to those around you.
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๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:35
A hard-nosed business man will do anything to be successful.
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๋ƒ‰์ฒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:40
Finally we can say โ€˜hard cheeseโ€™ to someone who has just experienced some bad luck
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์šด์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ถˆํ–‰์„ ๋ง‰ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ '๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์น˜์ฆˆ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:48
or a misfortune of some sort.
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.
07:51
I hope todayโ€™s lesson was not hard to understand.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
I think it has really given you something to think long and hard about.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜์–ด ์†๋‹ด์˜
08:02
This is Mr Duncan in the birthplace of English saying...
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๋ฐœ์ƒ์ง€์ธ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ ๋˜์ปจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ... ์‹œ์ฒญ
08:06
thanks for watching and see you again soon.
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ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
You know what's coming next...
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ...
08:12
of course you do...
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ...
08:17
ta ta for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋”ฐ๋”ฐ.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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