How to Apologise in English

49,460 views ใƒป 2017-11-21

Eat Sleep Dream English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
So I was on Facebook the other day and I was just looking through my newsfeed when I saw
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋ฒˆ์— ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์Šคํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
00:04
a post from a friend. And it said 'Thanks so much everyone for the birthday wishes.'
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ธ€์„ ๋ดค์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ' ์ƒ์ผ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์žฌ
00:10
I quickly looked at when it was from, yesterday! I'd missed his birthday. Does that make me
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ์–ด์ œ! ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ๋†“์ณค๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ
00:19
a bad friend? Probably! So I had to apologise immediately. I sent this message 'Dude, I'm
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๋‚˜์œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”? ์•„๋งˆ! ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'Dude, ๋‹น์‹ 
00:29
so sorry I forgot your birthday. I'm an absolute idiot. Are you free for drinks this week?'
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์˜ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ์žŠ์–ด์„œ ์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ์ˆ  ํ•œ ์ž” ํ•˜์„ธ์š”?'
00:37
Thankfully he said yes and it was all ok but I felt like such an idiot. So how did I actually
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๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ดœ์ฐฎ ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ”๋ณด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
00:44
apologise to my friend? What words did I use? Well, I said 'I'm so sorry I forgot your birthday.'
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์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ '๋„ค ์ƒ์ผ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค์„œ ์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€.
00:50
'I'm so sorry.' That so adds emphasis, it shows just how sorry I was. So if you are
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'๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด.' ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
00:58
in a situation where you've made a big mistake or it's quite a serious mistake then we use
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ํฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์งˆ๋ € ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
01:03
so to add emphasis. I'm so sorry. Other words we can use there are 'I'm terribly sorry'
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๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด so๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ๋Š” '์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด'
01:11
'I'm really sorry.' 'I'm very sorry.' 'I'm genuinely sorry.' So you can use any kind
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'์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์•ˆ ํ•ด์š”.' ' ์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด.' ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด
01:17
of modifier there to add emphasis to your words. Thankfully it was all ok, my mate forgave
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์— ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜๊ณ , ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€
01:23
me and we went for a drink and everything was fine. I want to look today guys at how
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์šฉ์„œํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š”
01:27
to apologise in certain situations in English. So we are going to do all that right after this
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ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:39
Welcome Eat Sleep Dreamers to another lesson with me Tom. If you haven't met me, my name
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Welcome Eat Sleep Dreamers๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€ Tom๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋ฅผ ์•„์ง ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€
01:43
is Tom and I teach fresh modern British English so that you can take your English to the next
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Tom์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:48
level. Now before we get going guys, if you haven't already please become a subscriber
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. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์•„์ง ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:54
so that you don't miss any of my lessons. And hit the notification bell ok, this means
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๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ฆผ ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
02:00
that YouTube will tell you when I release a new video so you can be the first to watch
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ YouTube์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:05
it. So make sure you hit that notification bell. Fantastic! Ok, so we're going to look
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์•Œ๋ฆผ ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋ €๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:09
at four other situations where you might need to apologise in English and I'm going to give
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๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
02:14
you some really useful phrases to help you to do that. This is going to be really useful
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์œ ์šฉํ•œ
02:19
guys, so let's get going.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Ok, let's think about when you make a small mistake. What can you say? So, ok so let's
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์ข‹์•„, ์ž‘์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ž . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž,
02:26
say you spill your friend's drink on the table and it goes everywhere. How are you going
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์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํƒ์ž ์œ„์— ์Ÿ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋””๋ก ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
02:31
to apologise? Well, I might say something like 'I'm sorry. I'm such an idiot. Let me
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์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ญ, '๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ฐ”๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
clear it up.' So I would say 'I'm sorry' that's the apology. I'd also add a little insult
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์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ์š•์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:43
to myself there. So I'd say 'I'm such an idiot.' Now in British culture we do that quite a
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ณด์•ผ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:49
lot. We kind of insult ourselves, maybe just to add emphasis to our apology. Also to show
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์š•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ
02:57
that we understand that we've been an idiot in this situation. 'I'm so sorry. I'm such
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง
03:04
an idiot. Why did I do that.' So it's a way to soften the whole thing and to make the
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๋ฐ”๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด.' ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:10
apology seem more genuine and to recognise that we've behaved in a silly way or in an
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ง„์‹ค๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š”
03:17
idiotic way. Now obviously you don't want to insult yourself too much, but yeah just
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๋ฐ”๋ณด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ชจ์š•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
03:22
saying 'I'm such an idiot' that'll do, that's enough. What about if, let's say you miss
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ณด์•ผ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
03:27
your friend's phone call. They are trying to call you and you miss it. You could call
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
them back and say 'Sorry about that! I was in the gym.' Sorry about that is quite a nice
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด '์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.' ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์€
03:38
way to apologise as well. If you want to be more informal. I mean those are quite informal,
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป
03:42
but if you want to be more informal you could say 'my bad'. This is definitely an Americanism
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'my bad'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ
03:49
that has come in to British English but yeah again it's just saying it's my fault whatever
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์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋‚ด ์ž˜๋ชป์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:54
the thing is. For example let's say your waiter brings you the wrong drink and you say 'oh
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด '
04:00
sorry, I didn't order a coca cola.' they would say 'oh my bad! Let me get you your drinks.'
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”์นด์ฝœ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ '์˜ค ๋งˆ์ด ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค! ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„๊ฒŒ.'
04:07
So there they are saying ah it's my fault I recognise that, let me sort that out for
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„ ๋‚ด ์ž˜๋ชป์ด์•ผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:12
you. So yeah, it's an informal way to say it's my fault, I'm sorry.
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. ๋„ค, ์ œ ์ž˜๋ชป์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
What about those social situations where you bump into someone or you make a little mistake
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์–ด๋–ป
04:22
in public what would you say? Well, if I bumped into someone I'd say 'Pardon me' 'Excuse me'
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์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” 'Pardon me' 'Excuse me'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:30
that's quite nice. 'Pardon me' 'Excuse me' or simply 'Sorry'. In British culture we say
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. '์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' '์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ '๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'. ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:36
sorry all the time, I mean for anything. Even if it's not our fault. If somebody bumps into
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž˜๋ชป์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€
04:42
me I would say 'Oh sorry.' Sorry for getting in your way which is kind of crazy. If they
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋ฉด '์•„ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์นœ ์ง“์„ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ด์„œ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
04:48
have bumped into me and it's their fault I would still apologise, but this is British
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตญ
04:53
culture I don't really understand why but it makes us feel good.
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๋ฌธํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Ah what about if I do something socially awkward? So what if I burped? 'Pardon me!' Alright,
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์•„ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•œ ์ง“์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉŒ์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŠธ๋ฆผํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ•˜์ง€? '๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”!' ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
apologies for that one, I'm sorry about that one Eat Sleep Dreamers. But yes, when you
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Eat Sleep Dreamers์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œ ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ˆ,
05:09
do something socially awkward like that burping or whatever you could say 'Pardon me' or 'Excuse
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ํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ '์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ' ๋˜๋Š” '์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:14
me' or 'My apologies' as well. My apologies is quite good.
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' ๋˜๋Š” '์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
Alright now you remember when I said British people love to apologise, well we love to
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:22
apologise for giving bad news. So if we are telling someone something that we know they
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๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
05:27
are not going to be happy about we are going to apologise first. And we use the phrase
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๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:32
'I'm afraid'. This is the way that we soften the bad news by kind of apologising. I'm afraid.
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'๋‘๋ ต๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘๋ ต๋‹ค.
05:40
So for example somebody asks you for a phone charger, you might say 'I'm afraid i don't
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™” ์ถฉ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉด '์ฃ„์†กํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:47
have one.' And we are apologising for this bad news, I don't have the phone charger,
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์ถฉ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™” ์ถฉ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
I'm afraid I don't have a phone charger. So yeah, the apology comes there. Only today
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ „ํ™” ์ถฉ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์—์„œ์•ผ
05:56
I was waiting for a train on the London Underground and there was an announcement on the system
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์•ˆ๋‚ด ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
06:03
and they said 'I'm afraid to say that there is a delay on the Underground today.' So they
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' ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
06:11
are giving us bad news, there's a delay but they soften that by saying I'm afraid. So
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
06:16
it's a way to apologise for bad news. Ok, the final situation is maybe a more formal
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๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:22
situation, maybe more serious. So, most of them that we've looked at today have been
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๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
06:26
quite informal. What about when we need to be genuinely apologetic and say it in a formal
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
06:34
way? So we've got a few phrases that would suit this perfectly. I'd like to apologise
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? ์ด์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:39
and then for the action. So I'd like to apologise for my behaviour for example. Or I want to
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์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
06:49
apologise for my behaviour. So I want to apologise for and then the thing that happens so for
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๋‚ด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:56
my behaviour, for my late reply, for what happened yesterday. Whatever it might be,
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๋‚ด ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋Šฆ์€ ๋‹ต์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ,
07:03
it's for and then the thing. Another nice phrase 'i owe you an apology.' So again it's
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ
07:10
saying I'm sorry, I genuinely know that I'm sorry, I owe you an apology. Again we are
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃ„์†กํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:16
using for there so 'I owe you an apology for and then the thing. For my behaviour. I want
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด.
07:22
to say I'm sorry as well that's another nice phrase. I want to say i'm sorry. Again I want
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๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋ฒˆ
07:26
to say I'm sorry for and then the action. And finally Please accept my apologies. Now
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์ฃ„์†กํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ
07:34
we could add an extra adjective there so 'Please accept my sincerest apologies' or 'Please
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ' ์ง„์‹ฌ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”' ๋˜๋Š” '
07:41
accept my deepest apologies.' That just kind of adds emphasis the it and sort of strengthens
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.' ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:47
it. So please accept my apologies for and then the thing. So please accept my apologies
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋Šฆ์–ด์„œ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:53
for being late. So these are all really nice formal ways to apologise. They could be spoken
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
08:00
or they could be written. A lot of these might be in an email of some kind. If you are apologising
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
in an email you could use all these phrases as well. Have you found that lesson useful
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
08:10
guys? Let me know in the comments below. Let me know if you have had to apologise in English
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? ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ „์— ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
08:15
before. When did you do it? Why did you do it? And what language did you use to do it?
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. ์–ธ์ œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์™œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:20
Let me know in the comments below. If you have enjoyed this video guys, please give
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:24
it a big thumbs up and share it with anyone that you know, anyone that you know is learning
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ํฐ ์—„์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์น˜์ผœ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
08:30
English whether it's a friend or a family member, please share this with them and of
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋“  ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:34
course make sure you hit the subscribe button so that you don't miss any of my lessons.
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๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ๋… ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
08:38
Remember I've got new lessons every Tuesday and every Friday teaching you fresh modern
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ฃผ ํ™”์š”์ผ ๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€
08:43
British English. This is Tom, the Chief Dreamer, saying goodbye.
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์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ž‘๋ณ„์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋จธ ํ†ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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