Phrases and Clauses - What's the Difference?

323,360 views ใƒป 2009-05-26

ENGLISH with James


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Today I want to talk about something that's a little bit, you know, I might say upper
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ค‘์ƒ๊ธ‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:13
intermediate.
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.
00:14
Don't be scared.
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๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
00:15
If you've been with me before, you'll love it.
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์ด์ „์— ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
I'm also going to speak a little bit faster today.
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์ €๋„ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
That's right.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
00:20
Upper intermediate, you should be able to listen at a faster speed, okay?
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์ค‘์ƒ๊ธ‰, ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
This isn't the speed at which I'll be speaking with my students at my school.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
So let's do it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:30
Today I want to talk about phrases and clauses and what the difference is between them, alright?
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
So we have a phrase and we have a clause, sort of like Superman and Batman.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์Šˆํผ๋งจ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํŠธ๋งจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Okay, why?
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์ข‹์•„, ์™œ?
00:48
Well Batman's pretty good, he's very useful, alright?
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๋ฐฐํŠธ๋งจ์€ ๊ฝค ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์šฉํ•ด์š”, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
00:52
But he doesn't have superpowers.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Now you're going to say, "Which one is Superman and which one is Batman?"
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์ด์ œ "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์Šˆํผ๋งจ์ด๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐํŠธ๋งจ์ด์•ผ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Let's go to the board.
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๋ณด๋“œ์— ๊ฐ€์ž.
00:59
So phrase, well one common phrase people know are phrasal verbs.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
These tend to be two to three word verbs, okay?
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ 2-3 ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
01:13
So you've got a two to three word verb and you might say, for instance, "Pick it up."
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2-3๋‹จ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "Pick it up"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Or more commonly, "Move out, show off," okay?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "๋น„์ผœ, ๊ณผ์‹œํ•ด", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
01:37
Now when we usually do that, with the exception of, let's just get, let's pretend I didn't
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐ›์ž. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฒ™ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค
01:42
say that, I said, "Pick up."
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. ์ €๋Š” "๋ฐ›์•„์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Let's just say I said, "Pick up" instead, okay?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์‹  "๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
01:46
You'll notice something.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
We have a preposition plus a verb, but there are no subjects.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
That is usually what a phrase is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
A phrase usually is a sentence fragment with a verb or a noun, okay?
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๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
So it's usually a sentence fragment with a verb or a noun, but nothing else.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
So you might say, "Pick up."
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "ํ”ฝ์—…"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
"Up" is a preposition, "pick" is the verb, no noun.
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"Up"์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  "pick"์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Or "show off."
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๋˜๋Š” "๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค."
02:34
"Show" is the verb, preposition is "off."
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"Show"๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” "off"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
And "make out."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค."
02:39
Yeah, "make out."
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์˜ˆ, "๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์š”."
02:40
Anyway, so, I should put that on the board.
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์•”ํŠผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
02:49
At the end of the lesson, I'll show you "make out," especially if you're cute.
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์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ํŠนํžˆ ๊ท€์—ฌ์šฐ๋ฉด "๋ฉ”์ดํฌ ์•„์›ƒ"์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Anyway, so, that's our phrasal verb, it is a sentence fragment with a verb or a noun,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:00
but not both.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
That's why it's Batman.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐฐํŠธ๋งจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
It's really kind of cool, but it's nothing special.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€ ์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Now if we want to add more information, now we're going to go over here, ready?
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์ด์ œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
03:10
Okay, let's go.
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ฐ€์ž.
03:11
We're going to go to a clause.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
What is a clause?
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์ ˆ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:15
A clause is a sentence fragment with, with a, guess what?
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์ ˆ์€ a๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Well, if one has only one, Superman is everything, right?
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๋ญ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์Šˆํผ๋งจ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ฃ ?
03:36
He's super strong, super fast, and you know, like me, super, oh, nothing.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์Šˆํผ, ์˜ค, ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
But anyway, we've got work to do.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
So a fragment, so a sentence fragment with what?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ๊ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฐ?
03:49
With a verb and a noun, okay?
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๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
03:55
So it's a little bit more powerful because we can start making fuller sentences.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Why am I teaching you this?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:00
Well, because there's something called clauses, when we have clausal sentences, and what I
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์Œ, ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€
04:05
mean by a clause sentence, there's different ones.
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์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
There's an adjective clause sentence, adverb clause sentence, or adverbial clause sentence,
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ,
04:12
time clause sentences.
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์‹œ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And these are important to learn because, well, I'll show you why.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
I'm going to give you a basic lesson on clauses, a clause, or a clause sentence, and you can
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์ ˆ, ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
04:23
start applying this to your time clauses, adverbial clauses, or your adjective clauses,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ ˆ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
okay?
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04:29
Let's go.
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๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:30
So, we've done this one, it's kind of boring, okay?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
04:32
I mean, one more final example we could do here is what?
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๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:36
Just to make sure you're clear on it, you could say, "A black cat."
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด "๊ฒ€์€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
See, yeah, I know, boring, but Batman's not boring, don't mess with the bat.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์•Œ์•„, ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐํŠธ๋งจ์€ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„.
04:48
Okay, so, I'll get rid of this, and we're going to talk and specialize right now on,
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธํ™” ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
we're going to go to clauses.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
So, you ready?
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์ž, ์ค€๋น„๋์–ด?
05:00
We just done Batman, and we're going to do Superman.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐํŠธ๋งจ์„ ๋๋ƒˆ๊ณ  ์Šˆํผ๋งจ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Superman was a clause, and remember what we said about clauses, we said a clause is a
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์Šˆํผ๋งจ์€ ์ ˆ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ ˆ์€
05:09
sentence fragment, alright, that has a verb and a noun.
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๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
This is important for a reason, because we use it for adverbial clauses, adjective clauses,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ,
05:25
and time clauses, alright?
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์‹œ์ ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
So, with a verb and a noun, or a subject, verb and a noun, verb and a subject, okay?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
05:35
So, why don't you put subjects, because, subject.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
So, what are we going to do?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:41
What we want to do is look at the structure of clauses.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
So, when we're doing this, you'll notice the first thing about a clause is it comes in
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
05:51
two parts, it's a pair, alright?
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๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”?
05:54
So it's a pair, and being a pair, which means two things, we have one part that's called
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Œ์ด๊ณ  ์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
06:03
the independent clause, and then the second part, which we call the dependent clause.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Now, what do they do?
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ
06:25
Let's take a look.
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๋ณด์ž.
06:26
To be independent is to stand alone, alright?
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๋…๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™€๋กœ ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
06:28
If you're an adult, you're independent, you have your own house, or sorry, you have your
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์„ฑ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜
06:31
own apartment, your own house, you have your own car, you have your own job, you live on
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹  ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€
06:35
your own, you're independent, you don't need anybody or anything, alright?
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์‚ด๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด์•ผ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ•„์š” ์—†์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
06:38
That's the independent clause, it can stand alone.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
What about the dependent clause, well it needs something, and what does it need?
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:54
It needs the independent clause, alright?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
07:03
So what happens is we actually have a structure that's followed here, because you can actually,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ,
07:07
believe it or not, put them either way.
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๋ฏฟ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
You can do a sentence with the independent clause first, or with the dependent clause
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๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์„ ๋จผ์ € ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„
07:13
first, but there is one rule that goes with this.
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๋จผ์ € ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
Let's do an example sentence, and I'll let you try and figure out the independent clause
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์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
versus the dependent clause, and I'm going to do this with a time clause, and this specific
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํŠน์ •
07:29
one will be with a past tense, alright?
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
So I'm going to ask you to spot which is the independent clause and which is the dependent
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:43
clause.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Look carefully.
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์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ด.
08:08
When I got home, I ate dinner, there's something peculiar about this sentence, and this is
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์ง‘์— ์™€์„œ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:15
how I'm going to teach you independent versus dependent clause.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ ๋Œ€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
Did you guess?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ถ”์ธก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:21
Well, first of all, you would notice there's two parts to the sentence, how do you know?
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์Œ, ์šฐ์„ , ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:25
Well there's this little mark here, that tells you, there seems to be two things brought
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:31
together.
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.
08:32
In both cases, I here, I there, we have a subject and a verb, subject and a verb.
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๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ I here, I there์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
So we've got our clause, right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
08:41
But one of them is independent and one is dependent.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์กด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
If I say to you, I ate dinner, you know what that means, right?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€?
08:48
I ate dinner, McDonald's, maybe some pizza, maybe I'm from Italy, I ate some pizza for
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์™”์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ €๋…์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:54
dinner.
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.
08:55
But I mean, maybe I ate dinner, but you know, you're clear about that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:58
If you said that's the independent clause, bravo, yes, that's the independent clause,
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๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋ณด, ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
because it stands alone, remember the rule we talked about, you can say it, you don't
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
have to ask questions about it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Now here's the dependent clause.
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์ด์ œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
The dependent clause doesn't quite make sense without the independent clause.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
When I got home, now I'm sure if you hear me say that sentence again, when I got home,
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์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ํ™•์‹คํ•ด ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
09:25
you're going, tell me, right?
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๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ, ๋งํ•ด๋ด, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€?
09:28
That's why it's the dependent clause, because it leads you somewhere, but it doesn't finish
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ธ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:32
it off.
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.
09:33
It's the independent clause that gives you the meat, or it tells you, boom, this is what
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
09:37
you need to know.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
That's why we call it, also, in other words, the main clause.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ˆ๊ณผ
09:41
When we deal with different clauses, like the time clause, we call it the main clause,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
because it's where the meat is, where what the information we need is, okay?
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
So whether it be adjective, adverbial, or time, the independent clause is the main clause,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ , ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋“ , ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋“ , ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์ฃผ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:55
okay?
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
09:56
Now, the dependent clause, as we noticed, needs it here.
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Here's the hint, though.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํžŒํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
If you have a sentence like this, and you see this comma, you always know that the dependent
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:06
clause comes first.
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.
10:09
Now you know, right?
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์ด์ œ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
10:10
Dependent clause comes first if you see a comma.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋จผ์ € ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
If there isn't a comma, this is bad grammar.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
What you have to do now is you actually have to erase the whole thing.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง€์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
The magic of film.
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์˜ํ™”์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•.
10:27
See that?
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์ €๊ฑฐ ๋ด?
10:28
I erased the board.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒ์„ ์ง€์› ๋‹ค.
10:29
It's clean.
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๊นจ๋—ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
You have to erase the whole thing, and you have to say, "I ate dinner when I got home."
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๋‹ค ์ง€์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , "์ง‘์— ์™€์„œ ๋ฐฅ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ์ง€.
10:42
Correct grammar.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•.
10:43
Notice?
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์•Œ์•„์ฑ„๋‹ค?
10:44
No comma.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
As soon as you see there's no comma, you'll go, "Hey, this must be the independent clause,
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์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ž๋งˆ์ž "์ด๋ด, ์ด๊ฑด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด๊ฒ ์ง€,
10:51
and this is the dependent clause."
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์ด๊ฑด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด์•ผ."
10:52
Cool.
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์‹œ์›ํ•œ.
10:53
Now, I told you this was a time clause for a reason.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
I'm going to give you another little hint, because as much as you may know this particular
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์€ ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ
11:02
sentence, it won't help you in the future, but this will.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:05
There are four words that usually go with time clauses.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
I'm going to put them up quickly, so you'll remember this, so I'm just giving you, believe
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹คํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏฟ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:11
it or not, a lesson on clauses, phrases, and time clauses in less than 10 minutes.
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๋ง๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ˆ, ๊ตฌ, ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ 10๋ถ„๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
Let me wrap it up.
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๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
Notice I'm talking faster.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
11:18
I told you, upper-intermediate.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ž–์•„, ์ค‘์ƒ๊ธ‰.
11:19
Get used to it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด.
11:20
It's the way we speak around here.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
All right?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ˆ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”
11:24
What are the four words for the time clause?
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๋„ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
11:26
See, this is four words.
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ค ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
These are four main words.
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์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
If I, well, when you come back for future time, I'll teach you the other two.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹œ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
But they go, "when," and these are for the past, specifically for the past, but they're
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์–ธ์ œ"๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
11:40
also used in the future as well, so you go, "when."
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "์–ธ์ œ"๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
You have, "after."
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"์ดํ›„"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
You have, "before."
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"์ด์ „"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
"After," "before."
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"์ „ ํ›„."
11:59
Uh-oh.
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์–ด ์˜ค.
12:00
I forgot the third one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
12:04
Back.
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๋’ค์ชฝ์—.
12:05
It's, "while."
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"๋™์•ˆ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
I hope you were busy while I was doing that.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ”์˜์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
Sorry about that.
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๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
"While."
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"ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ."
12:11
There you go.
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์ž.
12:12
So those are the four time clause words that we use for the simple past, also used with
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ˆ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:16
the future.
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. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
12:17
There are a couple ones with the future.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:18
Another lesson, we'll get back to that.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
I'm running out of time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
12:20
So, I'm going to wrap up quickly and say, I've got to go.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:25
Go to engvid.com.
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engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
You know where that is.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
"Eng" is in English, "vid" is in video.
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"Eng"๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ, "vid"๋Š” ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋กœ.
12:29
And I'll see you for the next lesson.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
12:31
Clauses.
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์กฐํ•ญ.
12:32
Phrases.
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์‹ค์—†๋Š” ๋ง.
12:33
So, time clause.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์กฐํ•ญ.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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