Master Modals with the SEAM method - may, might, could, etc.

538,460 views ใƒป 2011-08-04

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Welcome to Inkbit Corny, yes?
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Inkbit Corny ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€ใฏใ„?
00:11
That is me, your teacher, James.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
00:12
I'm going to teach you a lesson.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
Today, I shall teach you how to master modals.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:19
Welcome to Masterpiece Theatre.
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ๅไฝœๅŠ‡ๅ ดใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:21
Modals.
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ€‚
00:22
Pain in the butt, right?
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ใŠๅฐปใŒ็—›ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:25
Modal, if you're French.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นไบบใชใ‚‰ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ€‚
00:28
I'm joking.
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ๅ†—่ซ‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:30
Let me go down a little bit because it's probably off you.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ไธ‹ใ’ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:33
We're doing modals.
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็งใŸใกใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:36
You've seen modals before.
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ไปฅๅ‰ใซใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
I'm sure you've been taught them.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:40
They're auxiliary verbs.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:41
What do they do?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:42
How do they work?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:43
Well, I'm going to teach you a seamless method that will help you remember how to use them.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‚ทใƒผใƒ ใƒฌใ‚นใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:51
What do I mean by seamless?
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ใ‚ทใƒผใƒ ใƒฌใ‚นใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
00:54
If you are new to English, and I'm sure you're not if you can understand moi, seamless.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ ไธๆ…ฃใ‚Œใชๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€moi ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚Œใฐใ‚ทใƒผใƒ ใƒฌใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:59
Seamless means you cannot see the parts that are joined.
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ใ‚ทใƒผใƒ ใƒฌใ‚นใจ ใฏใ€ๆŽฅๅˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
What is a seam?
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็ธซใ„็›ฎใจใฏ๏ผŸ
01:04
Well, I'm going to teach you the seam method for modals.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎ็ธซใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:08
Once you finish, you will master them.
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็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:10
But first, you have to know what a seam is.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ ใ€็ถ™ใŽ็›ฎใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
On my shirt, you'll notice the cuff is joined to the shirt.
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็งใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใงใฏ ใ€่ข–ๅฃใŒใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใซใคใชใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
01:17
The part that joins the material together is called a seam.
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็ด ๆใ‚’ใคใชใŽๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ ใ‚ทใƒผใƒ ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
01:22
You also have a seam on your pants.
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ใ‚บใƒœใƒณใซใ‚‚็ธซใ„็›ฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:28
See?
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
01:29
My sexy ass.
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็งใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใชใŠๅฐปใ€‚
01:30
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:31
You'll notice this part joins the other part together.
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ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใŒไป–ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใจ็ตๅˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:33
That is the seam of the pants.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚บใƒœใƒณใฎ็ธซใ„็›ฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:35
It is the line that joins together.
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ๅˆๆตใ™ใ‚‹็ทšใงใ™ ใ€‚
01:37
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:38
Well, what I'm going to do is teach you a couple of techniques to remember most of the
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ทใƒผใƒ ใƒกใ‚ฝใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ™ในใฆใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
01:43
modals, almost all of them in fact, by using the seam method.
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.
01:46
But first, now that you know what a seam is, something that joins things together, let's
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€็ถ™ใŽ็›ฎใจใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’ใคใชใŽๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€
01:50
join them together.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใคใชใŽๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:53
Seam.
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็ถ™ใŽ็›ฎใ€‚
01:54
Modals.
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ€‚
01:56
S.
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01:58
All right, whoops.
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S. ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:00
Big fingers, no brains.
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ๅคงใใชๆŒ‡ใ€้ ญ่„ณใชใ—ใ€‚
02:03
State preferences.
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ๅทžใฎๅฅฝใฟใ€‚
02:09
Let's just erase that one.
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ใ•ใฃใ•ใจๆถˆใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:11
State.
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ๅทžใ€‚
02:17
Modal state preferences.
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซ็Šถๆ…‹ใฎ่จญๅฎšใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ E ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ็„ฆ็‚น
02:19
Now, I'm just going to give you some basic outline because what I'm going to do today
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ใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช ๆฆ‚่ฆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
02:24
is I want to focus on the E part.
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ใ€‚
02:26
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:27
So, what does it do here?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:28
Well, here it expresses pan.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
If you look over here, we're going to do pan today.
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ใ“ใฃใก่ฆ‹ใฆใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใƒ‘ใƒณใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
02:40
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:41
Another thing a modal can possibly do is
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏ
02:54
ask for a pass.
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ใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:56
You know, when you get a passport, it allows you to go from place to place.
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใกใ“ใก ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
And when you ask for a pass, it allows you to, well, I'm not going to tell you yet because
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
03:05
that's another lesson.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใพใ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:07
And finally, for my Spanish friends, yeah?
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ ใ€็งใฎใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณไบบใฎๅ‹้”ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใˆใˆ๏ผŸ
03:11
You know?
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ใปใ‚‰๏ผŸ
03:24
Modals allow us to make local suggestions, okay?
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒญใƒผใ‚ซใƒซใฎๆๆกˆใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
03:27
That's for you, my Spanish viewers, all right?
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใฎ่ฆ–่ด่€…ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:30
Okay, so now that we know what seam does, in this case, we're going to take the modals
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง seam ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€
03:33
and we're going to join them together, all their meanings, under one category, seam,
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ™ในใฆ ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ seam ใฎไธ‹ใซ็ตๅˆใ—ใฆใ€
03:38
so we can learn all of them and have a way to remember.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
See, one word leads to four ideas, which will lead to about 30 different things.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€1ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒ4ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œ ใŒ็ด„30ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใชใŒใ‚‹.
03:46
But don't worry about it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:47
I'm going to make it easy.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
03:49
Come on, trust me.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:50
Let's take our time.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:51
So, let's get rid of this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:52
We know what seam is, remember?
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็ถ™ใŽ็›ฎใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:53
The part that joins things together.
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็‰ฉใ‚’ใคใชใŽๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€‚
03:55
In this case, today, we're not going to make any suggestions.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ ไฝ•ใฎๆๆกˆใ‚‚่กŒใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:58
We're not going to ask for a bus, nor are we going to state our preferences.
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ใƒใ‚นใ‚’้ ผใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š ใ‚‚ใ€ๅฅฝใฟใ‚’่ฟฐในใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:04
What we want to do is express pan.
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็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎ ใฏใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚นใƒ‘ใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
04:07
E is for express pan.
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Eใฏใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚นใƒ‘ใƒณ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚
04:09
What is pan?
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใจใฏ๏ผŸ
04:11
Well, in this case, pan is three different parts.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒณใฏ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:19
Special effects, yeah?
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็‰นๆฎŠๅŠนๆžœใ€ใˆ๏ผŸ
04:21
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:22
Champagne popping.
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ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒณใƒ‘ใƒณใƒใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใ€‚
04:23
Now, P has a meaning.
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ใ•ใฆใ€Pใซใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:26
Let's start off with P, and we'll say P expresses possibility.
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P ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚P ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:35
What is possible?
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ไฝ•ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:37
Well, what is possible?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹
04:40
Models that we use to show the possibility that something can happen or could happen,
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใพใŸใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซ ใ€‚can ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ
04:45
it can range from anything from 100% with can, the word itself, or 60% with could.
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100 %ใ€ๅ˜่ชž่‡ชไฝ“ใ€ใพใŸใฏ could ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ 60% ใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใงใ™ใ€‚
04:52
So, we show this, we can express models, express the possibility, by the following.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็คบใ™ใจ ใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’่กจ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
Can.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
05:00
I can help you on Wednesday.
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็งใฏๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:03
Possible to help you, but almost 100% because I have the ability.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใŒใ€ ็งใซใฏ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใปใผ100๏ผ…ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:09
Could.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
05:13
I could help you on Wednesday.
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็งใฏๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:15
It's possible.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใ ใ€‚
05:16
60-70%.
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60-70%ใ€‚
05:27
James will be able to help you next week.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚นใฏ ๆฅ้€ฑใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
05:31
Sorry, I should put this.
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ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
05:33
Will be able to.
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:36
Why will be able to?
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ใชใœใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:39
Be able to is similar to can in the present, but we use it when we can't use can.
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be able to ใฏ็พๅœจใฎ can ใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€can ใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใชใ„ใจใใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
For instance, if I use a present perfect statement, I cannot say, "I have can a candy."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใ€ŒI have can a candy.ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:56
It doesn't make any sense in English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:58
You have to say, "I am able to have a candy," or "I have been able to help you study English."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:10
Will be able to is the future of that.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ€ใใฎๆœชๆฅใงใ™ใ€‚
06:12
I will be able to help you on Tuesday.
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็งใฏ ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:15
Similar to can, right?
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็ผถใซไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:17
Now, the next one we could do is when we have will.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใซ ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆ„ๅฟ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿไฝ•ใ‹
06:20
Let me explain something quickly.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
06:22
Can and could are related.
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can ใจ could ใฏ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:24
Can means 100% possible now, could is 60-70%.
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can ใฏ 100% ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ could ใฏ 60-70% ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
Will be able to is a future tense.
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will be able to ใฏๆœชๆฅๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ€‚
06:31
We can also have be able to.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:35
If can is the present, could is the past.
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can ใŒ็พๅœจใชใ‚‰ใ€ could ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚
06:41
I can help you.
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ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:43
I could help you.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:46
This is the past of can.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ผถใฎ้ŽๅŽปใ€‚
06:48
When we have will be able to, we also can say this.
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will be able to ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
Would be able to is equal to could.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใฏใงใใŸ ใซ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:01
It's the past version of will be able to.
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will be able toใฎ้ŽๅŽปใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
07:04
So we've got can, could, will be able to, would be able to, may, which is 50% possibility.
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can, could, will be able to, would be able to, may ใฏ 50% ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใ™ใ€‚
07:15
And if you noticed, I was doing President, sorry, President, President J, no, President Ezekiel.
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ใใ—ใฆๆฐ—ใŒไป˜ใ‘ใฐใ€ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ€Jๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
07:24
He's got his little top hat and cigarette.
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ๅฝผใฏ ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ทใƒซใ‚ฏใƒใƒƒใƒˆใจใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:26
How did I forget him?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅฝผใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:27
He's smoking.
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ๅฝผใฏๅ–ซ็…™ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:28
Damn room smells bad.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚ฝ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใŒ่‡ญใ„ใ€‚
07:30
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
07:31
We have can and could, present and past.
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canใจcouldใ€ ็พๅœจใจ้ŽๅŽปใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:34
Will be able to, would be able to, present, past.
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ใงใใ‚‹ ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€็พๅœจใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€‚
07:38
And on this side we have may and might.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใกใ‚‰ๅดใซ ใฏใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใจๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:45
These are all possibilities.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใ™ใ€‚
07:47
So when we express can, we can express possibility.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰canใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:50
What is possible?
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ไฝ•ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:52
What could possibly happen?
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ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:54
You know what's interesting?
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ไฝ•ใŒ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:56
When you know what's possible, you look for what?
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ไฝ•ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ• ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:00
Well, if I know it's possible I could do something, but someone has the power to allow me to do it,
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
08:05
then I need something specific.
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ใ€็งใซใฏไฝ•ใ‹ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™.
08:07
I need, I need permission.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€่จฑๅฏใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จฑๅฏใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
08:15
What do I mean by I need permission?
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ใงใ™ ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ† ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
08:17
Well, it's possible that I could go to the party, but I have to ask my parents if I may go to the party.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใŒใ€ ็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ไธก่ฆชใซๅฐ‹ใญใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
08:26
So once we've got possibility, we look at permission.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:29
We use words here to show us after something's possible do I have permission, and the two words that come up here are may and can.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€may ใจ can ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:43
And just excuse me for one second.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ ๅคฑ็คผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:45
I'm going to erase something here because I want this to stand out to make sure you remember.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็›ฎ็ซ‹ใŸใ›ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆถˆๅŽป ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:48
Because we have T3, so you want to remember what these things are, right?
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T3ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:52
So let's do that.
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:54
Quick erase.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏๆถˆๅŽปใ€‚
08:55
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:56
So remember, this one is what?
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:57
Possible.
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ๅฏ่ƒฝใ€‚
08:58
This one is possible.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
09:02
This one is for permission.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
09:08
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:09
Do you have permission?
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่จฑๅฏใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:10
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:11
Now remember, this expresses permission.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จฑๅฏใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
09:12
This is very interesting because I'm not saying ask for permission, I'm expressing permission.
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ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่จฑๅฏใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
09:16
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:17
You may go to the concert tonight.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠๅคœใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
09:19
You can go to the concert tonight.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไปŠๅคœใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใƒˆใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:21
I'm expressing permission, not asking for it.
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็งใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€่จฑๅฏใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:23
Keep that in mind, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:25
Remember, E for express.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚นใฎEใ€‚
09:26
So now we've expressed a permission about a possibility.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่จฑๅฏใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:29
What do you think this would be?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:31
Sometimes you get permission to do things, and sometimes you're not allowed to.
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œ ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:36
This is called prohibition.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ฆๆญขใจใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:44
Prohibition means you are not allowed to do it.
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็ฆๆญขใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆ ใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:48
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:49
And there we have, if you are prohibited from doing something, you're not allowed to do
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็ฆๆญขใ•ใ‚Œ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›
09:59
it.
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ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:00
Prohibition.
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็ฆๆญขใ€‚
10:01
Can I go to the party?
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:03
Yes, you may go to the party.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:04
Or no, you must not go to the party because Ezekiel, you drink way too much when you go
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใ€ๅค–ๅ‡บๆ™‚ใซ้ฃฒใฟใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
10:08
out.
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ใ€‚
10:09
This is not good.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ€‚
10:10
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:11
And now he's just smoking, and alcoholic days are behind him.
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ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€ๅฝผใฏใŸใฐใ“ใ‚’ๅธใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง ใ€ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซไธญๆฏ’ใฎๆ—ฅใ€…ใฏๅฝผใฎๅพŒใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:14
We've just done the first part of PAN.
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PAN ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:17
Is it possible?
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ๅ‡บๆฅใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:19
Two.
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ไบŒใ€‚
10:20
Do I have permission?
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่จฑๅฏใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:21
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:22
Can you express permission?
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่จฑๅฏใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:23
Remember that?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:24
You're expressing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่กจ็พใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:25
Yes, you can.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
10:26
Yes, you may.
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ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
10:27
And finally, prohibition, things you may not do, or must not, not may not, must not do.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€็ฆๆญขใ€ใ—ใฆ ใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€ใ—ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€‚
10:31
Must not means no, absolutely not.
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Must not ใฏใƒŽใƒผใ€็ตถๅฏพใซใƒŽใƒผใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:34
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
10:35
That's the first part of PAN.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒPANใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:36
You're one-third of your way to understanding modals.
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใฎ้“ใฎใ‚Šใฏ 3 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใงใ™ ใ€‚
10:39
Beautiful thing about this system is, first one is three, next one is two, last one is
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็‚นใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆ ใฏ 3 ใคใ€ๆฌกใฏ 2 ใคใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฏ
10:44
one.
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1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
10:46
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
10:47
So, what's the two?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎ2ใคใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:50
We talked about possibility, right?
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:51
Permission, blah, blah, blah, and prohibition.
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่จฑๅฏใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ็ฆๆญขใ€‚
10:53
Great.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
10:54
Here's my problem.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚
10:55
Do you have the ability to do it, son?
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ๆฏๅญใ‚ˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:58
Can you actually do it?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:59
So now we're going to look up here.
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ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ไธŠใ‚’่ฆ‹ไธŠใ’ใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
11:01
Next one for this is the ability.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฎๆฌก ใฏ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:03
It's nice that there's a possibility you can do it, but if you don't have the ability,
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ใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
11:07
it's never going to happen.
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ใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:09
What do we use for ability?
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่ƒฝๅŠ›ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:10
Well, you're going to start noticing the interesting thing about modals, which is this.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
11:14
Modal comes from modify.
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฏๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:16
Depending on the context that you're using, a modal will change its meaning.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ ใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:22
Hence, here, can means possible.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง can ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:26
Here, it means permission.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€่จฑๅฏใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:28
Here, it doesn't exist.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:29
But you know what?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:30
It's the magic of television.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใฎ้ญ”ๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:32
It's the magic of television.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใฎ้ญ”ๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:33
It's like right there.
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ใพใ‚‹ใงใใ“ใ ใ€‚
11:34
I wanted to do that.
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็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
11:37
See?
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
11:38
Can.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
11:41
Can.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
11:43
Do you have the ability?
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่ƒฝๅŠ›ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:44
Yes, I can do it.
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ใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
11:45
Yes, I can.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:47
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:48
Remember I talked about can and could?
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can ใจ could ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
11:50
And you were like, God, this guy is blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, right?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€็ฅžใ€ใ“ใฎ็”ทใฏไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‹ใ€ใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:54
Can and could, I said, present and past.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจ็งใฏ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€ ็พๅœจใจ้ŽๅŽปใ€‚
11:56
Why?
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ
11:57
Because this is can in the present or the future.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใพใŸใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:00
But in the past, when you have a general-- see?
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ใงใ‚‚ๆ˜”ใ€ ๅฐ†่ปใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใจโ€•โ€•ใปใ‚‰๏ผŸ
12:04
Look, I almost wrote it.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใ€็งใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:05
I'm crazy.
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็งใฏๅคขไธญใ ใ€‚
12:06
It's like one of those guys on TV.
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใซๅ‡บใฆใ‚‹ๅฅดใ‚‰ใฟใŸใ„ใ ใช
12:07
Out of place right now.
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ไปŠใฏๅ ด้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:08
Come right now.
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ไปŠใ™ใๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:09
Out of place.
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ๅ ด้•ใ„ใฎใ€‚
12:10
I'm TV2 right now.
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็พๅœจTV2ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:11
Free.
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็„กๆ–™ใ€‚
12:12
Could.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
12:13
Could is the past of can for general ability.
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could ใฏไธ€่ˆฌ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใฎ can ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ ใ€‚
12:16
When I was younger, I could run very fast.
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็งใฏ่‹ฅใ„้ ƒใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚้€Ÿใ่ตฐใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:20
OK?
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OK๏ผŸ
12:21
Right now, I can only walk.
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ไปŠใฏๆญฉใใ“ใจใ—ใ‹ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:23
I'm old.
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็งใฏ่€ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
12:24
OK?
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OK๏ผŸ
12:25
I pass wind when I walk.
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ๆญฉใใจ้ขจใŒ้€šใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:26
OK?
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OK๏ผŸ
12:27
So we've got could and can demonstrate ability.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’็™บๆฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
12:29
What could you do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:30
Also, remember I talked about this?
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ใพใŸใ€ ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:32
Be able to, will be able to, would be able to?
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ€ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:35
Be able to.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ€‚
12:41
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
12:42
And if you recall what I said, I was very clear.
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใฐใ€ ็งใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Ž็ขบใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:46
I said, when you can use can as for present or future, could is the past of can.
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can ใ‚’็พๅœจใพใŸใฏๆœชๆฅใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€could ใฏ can ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚
12:51
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
12:52
Be able to is for every other verb form.
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be able to ใฏ ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขใซๅฏพๅฟœใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:54
The infinitive form, useful modals, and for the perfects as examples.
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ไธๅฎšๅฝขใ€ไพฟๅˆฉใชใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใฎไพ‹ใ€‚
12:59
OK?
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OK๏ผŸ
13:00
Now, now that you have the ability, you know it's possible, sometimes good friends who
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„
13:08
love you give you advice.
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ใพใ™.ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ„›ใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ๅ‹้”ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
13:10
That's our second one.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ2็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:13
They say, I know you have the ability, I know it's possible, there are no prohibitions,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็ฆๆญขไบ‹้ …ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
13:19
you've got permission, let me give you some advice, son.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ่จฑๅฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€ๆฏๅญใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:22
OK?
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OK๏ผŸ
13:23
So they're going to give you some advice.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
13:25
OK?
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OK๏ผŸ
13:26
How do we give advice?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:28
Well, we often say, you should, you should.
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ใพใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
13:38
I'm suggesting, eh, you know, it's one of the better things for you to do.
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็งใฏใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใฎ1ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบๅ”†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
13:42
You can choose it, it would be the right thing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้ธใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:46
Another one we say is this.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚
13:49
You ought to.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
13:51
When someone says you ought to, they're saying the proper mode of behavior is this.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใ™ในใใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๆญฃใ—ใ„่กŒๅ‹•ๆง˜ๅผใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
13:55
This is what you should follow.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅพ“ใ†ในใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:57
So when you say should, it's one thing, but when you say ought to, you say, ought to.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ในใใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ในใใ ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ในใใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:04
Hold on a second.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใ€‚
14:06
That's a little too close for some of you people.
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ไธ€้ƒจใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฟ‘ใ™ใŽ ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:09
I don't want to hear any comments about, ought to spells funny.
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็งใฏใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่žใใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:12
There's no ought to.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:13
OK?
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OK๏ผŸ
14:14
So that's T-O, separate word.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏT-Oใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
14:16
Oh, ought to.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
14:19
Two T's down below.
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ไธ‹ใซ 2 ใคใฎ T ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:20
Sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:21
I'm lazy and drunk.
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็งใฏๆ€ ๆƒฐใง้…”ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:22
OK.
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OKใ€‚
14:23
So ought to.
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ใใ†ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
14:24
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:25
Now finally, remember I said you ought to.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ใใ†ใ™ในใใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:26
It's like what your parents would say.
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ใ” ไธก่ฆชใฎ่จ€ใ†้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
14:28
You ought to study, son, if you want to go to university.
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ๆฏๅญใ‚ˆใ€ ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใŸใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
14:30
Your friends would go, man, you should study if you want to go, B.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใฏ่กŒใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€็”ทใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใใŸใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€B
14:33
You know what I'm saying?
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ใ€‚
14:34
You know what I'm saying?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็†่งฃใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใš๏ผŸ
14:35
OK?
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OK๏ผŸ
14:36
It's not as strong.
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ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅผทใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:37
This is much stronger and much more formal.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅผทๅŠ› ใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
14:40
And finally, your teacher might say, you had better study or I will kick you out of my class.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:47
OK?
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OK๏ผŸ
14:48
Now why had better?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‰ฏใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:49
Well, had better here, it means there's a consequence if you don't do it.
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ใพใ€ใ“ใ“ใฏใ‚„ใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€ ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ็ตๆžœใŒๅ‡บใ‚‹ใฃใฆใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
14:56
If you don't study, you'll fail.
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ„ใจ่ฝใกใพใ™ใ€‚
14:57
If you fail, you're kicked out of class.
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ไธ‹ๆ‰‹ใ— ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่ฟฝใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚
14:59
You don't want that to happen.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:00
So you had better study.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€‚
15:01
And your dad would say, remember, teacher would say, you had better study or I'll kick you
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใจ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’
15:04
out.
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่ฟฝใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™.
15:05
Father would say, you ought to study if you want to go to university.
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็ˆถใฏใ€ ๅคงๅญฆใซ่กŒใใŸใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:08
And your friends or Ezekiel would go, yo, man, yo, man, you should study if you want
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใ‚„ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใŒ่กŒใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใ‚ˆใ€ ็”ทใ€ใ‚ˆใ€็”ทใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใใŸใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™
15:13
to go.
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ใ€‚
15:14
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:15
So it's strength.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅผทใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
15:16
But this one says consequence.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ตๆžœใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:17
This is more formal, a little bit more serious, and this one is giving you the choice.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ— ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใงใ€้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:21
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
15:22
Finally, we talked about possibility, prohibition, OK, permission, and ability and advice.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€็ฆๆญขใ€ OKใ€่จฑๅฏใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใจใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:32
But what happens if, really, it's not about possibility or ability, but it's about necessity.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚„่ƒฝๅŠ›ใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฟ…็„ถๆ€งใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
15:46
When you have necessity, you don't have a choice.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€้ธๆŠžใฎไฝ™ๅœฐใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:52
You have to do it.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
15:53
It's your first one.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
15:54
Not have, but have to do it.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:56
Proper pronunciation.
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้ฉๅˆ‡ใช็™บ้Ÿณใ€‚
15:58
You have to do something.
329
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:03
OK?
330
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OK๏ผŸ
16:04
We can also say you have got to.
331
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:14
I have one more to write, and I want you to take a look at this carefully.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคๆ›ธใ ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚
16:17
And must, which you probably know.
333
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
16:20
By the way, I'm going to teach you a little trick right now to remember necessity.
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ณใƒ„ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
16:23
Hard word to spell?
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ใคใฅใ‚ŠใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰๏ผŸ
16:24
Not really.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ€‚
16:25
Imagine you're in your house, and you have a cat and two skunks.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎถ ใซใ„ใฆใ€็Œซใจ 2 ๅŒนใฎใ‚นใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:29
If you know Pepe Le Pew are running around the house.
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ใƒšใƒšใƒปใƒซใƒปใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผ ใŒๅฎถใฎไธญใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Šๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
16:32
Well, the cat chases the skunks.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็Œซใฏใ‚นใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฟฝใ„ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:34
Get it?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
16:35
The two skunks.
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2 ใคใฎใ‚นใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ฏใ€‚
16:36
N-E-S-S-I-T-Y.
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N-E-S-S-I-T-Yใ€‚
16:37
You'll remember forever.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐธ้ ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:38
Trust me, OK?
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็งใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:39
N-E-S-S-I-T-Y.
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N-E-S-S-I-T-Yใ€‚
16:40
Free lesson.
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็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
16:41
See?
347
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่ฆ‹ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
16:42
That's how good.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:43
I give you free lesson.
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็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:44
Fifty percent off.
350
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50% ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ€‚
16:45
Free lesson.
351
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็„กๆ–™ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
16:46
Sorry.
352
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
16:47
So, have to, have got to, and must express necessity in English.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€have toใ€have got toใ€ and must ใฏๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:54
So, when we look at expression, we can start off from what is possible to what is absolutely
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่กจ็พใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ตถๅฏพใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ“ใจใพใง่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ
17:00
necessary by using models.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:02
You like that?
356
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:03
That's the PAN system.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒPANใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:04
OK?
358
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OK๏ผŸ
17:05
Remember?
359
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่ฆšใˆใฆ๏ผŸ
17:06
P is for what?
360
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Pใฏไฝ•ใฎใŸใ‚๏ผŸ
17:07
Start off logically now.
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ไปŠใ™ใ่ซ–็†็š„ใซๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:09
What is possible?
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ไฝ•ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:10
Do I have permission?
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่จฑๅฏใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:11
Are there any prohibitions?
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็ฆๆญขไบ‹้ …ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:12
OK?
365
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OK๏ผŸ
17:13
Once I've addressed the possibilities and gone from there, then I say, well, do I have
366
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซ ๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใซ
17:17
the ability, and should you give me some advice on what I should do?
367
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ใฏ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹?
17:20
And then finally, you've got to make sure, is it really a necessity?
368
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟ…่ฆใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:24
Do I really have to do this?
369
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็งใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:25
And if I have to do it, should I use these words?
370
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ— ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:28
Cool?
371
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
17:29
High five.
372
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ใƒใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒใ€‚
17:30
Yeah.
373
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ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:31
One second.
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ไธ€็ง’ใ€‚
17:32
Sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:33
There.
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ใใ“ใซใฏใ€‚
17:34
Poof.
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ใตใตใ€‚
17:35
High five.
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ใƒใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒƒใƒใ€‚
17:36
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
17:37
So, if you want to learn more about this, modal madness, OK, I can call it either modal
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใƒปใƒžใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใƒป
17:40
madness or mastering modals, whichever you like.
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ใƒžใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒใ‚นใ‹ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใƒปใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ๅฅฝใใชๆ–นใ‚’ๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:42
Basically, it's mastering modals because right now, you've gone through the ideas that we
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผ
17:46
put in our heads when we're thinking about modals.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้ ญใฎไธญใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซๅ…จไฝ“ๅƒ
17:48
I think you've got the complete picture here, right?
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
17:50
Easy to remember.
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่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ€‚
17:51
Check out the red words.
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่ตคใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:52
That's what you have to remember.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
17:53
Easy enough.
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็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:54
Go from the red words up to pan.
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่ตคใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ‘ใƒณใพใง่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:55
And just remember, express pan.
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ใใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
17:57
Express possibility.
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’่กจ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
17:58
Express prohibition.
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ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚น็ฆๆญขใ€‚
17:59
Express permission.
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ๆ˜Ž็คบ็š„ใช่จฑๅฏใ€‚
18:00
Express ability.
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่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
18:01
Express advice.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’่กจ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:02
Express necessity.
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ๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใ‚’่กจๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
18:03
Or, easy, pan.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:05
Everyone's got one in your house?
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ใฟใ‚“ใชๅฎถใซ ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‹๏ผŸ
18:06
You cook things.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่ชฟ็†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:07
Don't forget, this is part of the seam method, OK?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ seam ใƒกใ‚ฝใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:10
This is E from the seam method.
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ใ‚ทใƒผใƒ ๅทฅๆณ•ใฎEใงใ™ใ€‚
18:12
But, you know what?
402
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
18:14
It would be best if you went to the website because you'll see not only the video, because
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ๅ‹•็”ปใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ไปŠ็งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซ่กŒใฃใŸๆ–นใŒ
18:20
you're watching me now, right?
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
18:22
But you'll also find something that is a necessity.
405
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ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:25
I'm giving you permission.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จฑๅฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:27
It's great advice.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
18:29
I know you have the ability.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:31
There's a strong possibility you'll get a great improvement.
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ๅคงใใชๆ”นๅ–„ใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:34
And there's no prohibition against it.
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ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็ฆๆญขไบ‹้ …ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:36
Then you go to this website, OK?
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:41
www.engvid.com
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18:51
There's a quiz.
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www.engvid.com ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:53
Oh, remember this.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
18:55
One of the questions will be, "How many things did you learn?"
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่ณชๅ•ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ„ใใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ็ขบ่ช
19:00
You might have to go over the video and check, OK?
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใญใ€‚
19:03
Because there's a lot of information here and I'm not going to tell you.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
19:06
So go to www.engvid.com.
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www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:08
Do the quiz.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:10
See you there.
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ใงใฏใพใŸใญใ€‚
19:11
Have a good one.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
19:12
Now, where did I put my paper?
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏ็ด™ใ‚’ใฉใ“ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
19:15
See you.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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