English Grammar - SOME & ANY

184,561 views ใƒป 2011-04-26

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, James from England. Today, I would like to teach you something. I'm sure that you may know somebody, or anybody in that case, that might, see, I said something wrong, I said anybody.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ•™ใˆใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ่ชฐใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:18
What are we going to learn? I'm going to teach you about some and any. I said you might know somebody who needs help.
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็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใจๆ•™ใˆใฆ ใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸ.
00:26
And I said anybody might. It doesn't quite make sense in English. Today's lesson is how you can use some and any correctly and know when you should use it appropriately.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ ใ€some ใจ any ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:36
Right? So let's go to the board, Mr. E. My partner in crime is going to help us with some and any.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ๅง”ๅ“กไผšใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€E ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚็ง ใฎๅ…ฑ็Šฏ่€…ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:46
You'll notice some is in black and the lessons from some are in black. Any is in red and the lessons are in red.
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ไธ€้ƒจใฏ้ป’ใงใ€ไธ€้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ้ป’ใง่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใŒ่ตคใงใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ่ตคใง่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:53
If you look at the little brackets, those are these little things here, each one will give you a small hint, visual clue of how to use it.
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ๅฐใ•ใชๆ‹ฌๅผงใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚ŒใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ€่ฆ–่ฆš็š„ใชๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™.
01:00
Alright? So the first one we're going to look at is some. Some we usually use in positive sentences.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใฎ ใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใง้€šๅธธไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:05
I would like some money now, please. I don't want any money. I want some money.
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ไปŠใ™ใใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠ้‡‘ใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใŠ้‡‘ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ€‚
01:11
Alright? So, I am hungry. I'm hungry. I want something to eat. Positive. It's something you want for yourself. Positive.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ็ฉบ่…นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ ้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚
01:19
Now, any is the exact opposite in this case. Alright? So, any in this case, we have any. It's the negative.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ any ใฏๆญฃๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ any ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
01:26
So, we want to say something in a negative way. Right? So, I don't want anything to eat. We use anything.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚้ฃŸในใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
I don't want something to eat. I don't want anything to eat. So, you've noticed here we've got the positive and the negative.
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ไฝ•ใ‹้ฃŸในใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚‚้ฃŸในใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:37
So, it's positive expectation. Some. Negative, we say any. Now, most students get here and they stop.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ€‚ ๅฆๅฎš ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใฆ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:45
Okay? But we're going to go a little bit further. We're going to go a little bit deeper. Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆทฑใๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:49
I feel like I'm doing a fitness video. Deep, deeper. Okay? We're going to go here.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒˆใƒใ‚นใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆทฑใใ€ๆทฑใใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:53
Now, if you have, okay, if you ask, okay, because we're going to say, look, I'm going to talk about questions.
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่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:59
You notice there are two questions and they can be a bit confusing. So, I'm going to do something a bit backwards.
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2 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้€†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
02:03
Forgive me, but it's going to make sense. If you're asking general questions, we use any.
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ any ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:11
Has anybody seen my shoes? It's just a general question. I am not offering anybody anything.
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่ชฐใ‹็งใฎ้ดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใใพใงใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ่ชฐใซใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:17
I am not asking for anything and I'm not generally expecting a yes. Okay? So, this is usually, right?
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็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใฃใฆใ€ใ ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผŸ
02:23
When we expect a yes answer, when we expect a yes answer, what we'll do is we'll actually use some. Right?
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ใฏใ„ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใฏใ„ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ™ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:31
For instance, you look hungry. Would you like some food? I'm telling you, you look hungry.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠ่…นใŒใ™ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
You look hungry. That's emaciated. No food. Go to the mechanic. There's a movie with Christian Bale
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠ่…นใŒ็ฉบใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚„ใ›่กฐใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒ็„กใ„ใ€‚ ใƒกใ‚ซใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒปใƒ™ใƒผใƒซใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ 
02:45
and he doesn't eat any food and he's like this, this thin. Okay? I can't remember what it's called, but look for it.
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ใ‘ใฉใ€ๅฝผใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚้ฃŸในใชใ„ใฎใซใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใชใซ็—ฉใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅๅ‰ใฏ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆคœ็ดขใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:52
Christian Bale, you owe me a dollar. I send people to your movie. Okay?
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒปใƒ™ใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใซ 1 ใƒ‰ใƒซๅ€Ÿใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซไบบใ€…ใ‚’้€ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:56
But what I'm saying is you expect them to say yes because I say you look hungry.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏ ใ€็งใŒใŠ่…นใŒใ™ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใจ่จ€ใ†ใจๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
03:00
So, then I want to offer them some food. Would you like some food?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:04
So, there's an expectation of a yes answer. I am offering them something. Right?
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใฎ็ญ”ใˆใŒๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ไปŠๅ›ž
03:10
I am not actually asking for something this time, but that can be.
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ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใใ†ใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
By the way, this is something, s, thing, something.
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ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ sใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:17
So, if you see me doing another video, that's what it means.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒๅˆฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๆ’ฎใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™.
03:19
You're asking for something, you're offering something, or you expect yes in the answer. Okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็ญ”ใˆใซใ‚คใ‚จใ‚นใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:24
It's usually the way it goes. Now, in this case, generally, as I said, general questions are just with any. Right?
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้€šๅธธใฏใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ ใซใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
03:31
Have you seen anyone at school today? Now, have you seen someone? Right?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๅญฆๆ กใง่ชฐใ‹ใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใฎ
03:36
That would be looking for, you know, we're expecting a yes answer, but we see anyone because I don't know.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใง่ชฐใ‹ใซไผšใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
It's just a general open-ended question. Right?
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ ็š„ใช่‡ช็”ฑๅ›ž็ญ”ๅผใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
03:43
So, we've done the questions. We've done positive and negative. Now, I've got this other one down here.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใฏใ“ใฎๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:48
Look very close, closer. Look right here. Here we go.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฟ‘ใใง่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚
03:53
Okay, if. If is really interesting. It belongs in the any category.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ข็™ฝใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚ ไปปๆ„ใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใซๅฑžใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:58
Why? Well, when we talk about if, we have three ideas we want to talk about.
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ใชใœ๏ผŸ if ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒ 3 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
If by itself, if it doesn't matter, and the idea of if.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ—ใฎ่€ƒใˆใ€‚ ๆทฑใ
04:09
Told you we're going deep. Very deep.
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ๆŽ˜ใ‚Šไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซๆทฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:11
If. If anybody, and here we go, if anybody wants help, let me know.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚‚ใ€‚ ๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชไบบใŒใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:17
If anybody wants help, let me know.
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่ชฐใ‹ๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:19
Well, I'm going to deal with here and here first.
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ใ•ใฆ ใ€ใพใšใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใจใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:21
If is being used in the sentence, so we use this.
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if ใŒๆ–‡ไธญใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:24
But in this case, it doesn't matter. I don't care who needs the help.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏๆฐ—ใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:29
When I care, I'll use somebody, but if I don't care who needs the help, I'm going to use this.
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ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ชฐใŒๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ ใจใใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:33
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
04:34
If you're okay, anytime, okay, this is the idea of if.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใชใ‚‰ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒifใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
04:41
Anytime you're in town, come visit me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”บใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ ็งใซไผšใ„ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:43
Anytime you're in town, come visit me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”บใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ ็งใซไผšใ„ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:45
It means, if you are in town, come and visit me.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”บใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใซไผšใ„ใซๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
04:49
You hear Canadians go, anytime you want, give me a call.
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ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใŒ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
04:52
If you want to call me, at any time you can call me.
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็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:56
That's the idea of if.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒifใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
04:57
So we use if here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ if ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:59
If anybody wants help, right there directly.
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ๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชไบบใŒใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ™ใใใ“ใซใ€‚
05:01
We tell me, let me know, because I don't really care who it is.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:04
And then when I give you the idea of, if you want to visit me, come anytime.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใ‚’่จชใญใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:10
Not sometime, come anytime.
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ใ„ใคใ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ๆฅใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:12
The idea of if is there, and sometimes we just don't say it.
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if ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:15
Want to visit me? Anytime you want.
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็งใซไผšใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใจใใซใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
05:17
This is the if.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒifใงใ™ใ€‚
05:19
So, we've done positive and negative, right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใจใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
05:24
Positive is what? Some.
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ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ€‚
05:26
Negative is what? Any.
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ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸ ใฉใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
05:29
Now, boys and girls, please listen to me carefully when I explain this to you.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็”ทใฎๅญใ‚‚ๅฅณใฎๅญใ‚‚ใ€ ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๆณจๆ„ๆทฑใ่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:34
I'm sure I only do it once.
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ใใฃใจไธ€ๅบฆใ—ใ‹ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
05:36
English.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ€‚
05:38
Hence the students' riddle with all this.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฎใชใžใชใžใ€‚
05:40
I'm sure you were laughing when I said,
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็งใŒ
05:42
"English is a very stupid language.
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ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ ใฐใ‹ใ’ใŸ่จ€่ชžใ ใ€‚
05:45
You must say everything."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:47
Second rule, there is always exception to all English language.
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็ฌฌ 2 ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏๅธธใซไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:51
Simply because, number one, our language is made up of four languages.
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็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎ่จ€่ชžใฏ 4 ใคใฎ่จ€่ชžใงๆง‹ๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:55
Number two, we don't speak it very well.
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚ŠไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:58
So, these are not hard and fast rules.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŽณๆ ผใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:01
Column James' 80% rules.
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ใ‚ณใƒฉใƒ ใƒปใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚นใฎ80%ใƒซใƒผใƒซใ€‚
06:03
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
06:04
You will probably hear someone make a mistake, but then it's okay.
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่ชฐใ‹ ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใฎใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:06
You'll live.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็”Ÿใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
But you should generally follow these rules, and you'll generally be okay.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€้€šๅธธใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้€šๅธธใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:10
Positive things, use some.
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่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:12
Negative things, use any.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:14
If you are offering, asking, or expecting somebody to say yes, use some.
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่ชฐใ‹ใซใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€some ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:20
If, it's just a general question, "Has anybody seen my shoes?"
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹็งใฎ้ดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
06:24
You don't know who's going to say, like, "I have."
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่ชฐใŒ ใ€ŒI haveใ€ใชใฉใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:26
They won't say, "Yes."
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:27
They will say, "I have," or, "He has."
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:29
It's over there.
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ใ‚ใกใ‚‰ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:30
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:31
Then you use this, the any.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:32
And finally, if you're involving the idea of if, right?
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒifใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅซใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:35
If you like this, you should have some.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ๅฅฝใใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
06:40
Oops, see, there's an exception right there.
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ใŠใฃใจใ€ใปใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ“ใซไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:42
There's the exceptions.
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ไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:43
But we usually use any, right?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ?
06:45
If anybody wants help.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
06:46
If it doesn't matter, the idea of if.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ•้กŒใงใฏใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ifใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€‚
06:48
If you're in town, any time you like, give me a call.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ก—ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚็งใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:51
Idea of if.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚‚ใฎ็™บๆƒณใ€‚
06:52
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
06:53
Alright.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
06:54
Hopefully this will help you out, your writing and speaking.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใจใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:56
But I've got one more little note before I forget.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคๆณจๆ„ไบ‹้ …ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:58
Because if you looked, you were probably smart enough to go,
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่ฆ‹ใ‚Œ ใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€Œ1ใ€2ใ€3ใ€4ใ€5ใ€6ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใปใฉ้ ญใŒใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰
07:00
"One, two, three, four, five, six."
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:05
A lot of times, students have problems with, well, I didn't put every up here.
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏๅ•้กŒ ใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:09
But they'll have problems with everybody and everyone because they assume that these are plural words.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ชฐใจใงใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†.
07:17
When you have somebody, anybody, someone, or anyone, they are actually singular.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็‰น็•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
07:23
And I'm putting this little note in here because I have this problem and people have problems with this.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็ง ใŒใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™.
07:27
Because you can look at this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
07:28
People have one body.
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ไบบใฎไฝ“ใฏไธ€ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
07:30
And someone, I'm coming up, it's telling you, "One."
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใใฆ ใ€ใ€Œ1ใคใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:34
It's just an unknown one.
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ๆœช็Ÿฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
07:36
But now you'll understand when you see these words and sentences and you refer to these rules, life becomes a lot simpler.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็”ŸๆดปใŒใšใฃใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:42
Anyway.
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ใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€‚
07:43
Mr. E, thank you very much.
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Eใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:45
I appreciate that you wanted to give me any help that you could today.
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ๆœฌๆ—ฅใฏใ€ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚ŠใฎใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใๅญ˜ใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:49
And some of the advice you gave me was really good.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
07:52
Alright.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
07:53
Thanks a lot.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
07:54
And I will see you later, okay?
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ใพใŸๅพŒใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚
07:55
Thanks.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
07:56
If you guys have any questions, you know what to do.
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ใ”ไธๆ˜Žใช็‚นใŒ ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ใŠๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:57
You need to go and get some of your information from www.eng as in English, vid as in video.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ www.engใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏ vid ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:07
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:08
And you get some of the information.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:09
And you can learn, you know, anything else you like.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไป–ใฎๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
08:12
Anything else you like.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚
08:14
Calm.
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่ฝใก็€ใ„ใฆใ€‚
08:16
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
08:17
Take care.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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