English Grammar - All about phrasal verbs!

422,768 views ใƒป 2010-02-19

ENGLISH with James


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Diesel and other, uh, Diesel's and other stores, there are 400 of them worldwide, so hey, having
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚ผใƒซใจใใฎไป–ใ€ใˆใˆใจใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚ผใƒซใจใใฎไป–ใฎๅบ—่ˆ—ใฏใ€ ไธ–็•Œไธญใซ 400 ๅบ—่ˆ—ใ‚ใ‚Š
00:11
trouble keeping up?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:12
Hi, it's James.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚
00:13
Engvid.com.
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Engvid.com.
00:14
I want to talk to you about a phrasal verb, keep up.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:19
Keep up.
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ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใ€‚
00:20
Well, there are two words for that, so let's start at the beginning.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฏ2ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใฎใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:24
What the hell is a phrasal verb, right?
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฃใฆไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ• ๏ผŸ
00:27
Phrasal verb.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
00:31
Now a phrasal verb is a two or three word verb.
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็พๅœจใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏ2่ชžใพใŸใฏ3่ชžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:41
For an example, pick up, right, pick up.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ๅณใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€‚
00:55
I like pick up because it has a couple of meanings, number one, you can pick something
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็งใŒๆ‹พใ†ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชใฎใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใšใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‹พใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
00:59
up.
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ใ€‚
01:00
If you get really lucky, you can pick up a chick, pick up a girl, that is, pick up.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‹ใŒ่‰ฏใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใฒใ‚ˆใ“ใ‚’ๆ‹พใ†ใ€ๅฅณใฎๅญใ‚’ๆ‹พใ†ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆ‹พใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
So when we talk about pick up, I gave you one, right, which is to move something.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ† ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™.
01:11
The other one is to make moves, okay, you like that one?
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ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฏๅ‹•ใใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:17
Make moves on someone, alright?
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:21
So we use this to act as a verb by putting two things together.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จ ใ—ใฆใ€2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
One is a verb, an actual verb, and the other is a preposition, okay?
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1ใคใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†1ใค ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:33
And by putting this verb and the preposition together, what we do is we create a new life
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็”Ÿๅ‘ฝไฝ“ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™
01:38
form.
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ใ€‚
01:39
I'm getting crazy here, but this is basically what a phrasal verb is, okay?
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่ฉฑใŒ ้€ธใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:45
So now that we've done what basically is, what I want to do is work on a unique one,
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€็งใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใชใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใชใ‚‚ใฎใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ใ“ใจ
01:49
one I like a lot, and we're going to do keep up.
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ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่ฟฝใ„ใคใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™.
01:52
Now what I want to do is teach you a certain way of looking at it, so as we look at keep
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ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€keep up ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž up
01:57
up, I'm actually going to be teaching you how to deal with phrasal verbs that deal with
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ใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ‰ฑใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
02:02
the preposition up, okay?
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ใญใ€‚
02:05
I'm using keep as an example so we can look at the idea of what a verb means, okay, and
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keep ใ‚’ไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
02:11
then how we modify the verb with a preposition.
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ใ€‚
02:13
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
02:14
Well, let's get started, shall we, all right, where's my friend and buddy and companion?
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ใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ€็›ธๆฃ’ใ€ไปฒ้–“ใฏใฉใ“ใงใ™ใ‹?
02:21
Hold on.
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ๆŒ็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:24
We've got Mr. E. We need Mr. E, okay?
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Eใ•ใ‚“ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚Eใ•ใ‚“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆ ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:34
For those of you who don't know Mr. E, it's Ezekiel, okay, with his beer.
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Mr. E ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆ–นใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใจใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
02:43
He likes beer.
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ๅฝผใฏใƒ“ใƒผใƒซใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:44
Cerveza if you're Spanish, okay?
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณไบบใชใ‚‰Cervezaใงใ™ใญใ€‚
02:47
Anyway, try keep up.
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ใจใซใ‹ใ่ฟฝใ„ใคใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ€‚
02:49
So we're going to look at keep up.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€็ถšใ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
Now keep up has a couple of meanings.
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ใ•ใฆใ€keep up ใซใฏ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
See I'm all over the place here.
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใฎใ„ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:59
Can you keep up?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฟฝใ„ใคใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:00
There we go, there we go, all right.
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ใ‚ˆใ— ใ€ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€‚
03:01
So I feel like I'm on a cooking show.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ–™็†็•ช็ต„ใซๅ‡บใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใงใ™ ใ€‚
03:03
All right, so we've got two parts, right?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใง 2 ใคใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
03:06
We've got this part, we've got this part, one, two.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€1ใ€2ใ€‚
03:10
We've got the verb, okay, and we've got the preposition.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ—ใฆๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:21
How do we get this?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:22
Now, look, once we do this, we're going to do this.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
03:24
If you come down, I'm going to do meanings.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้™ใ‚ŠใฆใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
03:25
You're going to find out this is going to have several meanings.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:28
Number one, keep up means to continue, continue to do something, maintain.
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็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€keep up ใฏ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:36
Continue or we can say maintain.
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็ถš่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:41
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:42
Another one to be keep up could be position.
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่ฟฝใ„ใคใในใใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฏ ไฝ็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:50
Another is to increase your speed, to be the same as someone else.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใจๅŒใ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:53
So to increase, to be or join, sorry, join somebody else.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅข—ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
In this case, S.B. equals somebody, okay?
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ S.B. ่ชฐใ‹ใซ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:24
All right, so here's three possible things to keep up meaning.
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ใงใฏใ€ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฌกใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:28
So I can give you a sentence.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไธ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:29
Let's say number one, my boss said keep up the good work.
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็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ ็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใชใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:42
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:43
Now, in this case, keep up means continue.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ keep up ใฏ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:50
Keep doing that good work.
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ใใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:52
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:53
Now, the next one, we can talk about, sorry, let's do number three here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใง 3 ็•ช็›ฎใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:12
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:16
Are you 18?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ18ๆญณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:17
If so, continue.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:18
Okay, I couldn't keep up with her in bed because she was moving the bed,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใงๅฝผๅฅณใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
05:23
or she was doing something in the bed faster than I was, okay?
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ใ€‚
05:25
Keep up.
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ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใ€‚
05:27
Ezekiel is not looking happy right now.
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ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใฏ ไปŠใ€ๅนธใ›ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:28
Ezekiel gave me this.
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ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใฏ็งใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:32
Okay, so keep up.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใง็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:34
So in this case, I had to increase my speed, but I wasn't able to do so.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้€Ÿๅบฆใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:37
Number three.
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ๆ•ฐ3ใ€‚
05:38
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:39
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:40
So here are just two examples where we use keep up to maintain and keep up
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€้€Ÿๅบฆ ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—ใฆ่ฟฝใ„ใคใใŸใ‚ใซ keep up ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—
05:44
with speed.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:45
But how do we get these ideas?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
05:47
Well, what I want to do is I want to show you where it comes from because
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ใˆใˆใจใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใฏ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰
05:51
all of these, in a way, have something with keeping up, so they join somebody
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ™ในใฆใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง ่ฟฝใ„ใคใใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
05:55
else.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:56
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:57
Continue, position.
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€้…็ฝฎใ€‚
05:58
There's a similarity.
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้กžไผผ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:59
And that similarity comes from the joining of this and this.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ้กžไผผๆ€งใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใจใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰็”Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:02
So let's break it down and look at meanings.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
06:04
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:05
So, continue.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็ถšใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:06
What are we going to do here?
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:07
So, with verb, keep means to what?
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ใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ keep ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
06:10
Well, one of the means for keep is to hold on to something.
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ใ‚ญใƒผใƒ—ใฎๆ‰‹ๆฎตใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:18
Something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚
06:19
You hold on to something.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆกใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:20
Keep.
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ไฟใคใ€‚
06:21
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:22
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:23
And this is in your possession.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ‰€ๆœ‰็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
06:27
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:28
That's number one.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
06:29
Hold on to something in your possession.
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚“ ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:30
Number two.
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผ2ใ€‚
06:31
To hold on to something for a period of time.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใ€‚
06:34
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:35
So when I keep it, I want to hold it for a period of time, you know, like
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใใฏใ€
06:37
10 minutes, 20 minutes, or 30 minutes.
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10 ๅˆ†ใ€20 ๅˆ†ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ 30 ๅˆ†ใชใฉใ€ไธ€ๅฎšๆœŸ้–“ไฟๆŒใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:39
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:41
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:42
Oh.
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ใŠใŠใ€‚
06:43
Get it done.
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็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:44
Position.
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ไฝ็ฝฎใ€‚
06:45
Number two.
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผ2ใ€‚
06:46
Sorry.
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:47
Number two.
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผ2ใ€‚
06:50
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:52
There you go.
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ใปใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
06:57
Kept me up all night.
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ไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญ่ตทใใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
07:06
There we go.
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ใงใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:09
So we can make a story out of this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:11
Remember we talked about position, continue and increase?
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ไฝ็ฝฎใ€็ถ™็ถšใ€ๅข—ๅŠ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹?
07:14
We can start off with my girlfriend said keep up the good work.
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ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ ใŒ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
07:17
I couldn't keep up with her in bed, but she kept me up all night.
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็งใฏใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใงๅฝผๅฅณใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญ็งใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:21
Position.
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ไฝ็ฝฎใ€‚
07:25
Anyway, back to work.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:27
So we're going to hold on to something.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ›บๅŸทใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚
07:30
Possession.
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ๆ‰€ๆŒใ€‚
07:31
Now another one we can talk on is to hold on for some time.
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ†1ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใๅพ…ใคใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:39
For a time.
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ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ใ€‚
07:41
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:42
Keep.
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ไฟใคใ€‚
07:43
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
07:44
The other thing is to hold place.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใค ใฏใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:51
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:52
So in this case, funny, this verb means to hold on to something, a noun for
137
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉž ใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใ—ใŒใฟใคใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—
07:56
yourself.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:57
The next one is to hold on to time.
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ๆฌกใฏ ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:00
Another one, place or position.
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใพใŸใฏไฝ็ฝฎใ€‚
08:03
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:04
So these are the three things.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใฎ3็‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
08:05
So what did I say?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:06
Time, remember?
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:07
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
08:09
Place, right here.
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ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ใ“ใ“ใ€‚
08:11
And possession, hold.
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ใใ—ใฆๆ‰€ๆŒใ€ใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใ€‚
08:14
All three are here.
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3ใคใ™ในใฆใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:15
And if we look, it kind of matches up here.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ“ใงใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไธ€่‡ดใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
08:18
What about preposition?
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:19
What does the preposition up mean?
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž up ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹?
08:21
Well, if you're going to excuse me for a second, I'm going to get rid of
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ใˆใฃใจใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅคฑ็คผใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘
08:24
this.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:26
Don't cry for me, Argentina.
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็งใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆณฃใ‹ใชใ„ใงใ€ใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ผใƒณใƒใƒณใ€‚
08:29
The truth is I never left you.
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็œŸๅฎŸใฏใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:32
Because I know you wrote it down in your book, right?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:34
Because you're a smart student.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ณขใ„ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:35
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:36
So what does the preposition mean?
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ใงใฏใ€ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:37
If the verb means this, what does the preposition mean?
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
08:39
Well, the preposition up has five, count them, five different meanings.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž up ใซใฏ 5 ใคใ€ ๆ•ฐใˆใฆใ€5 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:43
So let's do it.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:44
Number one.
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ไธ€็•ชใ€‚
08:46
Actually, you know what?
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:48
I love television.
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็งใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
08:49
Let's do it like that.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:50
Number five.
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5็•ชใ€‚
08:58
Approach.
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ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใ€‚
09:00
Now, approach means come closer.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใฏ่ฟ‘ใฅใใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:05
You want me to approach?
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่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
09:09
Come closer.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฟ‘ใใซๆฅใฆใ€‚
09:10
Approach.
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ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใ€‚
09:11
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
09:12
Approach.
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ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใ€‚
09:13
Come closer.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฟ‘ใใซๆฅใฆใ€‚
09:15
Number four.
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4็•ชใ€‚
09:17
Number four means to stop or end something.
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ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฎ 4 ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅœๆญขใพใŸใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:24
Stop or end.
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ๅœๆญขใพใŸใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:26
Number three.
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ๆ•ฐ3ใ€‚
09:35
Improve something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:38
If you fix something up, you improve it, right?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ”นๅ–„ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:40
Improve.
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ๅ‘ไธŠใ€‚
09:41
Number two.
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ใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผ2ใ€‚
09:44
Increase.
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ๅข—ๅŠ ใ€‚
09:47
See, the people in this story, if they're not careful, they will increase the population.
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ใปใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ่ฉฑใฎไบบใŸใกใ€ ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใชใ„ใจไบบๅฃใŒๅข—ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚
09:50
Increase.
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ๅข—ๅŠ ใ€‚
09:52
And number one, number one meaning for up.
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ใใ—ใฆใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใ€ ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใฎใƒŠใƒณใƒใƒผใƒฏใƒณใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚
09:59
Movement or direction.
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ๅ‹•ใใพใŸใฏๆ–นๅ‘ใ€‚
10:03
So, if we look at three of the most useful, by the way, there's like eight for the verb
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆœ‰็”จใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ 3 ใค่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ใกใชใฟใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž keep ใซใฏ 8 ใคใปใฉใ‚ใ‚‹
10:09
keep, so don't think that this is it.
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ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ ใจใฏๆ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:11
This is just a small, a small tasting, you might say, a small sampling.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใ€ๅฐใ•ใชใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ ใคใพใ‚Šๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚
10:17
With these three plus these five, when we put them together, it helps us to find out
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ใ“ใฎ 3 ใคใซๅŠ ใˆใฆ 5 ใคใ‚’ ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€
10:21
when we see sentences like this, what they mean.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใซใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
10:24
For instance, keep up the good work.
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:27
Well, hold a place or position, keep up the time.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚„ไฝ็ฝฎใ‚’ ไฟๆŒใ—ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:32
So, in this case, good work.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:34
So, what we want to do is approach, come closer, or we can say direction.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€่ฟ‘ใฅใใ“ใจใ€ ่ฟ‘ใฅใใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ–นๅ‘ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใฆ
10:38
We use these two ideas for this, to continue, right?
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:43
So, if you move and hold your place, you're going to continue or keep.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็ถš่กŒใพใŸใฏไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:46
Now, I couldn't keep up with her.
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ไปŠใ€ ็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:47
Well, we've got to keep up with her.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:48
What did that mean?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:49
We talked about increase, right?
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ๅข—ๅŠ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
10:51
So, we look at increased speed, okay?
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ใงใฏใ€้€Ÿๅบฆใฎๅ‘ไธŠใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:53
So, we couldn't hold those, so she has to increase in order to hold your place.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฟๆŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ไฟๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅข—ๅŠ ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
10:57
Wow.
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ใŠใŠใ€‚
10:59
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
11:00
What about number three?
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3็•ชใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:01
She kept me up all night.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญ็œ ใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
11:02
Well, to keep you up all night means you cannot sleep, so she made you hold your position.
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญ่ตทใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€็œ ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
11:06
I'm sorry, hold the place, right?
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ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใญใ€ใใฎๅ ดใงๅพ…ใฃใฆใฆใญ๏ผŸ
11:09
She wouldn't let you go.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ‰‹ๆ”พใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:10
Direction makes you stay up.
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ๆ–นๅ‘ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ตทใไธŠใŒใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:12
We sleep, we go to sleep, we lay down, right?
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฏใพใ™ ใ€ๅฏใพใ™ใ€ๆจชใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:15
You stayed up all night or kept up all night, you stayed like this.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅพนๅคœใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅพนๅคœใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้Žใ”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
11:19
Alright, got it?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
11:20
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
11:21
So, when we look at this now, we've looked at how we can use the verb and its meanings,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใจใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€
11:25
plus the general meanings for the preposition, okay?
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
11:29
When we do this, this is the general meaning for the preposition "up", okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œupใ€ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
11:33
So, right here, verb, general meaning for the preposition, and with that, we can actually figure out what sub-sentences mean.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚ปใƒณใƒ†ใƒณใ‚นใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:42
So, let's have a little bit of fun here, because now I know what you mean and you know what they are, alright?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:47
I'm going to erase the board.
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ๆถˆใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
I'm going to put a couple sentences up, and I want you to figure out what "keep up" means here.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใ‚ญใƒผใƒ—ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„.
11:54
Try to use this plus this to get the right answer.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใจใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅฐŽใๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:58
Are you ready?
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
12:03
[singing]
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ใ€ๆญŒใ€‘
12:08
I love that sound.
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ใ‚ใฎ้ŸณใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
12:11
Alright, so, we're going to have "keep up".
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ ใ€Œใคใฅใ‘ใฆใ€ใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:13
Try to figure it out.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:42
That's one sentence.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไธ€ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:13
So, when we look at these, I want you to look at the "keep up".
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ ใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒผใƒ—ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:23
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
13:24
What ideas come with this?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใฉใ‚“ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:27
Take a second and think.
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:32
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
13:34
Now, let's take a look.
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ใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:37
I like to keep up with world events, so I read the newspaper.
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็งใฏไธ–็•Œใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใช ใฎใงใ€ๆ–ฐ่žใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
13:41
I like to keep up.
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็งใฏ่ฟฝใ„ใคใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
13:43
Well, in other words, I want to hold my place, because if I don't keep up, I'll lose my place.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฑ…ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใจๅฑ…ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:49
I will lose understanding.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:51
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
13:52
Now, is it direction, increase, improve, stop, end, or approach?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–นๅ‘ใ€ๅข—ๅŠ ใ€ ๆ”นๅ–„ใ€ๅœๆญขใ€็ต‚ไบ†ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใงใ™ใ‹?
13:56
Well, you're looking at either number five or number one.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ 5็•ชใ‹1็•ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:00
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:01
I have to move by reading, right, to keep my place and knowledge.
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็งใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใจ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€่ชญใ‚“ใง็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
14:06
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
14:07
It's not an increase in knowledge, it's to keep where you are.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใใ€็พ็Šถ ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:09
It's not an improvement, it's to maintain.
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ๆ”นๅ–„ใงใฏใชใ ็ถญๆŒใงใ™ใ€‚
14:11
So, we can use this and this, plus this, to get the idea of "maintain" or "continue".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใจใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œ็ถญๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็ถ™็ถšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:16
What about the second one?
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2ใค็›ฎใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:17
She was kept up all night by the loud noise.
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ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏๅคงใใช้จ’้Ÿณใงไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญ่ตทใใฆใ„ใŸ.
14:20
Well, you're trying to sleep, and bang, bang, bang, bang, bang.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็œ ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ ใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€‚
14:23
Bang, bang, bang, bang, bang.
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ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€‚
14:24
So, you're here.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:25
Bang, bang, bang, bang, bang.
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ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€ใƒใƒณใ€‚
14:26
So, you're going to stand up, right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ซ‹ใกไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ
14:28
You're going to keep up.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฟฝใ„ใคใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
14:29
So, in this case, "kept up" is position, right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ญใƒผใƒ—ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใฏไฝ็ฝฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:32
Once it gets placed.
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ไธ€ๆ—ฆ้…็ฝฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:33
But, in this case, we're looking at movement, keeping you up.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏๅ‹•ใใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:36
So, instead of this one, where we said this is "continue", right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็ถ™็ถšใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
14:41
We said this one was "continue".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็ถ™็ถšใ€ใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:43
Remember the three we put on the board?
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ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซ้…็ฝฎใ—ใŸ 3 ใคใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
14:45
In this one, we're talking about position.
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ไปŠๅ›ž ใฏใƒใ‚ธใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
14:49
Alright?
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซ๏ผŸ
14:50
Somebody has made you not able to sleep by keeping you up all night.
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญ็œ ใ‚‰ใ›ใšใซ็œ ใ‚Œใชใใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:55
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
14:56
Well, look.
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:57
We looked at phrasal verbs with "up", and especially starting the other verb, "keep".
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ใ€Œupใ€ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ ็‰นใซใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–นใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œkeepใ€ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
15:02
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:03
Now, I've given you three basic meanings for "keep".
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใ€Œไฟใคใ€ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ 3 ใค็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎ
15:06
Five basic meanings for this preposition.
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5ใคใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช ๆ„ๅ‘ณ.
15:08
So, you can see how it can change.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:09
Even though we have almost the exact same sentence, the meanings can change drastically.
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ใปใผๅŒใ˜ ๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅคงใใๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
15:13
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:14
If you can keep these five things in your mind, you can do almost like a hundred different phrasal verbs.
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ใ“ใฎ 5 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’้ ญใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ ใŠใ‘ใฐใ€ใปใผ 100 ้€šใ‚Šใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:20
Yay.
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ใ‚ใƒผใ„ใ€‚
15:22
That's the applause machine.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ‹ๆ‰‹ๆฉŸใงใ™ใ€‚
15:23
Ezekiel's too cheap to actually get a real audience, so this is "yay" me.
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ใ‚จใ‚ผใ‚ญใ‚จใƒซใฏๅฎ‰ใ™ใŽใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ่ด่ก†ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็ฒๅพ—ใงใ ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€็งใงใ™ใ€‚
15:27
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:28
So, you can probably do a hundred different phrasal verbs that you've never seen before
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ ไปŠใพใงใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใฎใชใ„ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ 100 ้€šใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฎŸ่กŒใงใ
15:31
with "keep it up" and go, "It means this."
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:34
"It means this."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
15:35
"It means this."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
15:36
Cool?
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ใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ
15:37
Thought so.
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ใใ†ๆ€ใฃใŸใ€‚
15:38
Anyway, look.
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:39
I've got to go and keep up with some other stuff.
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็งใฏ่กŒใฃ ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™ฉไธญ่ตทใ
15:41
Hope I haven't kept you up all night.
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ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃ ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:43
So, remember, verb can be used for hold on to something, hold on for time, hold on to place.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚€ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚€ใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚€ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
15:50
Preposition can be for movement of direction, to increase, to improve, to stop or end, or approach.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏใ€ๆ–นๅ‘ใฎๅ‹•ใใ€ ๅข—ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๅœๆญขใพใŸใฏ็ต‚ไบ†ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆŽฅ่ฟ‘ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:58
Glad you were able to keep up with me.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ็งใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใฆใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
16:00
See you in the next lesson, but before I go, I've got to give you the public announcement,
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ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใใฎๅ‰ใซ ใ€ใ„ใ‚ใฐๅ…ฌ็คบใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Š
16:04
so to speak, or Mr. E will help me.
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ†ใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€E ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
16:06
What is it, Mr. E?
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ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€Eใ•ใ‚“๏ผŸ
16:07
What do we need to tell them?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:09
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
16:10
So they can keep up with the grammar that's being given at our website.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
16:14
Well, they need to go to where, Mr. E?
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€Eใ•ใ‚“?
16:16
W, w, w.
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ใƒฏใ€ใƒฏใ€ใƒฏใ€‚
16:19
He's been drinking.
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ๅฝผใฏ้ฃฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:20
He's a worm, for God's sakes.
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็ฅžใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅฝผใฏใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:22
That's www.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ๏ฝ—๏ฝ—๏ฝ—ใ€‚
16:24
EngVid.
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EngVidใ€‚
16:26
EngVid.
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EngVidใ€‚
16:28
Dot com.
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ใƒ‰ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ณใƒ ใ€‚
16:30
Where you'll find myself and some other teachers who will be happy to teach you phrasal verbs
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็ง่‡ช่บซใ‚„ใ€ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž
16:33
and other salacious topics.
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ใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎใ‚ใ„ใ›ใคใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ–œใ‚“ใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ไป–ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:35
Did I say salacious?
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ใ‚ใ„ใ›ใคใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ
16:36
Check it out in our vocabulary section.
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ใง็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
16:38
Have a good one.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
16:39
Have a good one.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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