Learn English Grammar: How to use the 3rd conditional

291,202 views ・ 2016-11-25

Benjamin’s English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:02
Today I am sad.
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였늘 λ‚˜λŠ” μŠ¬ν”„λ‹€.
00:05
I am full of regret. Uhh.
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ν›„νšŒκ°€ κ°€λ“ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–΄.
00:09
Yes, that's right, today we're doing the third conditional.
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λ„€, λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였늘 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„Έ 번째 쑰건문을 ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
This is the conditional tense of regret, wishing that the past was different.
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κ³Όκ±°κ°€ λ‹¬λΌμ‘ŒμœΌλ©΄ ν•˜λŠ” ν›„νšŒμ˜ 쑰건 μ‹œμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
I'm sure, girls, you're not guilty of that. Right.
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λ‚˜λŠ” ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ†Œλ…€λ“€, 당신은 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μœ μ£„κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였λ₯Έμͺ½.
00:24
We're going to be looking at the third conditional and obviously how to use it.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„Έ 번째 쑰건문과 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
Hopefully it will add interest to the way in which you speak, and in which you write.
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그것이 당신이 λ§ν•˜κ³  μ“°λŠ” 방식에 ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό 더해주기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:36
Firstly, I'd like you to think of an event that you feel bad about. Okay? So thinking
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λ¨Όμ € 기뢄이 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ 사건을 생각해 λ³΄μ…¨μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ’‹μ•„μš”? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
00:42
back in your mind to something that you did that wasn't very good. Okay?
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λ§ˆμŒμ†μœΌλ‘œ 당신이 ν•œ 일이 λ³„λ‘œ 쒋지 μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ 일을 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
00:47
So it was something in the past that has started and it's finished. Okay? Like:
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그것은 μ‹œμž‘λ˜κ³  λλ‚œ 과거의 μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ’‹μ•„μš”? 예:
00:54
Yesterday I kissed a parrot and I was very sick.
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μ–΄μ œ λ‚˜λŠ” μ•΅λ¬΄μƒˆμ—κ²Œ ν‚€μŠ€ν–ˆκ³  λ‚˜λŠ” 맀우 μ•„νŒ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
Okay? So it's something... Something I regret and I feel really bad about
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ­”κ°€... λ­”κ°€ ν›„νšŒλ˜κ³  정말 μ•ˆνƒ€κΉŒμš΄ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:05
it. And things would have been different if I hadn't kissed this parrot.
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. 그리고 λ‚΄κ°€ 이 μ•΅λ¬΄μƒˆμ—κ²Œ ν‚€μŠ€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 상황이 λ‹¬λΌμ‘Œμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
How would things have been different? Well, I wouldn't have been sick. Okay?
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상황이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹¬λΌμ‘Œμ„κΉŒμš”? κΈ€μŽ„, λ‚˜λŠ” 아프지 μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
01:19
So, this is how we use the third conditional:
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„Έ 번째 쑰건문을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ :
01:22
"If I hadn't", okay? "Had not", this is the past perfect here, "had".
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"λ§Œμ•½ λ‚΄κ°€ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄", μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ? "had not", 이것은 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ, "had"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
"If I had not kissed a parrot I wouldn't"-would not-"have been ill."
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"λ‚΄κ°€ μ•΅λ¬΄μƒˆμ—κ²Œ ν‚€μŠ€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄ λ‚˜λŠ” "-아프지 μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
01:36
Okay? The thing is we can't change the past, but we're looking back at the past here
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ³΄λ©° μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:46
and going: "Oh, if I hadn't done that, things would have been a little bit different." That
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. "였, λ‚΄κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 상황이 쑰금 λ‹¬λΌμ‘Œμ„ 텐데." 이것이
01:52
is the purpose of this tense. Okay?
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이 μ‹œμ œμ˜ λͺ©μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
01:55
So, what is the magic formula for this tense? Well, we use "if" plus past perfect. Okay?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이 μ‹œμ œμ˜ λ§ˆλ²• 곡식은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”? κΈ€μŽ„, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "λ§Œμ•½"κ³Ό κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
02:04
So that's the... Basically it's like the "had" plus "ed" is probably an easy way of thinking
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그것은... 기본적으둜 그것은 "had" 와 "ed"λ₯Ό λ”ν•œ 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 그것을 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ‰¬μš΄ 방법일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:11
it. "If I had smiled more, I might have got laid."
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. "λ‚΄κ°€ 더 많이 μ›ƒμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ λˆ•μ—ˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ°λΌ."
02:17
I don't know. "If I had worked harder",
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λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. " 더 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ ν–ˆλ”λΌλ©΄",
02:21
no, that's crap. "If I had", yeah, no, no, it's good, it's good because we' got the "ed"
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μ•„λ‹ˆ, 그건 μ“°λ ˆκΈ°μ•Ό. "λ§Œμ•½ λ‚΄κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄", 예, μ•„λ‹ˆ, μ•„λ‹ˆ, μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "ed"κ°€
02:25
so past perfect. Yeah "If I..." Sorry. "If" plus past perfect plus "could", or "would",
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κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œν˜•μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그래 "λ§Œμ•½ λ‚΄κ°€..." μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ§Œμ•½"에 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό λ”ν•˜κ³  "ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€", "ν•  것이닀"
02:33
or "should have", and then past participle. So if it's a regular verb, obviously looking
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λ˜λŠ” "ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€"λ₯Ό λ”ν•œ λ‹€μŒ 과거뢄사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 일반 동사라면 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ
02:39
at your "ed"; if it's not, then check your irregular verb forms. Okay?
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"ed"λ₯Ό 보고; 그렇지 μ•Šμ€ 경우 λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ 동사 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
02:46
"If" past perfect,
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"If" κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ,
02:48
"could" or "would" plus "have" plus past perfect. Okay, so:
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"could" λ˜λŠ” "would" λ”ν•˜κΈ° "have" λ”ν•˜κΈ° κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ. μ’‹μ•„μš”, κ·Έλž˜μ„œ:
02:51
"If", past perfect, "had kissed",
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"If", κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œν˜•, "had kissed",
02:55
"could" or "would", well, I've got my "would" here, and then "have", and then past participle,
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"could" λ˜λŠ” "would", κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 여기에 제 "would"κ°€ 있고 "have"κ°€ 있고 κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
obviously, the verb "be" is irregular. Now, we often use the negative forms, here, so
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동사 "be"λŠ” λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 자, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
03:12
you're kind of adding on your "not" after your, you know, into your past perfect structure.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 뒀에 "not"을 λ§λΆ™μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ ꡬ쑰에 말이죠.
03:19
Okay? Ask me if you're a bit confused. I can help. I have magic powers to help you.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? 쑰금 ν—·κ°ˆλ¦¬μ‹œλ©΄ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. λ‚΄κ°€ 도움이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ” 당신을 λ„μšΈ λ§ˆλ²•μ˜ 힘이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
So another way of putting this, another way of... You know, you've got your two phrases.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것을 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법, 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법은 ... μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 당신은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 두 κ΅¬μ ˆμ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
Yeah? If we look here we have: "If" plus past perfect, plus "could" or "would", plus "have",
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응? μ—¬κΈ°λ₯Ό 보면 "If"와 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ, "could" λ˜λŠ” "would", "have",
03:38
plus past participle. We can change the order of this to: "could" or "would" plus "have",
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κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "could" λ˜λŠ” "would"와 "have",
03:44
plus past participle, plus "if", plus past perfect. So, I could change this order around to:
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과거뢄사, "if", κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œλ‘œ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 이 μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό
03:52
"I wouldn't have been ill if I hadn't kissed the parrot."
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" μ•΅λ¬΄μƒˆμ—κ²Œ ν‚€μŠ€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 아프지 μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."둜 λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
Okay? Obviously we're
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
04:00
putting in the negative there. Okay? So just a different... Slightly different way of playing it.
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거기에 뢀정적인 것을 λ„£κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έλƒ₯ λ‹€λ₯Έ... μ•½κ°„ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—°μ£Ό λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
I'm going to give you lots of opportunity to practice this by doing the quiz later,
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό ν’€λ©΄μ„œ 이것을 μ—°μŠ΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ§Žμ€ 기회λ₯Ό 주겠지
04:11
but just a couple of examples using this first form. Don't know if any of you have been listening
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만, 이 첫 번째 ν˜•μ‹μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑에
04:18
to English nursery rhymes, they're little songs we listen to when we're kids here. But
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μ˜μ–΄ λ™μš”λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 어렸을 λ•Œ λ“£λŠ” μž‘μ€ λ…Έλž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜
04:23
I'm referring to these here. "If Mary had a little lamb, we would have had a farm."
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 이것듀을 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ©”λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ¦° 양이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 농μž₯을 κ°€μ‘Œμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
04:30
Okay? So, "if", and then we have our past perfect, "had", and then "we would have had..."
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, "λ§Œμ•½", 그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ, "ν–ˆλ‹€", 그리고 "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€μ‘Œμ„ 텐데..."
04:44
Okay? If this had happened, we would have... But she didn't have a little lamb, so there
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μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ? λ§Œμ•½ 이런 일이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”... ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ–΄λ¦° 양이 μ—†μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:51
was no farm. Okay? Remember we can't change the past. We're just looking back and asking
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농μž₯이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€ . μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 단지 λ’€λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ³΄λ©°
04:57
for it to be a little bit different.
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쑰금 λ‹¬λΌμ‘ŒμœΌλ©΄ ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λž¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
"If Humpty Dumpty hadn't had a fall, I wouldn't have spent the day picking him up." Okay?
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"Humpty Dumptyκ°€ λ„˜μ–΄μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄ λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έλ₯Ό 데리러 ν•˜λ£¨λ₯Ό 보내지 μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€." μ’‹μ•„μš”?
05:09
So this one I'm using the negative here. "If Humpty Dumpty had"...
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ§ˆμ΄λ„ˆμŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ§Œμ•½ Humpty Dumptyκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄"...
05:14
"Had, had"-so, past perfect-"a fall, I wouldn't have spent". Okay?
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"κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€, μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€"-κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£Œ-"가을, λ‚˜λŠ” 쓰지 μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€". μ’‹μ•„μš”?
05:20
There's my past participle of "to spend the day picking him up".
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" κ·Έλ₯Ό 데리러 ν•˜λ£¨λ₯Ό 보내닀"λΌλŠ” κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
Right, complicated little language lesson there. I want you to make sure you've got it right.
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λ§žμ•„, 거기에 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μž‘μ€ μ–Έμ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…. μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜μ…¨μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
I want you to go right now to www.engvid.com and check out the quiz.
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μ§€κΈˆ λ°”λ‘œ www.engvid.com으둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜μ—¬ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
I'm going to be putting explanations on there for any mistakes you do make,
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λ‚˜λŠ” 당신이 μ‹€μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 거기에 μ„€λͺ…을 ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λ―€λ‘œ
05:40
so it's a very good way of checking
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05:42
your knowledge on this third conditional. I hope that's been of some use to you.
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이 μ„Έ 번째 쑰건에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 지식을 ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό 쒋은 λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 도움이 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
Remember it's the... It's the language of kind of regret.
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그게... μΌμ’…μ˜ ν›„νšŒμ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λΌλŠ” κ±Έ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
05:51
Subscribe to my YouTube channels if you fancy it,
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λ§ˆμŒμ— λ“œμ‹ λ‹€λ©΄ 제 유튜브 채널을 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜μ‹œκ³  Exquisite Englishμ—μ„œ
05:55
and do remember to check me out on Exquisite English.
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μ €λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš” .
05:58
Well done, good concentration.
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μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄, 집쀑λ ₯이 μ’‹μ•„.
06:01
See ya next time.
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λ‹€μŒμ— 보자.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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