Learn English Grammar: Zero Conditional

124,768 views ใƒป 2017-03-07

Benjaminโ€™s English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hello. We're doing the zero conditional today.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์ œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
It's a useful grammatical structure in English.
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์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
Perhaps it's used for, particularly to those who are rules-based people, who like knowing
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ A๊ฐ€ B๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
that A is going to result in B. My little nephew is like this.
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์ œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์กฐ์นด๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Hi, Alex.
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์•ˆ๋…•, ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค.
00:23
So, we're doing the zero conditional. And this is about something that is generally true, like a scientific fact.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
If I press the toilet button, it flushes. Okay? "If", condition, result.
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๋ณ€๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”? "๋งŒ์ผ", ์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.
00:40
"If I do", "If I play, this happens."
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด", "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋†€๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค."
00:45
So this is in present simple, and the result also in the present simple.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
"If you heat ice, it melts." So it's like a scientific fact, it's like something...
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"์–ผ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…น๋Š”๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€...
00:57
This always happens in this same way. The condition always has the same result.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Now, the result, this bit here, it can also be in the imperative rather than the present simple.
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์ž, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋น„ํŠธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
So, I've put a little example here:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
"If you do..." "If you visit Devon,"
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"๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด..." " ๋ฐ๋ณธ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด" - ์˜๊ตญ
01:18
-a place in the southwest of England-"go to Chagford."
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๋‚จ์„œ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ - "์ฐจ๊ทธํฌ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค."
01:23
Where I was born. Okay? It's a great place.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
So, it's like "go to", it's an imperative. I'm telling you to do that.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ฐ€๋‹ค"์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
So this is a structure of command.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…๋ น์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
"If you arrive late to my class again, you", and then I'm going to need to...
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"๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ˆ", ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š”...
01:46
"You will have to go to the head master." Okay? It's the condition equals the result.
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"๋„ˆ๋Š” ๊ต์žฅ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
It's always the same. So if you're late, you have to go to the head master. Okay? Condition,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Šฆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ต์žฅ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€์…”์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์กฐ๊ฑด,
01:57
result, always the same relationship between the two.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„.
02:01
Now, we can have a couple of different, alternative options here. Instead of "if" we could also
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "if" ๋Œ€์‹ 
02:07
use "when" or "unless". I've written that unless... You know when... When's talking
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"when" ๋˜๋Š” "unless"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ... ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ... ์–ธ์ œ๊ฐ€
02:15
about time, obviously. But "unless" means kind of if not, followed by the condition
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "unless"๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ if not์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:21
and result. Condition always in the present.
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. ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
So: "Unless if not he proposes", obviously that's quite weird, formal English.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœํฌ์ฆˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด", ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
The translation would be something like... Or the simplification:
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”:
02:36
"If he does not propose to marry you,"-to propose to marry you. Would you like to marry me?-
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"๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด"- ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ž‘ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ• ๋ž˜?-
02:44
"refuse to go on holiday with him again." Okay? So: "refuse to go", there you've got
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"๊ทธ์™€ ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค", ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์˜
02:51
your imperative. Okay?
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๋ช…๋ น์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
02:55
Now, we can change the order and put the result before the condition, and throw in a bit of
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์ด์ œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์•ž์— ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
"if" and "when" and "unless" right there in the middle just to mix things up, mix the
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"if"์™€ "when", "unless"๋ฅผ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋„ฃ์–ด ์„ž์–ด์„œ
03:10
bowl up. So, the result here is at the beginning.
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๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ์„ž์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
"The boss, my leader, the person who is in charge is angry"
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"์ƒ์‚ฌ, ๋ฆฌ๋”, ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋Š” ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." -๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:22
-again, notice present tense-"when I dance on my table."
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, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”-" ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ ์ถค์„ ์ถœ ๋•Œ."
03:30
Obviously, "when" could
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ "when"์€
03:33
also be replaced by "if" there. "...if I dance on my table". So, "when" would imply that
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"if"๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "... ๋‚ด ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋ฉด". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์–ธ์ œ"๋Š”
03:40
I maybe dance on my table quite a lot. But "if", I'm so scared of my boss that I don't
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ์ถค์„ ์ถœ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "๋งŒ์•ฝ", ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ
03:46
want to dance on my table. And "unless" would change it, so you'd have to have probably
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ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ ์ถค์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด"์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
03:53
a different condition there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
"The boss is angry unless I stay seated."
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" ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค."
04:01
Okay, so let's just have another quick recap. Something that's generally true, like a scientific fact, like:
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์š”์•ฝ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . ๊ณผํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
"If I cross the road without looking, I get knocked over."
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋ฉด ๋„˜์–ด ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:15
Sorry, that's what the traffic's like in London. Pay attention.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ๊ตํ†ต ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:18
Look to your left, look to your right before it's
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04:20
safe to go. "If", condition, result. Present simple, present simple unless we're using
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์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์™ผ์ชฝ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "๋งŒ์ผ", ์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ. ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
04:26
the imperative. "You will go to Chagford if you visit Devon."
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. "๋„ค๊ฐ€ Devon์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด Chagford๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
04:30
And then we can mix in a
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
04:32
bit of "when" and "unless",
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"์–ธ์ œ"์™€ "์–ธ์ œ"๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์„ž์„ โ€‹โ€‹์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
04:34
meaning changing the positive, negative affirmation, so:
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๊ธ์ •๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ • ํ™•์–ธ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
04:39
"Unless he proposes to marry you," blah, blah, blah, this will be the result. This will always
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ" ์–ด์ฉŒ๊ตฌ ์ €์ฉŒ๊ตฌ ์ €์ฉŒ๊ตฌ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
be the result unless you do this. And then you can also have the result here and the condition here.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
The boss is angry if you don't do the quiz right now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์•ˆ ํ’€๊ณ 
04:56
and subscribe to my YouTube channel,
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์ œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ฑ„๋„ ๊ตฌ๋…
04:58
and check out Exquisite English.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์˜์–ด ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜์ด ํ™”๋‚ด์‹œ๋„ค์š”.
05:01
Good night. God bless.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ฌด์„ธ์š”. ์‹ ์˜ ์ถ•๋ณต์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ.
05:02
See ya next time.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ณด์ž.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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