Grammar: When is the past not the past? - BBC English Masterclass

116,966 views ・ 2016-08-22

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:12
Hi, Sian here for BBC Learning English. Today we're going to look at past forms - easy right?
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, BBC Learning English의 μ‹œμ•ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였늘 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거의 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ - 쉽죠?
00:19
We use past forms to talk about things that happened in the past?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
00:23
Well, it's not that simple! We also use past forms when we're not talking about past.
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음, κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€! 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œλ„ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Here are a few ways we do this.
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λ‹€μŒμ€ 이λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
Number 1: Listen to these two examples. Which one do you think my plan sounds less definite?
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1번: 이 두 가지 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ–΄λŠ 것이 λ‚΄ κ³„νšμ΄ 덜 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦°λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:41
Number 1: I'm thinking of going to that party later. Or, number 2: I was thinking of going
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1번: κ·Έ νŒŒν‹°λŠ” λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 갈까 생각 쀑이야 . λ˜λŠ” 2번:
00:48
to that party later. That's right. The second one is less definite.
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— κ·Έ νŒŒν‹°μ— 갈 μƒκ°μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”. 두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 덜 λͺ…ν™•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³„νšμ΄ 아직 ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을
00:53
We use past here - I was thinking - to show that the plan isn't certain yet.
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보여주기 μœ„ν•΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:59
I haven't made up my mind.
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄ λ§ˆμŒμ„ κ²°μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
Number 2: Listen to these two examples. Which one sounds more polite? 1. Is your report ready yet?
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2번: 이 두 가지 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ–΄λŠ 것이 더 κ³΅μ†ν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦¬λ‚˜μš”? 1. λ³΄κ³ μ„œκ°€ 아직 μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‚˜μš”?
01:19
Or 2, I was wondering if your report was ready yet.
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λ˜λŠ” 2, κ·€ν•˜μ˜ λ³΄κ³ μ„œκ°€ 아직 μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:24
The second one, of course, is much more polite. We use past forms here - was wondering/was
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λ¬Όλ‘  두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 훨씬 더 μ •μ€‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 과거의 ν˜•μ‹μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. -κΆκΈˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€/μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:31
- to make the request less direct and more formal. You'll be surprised how often British
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-μš”μ²­μ„ 덜 직접적이고 더 ν˜•μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€. 영ꡭ인
01:37
people use this structure - we like being polite!
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듀이 이 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ©΄ λ†€λž„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³΅μ†ν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
01:46
Number 3: Which of these two examples sound more urgent?
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3번: 이 두 가지 예 쀑 μ–΄λŠ 것이 더 κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦¬λ‚˜μš”?
01:52
It's time to leave. Or It's time we left.
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λ– λ‚  μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ– λ‚  μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
That's right - the second one sounds more urgent. The first example just means 'we should
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 두 λ²ˆμ§Έκ°€ 더 μ‹œκΈ‰ν•œ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 첫 번째 μ˜ˆλŠ” '
02:03
leave now': It's time to leave - the party starts in 20 minutes!
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μ§€κΈˆ λ– λ‚˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€'λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ– λ‚  μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. νŒŒν‹°κ°€ 20λΆ„ 후에 μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
02:09
The second example, we use the past form. This conveys the idea that we should have
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두 번째 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이미 떠났어야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 생각을 μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:15
already left! It's time we left - the party started hours ago.
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! μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ– λ‚  μ‹œκ°„μ΄μ•Ό - νŒŒν‹°λŠ” λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„ 전에 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄.
02:26
Number 4: Which of these do you think sounds correct? I wish I have more time. Or, I wish I had
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4번: λ‹€μŒ 쀑 μ–΄λŠ 것이 λ§žλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μ–΄μš”. μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄
02:34
more time. That's right. The first one is not possible.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μ–΄μš”. μ’‹μ•„μš”. 첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
To make wishes about the present we use the past form - I wish I had more time. We're
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ν˜„μž¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ†Œμ›μ„ 빌기 μœ„ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ – I wish I had more time. μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
02:45
not talking about the past here, we're talking about an unreal present situation. You could
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λΉ„ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ ν˜„μž¬ 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
also use if only. If only I had more time.
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κ²½μš°μ—λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 더 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄.
03:00
Number 5: Which of these two examples sound less likely to happen?
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5번: 이 두 가지 예 쀑 μ–΄λŠ 것이 덜 일어날 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
03:05
Suppose you lose your job. Or,
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직μž₯을 μžƒμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. λ˜λŠ”
03:09
Suppose you lost your job. That's right. The second one sounds less likely
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직μž₯을 μžƒμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  κ°€μ •ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”. 두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 일어날 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:15
to happen. We use the past after suppose or what if when we don't think something is likely
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. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°€μ •μ΄λ‚˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어날 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ—†λ‹€κ³  생각할 λ•Œ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:22
to happen in the future.
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.
03:30
That's it for this Masterclass. For more help with using past forms when you're not
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이번 λ§ˆμŠ€ν„°ν΄λž˜μŠ€λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ κ³Όκ±° 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 더 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©΄
03:36
talking about the past, go to our website bbclearningenglish.com.
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저희 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ bbclearningenglish.com으둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
03:41
Goodbye!
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μ•ˆλ…•νžˆ κ°€μ„Έμš”!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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