BOX SET: 6 Minute English - Internet and Technology English mega-class! One hour of new vocabulary!

1,191,429 views

2020-12-12 ใƒป BBC Learning English


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BOX SET: 6 Minute English - Internet and Technology English mega-class! One hour of new vocabulary!

1,191,429 views ใƒป 2020-12-12

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'mย  Dan and joining me today is Neil. Hey Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” Dan์ด๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ Neil์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…• ๋‹.
00:11
Hello Dan. Whatโ€™s on the agenda today?
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์•ˆ๋…• ๋Œ„. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:13
Well, Iโ€™ll give you a clue. Itโ€™s something thatย  makes the world go round, but it doesnโ€™t reallyย ย 
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์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:18
exist. In fact, if we all stopped believing inย  it, it would have no use at all! What is it?
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. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋ญ์•ผ?
00:25
I havenโ€™t got a clue!
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด!
00:27
Ok...how about this?
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์ข‹์•„...์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
00:31
Money!
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๋ˆ!
00:32
Yep! And not just any money, weโ€™reย  talking about crypto-currency.
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๋„ค! ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Currency is the money thatโ€™s being usedย  in a given country at a certain time.ย ย 
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ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํŠน์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
But what about the cryptopart?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ cryptopart๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:44
Well, crypto is a prefix meaning hiddenย  or secret โ€“ it comes from the word crypticย ย 
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์Œ, crypto๋Š” ์ˆจ๊น€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ cryptic์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
which means mysterious or difficult to understand.ย ย 
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. ํ˜„์žฌ
00:53
You may have heard about the most popularย  crypto-currency at the moment, the Bitcoin.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ์ธ ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:58
Well, Iโ€™ve certainly heard the name,ย  but I canโ€™t say I know what it is.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
First our quiz question. When was theย  Bitcoin crypto-currency first created?
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๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
01:07
a) 2004
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a) 2004
01:09
b) 2009
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b) 2009
01:10
c) 2013
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c) 2013
01:12
Well, I think 2004 may have beenย  a little early, and I think 2013ย ย 
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์Œ, 2004๋…„์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋นจ๋ž์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  2013๋…„์€
01:17
could be a little late, soย  the smart moneyโ€™s on 2009.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋Šฆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” 2009๋…„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Weโ€™ll see if youโ€™re right later on in theย  show. Soโ€ฆBitcoin, what do you know about it?
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์‡ผ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œโ€ฆ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:27
Well, I know itโ€™s a digital currencyโ€ฆsoย  presumably, you can use it online to buy things?
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ†ตํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์•„์š”โ€ฆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•„๋งˆ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
01:32
You are right on the money,ย  which means correct, both times.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Bitcoin is just like any otherย  currency except for two things.ย ย 
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๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ตํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
First, itโ€™s not printed by governments orย  banks, which means that itโ€™s not legal tender.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ธ์‡„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฒ•์  ์ž…์ฐฐ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Legal tender means the official moneyย  that can be used within a country.ย ย 
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๋ฒ•์ •ํ™”ํ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
So that means we canโ€™t use it toย  pay taxes or settle debts, right?
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์ฆ‰, ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
01:55
Exactly. Governments wonโ€™t recognise it as anย  official currency, although it acts just likeย ย 
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ํ†ตํ™”๋กœ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต์‹ ํ†ตํ™”๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:01
one. You can use it to buy items from anyoneย  who will accept it, and its value fluctuates.
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. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Fluctuates means changes in level orย  amount. And whatโ€™s the second thing?
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๋ณ€๋™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:12
Ah, the second thing is that bitcoin is a digitalย  currency, meaning that with the exception of a fewย ย 
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์•„, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ†ตํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
02:18
tokens, it largely exists online only. You canโ€™tย  carry a load of bitcoins around in your pocket!
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ํ† ํฐ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
02:26
Well, that makes a niceโ€ฆ change!
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€โ€ฆ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
02:29
Oh dear, Neil. Was that a money pun? Terrible!
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์˜ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ, ๋‹. ๋ˆ์žฅ๋‚œ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜? ๋”์ฐํ•œ!
02:33
So if itโ€™s a digital only currency,ย  where do new ones come from?ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „์šฉ ํ†ตํ™”๋ผ๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:37
Canโ€™t I just say that Iโ€™ve got aย  million of them and make myself rich!?
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100๋งŒ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”!?
02:41
Well, no. You see, even though Bitcoinย  is not regulated by a bank or government,ย ย 
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์Œ ... ์•„๋‹ˆ. ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์€ ์€ํ–‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
02:46
it still has a process that stops people fromย  cheating. There are only two ways to get bitcoins.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€์ • ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€
02:52
You either trade them fromย  someone, or you go mining.
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์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฑ„๊ตด์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Oh wait, I've heard about this. This is whenย  you use your computer to run calculations whichย ย 
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์˜ค ์ž ๊น๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:01
verify other Bitcoin transactions. You getย  rewarded for this โ€˜workโ€™ by earning bitcoins.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ โ€‹โ€‹๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด '์ผ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Yep! Itโ€™s money for old rope, whichย  means itโ€™s an easy way to earn money.
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๋„ค! ๋‚ก์€ ๋กœํ”„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Wow! Iโ€™m going to start mining immediately!
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์šฐ์™€! ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฑ„๊ตด์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
03:14
Well, you wouldnโ€™t be the only one!ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
03:16
Bitcoinโ€™s value has recently gone up quite a lotย  and this has caused a lot of interest. In fact,ย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค
03:23
one stock exchange in Chicago has begunย  trading in Bitcoin futures contracts.
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์˜ ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์—์„œ ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ โ€‹โ€‹์„ ๋ฌผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
A futures contract? Whatโ€™s that?
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์„ ๋ฌผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ?
03:31
Iโ€™ll let BBC correspondentย  Rory Cellan-Jones explain that.
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BBC ํŠนํŒŒ์› Rory Cellan-Jones๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
A futures contract, a bet on whereย  the currency will be a month from now,ย ย 
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ํ†ตํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ์ธ ์„ ๋ฌผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด
03:39
soared above 18,000 dollars. That means thatย  investors believe Bitcoin, which started theย ย 
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18,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์†Ÿ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ 1000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ์ด ๋”
03:45
year worth under 1000 dollars will continueย  to rise in value, albeit at a slower rate.ย ย 
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๋Š๋ฆฐ ์†๋„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
But at the big banks thereโ€™s stillย  plenty of scepticism about the currency.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์€ํ–‰์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ†ตํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ์˜๋ก ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Soared in this context meansย  increased very quickly. So,ย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
04:00
now big investors are betting onย  the value of Bitcoin in the future.
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์ด์ œ ํฐ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ โ€‹โ€‹๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋ฐฐํŒ…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Yes. But he also mentioned that the banksย  have a lot of scepticism. That's a doubtย ย 
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์˜ˆ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์€ํ–‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์˜๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
04:09
that something is real or true. In thisย  case, whether Bitcoin is reliable or not.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์งœ์ธ์ง€ ์ง„์‹ค์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Bitcoin์ด ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Maybe itโ€™s best I donโ€™t get involved then.ย  After all, a fool and his money are soon parted.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์„ ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋ฐ”๋ณด์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ˆ์€ ๊ณง ํ—ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.
04:19
Well, you donโ€™t have to be scepticalย  about the answer to our quiz.ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํšŒ์˜์ ์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
We know that for a fact. I asked you when theย  Bitcoin crypto-currency was first created.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
a) 2004
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a) 2004
04:29
b) 2009
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b) 2009
04:30
c) 2013
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c) 2013
04:32
And I said 2009.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” 2009๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And you were right! Well done. Shallย  we go over the vocabulary again?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”. ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:38
First, we had currency. Thatโ€™s the money beingย  used in a given country at a certain time.ย ย 
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํŠน์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Name three currencies and their countries, Dan.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ†ตํ™”์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ Dan์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Ok. Baht for Thailand. Rupee for India andย  my favourite, Metical for Mozambique. Nextย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ํƒœ๊ตญ ๋ฐ”ํŠธ. ์ธ๋„๋Š” ๋ฃจํ”ผ, ๋ชจ์ž ๋น„ํฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์นผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ
04:52
we had cryptic. Something which is crypticย  is mysterious or difficult to understand.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ฐ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
For example, what do rich people need, poorย  people have and if you eat it, you die?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ถ€์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด ์ฃฝ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
05:04
A cryptic riddle indeed! Iโ€™llย  have to think about that.ย ย 
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์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
05:07
Then we had legal tender, thatโ€™s the officialย  money that can be used within a country.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ํ†ตํ™”์ธ ๋ฒ•์ • ํ†ตํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
The Euro is legal tender within Spain,ย  but what was the legal tender before that?
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์œ ๋กœ๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฒ•์ •ํ™”ํ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ •ํ™”ํ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
05:17
Wasnโ€™t it the Peseta? Then we hadย  fluctuates. If something fluctuates,ย ย 
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ํŽ˜์„ธํƒ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
05:23
it changes in amount or level.ย  The stock market fluctuates.
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์–‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
But my love for my family never does. Then weย  had soared, which means increased very quickly.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธ‰์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Itโ€™s used with this meaning in theย  context of money, prices and statistics.
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๋ˆ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Finally, we had scepticism. Scepticism is doubtย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์˜์ฃผ์˜๋Š”
05:41
that something is real or true. What sortย  of things are people sceptical about, Neil?
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ์ธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ๋‹?
05:47
Some people think that human activity hasnโ€™tย  caused climate change. They are sceptical.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And that brings us to the end of todayโ€™s 6 Minuteย  English. Donโ€™t forget to check out our Youtube,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. YouTube,
05:58
Facebook, Twitter and Instagram pages,ย  and weโ€™ll see you next time. Goodbye.
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Facebook, Twitter ๋ฐ Instagram ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
06:03
Goodbye
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06:12
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Rob.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
And I'm Dan.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Hey Dan. Whatโ€™s the time?
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ํ—ค์ด ๋Œ„. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ช‡์‹œ์•ผ?
06:19
Time you got a new watch?
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์ƒˆ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€?
06:21
Now I didnโ€™t ask you that just for aย  joke or a sarcastic comment now did I?
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๋†๋‹ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„๊ผฌ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ž–์•„์š”?
06:25
Well no, but look thereโ€™s a clockย  over there, you are wearing a watch,ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์ชฝ์— ์‹œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
06:30
you have a smartphone and a computer, all ofย  which show the time. So why are you asking me?
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ๊ณผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์™œ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฌป๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ?
06:36
Dan! I was trying to introduce todayโ€™s topicย  which is all about virtual assistants or bots.ย ย 
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๋‹จ! ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋น„์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ด‡์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
You seemed to have forgotten the script.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋Œ€๋ณธ์„ ์žŠ์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Oh yes, sorry. Weโ€™re talkingย  about software that you talk toย ย 
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๋„ค, ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ง์„
06:49
and that can talk back to you. Like Appleโ€™sย  Siri, Googleโ€™s Assistant, Amazonโ€™s Alexaย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Apple์˜ Siri, Google์˜ Assistant, Amazon์˜ Alexa,
06:55
and Microsoftโ€™s Cortana. It might be on yourย  phone or computer or even a speaker in your house.
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Microsoft์˜ Cortana์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋‚˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘์— โ€‹โ€‹์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
Now before we hear more about thisย  topic, here is todayโ€™s quiz question:ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Do you know when was the first computer whichย  could recognise speech, launched? Was it in
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์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:14
a) 1951
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a) 1951
07:15
b) 1961
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b) 1961
07:17
c) 1971
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c) 1971
07:20
I have found my script, so Iโ€™ve seen theย  answer but I have to say I was surprised.
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๋‚ด ๋Œ€๋ณธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
07:26
Don't tell anybody, Dan, OK. Weโ€™ll give the answerย  for the listeners at the end of the programme.ย ย 
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์•„๋ฌด์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ, ๋Œ„, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Weโ€™re going to hear now from Tom Hewitson, whoย  is a conversation designer, working in the fieldย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋น„์„œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์ธ Tom Hewitson์ด
07:37
of virtual assistants, talking on BBC Radioย  4's Word of Mouth programme. He talks aboutย ย 
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BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ ์ž…์†Œ๋ฌธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
07:44
the whole idea of virtual assistants and how theyย  are changing the way we interact with technology.ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋น„์„œ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
How does he describe our existingย  relationship with computers?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
07:55
It changes the way that we think about computers.ย  To date weโ€™ve thought of them largely asย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:01
tools. Theyโ€™re just an advanced version of aย  calculator. Theyโ€™re something you kind of useย ย 
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. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฒ„์ „์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:06
to get a specific thing done, whereas this isย  kind of changing them more into like an agent.ย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
Theyโ€™re an active participant in the interactionย  and in guiding you to make the right decision.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋•Œ
08:18
How did he describe our existingย  relationship with computers then?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
08:22
He said that to date, which is an expressionย  which means 'up until this point in time',ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” '์ด ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€
08:26
we have thought of them as advanced calculators.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
Yes, thatโ€™s right, we use themย  as a tool to get things done.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
But he says that modern technology is turning themย  into an agent. This doesnโ€™t mean a secret agent,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ James Bond์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์š”์›์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:39
like James Bond! In this sense anย  agent is something that has agencyย ย 
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! ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋Š” ์—์ด์ „์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
and that means it has the ability to actย  individually and make its own decisions.
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์ฆ‰, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Iโ€™m not sure Iโ€™d like my phone to have agency. Itย  probably wouldnโ€™t like being in my pocket all day.
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๋‚ด ์ „ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Who would Dan? But Iโ€™m not sure Hewitsonย  is suggesting our devices would becomeย ย 
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๋Œ„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Hewitson์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
08:59
that clever but he did say they couldย  become more active in our lives.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋” ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Maybe. I imagine, for example,ย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
09:08
telling us if we are spending tooย  much time in fast food restaurants?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ์ ์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:11
Maybe in your case Dan. Mine would beย  telling me I spend too much time in the gym!ย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Dan. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
09:16
Hewitson goes on to explain how the way we willย  talk to our virtual assistants will develop.ย ย 
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Hewitson์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋น„์„œ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ• ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
What does he say we donโ€™t need to do?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:25
We will develop our own kind of vernacularย  for speaking with machines that will beย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์ฒด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
subtly different from how weย  speak to other people becauseย ย 
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09:33
as you rightly point out you donโ€™t need to makeย  the machine like you donโ€™t need to kind of makeย ย 
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09:38
random chit-chat thatโ€™s just filling the time.ย  It can be much more brusque and to the point.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ์žก๋‹ด. ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž”์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์š”์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
A lot of what we say in human communicationย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
09:46
is to do with our relationshipย  with the person weโ€™re talking to.
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๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
We say things and talk about things that are maybeย  not directly relevant to our point. With a digitalย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”์ ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ
09:56
virtual assistant, we donโ€™t need to do that,ย  so we donโ€™t need to make the machine like us.
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๊ฐ€์ƒ ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
Hewitson said that we will develop our ownย  vernacular, this is a general word for a nativeย ย 
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Hewitson์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:07
language. This vernacular will be a little bitย  different from our everyday vernacular because,ย ย 
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. ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋Š”
10:12
as we said, we donโ€™t need to maintain a socialย  relationship with the artificial assistant.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ธ๊ณต ๋น„์„œ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ƒ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:18
This means that we wonโ€™t need chit-chat.ย  Chit-chat is another expression for small talk:ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์žก๋‹ด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žก๋‹ด์€ ์Šค๋ชฐ ํ† ํฌ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
10:23
conversation topics which arenโ€™t importantย  but are part of everyday social communication,ย ย 
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์†Œ์…œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:29
like talking about the weather.
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.
10:31
And because we donโ€™t need to beย  friends with our virtual assistants,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋น„์„œ์™€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:34
we can be brusque and to the point. Both ofย  these mean being very direct and not very polite.
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๋ฌด๋š๋šํ•˜๊ณ  ์š”์ ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง์„ค์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
Well, Dan, I donโ€™t mean to be brusque but it isย  time for the answer to this weekโ€™s quiz question.ย ย 
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์Œ, ๋Œ„, ํ‰๋ช…์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Earlier I asked when was the firstย  computer which could recognise speech,ย ย 
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์•ž์„œ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ
10:49
launched. The options were:
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์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ต์…˜์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
a) 1951
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a) 1951
10:52
b) 1961
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b) 1961
10:54
c) 1971
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c) 1971
10:56
Well actually the first computer whichย  could recognise speech was launched in 1961.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” 1961๋…„์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
It was called the IBM Shoebox and couldย  recognise 16 words and the numbers zeroย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ IBM Shoebox๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๊ณ  16๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ 0์—์„œ 9๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:09
to nine. Thatโ€™s nearly as many as you!
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹น์‹ ๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:12
Cheeky! Right enough of this chit-chat.ย  Letโ€™s recap todayโ€™s vocabulary.
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๊ฑด๋ฐฉ์ง„! ์ด ์žก๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
Well, chit-chat was one of todayโ€™sย  expressions. Meaning 'small talk',ย ย 
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์Œ, ์žก๋‹ด์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '์žก๋‹ด'์„ ์˜๋ฏธ
11:21
but we also had the expression to date.ย  That means โ€˜up until this moment in timeโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, '์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
Then we had the noun agent. Thisย  refers to something that has agency.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ ํƒ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And that is the ability to think,ย  make decisions and act independently.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
The next word is vernacular,ย  another word for language,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:39
particularly when talking about a native language.
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.
11:42
And finally, there was brusque meaningย  'direct and not polite' and to the point,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋š๋šํ•œ ๋ง๊ณผ ์š”์ ๊นŒ์ง€
11:48
which also means 'direct andย  without unnecessary information'.
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'์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์—†์ด'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Hey Rob
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Hey Rob
11:53
Yes, what can I do for you Dan?
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๋„ค, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š” Dan?
11:55
End the programme.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
Certainly Dan. Well thatโ€™s all from us today,ย  be sure to check us out on all the usual places:ย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋Œ„. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube,ย ย 
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Facebook, Twitter, Instagram ๋ฐ YouTube
12:05
and of course please don't forget ourย  website bbclearningenglish.com. Bye for now!
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์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
12:09
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
12:18
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
And Iโ€™m Sam. Whatโ€™s theย  matter, Neil? You sound upset.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์•ผ, ๋‹? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ.
12:26
Well, I am, Sam - I just spentย  an hour working on my computerย ย 
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์Œ, ์ €๋Š” Sam์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:30
when it suddenly froze. I lost everythingย  and had to start all over again!
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
12:34
Agghh, thatโ€™s so frustrating - like pop-upย  internet ads and buffering videos that never play!
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์•„์•„, ํŒ์—… ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ด‘๊ณ ์™€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํผ๋ง ๋™์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ •๋ง ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
12:40
Modern computers and the internet haveย  revolutionised the way we live today,ย ย 
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์ตœ์‹  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:44
bringing us the world with a click of a button.ย ย 
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๋ฒ„ํŠผ ํด๋ฆญ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
But not everyone feels happy aboutย  these technological developments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€
12:51
While potentially acting as aย  force for good and progress,ย ย 
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์„ ๊ณผ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํž˜์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฆ์˜ค์™€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
12:55
the internet also provides a way of spreadingย  hate and misinformation. And for some people,ย ย 
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ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
13:01
the World Wide Web remains aย  mysterious and confusing place.
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World Wide Web์ด ์‹ ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
In this programme, weโ€™ll hear aboutย  a new academic subject called Webย ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์›น ๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:10
Science. Web Science studies theย  technology behind the internet.
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. ์›น ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ด๋ฉด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
But from the human side, itโ€™sย  also interested in how peopleย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
13:18
interact with each other online. So weโ€™llย  be asking whether studying Web Scienceย ย 
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›น ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:23
could make the internet betterย  for humanity in the future.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:26
But first itโ€™s time for our quiz question. Iย  wonder what the pioneers of the internet wouldย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž๋“ค์ด
13:31
think about how it is used today. So the questionย  is, who invented the World Wide Web? Was it:ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ World Wide Web์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€:
13:37
a) Bill Gates,ย 
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a) Bill Gates,
13:38
b) Tim Berners-Lee, or c) Steve Jobs
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b) Tim Berners-Lee, ๋˜๋Š” c) Steve Jobs
13:42
Well, Bill Gates and Steve Jobs were theย  brains behind Microsoft and Apple Mac,ย ย 
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์Œ, Bill Gates์™€ Steve Jobs๋Š” Microsoft์™€ Apple Mac์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
13:47
so Iโ€™m going to say c) Tim Berners-Lee.
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c) Tim Berners-Lee๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
OK, Sam, weโ€™ll find out later. Now,ย  because of coronavirus the annual Webย ย 
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์ข‹์•„, ์ƒ˜, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ. ์ด์ œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๋ก€ ์›น
13:55
Science conference was held online this year.ย  Its theme was โ€˜making the web human-centricโ€™.
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๊ณผํ•™ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์›น ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ'์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
One of the conferenceโ€™s key speakers, andย  co-founder of the new discipline of Web Science,ย ย 
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ํšŒ์˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด์ž ์›น ๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ์ž๋Š”
14:06
was Dame Wendy Hall. Here she is speakingย  to BBC World Serviceโ€™s Digital Planet:
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Dame Wendy Hall์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC World Service์˜ Digital Planet์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
People think about the web as a technologyย  but actually itโ€™s co-createdby society.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์›น์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
We put the content on, we interact with theย  technology, with the platforms, with the socialย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ํ”Œ๋žซํผ, ์†Œ์…œ
14:22
media networks to create it. What we study is howย  that works as an ecosystem,this coming togetherย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
of people and technology, and itโ€™s veryย  interdisciplinary, very socio-technical,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜ค๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
14:33
and of course these days aย  lot of it is powered by AI.
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด AI์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
Web Science is not only interested inย  the technology side of the internet.ย ย 
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Web Science๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ธก๋ฉด์—๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
As a subject itโ€™s very interdisciplinaryย  - involving two or more academic subjectsย ย 
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์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ•™์ œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ฃผ์ œ
14:47
or areas of knowledge. Web Scienceย  combines digital technology withย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์‹ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Web Science๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
14:52
subjects ranging from psychology andย  robotics to economics and sociology.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ณตํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
Exchanges between humans and the internet canย  be seen in social media networks - websites,ย ย 
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ,
15:02
apps and computer programmes,ย  like Facebook and Instagram,ย ย 
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์•ฑ, Facebook ๋ฐ Instagram๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
which allow people to use electronic devicesย  to communicate and share information.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
This view of technology sees the internet as anย  ecosystem โ€“ a complex pattern of relationshipsย ย 
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ
15:17
and mutual influences that exists betweenย  all living things and their environment.
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์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:22
One ongoing and topical example ofย  websites helpfully interacting with humansย ย 
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
15:28
is the Covid contact tracing app.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ ‘์ด‰์ž ์ถ”์  ์•ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:30
You might think the mobile phone app, whichย  tracks movements and contact between peopleย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ์•ฑ์ด
15:35
to combat coronavirus, would be a usefulย  practical application of internet technology.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
But as Carly Kind, Director of theย  Ada Lovelace Institute in Cambridge,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ€์ž„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ Ada Lovelace Institute ์†Œ์žฅ์ธ Carly Kind๊ฐ€
15:45
explained to BBC World Serviceโ€™s Digitalย  Planet, things are never that straightforward:
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BBC World Service์˜ Digital Planet์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
Actually, thereโ€™s a lot of more fundamentalย  questions that havenโ€™t been answered yet such as:ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•„์ง ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์„
15:56
is Bluetooth even an adequate mechanism forย  doing what it says on the tin, which is detectingย ย 
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๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์„์— ์ ํžŒ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜
16:01
contact between two people? The trails so farย  show that itโ€™s not actually that great and so,ย ย 
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? ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํ”์ ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
16:07
do we know for sure that these apps workย  and they work in the way we want them to?ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ฑ์ด ์ž‘๋™ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
16:11
Do we get the public healthย  information that we need?
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
16:16
Apps like this are designed toย  support public health - servicesย ย 
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฑ์€ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
16:20
to improve the standard of healthย  of a countryโ€™s general population.
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ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
But Carly thinks the mechanisms used must beย  suitable and adequate โ€“ they must actually work orย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Carly๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
16:31
do what it says on the tin โ€“ an informal idiomย  meaning work exactly as it is intended to.
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ํ†ต์— ์ ํžŒ ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
To find this out, trials - testsย  to discover how effective orย ย 
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์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œํ—˜(์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ)์ด ์ผ์ •
16:42
suitable something is - areย  carried out over a period of time.
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์• ์ดˆ์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์„
16:46
The kind of trials which were carried out duringย ย 
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๋•Œ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๋„๋“ค์ด์ฃ 
16:49
the invention of the internetย  in the first place, right, Neil?
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, ๋‹?
16:54
Ah yes, the invention of the internet โ€“ orย  to be more accurate, the World Wide Web. Inย ย 
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๋„ค, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…, ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
our quiz question I asked you who inventedย  the World Wide Web? What did you say, Sam?
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ World Wide Web์„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜?
17:04
I said b) Tim Berners-Lee.
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๋‚˜๋Š” b) Tim Berners-Lee๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
Well, youโ€™re a first class web scientist,ย  Sam, because thatโ€™s the correct answer!
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ๋ฅ˜ ์›น ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ˜. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋‹ต์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”!
17:14
Great! In this programme, weโ€™ve been hearing aboutย  Web Science, a new interdisciplinary subject,ย ย 
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ! ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:21
combining several areas of study, whichย  investigates the ecosystem of the internet โ€“ theย ย 
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17:26
complex pattern of interconnectionsย  between humans and their environment.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํŒจํ„ด์ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•™์ œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ ์›น ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” Facebook๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
17:32
Social media networks โ€“websites and apps,ย  like Facebook, which let people use electronicย ย 
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ ์•ฑ์ธ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š”
17:37
devices to communicate on the internet โ€“ show howย  humans and technology can successfully interact.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
A new Covid contact tracing app is currentlyย  undergoing trials โ€“ tests to see if it worksย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ ‘์ด‰์ž ์ถ”์  ์•ฑ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:49
effectively. This will discover if it does whatย  it says on the tin โ€“ works as itโ€™s supposed to.
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. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์„์— ์ ํžŒ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
If successful, by alerting people toย  coronavirus risks the app will supportย ย 
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•ฑ์€
18:02
public health โ€“ services aimed at improvingย  the health of the general population.
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด( ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค)์„ ์ง€์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
And thatโ€™s all from us for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
And we hope youโ€™ll join us again soonย  for more topical English vocabularyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณง 6 Minute English์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ์˜์–ด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ €ํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:13
here at 6 Minute English. Bye for now!
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
18:15
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
18:23
Hello and welcome to 6 Minuteย  English. I'm Catherine.
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6 Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
And hello, I'm Rob.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” Rob์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
Today we have another technology topic.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
Oh good! I love technology. It makes thingsย  easier, itโ€™s fast and means I can have gadgets.
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์˜ค ์ข‹๋„ค! ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์ ฏ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
Do you think that technology canย  actually do things better than humans?
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
18:40
For some things, yes. I think cars that driveย  themselves will be safer than humans but thatย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
18:46
will take away some of the pleasure of driving.ย  So I guess it depends on what you mean by better.
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์šด์ „์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์•—์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
Good point, Rob. And that actuallyย  ties in very closely with todayโ€™s topicย ย 
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์ข‹์€ ์ง€์ ์ด์•ผ, ๋กญ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‡ผ๋น„๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:56
which is technochauvinism.
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.
18:59
Whatโ€™s that?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ?
19:00
Weโ€™ll find out shortly, Rob, but before we do,ย  todayโ€™s quiz question. Artificial Intelligence,ย ย 
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Rob, ๊ณง ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ
19:06
or A.I., is an area of computer science thatย  develops the ability of computers to learnย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” A.I.๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋Œ ์—†์ด
19:11
to do things like solve problems or drive carsย  without crashing. But in what decade was the termย ย 
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๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์šด์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:19
'Artificial Intelligence' coined? Was it: a) the 1940s,ย 
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'์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? a) 1940๋…„๋Œ€,
19:24
b) the 1950s or c) the 1960s?
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b) 1950๋…„๋Œ€ ๋˜๋Š” c) 1960๋…„๋Œ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:28
I think it's quite a new expressionย  so I'll go for c) the 1960s.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ c) 1960๋…„๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:33
Good luck with that, Rob, and weโ€™ll giveย  you the answer later in the programme.ย ย 
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ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ๋‹ต์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
Now, let's get back to ourย  topic of technochauvinism.
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์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‡ผ๋น„๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
I know what a chauvinist is. Itโ€™s someoneย  who thinks that their country or race or sexย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‡ผ๋น„๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ธ์ข…, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด
19:46
is better than others. But howย  does this relate to technology?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ณง
19:49
Weโ€™re about to find out. Meredith Broussard isย  Professor of Journalism at New York Universityย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Meredith Broussard๋Š” New York University์˜ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜
19:55
and sheโ€™s written a book calledย  Artificial Unintelligence.ย ย 
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์ด๋ฉฐ Artificial Unintelligence๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ €์ˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
She appeared on the BBC Radio 4ย  programme More or Less to talk about it.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ More or Less์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์˜
20:04
Listen carefully and find out herย  definition of technochauvinism.
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๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‡ผ๋น„๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
20:09
Technochauvinism is the idea that technology isย  always the highest and best solution. So somehowย ย 
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Technochauvinism์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“ 
20:16
over the past couple of decades we got into theย  habit of thinking that doing something with aย ย 
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
20:23
computer is always the best and most objectiveย  way to do something and thatโ€™s simply not true.ย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ตœ์„ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:30
Computers are not objective, they areย  proxies for the people who make them.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:36
What is Meredith Broussard'sย  definition of technochauvinism?
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Meredith Broussard์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‡ผ๋น„๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์ •์˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
20:40
It's this idea that using technologyย  is better than not using technology.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:45
She says that we have this idea that a computer isย  objective. Something that is objective is neutral,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
20:52
it doesnโ€™t have an opinion, itโ€™sย  fair and it's unbiased โ€“ so itโ€™sย ย 
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์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
20:56
the opposite of being a chauvinist. Butย  Meredith Broussard says this is not true.
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์šฐ์›”์ฃผ์˜์™€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Meredith Broussard๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:02
She argues that computers are not objective.ย  They are proxies for the people that make them.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:09
You might know the word proxy when youย  are using your computer in one countryย ย 
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ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
21:13
and want to look at something that isย  only available in a different country.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ํ”„๋ก์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:16
You can use a piece of softwareย  called a proxy to do that.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”„๋ก์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:20
But a proxy is also a person or a thing thatย  carries out your wishes and your instructionsย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:26
for you. So computers are only as smart or asย  objective as the people that programme them.ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒํผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:34
Computers are proxies for their programmers.ย  Broussard says that believing too much inย ย 
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋จธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋ก์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Broussard๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉด
21:40
Artificial Intelligence can make theย  world worse. Letโ€™s hear a bit more.ย ย 
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ž.
21:45
This time find out what serious problems inย  society does she think may be reflected in AI?
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ AI์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
21:54
Itโ€™s a nuanced problem. What weย  have is data on the world as it isย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ด๊ณ 
21:59
and we have serious problems withย  racism, sexism, classism, ageism,ย ย 
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„, ์„ฑ ์ฐจ๋ณ„, ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์ฐจ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
22:04
in the world right now so there is no such thingย  as perfect data. We also have a problem inside theย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:11
tech world where the creators of algorithms doย  not have sufficient awareness of social issuesย ย 
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์ œ์ž‘์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ
22:20
such that they can make good technology thatย  gets us closer to a world as it should be.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
She said that society has problems withย  racism, sexism, classism and ageism.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„, ์„ฑ ์ฐจ๋ณ„, ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์ฐจ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น ์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:33
And she says itโ€™s a nuanced problem. A nuancedย  problem is not simple, but it does have smallย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ
22:40
and important areas which may be hardย  to spot, but they need to be considered.
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์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:45
And she also talked about algorithms usedย  to program these technological systems.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:50
An algorithm is a set of instructionsย  that computers use to perform their tasks.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:55
Essentially itโ€™s the rules that they useย  to come up with their answers and Broussardย ย 
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด๋ฉฐ Broussard๋Š”
23:00
believes that technology will reflect theย  views of those who create the algorithms.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:04
Next time you're using a piece of software or yourย  favourite app you might find yourself wondering ifย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
23:10
it's a useful tool or does it contain these littleย  nuances that reflect the views of the developer.
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์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋‰˜์•™์Šค๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
Right, Catherine. How about theย  answer to this week's question then?
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๋งž์•„, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”? '์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ'์ด๋ผ๋Š”
23:20
I asked in which decade was the termย  'Artificial Intelligence' coined.ย ย 
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์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ 10๋…„์ด ์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:24
Was it the 40s, the 50s or the 60s?
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40๋…„๋Œ€์˜€๋‚˜, 50๋…„๋Œ€์˜€๋‚˜, 60๋…„๋Œ€์˜€๋‚˜?
23:27
And I said the 60s.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” 60๋…„๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
23:28
But it was actually the 1950s. Never mind,ย  Rob. Letโ€™s review todayโ€™s vocabulary.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค 1950๋…„๋Œ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ๋กญ. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
23:34
Well, we had a chauvinist โ€“ that'sย  someone who believes their country,ย ย 
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์Œ, ์šฐ์›”์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€,
23:39
race or sex is better than any others.
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์ธ์ข… ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:41
And this gives us technochauvinism,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
23:44
the belief that a technological solutionย  is always a better solution to a problem.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‡ผ๋น„๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:49
Next - someone or something that isย  objective is neutral, fair and balanced.
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๋‹ค์Œ - ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์€ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:55
A proxy is a piece of software but also someoneย  who does something for you, on your behalf.ย ย 
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ํ”„๋ก์‹œ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:01
A nuanced problem is a subtle one, itโ€™sย  not a simple case of right or wrong,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜ณ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:07
in a nuanced problem there are small butย  important things that you need to consider.
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—๋Š” ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:12
And an algorithm is a set of softwareย  instructions for a computer system.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ช…๋ น์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:17
Well, thatโ€™s all we have timeย  for today. Goodbye for now.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
24:20
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
24:28
Hello, welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Rob.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” 6๋ถ„์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:31
And I'm Catherine.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:32
So, Catherine, how long doย  you spend on your smartphone?
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์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
24:36
My smartphone? Not that longย  really, only about 18 or 19 hours.
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๋‚ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•ฝ 18์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ 19์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:42
No, sorry, I meant in a day, not in a week.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:45
Er, that's what I meant too, Rob โ€“ a day.
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์–ด, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด, Rob โ€“ ํ•˜๋ฃจ.
24:48
Oh wow, so youโ€™ve even got it right hereโ€ฆ
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์˜ค ์™€์šฐ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ตฐ์š”โ€ฆ
24:51
โ€ฆyep, got it now, Rob. Yes, I shouldย  tell you that I suffer from FOMO.
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์˜ˆ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ FOMO๋ฅผ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:56
FOMO?
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ํฌ๋ชจ?
24:57
FOMO - Fear of Missing Out. Something cool orย  interesting might be happening somewhere, Rob,ย ย 
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FOMO - ๋†“์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€. ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”, Rob, ์ €๋Š”
25:03
and I want to be sure I catch it,ย  so I have to keep checking my phone,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์žก์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”
25:07
to make sure, you know, Iย  donโ€™t miss out on anything.
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.
25:10
So we could call you a phubberโ€ฆ Helloโ€ฆ I said,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ phubber๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”โ€ฆ
25:15
so youโ€™re a phubber? Someone who ignores otherย  people because youโ€™d rather look at your phone.
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:21
Oh, yeah, that's right.
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์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋งž์•„. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—
25:22
It sounds like you have a bit of a problemย  there, Catherine. But youโ€™re not the only one.ย ย 
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค , Catherine. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:28
According to one recent survey, half of teenagersย  in the USA feel like they are addicted to theirย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ์— ์ค‘๋…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:33
mobile phones. If you are addicted to something,ย  you have a physical or mental need to keep onย ย 
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. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์ค‘๋…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:39
doing it. You canโ€™t stop doing it. You often hearย  about people being addicted to drugs or alcohol,ย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์•ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์— ์ค‘๋…๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
25:45
but you can be addicted to other things too,ย  like mobile phones. So, Catherine, do youย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ์ค‘๋…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ,
25:51
think youโ€™re addicted to your phone? How longย  could you go without it? Catherine? Catherine!
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์— ์ค‘๋…๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ? ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ!
25:58
Sorry, Rob, yes, well I thinkย  if I went more than a minute,ย ย 
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋กญ, ๋„ค, ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ 1๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
26:02
I'd probably get sort of sweaty palms andย  I think I'd start feeling a bit panicky.
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์•„๋งˆ ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋•€์ด ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํŒจ๋‹‰์— ๋น ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
26:06
Oh dear! Well, if I canย  distract you for a few minutes,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฐ! ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
26:11
can we look at this topic in more detailย  please? Let's start with a quiz questionย ย 
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š” ? ๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:15
first though. In what year did the termย  โ€˜smartphoneโ€™ first appear in print? Was it:
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. '์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ธ์‡„๋œ ์—ฐ๋„๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
26:21
a) 1995ย 
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a) 1995
26:22
b) 2000 c) 2005
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b) 2000 c) 2005
26:26
What do you think?
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26:26
OK, you've got my full attentionย  now, Rob, and I think itโ€™s 2000,ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Rob, ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด 2000๋…„์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:30
but actually can I just have a quickย  look on my phone to check the answer?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž ๊น ์‚ดํŽด๋ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
26:33
No, no, that would be cheating โ€“ forย  you โ€“ maybe not for the listeners.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถ€์ • ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” โ€“ ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:37
Spoilsport.
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์Šคํฌ์ผ์Šคํฌ์ธ .
26:39
Right, Jean Twenge is a psychologist whoย  has written about the damage she feelsย ย 
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jean Twenge๋Š”
26:44
smartphones are doing to society. She hasย  written that smartphones have probably ledย ย 
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ด ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„
26:50
to an increase in mental health problems forย  teenagers. Weโ€™re going to hear from her now,ย ย 
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์˜ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:55
speaking to the BBC. What does she say isย  one of the dangers of using our phones?
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BBC์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
27:00
I think everybodyโ€™s had that experienceย  of reading their news feed too much,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹  ์˜ ๋‰ด์Šค ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์ฝ๊ณ ,
27:05
compulsively checking your phone if youโ€™reย  waiting for a text or getting really intoย ย 
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๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ
27:10
social media then kind of, looking upย  and realising that an hour has passed.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:16
So what danger does she mention?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
27:19
Well, she said that we can get so involved inย  our phones that we donโ€™t notice the time passingย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:24
and when we finally look up, weย  realise that maybe an hour has gone.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ˜๋ €๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:29
And I must say, I find that to be true for me,ย  especially when I'm watching videos online. Theyย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ 
27:34
pull you in with more and more videos and Iโ€™veย  spent ages just getting lost in video after video.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์˜€๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ๋น ์ ธ ํ—ค๋งค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋žœ ์„ธ์›”์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:39
Well that's not a problem ifย  you're looking at our YouTube site,ย ย 
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YouTube ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:42
of course - there's lots to see there.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:43
Yes, BBC Learning English, no problem.ย  You can watch as many as you like.
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์˜ˆ, BBC Learning English, ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๋งŒํผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:47
Well, she talks about checking our phonesย  compulsively. If you do something compulsively youย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด
27:53
canโ€™t really control it - itโ€™s a feature of beingย  addicted to something, you feel you have to do itย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์ค‘๋…๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:58
again and again. Some tech companies, though, areย  now looking at building in timers to apps whichย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์•ฑ์—
28:04
will warn us when we have spent too long on them.ย  Does Jean Twenge think this will be a good idea?
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ์•ฑ์— ๋‚ด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jean Twenge๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
28:10
It might mean that people lookย  at social media less frequentlyย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
28:14
and that they do what it really should be usedย  for, which is to keep in touch with people butย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:20
then put it away and go see some of thoseย  people in person or give them a phone call.
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๋ถ€๋ฅด๋‹ค.
28:25
So, does she think itโ€™s a good idea?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
28:28
Well, she doesnโ€™t say so directly, but weย  can guess from her answer that she does,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:33
because she says these timers will make peopleย  spend more time in face-to-face interaction,ย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํƒ€์ด๋จธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ฉด ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:39
which a lot of people think would be a good thing.
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด.
28:41
Yes, she said we should be using it for keeping inย  touch with people - which means contacting people,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ ,
28:48
communicating with them and also encouragingย  us to do that communication in person. If youย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง์ ‘ ๊ทธ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:53
do something in person then you physically do it โ€“ย  you go somewhere yourself or see someone yourself,ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์ ‘ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด
28:59
you donโ€™t do it online or through your smartphone,ย  which nicely brings us back to our quiz question.ย ย 
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:05
When was the term smartphone first used in printย  - 1995, 2000 or 2005? What did you say, Catherine?
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1995๋…„, 2000๋…„ ๋˜๋Š” 2005๋…„ ์ค‘ ์–ธ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‡„๋ฌผ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ? ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์ง€
29:13
I think I said 2005, withoutย  looking it up on my phone, Rob!
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์•Š๊ณ  2005๋…„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š” , Rob!
29:18
That's good to know, but maybe looking at yourย  phone would have helped because the answer wasย ย 
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์•Œ์•„๋‘๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ต์ด 1995๋…„์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:22
1995. But well done to anybody who did know that.
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.
29:26
Or well done to anyone who looked it upย  on their phone and got the right answer.
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๋˜๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:29
Mmm, right, before logging offย  letโ€™s review todayโ€™s vocabulary.
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์Œ, ๋กœ๊ทธ์˜คํ”„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
29:33
OK, we had FOMO, an acronym that means 'Fear ofย  Missing Out'. Something that I get quite a lot.
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์ข‹์•„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋ˆ„๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์–ด์ธ FOMO๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
29:40
And that makes you also a phubber - peopleย  who ignore the real people around themย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ํ‘ธ๋ฒ„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
29:44
because they are concentrating on their phones.
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:47
Yes, I do think Iโ€™m probablyย  addicted to my phone. I have aย ย 
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๋„ค, ์•„๋งˆ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์— ์ค‘๋…๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ
29:50
psychological and physical need toย  have it. My smartphone is my drug.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ , ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์€ ๋‚ด ์•ฝ์ด๋‹ค.
29:55
Wow, and you look at it compulsively.ย  You canโ€™t stop looking at it,ย ย 
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์™€์šฐ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
29:58
you do it again and again, don't you?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
30:00
It's sadly true, Rob. Toย  keep in touch with someoneย ย 
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์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์•ผ, ๋กญ. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
30:03
is to contact them and share your news regularly.
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๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:07
And if you do that yourselfย  by actually meeting them,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ
30:10
then you are doing it in person. And thatย  brings us to the end of todayโ€™s programme.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:14
Donโ€™t forget you can find us on the usualย  social media platforms โ€“ Facebook, Twitter,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ(Facebook, Twitter,
30:19
Instagram and YouTube - and on our websiteย  at bbclearningenglish.com. Bye for now.
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Instagram ๋ฐ YouTube)๊ณผ ๋‹น์‚ฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ( bbclearningenglish.com)์—์„œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
30:25
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
30:33
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:37
And Iโ€™m Georgina.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:38
Now, Georgina, what do you know about AC DC?
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์ž, Georgina, AC DC์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
30:42
You mean the Australian rockโ€™nโ€™roll band?ย ย 
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋กœํฐ๋กค ๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
30:45
Well, their 1979 hit โ€˜Highway toย  Hellโ€™ stayed at No.1 for eleven weeksโ€ฆ
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ 1979๋…„ ํžˆํŠธ์ž‘ 'Highway to Hell'์€ 11์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ 1์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
30:51
No, no, no - not that AC DC, Georgina!ย  Iโ€™m not talking rock music here,ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ - ๊ทธ AC DC๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Georgina! ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ก ์Œ์•…์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:56
Iโ€™m talking electrical currentsย  โ€“ alternating current - AC,ย ย 
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์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋Š” AC
31:00
and direct current - DC, the twoย  ways in which electricity flows.
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์ด๊ณ , ์ง๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:05
Oh, I see. No, I donโ€™t knowย  anything about that ACDC!
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ACDC์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
31:10
Well, donโ€™t worry because inย  todayโ€™s programme weโ€™ll beย ย 
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์Œ, ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์—
31:12
finding out some quirky facts aboutย  electricity - how it differs acrossย ย 
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๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ฆ‰ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€,
31:17
the world and why some countries have moreย  complicated electrical systems than others.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:22
Hmmm, I have noticed that when Iย  travel to another country I need aย ย 
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ํ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ
31:26
converter plug to connect my laptop.ย  Is that something to do with AC DC?
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๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AC DC์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
31:32
Yes, it could be. Of course, electricityย  itself doesnโ€™t change from country to country.
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:37
No. Itโ€™s an invisible, natural forceย  at work in everything from lightningย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ
31:41
storms to the electrical sparks firing our brains.
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ํญํ’์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์ ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:44
But although it happens naturally, one scientistย  was credited with discovering electricity.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ณต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:50
Who? Thatโ€™s my quiz question โ€“ whoย  discovered electricity? Was it:ย 
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WHO? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€:
31:55
a) Thomas Edisonย 
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a) Thomas Edison
31:57
b) Alexander Graham Bell, or c) Benjamin Franklin
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b) Alexander Graham Bell, ๋˜๋Š” c) Benjamin Franklin
32:02
Iโ€™m not a qualified electrician myself,ย  Neil, but Iโ€™ll say c) Benjamin Franklin.
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์ €๋„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ Neil, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ c) Benjamin Franklin์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:07
OK. Well one person who definitely is a qualifiedย  electrician is BBC presenter Gareth Mitchell. Soย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋Š” BBC ์ง„ํ–‰์ž Gareth Mitchell์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
32:14
when BBC Radio 4โ€™s โ€˜Science Storiesโ€™ sentย  him to meet electricity expert Keith Bell,ย ย 
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BBC Radio 4์˜ 'Science Stories'์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ Keith Bell์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์„ ๋•Œ
32:20
the conversation was, shall we say, sparky.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:24
Standard frequency in the US is 60 hertz,ย  actually I think in the US on the mainlandย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 60ํ—ค๋ฅด์ธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณธํ† ์˜
32:28
US, main continent, there areย  three different synchronous areas.ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:32
So although itโ€™s around 60 hertz, at any moment inย  time these three different areas, because theyโ€™reย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ฝ 60Hz์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์„ธ ์˜์—ญ์€
32:36
not connected to each other, will be going at aย  slightly different frequency. There are biggerย ย 
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์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:40
differences elsewhere. So in Japan for example, Iย  think one of the main islands is at 60 hertz andย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์„ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ 60Hz์ด๊ณ 
32:46
the other half of Japan is at 50 hertz. Thatโ€™s a bit of a pickle!
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์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด 50Hz๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”ผํด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
32:51
Generally speaking, frequencyย  means how often something repeats.ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:55
In the case of electrical currents, frequency isย ย 
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์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์—์„œ
32:58
the number of times an electrical waveย  repeats a positive-to-negative cycle.
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์Œ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํšŸ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:03
Itโ€™s measured in hertz (Hz). In the US power isย  at 60 hertz and in the UK itโ€™s around 50 hertz.
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ํ—ค๋ฅด์ธ (Hz) ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „๋ ฅ์€ 60Hz์ด๊ณ  ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 50Hz์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:11
So the US and UK are not in the same synchronousย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๊ธฐ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
33:14
area โ€“ not occurring together at the sameย  time and rate, or in this case, frequency.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์†๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:20
Which means that to safely use aย  British electrical device in America,ย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ์˜๊ตญ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
33:25
I need to convert the power supply. If notย  it wonโ€™t work or even worse, it could break.
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์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๋ฉด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:30
And a broken laptop could leave youย  in a bit of a pickle โ€“ an informalย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚œ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”ผํด์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด
33:35
expression meaning a difficult situation with noย ย 
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์—†๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:38
obvious answer. Hereโ€™s Gareth and Keithย  again talking about more differences.
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. Gareth์™€ Keith๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:44
Iโ€™m pretty sure when I go to the United States,ย  my electric toothbrush doesnโ€™t charge upย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ „๋™ ์นซ์†”์ด
33:51
at 60 hertz - 110 volts, but my laptopย  still works. Maybe you have no comment,ย ย 
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60Hz~110๋ณผํŠธ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:56
Keith, but Iโ€™m just sayingโ€ฆone of theseย  anomalies that I seem to have found.
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Keith, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ
34:00
So, Iโ€™m not sure about the electric toothbrushย  but I know a lot of our power supplies forย ย 
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์ „๋™์นซ์†”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰
34:04
laptops and stuff are solid state, you knowย  - theyโ€™ve got electronics in that do all theย ย 
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์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์†”๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:09
conversion for you, so basically it ends up withย  a DC supply into the machine itself. So thereโ€™sย ย 
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ž์ฒด์— DC ์ „์›์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
34:14
a little converter in there and itโ€™s designed soย  it doesnโ€™t care what frequency the AC input is.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ AC ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ์ƒ๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:21
Gareth noticed that in the Unitedย  States his toothbrush doesnโ€™t alwaysย ย 
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Gareth๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์นซ์†”์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ
34:25
fully charge up โ€“ get theย  power needed to make it work.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ์ „๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
34:29
Electric toothbrushes which donโ€™t fully chargeย  and differences between electrical frequenciesย ย 
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ „๋™ ์นซ์†”๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ
34:34
are good examples of anomalies โ€“ things whichย  are different from what is usual or expected.
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์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:40
But with modern technology theseย  anomalies are becoming less and lessย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ ์  ๋”
34:45
commonplace. For example, computerย  companies have started making laptops withย ย 
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ํ”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
34:50
solid state electronics โ€“ electronics usingย  semiconductors which have no moving partsย ย 
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์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ
34:56
and can automatically convertย  different electrical currents.
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์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ž ์žฅ์น˜์ธ ์†”๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ์ „์ž ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
34:59
Meaning I can use my laptop to googleย  the answer to your quiz question!
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๋‚ด ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ Google์— ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
35:03
Ah, yes. I asked you which scientist was creditedย  with discovering electricity. And you said?
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์•„ ์˜ˆ. ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค?
35:09
c) Benjamin Franklin โ€“ and I already knowย  Iโ€™m right because I googled it on my solidย ย 
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c) ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ โ€“ ๋‚ด ์†”๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
35:14
state laptop! To show that lightning wasย  electricity, Franklin attached a metal keyย ย 
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! ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ์€ ์—ฐ์— ๊ธˆ์† ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ 
35:20
to a kite and flew it during a thunderstorm. Theย  key conducted electricity and gave him a shock!
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๋‡Œ์šฐ ์ค‘์— ์—ฐ์„ ๋‚ ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด์‡ ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
35:26
Hmm, not an experiment I recommend tryingย  at home! Today weโ€™ve been talking aboutย ย 
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์Œ, ์ง‘์—์„œ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ! ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
35:32
anomalies โ€“ or unexpected differences inย  electrical currents between countries.
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์ด์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:38
Electrical currents are measured inย  frequencies โ€“ the number of timesย ย 
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์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, ์ฆ‰
35:42
a wave repeats a positive-to-negative cycle.ย  These can be different if two countries areย ย 
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ํŒŒ๋™์ด ์–‘์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์Œ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
35:47
not synchronous โ€“ occurring at the same rate,ย  for example Britain and the United States.
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๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(๊ฐ™์€ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
35:53
Different frequencies may mean yourย  electrical devices like your laptop,ย ย 
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์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ,
35:58
phone and toothbrush wonโ€™t properly charge up โ€“ย  get the power to function, in other countries.
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”, ์นซ์†”๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
36:04
And having a phone with no power could leave youย  in a bit of a pickle - a difficult situation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์›์ด ์—†๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:09
Fortunately many modern devices useย  solid state electronics โ€“ non-movingย ย 
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ตœ์‹  ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์ธ ๊ณ ์ฒด ์ „์ž ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
36:14
semiconductors inside the machine whichย  automatically convert the electrical current.
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.
36:20
So youโ€™ll never miss anotherย  edition of 6 Minute English again!
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 6 Minute English์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
36:24
Thatโ€™s all for today. See you soon at BBC Learningย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
36:26
English for more interesting topicsย  and related vocabulary. Bye for now!
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๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋Š” BBC Learning English์—์„œ ๊ณง ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
36:34
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
36:39
Hello I'm Rob and this is 6 Minuteย  English โ€“ a programme that brings youย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์ €๋Š” Rob์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6 Minute English โ€“
36:43
an interesting topic, authentic listening practiceย ย 
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ, ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต
36:46
and some vocabulary to help you improve yourย  language skills. Joining me today is Neil.
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, ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ Neil์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:51
Hello. And today we're discussing those pilotlessย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
36:54
aircraft that we seem to be hearingย  and reading a lot about at the moment.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ ์—†๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:58
You mean drones. And yes, they are in theย  news quite often for good and bad reasons.ย ย 
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๋“œ๋ก ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ด์œ ์™€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:04
They've been used for many things from smugglingย  drugs, detecting water leaks and surveillance.
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ๋ฐ€์ˆ˜, ๋ˆ„์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์ง€, ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:09
And surveillance โ€“ that means โ€˜theย  act of carefully watching someone orย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์‹œ โ€“ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ' ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€'๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:14
somethingโ€™ โ€“ perhaps a criminal โ€“ but alsoย  it means spying, maybe on me and you Rob?ย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ผํƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ €์™€ ๋‹น์‹  Rob?
37:19
So should we be welcoming theย  rise of the use of drones?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋“œ๋ก  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
37:23
Well, before our discussionย  about that 'takes off',ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ '์‹œ์ž‘'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—,
37:25
we need to set today's questionย  for you to answer, Neil.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
37:29
What are you droning on about Rob? And byย  that I don't mean โ€˜flying a droneโ€™ โ€“ I meanย ย 
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Rob์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋“œ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
37:33
โ€˜talking too much in a very boring wayโ€™!
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'๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
37:36
Thanks Neil. Now just answer this, will you?ย ย 
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๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ ๋‹. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š”?
37:39
Drones are sometimes also referred to asย  UAVs. So, what does UAV stand for? Is itโ€ฆ
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๋“œ๋ก ์€ UAV๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด UAV๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ
37:46
a) Unidentified aerial vehicleย 
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37:50
b) Unmanned aerial vehicle c) Unaided aircraft vehicle
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37:56
Well, I'm going to go forย  b) unmanned aerial vehicle.
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37:59
Ok well, we'll see if you're right laterย  on. Now let's talk more about drones,ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๋“œ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:04
which, apparently, seem to be everywhere now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:08
But are they safe and are theyย  necessary? I've heard about themย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ณตํ•ญ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ
38:12
being a hazard to aircraft becauseย  they've been flown close to airports.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
38:15
Well, figures in 2016 showed that in the UKย  there were 70 near misses involving drones.ย ย 
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์Œ, 2016๋…„ ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋“œ๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์•„์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ 70๊ฑด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:22
And that's more than double the yearย  before. So that is a little worrying.
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์ด๋Š” ์ „๋…„๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:27
Yes. And there's the potentialย  risk of people's privacy beingย ย 
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์˜ˆ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ๋“œ๋ก ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ ์œ„๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์ด ์นจํ•ด๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
38:30
invaded when a drone is flown over theirย  property with a camera attached to it.
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.
38:34
Ah, but those cameras are alsoย  good at capturing some greatย ย 
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์•„, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณต์ค‘ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์บก์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ
38:37
aerial footage โ€“ that's the film recordingย  of the view from the above the ground. Soย ย 
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์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋…นํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
38:42
they're not all bad. And Dr Yoge Patel wouldย  agree. She is CEO of Blue Bear, which suppliesย ย 
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Yoge Patel ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋„ ๋™์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌด์ธ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์™€ ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๋ฒ ์–ด์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
38:49
unmanned planes and drones. Here she is speakingย  about drones on the BBC's Woman's Hour programmeโ€ฆ
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC์˜ ์šฐ๋จผ์Šค ์•„์›Œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ
38:55
They have the potential to be dangerous,ย  agreed. They also have though, on the flip side,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ชจ๋‘
39:00
the ability to be a game changer inย  both domestic use and in military use.ย ย 
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์—์„œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ฒด์ธ์ €๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
39:06
So, some of our drones are being used for aircraftย  inspections. We've put our drones into Fukushima.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“œ๋ก  ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ›„์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ์— ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:12
So there you go Neil. There areย  many useful things drones can do,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“œ๋ก ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
39:16
and Dr Patel said they have theย  ability to be a game changer.
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Patel ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋“œ๋ก ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ฒด์ธ์ €๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:20
And by that you mean โ€˜something that completelyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '
39:22
changes the way somethingย  is done or thought aboutโ€™.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:25
Yes. Her company has used drones toย  inspect the inside of the damagedย ย 
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์˜ˆ. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์†์ƒ๋œ
39:29
Fukushima nuclear power station in Japan.ย  And another example of drones being a gameย ย 
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์ผ๋ณธ ํ›„์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ฒด์ธ์ €๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋“œ๋ก ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
39:34
changer is UNICEF and the Malawian governmentย  testing drones for carrying medical supplies.ย ย 
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์œ ๋‹ˆ์„ธํ”„์™€ ๋ง๋ผ์œ„ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:40
This could help save lives in remote places. And I have read that in Australia,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋”ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š”
39:45
lifeguards are using drones to help rescueย  swimmers who get in trouble in the sea.
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์ธ๋ช… ๊ตฌ์กฐ์›์ด ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:49
And have you heard about a Japanese firm that'sย  planning to use a drone to force employeesย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์ €๋…์— ์ž”์—…์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
39:54
out of their offices by playing music atย  them if they stay to work evening overtime.
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์Œ์•…์„ ํ‹€์–ด ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ธ ์ผ๋ณธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
40:00
I haven't, but you've convinced me โ€“ it seemsย  like the sky's the limit for the uses of drones!ย ย 
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์•ˆ ํ•ด๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“œ๋ก  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ถ๋ฌด์ง„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
40:05
I mean there's no limit to what they can do. But Iย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์—๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š”
40:08
am a little concerned about howย  they are regulated or controlled.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:11
Well Dr Yoge Patel saysย  because the technology is new,ย ย 
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Yoge Patel ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
40:15
regulations โ€“ or legal controlsย  - are developing all the timeโ€ฆ
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๊ทœ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ
40:20
As technology progresses, regulationย  and operational use needs to then beย ย 
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40:25
harmonised with it. And we are, as a community,ย  going through that whole process of sayingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋กœ์„œ
40:30
what is proportionate and appropriateย  regulation to go with different uses of drones.
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๋“œ๋ก ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:36
So she talked about regulations beingย  harmonised as technology progresses.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
40:41
So I think she means โ€˜making regulationsย  suitable and appropriate for what the dronesย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ '๋“œ๋ก ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
40:46
are being used forโ€™. So they need some control,ย  but not so they can't be useful and effective.
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:51
Like flying drones to stop you working late!ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰ ๋“œ๋ก ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ!
40:54
Now Rob, I'm dying to know whatย  the other name for a drone is.
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์ด์ œ Rob, ๋“œ๋ก ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ์ฃฝ์„ ์ง€๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:57
OK, let me tell you. So earlier Iย  asked what does UAV stand for? Was itโ€ฆ
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ž์„œ UAV๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ
41:02
a) Unidentified aerial vehicleย 
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41:05
b) Unmanned aerial vehicle c) Unaided aircraft vehicle
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41:11
And I said b) โ€“ was that correct?
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41:13
Yes Neil, you know your drones โ€“ that's correct.ย  Well done. UAVs or drones have been around forย ย 
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์˜ˆ Neil, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”. UAV ๋˜๋Š” ๋“œ๋ก ์€
41:20
quite a while in different forms.ย  It's thought they were first usedย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„
41:24
for providing practice targets forย  training military personnel. OK Neil,ย ย 
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์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค Neil,
41:28
let's quickly go over some of the vocabulary weย  have mentioned today, starting with surveillance.
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๊ฐ์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:34
"The police kept the jewellery shopย  under surveillance because they hadย ย 
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"๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€
41:38
a tip-off about a robbery." So that meansย  โ€˜carefully watching someone or something,ย ย 
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๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด์„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
41:42
usually to try to stop something illegalโ€™.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:46
Then we mentioned aerial footage โ€“ย  that's film recording made from the sky.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณต์ค‘ ์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ํ•„๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:50
"The aerial footage on TV of theย  dolphins swimming was spectacular."
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"๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” TV์˜ ๊ณต์ค‘ ์˜์ƒ์€ ์žฅ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
41:55
Yes, drones have been a game changerย  for wildlife programmes on TV.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๋“œ๋ก ์€ TV์˜ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ฒด์ธ์ €์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:59
That means โ€˜something that completely changesย  the way something is done or thought aboutโ€™.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ' ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:04
We also mentioned the phrase 'the sky'sย  the limit', meaning โ€˜there's no limitย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ '์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค'๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ 'the sky's the limit'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:08
to somethingโ€™. "The sky is the limit to whatย  professional footballers can earn these days."
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. " ์š”์ฆ˜ ํ”„๋กœ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ถ๋ฌด์ง„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
42:13
Then we discussed harmonised โ€“ that describesย  two things being suitable for each other toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์กฐํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ
42:17
allow them to work properly. "The garden has beenย  designed to harmonise with the natural landscape."
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ •์›์€ ์ž์—ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
42:24
Very useful vocabulary, Neil. But let'sย  stop droning on โ€“ and that means โ€˜talkingย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜, ๋‹. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์›…์–ผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง์ž. ์ฆ‰, '
42:29
too much in a boring wayโ€™ - and remindย  everyone to check out our You Tube,ย ย 
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์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ You Tube,
42:33
Facebook, Twitter and Instagramย  pages โ€“ and of course, our websiteย ย 
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Facebook, Twitter ๋ฐ Instagram ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์™€ ๋ฌผ๋ก 
42:37
at bbclearningenglish.com.ย  See you next time. Goodbye.
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bbclearningenglish.com์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ณด์ž. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
42:40
Goodbye
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์•ˆ๋…•
42:49
Hello. This is 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•. 6๋ถ„์˜์–ด ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:51
And I'm Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:52
Itโ€™s good to see you again, Sam.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›Œ์š”, ์ƒ˜.
42:54
Really?
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์ •๋ง?
42:55
Yes, of course, canโ€™t youย  tell by the way Iโ€™m smiling?
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๋„ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‚˜์š”?
42:58
Ah well, I find it difficult to tell if someoneย  is really smiling or if itโ€™s a fake smile.
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์•„, ์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์›ƒ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋„ค์š”.
43:04
Well, thatโ€™s a coincidence because todayโ€™sย  programme is all about how computers mayย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์งœ
43:09
be able tell real smiles from fake smiles betterย  than humans can. Before we get in to that though,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ์†Œ์™€ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ์—ฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์—
43:15
a question. The expressions we can makeย  with our face are controlled by muscles.ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๊ตด๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ •์€ ๊ทผ์œก์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:20
How many muscles do we have in our face? Is it:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ผ๊ตด์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
43:23
A: 26ย 
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A: 26
43:25
B: 43 C: 62
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B: 43 C: 62
43:28
What do you think, Sam?
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์ƒ˜, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
43:29
No idea! But a lot, Iโ€™dย  guess, so Iโ€™m going with 62.
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๋ชฐ๋ผ! ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 62๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:34
OK. Well, weโ€™ll see if youโ€™ll be smiling orย  crying later in the programme. Hassan Ugail is aย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์›ƒ์„์ง€ ์šธ์„์ง€ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Hassan Ugail์€
43:40
professor of visual computing at the University ofย  Bradford. Heโ€™s been working on getting computersย ย 
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University of Bradford์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •
43:45
to be able to recognise human emotions from theย  expressions on our face. Here he is speaking onย ย 
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์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š”
43:52
the BBC Inside Science radio programme โ€“ย  how successful does he say they have been?
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BBC Inside Science ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
43:57
We've been working quite a lot onย  the human emotions, so the idea isย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋Š”
44:01
how the facial muscle movement,ย  which is reflected on the face,ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทผ์œก ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
44:06
through obviously a computer through videoย  frames and trying to understand how theseย ย 
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
44:10
muscle movements actually relate to facialย  expressions and then from facial expressionsย ย 
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๊ทผ์œก ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •์—์„œ
44:15
trying to understand the emotions or to infer theย  emotions. And they have been quite successful inย ย 
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฝค ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:20
doing that. We have software that can actuallyย  look at somebody's face in real time and thenย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ 
44:26
identify the series of emotions thatย  person is expressing in real time as well.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:32
So, have they been successful inย  getting computers to identify emotions?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
44:37
Yes, he says theyโ€™ve been quite successful,ย  and whatโ€™s interesting is that he says thatย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฝค ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
44:42
the computers can do it in real time. This meansย  that thereโ€™s no delay. They donโ€™t have to stop andย ย 
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ฐ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„œ
44:49
analyse the data, or crunch the numbers,ย  they can do it as the person is talking.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:55
The system uses video to analyse a personโ€™sย  expressions and can then infer the emotions.ย ย 
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:01
To infer something means to get an understandingย  of something without actually being told directly.ย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:06
So, you look at available information and use yourย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
45:09
understanding and knowledgeย  to work out the meaning.
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์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ง€์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:12
Itโ€™s a bit like being a detective,ย  isnโ€™t it? You look at the cluesย ย 
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ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
45:16
and infer what happened even ifย  you donโ€™t have all the details.
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์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
45:20
Yes, and in this case the computer looksย  at how the movement of muscles in the faceย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„
45:24
or facial muscles, show differentย  emotions. Hereโ€™s Professor Ugail again.
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๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทผ์œก์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ Ugail ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:29
We've been working quite a lot on the humanย  emotions so the idea is how the facial muscleย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
45:35
movement, which is reflected on the face,ย  through obviously a computer through videoย ย 
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์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„
45:39
frames and trying to understand how these muscleย  movements actually relate to facial expressionsย ย 
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๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๊ตด ํ‘œ์ •๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:45
and then from facial expressions trying toย  understand the emotions or to infer the emotions.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ‘œ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:50
And they have been quite successful in doingย  that. We have software that can actuallyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฝค ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
45:55
look at somebody's face in real time and thenย  identify the series of emotions that person isย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:01
expressing in real time as well. So, how do the computers knowย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š”
46:06
what is a real or a fake smile? Theย  computers have to learn that first.ย ย 
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์ง„์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:11
Hereโ€™s Professor Ugail againย  talking about how they do that.
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Ugail ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:15
We have a data set of real smiles andย  we have a data set of fake smiles.ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ฏธ์†Œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:19
These real smiles are induced smiles in a lab.ย  So, you put somebody on a chair and then showย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜์ž์— ์•‰ํžŒ ๋‹ค์Œ
46:24
some funny movies and we expectย  the smiles are genuine smiles.ย ย 
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:29
And similarly we ask them to pretend to smile.ย  So, these are what you'd call fake smiles. So,ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ๋Š” ์ฒ™์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
46:34
what we do is we throw these into the machineย  and then the machine figures out what are theย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
46:39
characteristics of a real smile and whatย  are the characteristics of a fake smile.
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์ง„์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:44
So, how do they get the data thatย  the computers use to see if yourย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜
46:48
smile is fake or genuine โ€“ whichย  is another word which means real?
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๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งœ์ธ์ง€ ์ง„์งœ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์งœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
46:52
They induce real smiles in the lab by showingย  people funny films. This means that they makeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:59
the smiles come naturally. They assume that theย  smiles while watching the funny films are genuine.
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์งœ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:05
And then they ask the people to pretend toย  smile and the computer programme now has aย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ๋Š” ์ฒ™์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ด์ œ
47:09
database of real and fake smiles andย  is able to figure out which is which.ย 
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์ง„์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฏธ์†Œ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:14
Figure out means to calculateย  and come to an answer
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์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ต์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:18
Yes, and apparently the systemย  gets it right 90% of the time,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ 90%๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉฐ,
47:21
which is much higher than we humans can. Right,ย  well before we remind ourselves of our vocabulary,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „์—
47:27
letโ€™s get the answer to the question. Howย  many muscles do we have in our face? Is it:
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๊ตด์—๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทผ์œก์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
47:32
A: 26ย 
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A: 26
47:33
B: 43 C: 62
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B: 43 C: 62
47:36
Sam, are you going to beย  smiling? What did you say?
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์ƒ˜, ์›ƒ์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
47:39
So I thought 62! Am I smiling, Neil?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” 62๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ˆ, ๋‹?
47:42
Sadly you are not, you are using differentย  muscles for that sort of sad look!ย ย 
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์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
47:48
Actually the answer is 43. Congratulations toย  anyone who got that right. Now our vocabulary.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ 43๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋งžํžŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜.
47:54
Yes โ€“ facial is the adjective relating to face.
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์˜ˆ โ€“ ์–ผ๊ตด์€ ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:58
Then we had infer. This verbย  means to understand somethingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ถ”๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
48:02
even when you donโ€™t have all the information,ย  and you come to this understanding basedย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋ฉฐ,
48:06
on your experience and knowledge, or inย  the case of a computer, the programming.
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๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ง€์‹, ๋˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:11
And these computers work in real time,ย  which means that thereโ€™s no delayย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€์—ฐ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
48:16
and they can tell a fake smile from a genuine one,ย  which means a real one, as the person is speaking.
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๊ฐ€์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์™€ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
48:22
They made people smile, or as the Professorย  said, they induced smiles by showing funny films.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์›ƒ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:28
And the computer is able to figure out orย  calculate whether the smile is fake or genuine.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งœ์ธ์ง€ ์ง„์งœ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:34
OK, thank you, Sam. Thatโ€™s allย  from 6 Minute English today.ย ย 
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๋„ค, ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”, ์ƒ˜. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:37
We look forward to your company nextย  time and if you canโ€™t wait you can findย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
48:40
lots more from bbclearningenglish online,ย  on social media and on our app. Goodbye!
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ, ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋ฐ ์•ฑ์—์„œ bbclearningenglish์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
48:48
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
48:53
Welcome to 6 Minute English, where weย  bring you an intelligent topic and sixย ย 
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6 Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ 6๊ฐœ์˜
48:57
related items of vocabulary. Iโ€™m Neil.
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๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:00
And Iโ€™m Tim. And today weโ€™re talkingย  about AI โ€“ or Artificial Intelligence.
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์ €๋Š” ํŒ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” AI ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:06
Artificial Intelligence is the abilityย  of machines to copy human intelligentย ย 
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์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ
49:11
behaviour โ€“ for example, an intelligentย  machine can learn from its own mistakes,ย ย 
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•™์Šต
49:15
and make decisions based onย  whatโ€™s happened in the past.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
49:19
Thereโ€™s a lot of talk about AI these days, Neil,ย  but itโ€™s still just science fiction, isnโ€™t it?
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Neil, ์š”์ฆ˜ AI์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์†Œ์„ค์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
49:24
Thatโ€™s not true โ€“ AI is everywhere.ย  Machine thinking is in our homes,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. AI๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จธ์‹  ์”ฝํ‚น์€ ๊ฐ€์ •,
49:29
offices, schools and hospitals. Computerย  algorithms are helping us drive our cars.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค, ํ•™๊ต, ๋ณ‘์›์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:35
Theyโ€™re diagnosing whatโ€™sย  wrong with us in hospitals.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:38
Theyโ€™re marking student essaysโ€ฆ Theyโ€™reย  telling us what to read on our smartphonesโ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์ƒ ์—์„ธ์ด์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์—์„œ ์ฝ์„ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
49:42
Well, that really does sound like science fictionย  โ€“ but itโ€™s happening already, you say, Neil?
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์ •๋ง ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹?
49:48
Itโ€™s definitely happening, Tim. And an algorithm,ย  by the way, is a set of steps a computer followsย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”, ํŒ€. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€
49:54
in order to solve a problem. So can you tellย  me what was the name of the computer whichย ย 
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:59
famously beat world chess champion Garryย  Kasparov using algorithms in 1997? Was itโ€ฆย 
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1997๋…„์— ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฒด์Šค ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ Garry Kasparov๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ
50:06
a) Hal,ย 
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a) Hal,
50:07
b) Alpha 60 or c) Deep Blue?
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b) Alpha 60 ๋˜๋Š” c) Deep Blue์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
50:11
Iโ€™ll say Deep Blue. Although Iโ€™m just guessing.
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๋”ฅ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ.
50:15
Was it an educated guess, Tim?
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๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์€ ์ถ”์ธก ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ํŒ€?
50:16
I know a bit about chessโ€ฆ
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
50:18
An educated guess is based on knowledge andย  experience and is therefore likely to be correct.ย ย 
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๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์€ ์ถ”์ธก์€ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:24
Well, weโ€™ll find out later on howย  educated your guess was in this case, Tim!
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์Œ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํŒ€!
50:28
Indeed. But getting back to AI andย  what machines can do โ€“ are theyย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ AI๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
50:33
any good at solving real-life problems?ย  Computers think in zeros and ones donโ€™tย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” 0๊ณผ 1๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
50:39
they? That sounds like a pretty limitedย  language when it comes to life experience!
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? ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์–ธ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
50:43
You would be surprised to whatย  those zeroes and ones can do, Tim.ย ย 
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0๊ณผ 1์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ž„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํŒ€.
50:47
Although youโ€™re right that AI doesย  have its limitations at the moment.ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ AI์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:51
And if something has limitations thereโ€™s aย  limit on what it can do or how good it can be.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:56
OK โ€“ well now might be a good time to listenย  to Zoubin Bharhramani, Professor of Informationย ย 
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์ž, ์ด์ œ
51:02
Engineering at the University of Cambridgeย  and deputy director of the Leverhulme Centreย ย 
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์ผ€์ž„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณตํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ด์ž Leverhulme Center
51:07
for the Future of Intelligence. Heโ€™s talkingย  about what limitations AI has at the moment.
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for the Future of Intelligence์˜ ๋ถ€๊ตญ์žฅ์ธ Zoubin Bharhramani์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ AI์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:15
I think itโ€™s very interesting how many of theย  things that we take for granted โ€“ we humans takeย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด โ€“ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด
51:21
for granted โ€“ as being sort of things we donโ€™tย  even think about like how do we walk, how do weย ย 
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”์ง€ โ€“ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
51:26
reach, how do we recognize our mother. You know,ย  all these things. When you start to think howย ย 
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๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:33
to implement them on a computer, you realize thatย  itโ€™s those things that are incredibly difficult toย ย 
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ 
51:41
get computers to do, and thatโ€™s whereย  the current cutting edge of research is.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:48
If we take something for granted weย  donโ€™t realise how important something is.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:52
You sometimes take me for granted, I think, Neil.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”, ๋‹.
51:55
No โ€“ I never take you for granted,ย  Tim! Youโ€™re far too important for that!
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š” โ€“ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํŒ€! ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
52:00
Good to hear! So things we take for grantedย  are doing every day tasks like walking,ย ย 
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์ž˜ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ,
52:06
picking something up, or recognizing somebody.ย  We implement โ€“ or perform โ€“ these things withoutย ย 
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด ์ค๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ ์—†์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
52:13
thinking โ€“ Whereas itโ€™s cutting edge researchย  to try and program a machine to do them.
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. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:19
Cutting edge means very new andย  advanced. Itโ€™s interesting isn't it,ย ย 
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์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ์ด๋ž€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:23
that over ten years ago a computerย  beat a chess grand master โ€“ but theย ย 
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10๋…„ ์ „์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์Šค ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
52:27
same computer would find it incrediblyย  difficult to pick up a chess piece.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์Šค ๋ง์„ ์ง‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:31
I know. Itโ€™s very strange. But now youโ€™ve remindedย  me that we need the answer to todayโ€™s question.
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์•Œ์•„์š”. ๋งค์šฐ ์ด์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:37
Which was: What was the name of theย  computer which famously beat world chessย ย 
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52:41
champion Garry Kasparov in 1997? Now, you saidย  Deep Blue, Tim, and โ€ฆ that was the right answer!
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1997๋…„์— ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฒด์Šค ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ Garry Kasparov๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ Deep Blue, Tim, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  โ€ฆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
52:48
You see, my educated guess wasย  based on knowledge and experience!
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๋‚ด ์ถ”์ธก์€ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
52:53
Or maybe you were just lucky. So, the IBMย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ IBM
52:57
supercomputer Deep Blue played against USย  world chess champion Garry Kasparov in twoย ย 
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์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ Deep Blue๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฒด์Šค ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ธ Garry Kasparov์™€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜
53:02
chess matches. The first match was played inย  Philadelphia in 1996 and was won by Kasparov.ย ย 
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์ฒด์Šค ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” 1996๋…„ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ์—ด๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉฐ Kasparov๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:08
The second was played in New York City in 1997ย  and won by Deep Blue. The 1997 match was theย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” 1997๋…„ ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ์—ด๋ ธ ์œผ๋ฉฐ Deep Blue๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1997๋…„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ† ๋„ˆ๋จผํŠธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด
53:15
first defeat of a reigning world chess championย  by a computer under tournament conditions.
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๊ตฐ๋ฆผํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฒด์Šค ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒจ๋ฐฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด
53:20
Letโ€™s go through the words weย  learned today. First up wasย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
53:24
โ€˜artificial intelligenceโ€™ or AI โ€“ the abilityย  of machines to copy human intelligent behaviour.
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'์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ' ๋˜๋Š” AI, ์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:31
โ€œThere are AI programs that can write poetry.โ€
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โ€œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” AI ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€
53:34
Do you have any examples you can recite?
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์•”์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
53:37
Afraid I donโ€™t! Number two โ€“ an algorithm isย  a set of steps a computer follows in order toย ย 
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๋‘๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์•„! ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ โ€“ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
53:42
solve a problem. For example, โ€œGoogle changes itsย  search algorithm hundreds of times every year.โ€
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 'Google์€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
53:48
The adjective is algorithmic โ€“ for example,ย  โ€œGoogle has made many algorithmic changes.โ€
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 'Google์€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
53:55
Number three โ€“ if something has โ€˜limitationsโ€™ย  โ€“ thereโ€™s a limit on what it can do or how goodย ย 
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โ€“ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— '์ œํ•œ'์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ - ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
54:00
it can be. โ€œOur show has certain limitationsย  โ€“ for example, itโ€™s only six minutes long!โ€
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. "์ €ํฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ œํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 6๋ถ„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!"
54:06
Thatโ€™s right โ€“ thereโ€™s only time to presentย  six vocabulary items. Short but sweet!
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งง์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ์ฝค!
54:11
And very intelligent, too.ย  OK, the next item is โ€˜takeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ '
54:15
something for grantedโ€™ โ€“ which is when weย  donโ€™t realise how important something is.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:19
โ€œWe take our smart phones for granted theseย  days โ€“ but before 1995 hardly anyone owned one.โ€
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"์š”์ฆ˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1995๋…„ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
54:26
Number five โ€“ โ€˜to implementโ€™ โ€“ meansย  to perform a task, or take action.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ โ€“ '๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:31
โ€œNeil implemented some changes to the show.โ€
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"Neil์€ ์‡ผ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
54:33
The final item is โ€˜cutting edgeโ€™ โ€“ new andย  advanced โ€“ โ€œThis software is cutting edge.โ€
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ '์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ' - ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ - "์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
54:39
โ€œThe software uses cutting edge technology.โ€
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"์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
54:42
OK โ€“ thatโ€™s all we have timeย  for on todayโ€™s cutting edgeย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ
54:45
show. But please check out our Instagram,ย  Twitter, Facebook and YouTube pages.
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์‡ผ์—์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Instagram, Twitter, Facebook ๋ฐ YouTube ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
54:50
Bye-bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
54:51
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
54:58
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:01
And I'm Catherine. Hello!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
55:03
Now, Catherine, say cheese.
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์ž, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ, ์น˜์ฆˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด.
55:05
Cheeeese. Thank you, a little souvenir of our time together.
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์น˜์ฆˆ. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ’ˆ.
55:10
Let's have a lookโ€ฆ Hang on a minute. You justย  took a selfie, I wasn't even in the picture.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹คโ€ฆ ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์…€์นด๋ฅผ ์ฐ์œผ์…จ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:15
Ah, well, that's the magic of the smartphone,ย  two cameras! You know, that's not somethingย ย 
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์•„, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•, ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ! ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
55:21
you can do with a traditional camera. I mean,ย  do you even have a separate camera these days?
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๊ธฐ์กด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๋ง์€ ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
55:26
I do actually. It's in aย  cupboard somewhere at home.ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง‘ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ์ฐฌ์žฅ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
55:29
Well, that is the topic of this programme. Haveย  traditional cameras been completely replaced byย ย 
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
55:35
smartphones, or to put it another way, haveย  cameras been made obsolete by the smartphone?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
55:41
Interesting question. But before we get into thisย  topic, how about a question for our listeners?
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ ค๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
55:47
Of course. We are certainly in theย  digital age of photography but whenย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
55:51
was the first digital cameraย  phone released? Was it:ย 
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ํฐ์€ ์–ธ์ œ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹น์‹œ:
55:55
a) 2000 b) 2004 orย 
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a) 2000 b) 2004 ๋˜๋Š”
55:58
c) 2007? What do you think?
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c) 2007? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
56:01
Well, I actually know this one, so I'mย  going to be fair and keep it to myself.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:06
OK, well, listen out for theย  answer at the end of the programme.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ
56:10
There are different kinds of camerasย  available today. There are compact cameras,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:14
which are small and mostly automaticย  and usually come with a fixed lens.
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์ž‘๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ž๋™ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์†Œํ˜• ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:19
That's right. And then there areย  SLRs and DSLRs which are bigger,ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ํฐ SLR๊ณผ DSLR์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:24
and you can change the lenses on these camerasย  and they allow for a lot of manual control.
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์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:30
And there are also mirrorless cameras, which are aย  cross between compact cameras and DSLRs. They areย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€ DSLR์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:37
small like a compact camera but you can also useย  the same lenses on them that you can use on DSLRs.
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์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ DSLR์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:43
And of course, there areย  the cameras on smartphones,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์—๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
56:46
and these are convenient and they'reย  becoming increasingly sophisticated.
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ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ ์  ๋” ์ •๊ตํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:51
Phil Hall is the editor of Tech Radarย  magazine. He was asked on the BBC programmeย ย 
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Phil Hall์€ Tech Radar ์žก์ง€์˜ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ
56:56
You and Yours if he thought smartphones wouldย  make other cameras obsolete. What is his opinion?
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You and Yours์—์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
57:05
I don't think so. I think while compact cameraย  sales have really sort of dropped off a cliff,ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ฝคํŒฉํŠธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฒผ๋ž‘์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
57:11
it's the lower end, cheap compacts whereย  people have opted for a smartphone and I thinkย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ณณ์€ ์ €๊ฐ€ํ˜• ์ €๊ฐ€ ์ฝคํŒฉํŠธ์ด๋ฉฐ
57:17
manufacturers are looking at the more higher endย  premium cameras, high-end compacts, DSLRs, whichย ย 
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์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ํ˜• ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ, ํ•˜์ด์—”๋“œ ์ฝคํŒฉํŠธํ˜•, DSLR,
57:24
are the ones you can attach lenses to, mirrorlessย  cameras. So, the market's changing. And I don'tย ย 
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๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
57:29
think there'll be a time soon, yet, thatโ€ฆ theย  smartphone will take over the camera completely.
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๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์žฅ์•…ํ•  ๋‚ ์ด ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:37
So does Phil think smartphonesย  will kill the camera?
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Phil์€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
57:40
In a word, no. He does say that sales of cheapย  compact cameras have dropped off a cliff.ย ย 
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ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋ฒผ๋ž‘ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:48
This rather dramatic expressionย  describes a very big fall in sales.
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์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋งค์ถœ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:53
This is because the kind of consumersย ย 
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57:55
who would choose a compact camera are nowย  opting for the camera on their smartphone.ย ย 
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์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:59
When you opt for something youย  choose it rather than something else.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
58:04
For people who want a quick, easyย  to use and convenient way to takeย ย 
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š”
58:08
reasonable quality photos, compact cameras usedย  to be the best choice โ€“ but now it's a smartphone.
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์ปดํŒฉํŠธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:16
So camera makers are now moving to the moreย  high-end market, the DSLRs and mirrorless cameras.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‹œ์žฅ์ธ DSLR ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:22
So who is still buying these moreย  expensive cameras? Here's Phil Hall again.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด ๋” ๋น„์‹ผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•„ ํ™€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:28
I think it's... some of it is people whoย  are picking up a smartphone and sort ofย ย 
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”... ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์ง‘์–ด ๋“ค๊ณ 
58:33
getting into photography that way and that'sย  a really great first step into photographyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์ž…๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์ฒซ ๊ฑธ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
58:39
and I think people are probably, sometimes,ย  getting a bit frustrated with the qualityย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
58:43
once they sort of start pushing their creativeย  skills and then looking to see what's the nextย ย 
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์ผ๋‹จ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ
58:48
rung up so it's people wanting toย  broaden their creative skills a bit.
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๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋„“ํžˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:54
Who does he say might be buying cameras?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
58:56
He says that people who are getting intoย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์ž…๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
58:58
photography might get frustratedย  with the quality of smartphones.
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์— ์‹ค๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:02
Getting into something meansย  becoming very interested in it.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋น ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:06
And if you are frustrated with something itย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์ขŒ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
59:08
means you are disappointed withย  it. You are not happy with it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:11
So people who have got intoย  photography with a smartphoneย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
59:14
but are frustrated with its limitationsย  and want to be more creative are goingย ย 
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ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
59:19
to the next level. They are moving up, theyย  are, as Phil said 'taking the next rung up'.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Phil์ด '๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋Œ€ ์œ„๋กœ ์ด๋™'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ„๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:25
Now, a rung is the horizontal step of a ladder,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋Œ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
59:29
so the expression taking the next rung up is aย  way to describe doing something at a higher level.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:37
Now, talking of higher levels, did you get thisย  week's quiz question right? The question was:ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งžํžˆ์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:43
When was the first phone with a digitalย  camera released? Was it 2000, 2004 or 2007?ย ย 
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? 2000๋…„์ธ๊ฐ€, 2004๋…„์ธ๊ฐ€, 2007๋…„์ธ๊ฐ€?
59:51
The first phone with a digitalย  camera was released in 2000.ย ย 
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋Š” 2000๋…„์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:55
Now, to take us up to the end of theย  programme, let's look at the vocabulary again.
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์ด์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:00
First, we had the adjective obsoleteย  which describes something that hasย ย 
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
60:04
been replaced and is no longer the first choice.
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๊ต์ฒด๋˜์–ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰์—
60:08
When the expression to drop off aย  cliff is used about, for example,ย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—
60:11
sales numbers, it means sales have fallenย  significantly over a short period of time.
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ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
60:16
To opt for something means to choose somethingย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
60:20
and when you become very interested in anย  activity you can say that you get into it.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ™œ๋™์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:27
If you are trying to do something and youย  can't do it because you don't have the skillย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
60:31
or the equipment you are using is not rightย  or not good enough, you can become frustrated.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:36
And developing your skills to a higher levelย  can be described as taking the next rung up.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:43
Right, that's all from us from us in thisย  programme. Do join us again next time andย ย 
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ
60:46
don't forget that in the meantime you canย  find us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter,ย ย 
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๋™์•ˆ Instagram, Facebook, Twitter,
60:51
YouTube and of course our websiteย  bbclearningenglish.com. See you soon. Goodbye.
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YouTube ๋ฐ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ณง ๋ด์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
60:59
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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