Low emission zones - 6 Minute English

90,862 views ใƒป 2020-01-30

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:08
Sam: Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning
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์ƒ˜: ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:10
English. I'm Samโ€ฆ
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. ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
00:11
Neil: And I'm Neil.
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๋‹: ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Sam: In this programme, weโ€™re discussing low
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Sam: ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:14
emission zones and explaining some
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์ ์€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:16
useful items of vocabulary along the way.
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Neil: Well, thatโ€™s good, Sam. But what
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๋‹: ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ƒ˜. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €
00:21
exactly is a low emission zone?
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด๋ž€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:23
Sam: Well, the noun 'emission' is an
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์ƒ˜: ์Œ, '๋ฐฉ์ถœ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
00:25
amount of, usually, gas, that is sent out
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ
00:29
into the air and harms the environment โ€“
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00:31
itโ€™s pollution. And a low emission zone is
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์˜ค์—ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ์˜ค์—ผ
00:34
an area of a city where the amount of
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์˜ ์–‘์ด ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:36
pollution is controlled.
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.
00:38
Neil: Of course, and cities like London
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Neil: ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š”
00:40
have them - most vehicles, including cars
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฐด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€
00:42
and vans, need to meet certain emissions
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ํŠน์ • ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:45
standards or their drivers must pay a daily
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์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€
00:48
charge to drive within the zone โ€“ or they
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์ผ ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
might even be banned altogether.
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.
00:52
Sam: Exactly. Itโ€™s all about making the air
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์ƒ˜: ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
we breathe cleaner. And my question
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
00:57
today is about one UK city which recently
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—
01:00
announced it wants to be the countryโ€™s
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์˜๊ตญ
01:02
first โ€˜net zeroโ€™ city - placing their
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ '์ˆœ ์ œ๋กœ' ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์—ฌ
01:05
greenhouse emissions at a neutral level.
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์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
But which one is it? Is itโ€ฆ
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ
01:11
a) Glasgow, b) Manchester, c) Cardiff
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01:17
Neil: Ah yes, Iโ€™ve heard about this and Iโ€™m
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01:19
sure it is a) Glasgow.
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01:20
Sam: OK, I'll let you know if that was
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Sam: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
correct at the end of the programme.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Now, Neil mentioned that London already
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์ด์ œ Neil์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์ด๋ฏธ
01:26
has an ultra-low emission zone. But this
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์ดˆ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ฌํ•ด
01:29
year, other UK cities, including
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01:31
Bath, Leeds and Birmingham, are also
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Bath, Leeds ๋ฐ Birmingham์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค๋„
01:34
bringing in Clean Air Zones.
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Clean Air Zones๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Neil: And around the world, many other
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Neil: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:38
cities, like Beijing, Paris and Madrid have
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๋ฒ ์ด์ง•, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ, ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ์—
01:41
these zones. Although there are many
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งŽ์€
01:43
types of emissions, such as from
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์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:45
factories, these zones predominantly
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ
01:47
target exhaust fumes from vehicles โ€“
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์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค(
01:50
poisonous gases called nitrogen dioxide.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋… ๊ฐ€์Šค)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Sam: Letโ€™s hear from an expert on this -
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Sam: ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ ์š”ํฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•™
01:55
Alastair Lewis who is a Professor of
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๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ Alastair Lewis์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
01:58
Atmospheric Chemistry at the University
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02:00
of York. He spoke to BBC Radio 4โ€™s Inside
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. ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ Inside
02:04
Science programme and explained
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Science ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ
02:06
why we should be trying to reduce these
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
02:08
pollutants โ€“ a word for the substances
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02:11
that cause pollutionโ€ฆ
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์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Alastair Lewis: Most of the evidence we
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02:14
have now on air pollution is that we
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02:16
continue to see health benefits by
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02:18
reducing pollution, even when you're
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02:20
below the target value.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ ๊ฐ’ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ค„์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด์ ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
So, just because the city meets a
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
02:24
particular value, there is still an
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02:26
incentive to continue to improve air
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:28
quality, because the health benefits
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์ด
02:30
continue to build up as you do that. So,
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
02:32
targets are very good at focusing the
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๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™
02:34
mind, but they shouldn't be the only thing
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:36
that we're considering.
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.
02:37
Neil: Alastair Lewis mentions โ€˜targetsโ€™.
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Neil: Alastair Lewis๋Š” 'ํ‘œ์ '์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
These are official levels of something that
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:43
need to be achieved. They give us
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
02:44
something to aim for โ€“ in this case
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
02:46
reducing air pollution.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Sam: He uses the phrase โ€˜focusing the
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Sam: ๊ทธ๋Š” '๋งˆ์Œ ์ง‘์ค‘'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
mindโ€™ โ€“ that means to concentrate on one
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์ฆ‰, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:53
idea or thought.
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.
02:55
Neil: But, while setting a target to cut air
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Neil: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:57
pollution is good โ€“ it has health benefits
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์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ
02:59
โ€“ we shouldnโ€™t just focus on meeting the
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์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:02
target. Even if the target is met, we
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. ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„
03:04
shouldnโ€™t stop trying to improve. The
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๊ฐœ์„  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
incentive should be that we are improving
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์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
03:09
peopleโ€™s health.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Sam: And an 'incentive' is something that
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Sam: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ'๋Š”
03:12
encourages someone to do something.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
So, I think itโ€™s accepted that creating
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:17
low emission zones is an incentive
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์ €๊ณตํ•ด ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
03:19
because it encourages people to either
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:21
not drive into cities or to, at least, drive
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๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ์–ด๋„
03:24
low-polluting vehicles.
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์ €๊ณตํ•ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Neil: And, of course, changing to electric-
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Neil: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
03:28
powered cars is one way to do this.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Thereโ€™s more of an incentive to do this
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03:33
now, at least in the UK, because the
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03:35
government has said new diesel and
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ 2040๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ ค ๋ฐ
03:37
petrol cars and vans will be banned
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ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฐด์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์–ด๋„ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
from 2040.
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03:41
Sam: But pollution from vehicles is just
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์ƒ˜: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ค์—ผ์€
03:43
part of the problem, as Alastair Lewis
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Alastair Lewis
03:44
points outโ€ฆ
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์ง€์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
03:46
Alastair Lewis: One has to accept that air
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Alastair Lewis: ๋Œ€๊ธฐ
03:48
pollution is an enormously complex
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์˜ค์—ผ์€
03:50
problem with a very very large number of
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€
03:53
contributing sources, and there will never
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์›์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ
03:56
be any one single action that will cure the
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03:59
problem for us. So, low emission zones
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€
04:03
are one way to reduce concentrations, but
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๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ
04:05
they are not, in isolation, going to
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๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ
04:07
be the solution.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Neil: So, Alastair points out that air
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Neil: Alastair๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ
04:09
pollution is a complex problem โ€“ itโ€™s
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์˜ค์—ผ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
complicated, difficult and involves many
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:14
parts.
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04:14
Sam: Yes, there are many sources โ€“
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.
Sam: ์˜ˆ, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์›์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
things that create these emissions. So,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
04:19
itโ€™s not possible to solve - or cure โ€“ the
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04:22
problem by doing one thing. Low
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์น˜์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €
04:24
emission zones are only one
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€
04:26
part of the solution to the problem.
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๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Neil: He said it was one way to reduce
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Neil: ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:30
concentrations โ€“ he means amounts of
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. ๊ทธ๋Š”
04:32
substances, pollutants, found in
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04:34
something, which here is the air.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Sam: Well, earlier, Neil, you had to
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Sam: ์Œ, ์•„๊นŒ Neil, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
04:38
concentrate your mind and answer a
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์ •์‹ ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:41
question about emissions.I asked which
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
04:43
UK city recently announced it wants to be
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์–ด๋Š ์˜๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€
04:45
the countryโ€™s first โ€˜net zeroโ€™ city - placing
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๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ '์ˆœ ์ œ๋กœ' ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:48
their greenhouse emissions
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04:50
at a neutral level. Was itโ€ฆ
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.
04:52
a) Glasgow, b) Manchester, or c) Cardiff
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a) ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ , b) ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ, ๋˜๋Š” c) ์นด๋””ํ”„
04:55
And, Neil, what did you say?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด?
04:57
Neil: I said itโ€™s Glasgow.
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๋‹: ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:58
Sam: And it is Glasgow! Well done, Neil. It
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์ƒ˜: ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด, ๋‹.
05:01
wants to become the UK's first โ€˜net zeroโ€™
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์˜๊ตญ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ '์ˆœ ์ œ๋กœ'
05:03
city. And later this year it is hosting a
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—๋Š”
05:06
major United Nations climate change
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์ฃผ์š” ์œ ์—” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ •์ƒ
05:09
summit.
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05:09
Neil: OK, Sam, I think we need a recap of
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ํšŒ๋‹ด์„ ์ฃผ์ตœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Neil: ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Sam, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:12
the vocabulary weโ€™ve discussed, starting
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05:13
with emissionsโ€ฆ
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.
05:15
Sam: 'Emissions' are amounts of, usually,
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Sam: '๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰'์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ
05:17
gas that is sent out into the air from
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:20
things like cars. They harm the
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:22
environment. And 'pollutants'
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ'์€ ์˜ค์—ผ์„
05:23
are the actual substances that cause
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์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:25
pollutionโ€ฆ
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โ€ฆ
05:26
Neil: 'To focus the mind' means to
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๋‹: '๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:28
concentrate on one idea or thought.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Sam: And we mentioned an 'incentive',
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Sam: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์ธ '์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:32
which is something that encourages
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05:34
someone to do something.
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.
05:36
Neil: 'Complex' describes something that
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Neil: 'Complex'๋Š”
05:38
is complicated, difficult and involves
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ 
05:39
many parts.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
Sam: And when talking about pollution,
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Sam: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
05:42
we sometimes talk about 'concentrations'.
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๊ฐ€๋” '๋†์ถ•'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
These are amounts of substances, or
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
05:47
pollutants, within something.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Neil: So, in a polluted city, we might find
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Neil: ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ๋†๋„์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide
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05:54
because of all the traffic โ€“ itโ€™s not great
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05:56
for our health, Sam.
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Sam, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Sam: Indeed, Neil โ€“ thatโ€™s why we need
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Sam: ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil โ€“ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €
05:59
low emission zones!
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
06:00
And that brings us to the end of this 6
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ 6
06:02
Minute English programme. See you soon. Bye.
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๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋ด์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•.
06:05
Neil: Goodbye.
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๋‹: ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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