BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Art & culture 2' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocab!

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2024-09-22 ใƒป BBC Learning English


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BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Art & culture 2' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocab!

90,799 views ใƒป 2024-09-22

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:05
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ด์—์š”.
00:10
And I'm Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ด์—์š”.
00:11
Would you say you're artistic, Sam?ย Can you draw or paint? Do you dance or play music?
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”, ์ƒ˜?ย  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์น ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Œ์•…์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
00:17
I play the piano a bit. Yes, I'd sayย I'm quite artistic. How about you, Neil?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋„ค, ์ €๋Š” ๊ฝค ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”, ๋‹?
00:22
Well, if you count playing football asย  artistic, then yes. But basically, no,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”,
00:27
I can't paint. ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
We've been wondering why beingย artistic comes more naturally to some people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:32
than others. So, in this program, we'll beย asking: Are artists' brains different?
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:38
We'll hear two expert opinions, and as usual,ย we'll learn some useful new vocabulary as well.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ํ‰์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
So, what do you think, Neil? Are artists'ย brains different from other people's?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋„ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์–ด๋•Œ, ๋‹? ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:49
I'm not sure, Sam, but it's trueย that many artists behave differently,ย ย 
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์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”, ์ƒ˜. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—์š”.
00:53
often in very strange ways. For example, didย you know that Michelangelo worked so hard heย ย 
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์ข…์ข… ์•„์ฃผ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฏธ์ผˆ๋ž€์ ค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•ด์„œ
01:00
never took a bath, or that guitar legend Jimiย Hendrix once set fire to his guitar on stage?
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๋ชฉ์š•์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ „์„ค ์ง€๋ฏธ ํ—จ๋“œ๋ฆญ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€์— ๋ถˆ์„ ์ง€๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:06
We'll hear more about the artist's brain soon,ย but first, I have a question for you. As you said,ย ย 
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์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณง ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๋Œ€๋กœ
01:12
artistic ability comes naturally to some people,ย including the famous composer Wolfgang Amadeusย ย 
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€ ๋ณผํ”„๊ฐ• ์•„๋งˆ๋ฐ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:18
Mozart. Mozart was considered a child prodigy, aย young child with very great musical talent. So,ย ย 
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. ๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์Œ์•…์  ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹ ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:25
how old was Mozart when he composedย his first piece of music? Was he:ย 
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๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋Š”:
01:30
A. 5 years old,ย 
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A. 5์„ธ,
01:32
B. 10 years old, C. 15 years old?
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B. 10์„ธ, C. 15์„ธ์˜€๋‚˜์š”?
01:35
I'll guess he was A. 5 years old.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ A. 5 ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:38
Okay, Sam, I'll reveal the answer later inย the program. If artists' brains are different,ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:44
it could mean they see the world in unusualย ways. Dr. Rebecca Chamberlain is a researcherย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rebecca Chamberlain ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:50
in the neuroscience of art. She investigatesย how artists see the objects they are drawing byย ย 
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์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
01:56
measuring saccades, the rapid movements our eyesย make as they jump from one thing to another. Here,ย ย 
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๋‹จ์†์šด๋™, ์ฆ‰ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ ํ”„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
02:02
she shares her findings with the BBCย  World Service program CrowdScience:
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ CrowdScience์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
Artists seem to be processing the visual worldย in a different way to non-artists, particularlyย ย 
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๋น„์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:13
when they're drawing. The artists actually takeย a more global approach to looking, so they makeย ย 
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. ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:19
bigger saccadesโ€”bigger eye movementsโ€”and shorterย fixations on the image. So it's almost likeย ย 
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๋” ํฐ ๋‹จ์† ์šด๋™, ์ฆ‰ ๋” ํฐ ๋ˆˆ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ์งง์€ ๊ณ ์ • ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
02:26
they're getting much more of a kind of gist-levelย view of the thing that they're looking at.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์š”์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Rebecca's experiments seem to confirm thatย artists' brains work differently because ofย ย 
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๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ์ฆ‰ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:38
their processing of the visual world: the way theirย brains make sense of information. Interestingly,ย ย 
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. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ
02:46
'processing' also means 'the act of developingย pictures from photographic film'.
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๋„ '์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ'๋Š” '์‚ฌ์ง„ ํ•„๋ฆ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ˜„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
When they draw,ย artists make bigger, quicker eyeย movements, so they're able to seeย ย 
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
the whole pictureโ€”something also known asย the 'gist': the overall general impressionย ย 
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์ด๋Š” '์š”์ '์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
03:02
of something without focusing on the details.ย If you 'get the gist' of what someone is saying,ย ย 
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์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ '์š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…'ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
03:08
you understand the overall meaning ofย what they say, but not the details.
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์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
The second expert to answer our questionย about the artistic brain is Mike,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ๋‘๋‡Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š”
03:17
a BBC World Service listener from Malawi. Mikeย is a self-taught painter who creates large,ย ย 
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๋ง๋ผ์œ„ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ BBC World Service ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž์ธ Mike์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Mike๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ํ•™ ํ™”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:23
colourful pictures in his studio. Accordingย to him, artistic ability isn't somethingย ย 
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. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
03:28
you're born with: it can be learned, as heย explained to BBC World Service's CrowdScience.
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ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ BBC World Service์˜ CrowdScience์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
I had this other student. He was like reallyย at zero, like he could not draw at all. So,ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ •๋ง ์ œ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
03:41
I gave him some tips, and in a month he wasย really good. He was really surprised, blownย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ์คฌ๊ณ , ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋งŒ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ•ด์คฌ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๊ณ , ๊นœ์ง
03:46
away. He never expected. So, there are some thingsย that are trainable. It's like a bike. In my case,ย ย 
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๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
03:52
I learned how to do those things without anyoneย telling me. You know, like if you are drawingย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
03:57
the face, a human face, the distance betweenย your eyes is the same as one of your eyes.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ˆˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Mike gives 'tips' to his students: helpfulย pieces of advice about how to do something,ย ย 
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Mike๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ 'ํŒ'์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:09
in this case, to paint. After getting Mike's tips,ย ย 
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. Mike์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„,
04:13
one of his students really improved and startedย painting much better. Mike was 'blown away',ย ย 
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ •๋ง ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Mike๋Š” '๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค', '
04:19
an informal way to say 'very impressed orย surprised'.
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๋†€๋ž๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ '๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
04:23
Like learning to ride a bike,ย ย 
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
04:25
Mike thinks that painting is 'trainable', a wordย from American English meaning that it can beย ย 
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Mike๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ 'ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ'ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ
04:31
taught or trained. For him, this is proof thatย artists' brains are not so different after all.
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
So, there we have itโ€”two different opinions,ย but no final answer to our question. Still,ย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:43
some scientists think there may be a thirdย possibility: everyone's brain works byย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š”
04:47
focusing on some areas and ignoring others, makingย a kind of jigsaw puzzle with missing pieces. Maybeย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜์—ญ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์€ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ง์†Œ ํผ์ฆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„
04:55
all of us: you, me, Mozart, and Jimi Hendrix, areย just filling in the missing pieces our own way.
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๋‹น์‹ , ๋‚˜, ๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ, ์ง€๋ฏธ ํ—จ๋“œ๋ฆญ์Šค ๋“ฑ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Speaking of Mozart, Neil, it's timeย to reveal the answer to your question.
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๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ, ๋‹๋‹˜, ์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Right. I asked how old child prodigyย  Mozart was when he first composed music,ย ย 
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ์‹ ๋™ ๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ช‡ ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
05:11
and I said he was 5 years old. So, was I right?
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5์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด ๋ง์ด ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
05:14
Your answer was correct! Mozart was five whenย he first wrote music, and by the age of six,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ผ๊ณ , ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ
05:21
he had performed in front of the Emperor ofย Austria twice. Now, there's an artistic brain!
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์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ™ฉ์ œ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊ณต์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:27
Yeah. Okay, Neil, let's recap the vocabulary fromย this program, starting with 'child prodigy': aย ย 
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์‘. ์ข‹์•„์š”, Neil, '์‹ ๋™'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
young child like Mozart with a great talentย in something.
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๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
'Processing' describes howย ย 
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'์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ'๋Š”
05:38
your brain makes sense of the information itย receives.
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
'The gist' of something is a generalย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ '์š”์ '์€
05:43
understanding of it without the details.
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์„ธ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•ญ ์—†์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
'Tips' are useful pieces of advice about how to do something better.
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'ํŒ'์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
If you are 'blownย away', you are very impressed or surprised byย something.
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If you are 'blown-away''๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ๋™๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
And finally, 'trainable' means 'ableย to be trained or taught', in American English.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'trainable'์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด๋กœ 'ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Once again, our six minutesย are up. It's goodbye for now.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ 6๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Goodbye.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
06:09
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ด์—์š”.
06:13
And I'm Beth.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
London has many touristย attractions, from Big Ben to Buckinghamย ย 
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—๋Š” ๋น…๋ฒค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ„ํ‚น์—„ ๊ถ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๊ด‘ ๋ช…์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:19
Palace. Would it surprise you to hear thatย many tourists' top destination is actually aย ย 
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. ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
06:25
museum? The British Museum contains thousands ofย important artefacts: objects of special historicalย ย 
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? ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—๋Š”
06:32
interest, including ancient Egyptian mummies, anย Aztec serpent, and the Rosetta Stone. In fact,ย ย 
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋ฏธ๋ผ, ์•„์ฆˆํ… ๋ฑ€, ๋กœ์ œํƒ€์„ ๋“ฑ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์†Œ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
06:39
London has museums on every subject,ย from trains to fashion.
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒจ์…˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
But recently,ย many museums have been criticized for stealingย ancient treasures during imperial times,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์ด ๋Œ€์˜์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ธ ์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋ณด๋ฌผ์„ ํ›”์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:50
the age of the British Empire.ย Many argue that these treasures,ย ย 
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.ย  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:54
such as the famous Parthenon Marblesย and Benin Bronzes, should be returned.
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ฅดํ…Œ๋…ผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„๊ณผ ๋ฒ ๋ƒ‰ ์ฒญ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
In this program, we'll discuss the controversialย role of museums in the 21st century, and as usual,ย ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
07:05
we'll be learning some useful new vocabularyย as well.
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์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
But first, I have a question for you,ย Beth.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฒ ์Šค ์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
Another of London's most visited museums,ย the Natural History Museum, features a grandย ย 
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์ธ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€(Natural History Museum)์—๋Š”
07:17
entrance hall which, for decades, contained anย impressive life-size model of a dinosaur. But whatย ย 
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹ค๋ฌผ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฃก ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ๋ณด๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ์›…์žฅํ•œ ์ž…๊ตฌ ํ™€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ
07:24
was this iconic dinosaur's name? Was it: A. Dippy the Diplodocus,ย 
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์ด ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋ฃก์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? A. ๋””ํ”Œ๋กœ๋„์ฟ ์Šค ๋””ํ”ผ,
07:30
B. Terry the Pterodactyl, or C. Tyrone the Tyrannosaurus?
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B. ์ต๋ฃก ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ‹ฐ๋ผ๋…ธ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋ฃจ์Šค C. ํ‹ฐ๋ก ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:35
Hmm, I think the answer is Dippy the Diplodocus.
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ํ , ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋‹ต์€ ๋””ํ”Œ๋กœ๋„์ฟ ์Šค ๋””ํ”ผ(Dippy the Diplodocus)์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
07:38
Okay, Beth, I'll reveal the answerย later in the program. Anthropologistย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, Beth. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž
07:43
Professor Adam Cooper has written aย  new book, The Museum of Other People,ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ด ์ฟ ํผ(Adam Cooper) ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฑ… 'ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€(The Museum of Other People)'์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฑ…์—์„œ๋Š”
07:48
which discusses the idea that many museumย artefacts were stolen and should be givenย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:53
back. Here, he speaks to BBC Radio 4 programย Thinking Aloud about two sides of the debate:ย ย 
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC Radio 4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Thinking Aloud์—์„œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด, ์ฆ‰
08:00
one which saw European culture asย  superior, and another which didn't.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์šฐ์›”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
These are the two great ideologiesย  of the imperial age. The one is thatย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
08:10
all societies began from a very roughย  base: you know, we all, our ancestors,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ์€
08:15
were hunter-gatherers at one stage. And thenย they go through the stage of farming,ย ย 
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ ต์ฑ„์ง‘์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋†์—…, ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:19
industry: all this while they're gettingย  smarter and smarter, their brains areย ย 
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. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋‘๋‡Œ๋„
08:22
getting bigger and bigger, and they're movingย from primitive magic to sophisticated religion,ย ย 
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์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์›์‹œ ๋งˆ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ข…๊ต๋กœ,
08:27
then maybe on to science. So it's onwardsย and upwards. That's the imperial idea,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ
08:31
and we're going to help these other poor benightedย people up the ladder with us. And opposed to this,ย ย 
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์ด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ฐœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š”
08:37
there's this other 19th-century ideology whichย says, no, this is an imperialist myth. We haveย ย 
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹ ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
08:43
our own culture. There are no better or worseย cultures; there are just national cultures.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์žˆ์„๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Imperialists believed that mankindย  progressed through stages, startingย ย 
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์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ ต์ฑ„์ง‘์ธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:53
as hunter-gatherers: people who lived before theย invention of farming and survived by hunting andย ย 
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. ์ฆ‰, ๋†์—…์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ  ์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๊ณ 
08:59
collecting food in the wild. According to thisย view, white European culture was best becauseย ย 
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์Œ์‹์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฌํ•ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง„๋ณดํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:05
it was the most advanced, so it was theirย duty to 'help' local cultures 'up the ladder',ย ย 
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, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '์ „์ง„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š”' ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” '์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋กœ' ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ '๋•๋Š”' ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:10
meaning 'to advance or make progress'. Adam Cooperย uses the phrase 'onwards and upwards' to describeย ย 
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. Adam Cooper๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ ์  ๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:17
a situation where things are improving,ย becoming better and better. ย ย 
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.
09:21
Of course, things didn't get better for everyone, especiallyย the people whose land and possessions were stolen.ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ† ์ง€์™€ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
An opposing view argued that each culture isย unique and should be valued and protected.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
The legacy of colonialism is now being publiclyย debated, but the question of returning stolenย ย 
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์‹๋ฏผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ•œ ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
09:40
artefacts remains complex. Firstly, since manyย of these treasures are hundreds of years old,ย ย 
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณด๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
09:46
who should they be returned to? What's more,ย the history behind these objects is complicated.ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋’ค์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
In the case of the Benin Bronzes, for example,ย questions can be asked about the actions of localย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฒ ๋ƒ‰ ๋ธŒ๋ก ์ฆˆ(Benin Bronzes)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€์—ญ ์ง€๋„์ž์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:57
leaders as well as the European powers.
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09:59
So how canย museums display their artefacts to reflect thisย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์€ ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ „์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”
10:03
complex history? Here's Professor Cooper sharingย his ideas with BBC Radio 4's Thinking Aloud:
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? ๋‹ค์Œ์€ Cooper ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ BBC Radio 4์˜ Thinking Aloud์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
I want to see a lot more temporary exhibitions.ย And the kinds of exhibitions I am interestedย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์ž„์‹œ ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋Š”
10:18
in are not about one particular tradition, butย about the relationships between different culturalย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์ „ํ†ต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ „ํ†ต ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:24
traditions. Everything is interconnected. Ofย course, these connections are sometimes violent,ย ย 
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. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ ,
10:29
sometimes oppressive, sometimes very difficult,ย sometimes very painful. But things are changing.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ต์••์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
An 'exhibition' is a display showing aย  collection of artefacts. Adam Cooperย ย 
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'์ „์‹œํšŒ'๋Š” ์œ ๋ฌผ ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ „์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„๋‹ด ์ฟ ํผ(Adam Cooper)๋Š”
10:40
wants exhibitions to tellย truthful stories by showingย ย 
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์ „์‹œํšŒ๊ฐ€
10:44
the relationships between culturesย  and how events are 'interconnected':ย ย 
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๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ '์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ'๋˜๋Š”์ง€, ์ฆ‰
10:48
connected or related to each other. Andย these stories must include all cultures.
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์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง„์‹คํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ย ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
Going back almost to the dinosaurs.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฃก์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
And speaking of dinosaurs, Neil,
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๊ณต๋ฃก ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ, Neil๋‹˜,
10:58
it's time for you to reveal the answer toย your question. What was the name of theย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์‹ค ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
famous dinosaur which greeted visitorsย to London's Natural History Museum?
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ž์—ฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์„ ์ฐพ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋งž์ดํ•œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฃก์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:07
I said it was Dippy the Diplodocus.
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๋””ํ”Œ๋กœ๋„์ฟ ์Šค ๋””ํ”ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
11:10
Which was the correct answer! The 26-metre-longย dinosaur was displayed from 1905 until 2017,
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์ •๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! 26๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๊ณต๋ฃก์€ 1905๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2017๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ดํ›„
11:19
when it was replaced by the skeleton of aย female blue whale, promisingly named Hope.
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ํฌ๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ์•”์ปท ๋Œ€์™•๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned,ย starting with 'artefact': an object of historicalย significance
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์ž, '์œ ๋ฌผ'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ
11:32
'Hunter-gatherers' were people whoย lived by hunting and collecting wild food ratherย than farming.
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'์ˆ˜๋ ต์ฑ„์ง‘์ธ'์€ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ ์Œ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
If someone 'moves up the ladder', theyย advance or make progress.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ '์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„๋‹ค'๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
The phrase 'onwards andย upwards' describes a situation where things areย getting better and better.
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'onwards and upwards'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ ์  ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
'An exhibition' is aย display of artefacts in a museum or paintingsย in an art gallery.
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'์ „์‹œํšŒ'๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ „์‹œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ „์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
And finally, the adjectiveย 'interconnected' describes separate thingsย which are connected or related to each other.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋จ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
12:00
Once again, our time is up. Join us again soonย for more trending topics. Goodbye, everyone.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
12:06
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
12:13
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ด์—์š”.
12:17
And I'm Beth.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Shh! Quiet, please. I'm trying to read here, Beth.
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์‰ฟ! ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋‚œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์ด์•ผ, ๋ฒ ์Šค.
12:22
Oh, excuse me. I didn't know this was a library.
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์•„, ์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ธ ์ค„์€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
12:26
Well, what exactly is a library?ย Have you ever thought about that?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด๋ž€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?ย  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:30
Well, somewhere with lots of books, I suppose,ย where you go to read or study. ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ฑ…์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ, ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:34
A symbol of knowledge and learning, a place to keep warmย in the winter, or somewhere to murder victimsย ย 
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์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ์ƒ์ง•, ๊ฒจ์šธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ,
12:41
in a crime novel. Libraries can be all ofย these things and more.
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„์†Œ์„ค ์† ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ. ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
In this programme,ย we'll be looking into the hidden life of theย library, including one of the most famous: theย ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
12:52
Great Library of Alexandria, founded in ancientย Egypt in around 285 BCE. And as usual, we'llย ย 
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 285๋…„๊ฒฝ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋Œ€๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
13:00
be learning some useful new vocabulary - and doingย it all in a whisper so as not to disturb anyone.
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์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†์‚ญ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
Glad to hear it. But before we get out our libraryย cards, I have a question for you, Beth. Foundedย ย 
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๋‹คํ–‰์ด๋„ค์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”, ๋ฒ ์Šค.
13:14
in 1973 in central London, the British Libraryย is one of the largest libraries in the world,ย ย 
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1973๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ์˜๊ตญ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€
13:20
containing around 200 million books. But which ofย the following can be found on its shelves? Is it:ย 
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์•ฝ 2์–ต ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋„์„œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:28
A. The earliest known printing of the Bible, B. The first edition of The Times newspaperย ย 
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A. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ์ธ์‡„๋ณธ, B. 1788๋…„ The Times ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ดˆํŒ
13:34
from 1788, or C. The originalย ย 
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, ๋˜๋Š” C.
13:38
manuscripts of the Harry Potter books?
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ์ฑ…์˜ ์›๋ณธย ย  ์›๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋งˆ๋„
13:40
I'll guess it's the first edition ofย the famous British newspaper, The Times.
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ธ The Times์˜ ์ดˆํŒ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
Okay, Beth. I'll reveal the answer at the endย of the program. Libraries mean different thingsย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋ฒ ์Šค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
to different people, so who better to askย than someone who has written the book on it,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ์ฑ…์„ ์“ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:56
literally. Professor Andrew Pettegree is theย author of a new book, A Fragile History of theย ย 
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Andrew Pettegree ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฑ…์ธ A Fragile History of the Library์˜ ์ €์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:02
Library. Here, he explains what a library meansย to him on BBC Radio 3 program Arts & Ideas:
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC Radio 3 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Arts & Ideas์—์„œ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Well, in my view, a library is any collectionย of books which is deliberately put together byย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ์†Œ์œ ์ž๋‚˜ ํ›„์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋†“์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ…์˜ ๋ชจ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:18
its owner or patron. So in the 15th century,ย a library can be 30 manuscripts painfully putย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 15์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ์ผ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋†“์€ 30๊ถŒ์˜ ์›๊ณ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:26
together during the course of a lifetime, or itย can be two shelves of paperbacks in your home.
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์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ๊ณ ํŒ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
Andrew defines 'a library' as 'any collection ofย books someone has intentionally built up'. Thisย ย 
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Andrew๋Š” '๋„์„œ๊ด€'์„ '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ… ๋ชจ์Œ'์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
14:39
could be as simple as a few 'paperbacks': cheapย books with a cover made of thick paper. ย ย 
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๋‘๊บผ์šด ์ข…์ด๋กœ ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ์ฑ…์ธ '๋ฌธ๊ณ ๋ณธ' ๋ช‡ ๊ถŒ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
Today, books are available everywhere, from supermarketsย to train stations, but back in history,ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์ฑ…์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š”
14:51
that wasn't the case. In earlier centuries,ย printed books or manuscripts were rare andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ธ์‡„๋œ ์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์›๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
14:57
may have been painfully collected over manyย years. Andrew uses the adverb 'painfully' ย 
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์ˆ˜๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Andrew๋Š”
15:03
or 'painstakingly' to describe somethingย that took a lot of care and effort to do.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
But paperback books and private collections areย only part of the story. You may not believe it,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ๊ณ ํŒ ์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์†Œ์žฅํ’ˆ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
15:14
but libraries are places of power. To find outย why, we have to go back in time to the ancientย ย 
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
15:21
Egyptian port of Alexandria in the 3rd centuryย BCE.
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 3์„ธ๊ธฐ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
The Great Library of Alexandria held theย largest collection of books in the ancient world.ย Founded in the city built by Alexander the Great,ย ย 
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์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋Œ€๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋„์„œ ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย  ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ๋Œ€์™•์ด ๊ฑด์„คํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ
15:34
the library's mission was to bringย  together a copy of every book thenย ย 
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์ด ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:39
in existence. According to history professorย Islam Issa, there were two reasons why theย ย 
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. ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ์ด์‚ฌ(Islam Issa)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
15:45
Great Library made Alexandria so powerful, as heย explained to BBC Radio 3 program Arts & Ideas:
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ BBC Radio 3 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Arts & Ideas์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋Œ€๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
The first is being in a location atย  the intersection of the continents,ย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ,
15:57
and bringing a diverse set of people togetherย to live in harmony, or relative harmony,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์กฐํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉด
16:03
can bring about economic prosperity. Andย the second is quite simply that knowledgeย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์‹์€
16:09
equals power. And so the library isย  a form of soft power. It's a way ofย ย 
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ํž˜๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธํŒŒ์›Œ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
saying that Alexandria is an importantย  centre of knowledge, a regional capital, by being the guardians of knowledge.
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์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์ด์ž ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜๋„์ž„์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
Alexandriaย was the meeting point of different cultures,ย ย 
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์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
16:27
where different ideas and philosophies wereย exchanged. This atmosphere encouraged peopleย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์ฒ ํ•™์ด ๊ตํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
16:33
to live 'in harmony': 'peacefully and cooperatively'ย with each other.
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'์กฐํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ', ์ฆ‰ 'ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ' ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ด๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
But the main reason for the Greatย Library's importance is that 'knowledge equalsย power', a saying meaning that 'the more someoneย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š” '์ง€์‹์ด ํž˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด
16:45
knows, the more they will be able to controlย events'. Alexandria became the capital of ย 
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์•Œ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š”
16:51
'soft power': the use of political and cultural knowledgeย rather than military power to influence events.
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •์น˜์ , ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ง€์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” '์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ํŒŒ์›Œ'์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
Now, maybe it's time to revealย the answer to your question, Neil.
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์ด์ œ Neil๋‹˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
Sure. I asked you which famous textย  could be found in the British Library.
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”. ์˜๊ตญ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„
17:07
I guessed it was the first edition ofย The Times newspaper. So, was I right?
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The Times ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ดˆํŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด ๋ง์ด ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
17:12
That was the correct answer.ย In the British Library,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย  ์˜๊ตญ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š”
17:15
you'll find the first copy of The Times, alongย with the first editions of many famous books.
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๋งŽ์€ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฑ…์˜ ์ดˆํŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ The Times์˜ ์ดˆํŒ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned inย this program, starting with 'shh', an exclamationย used to ask someone to be quiet.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์‰ฟ'(์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œํ‘œ)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
A 'paperback' is a type of book with a cover made of thick paperย and sold relatively cheaply.
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'๋ฌธ๊ณ ๋ณธ'์€ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ์ข…์ด๋กœ ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต์  ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
Doing somethingย 'painstakingly' or ''painfully' means doing itย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ '๊ณ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ' ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:42
in a way showing that lots of care and effortย has been taken.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
'Harmony' is a situation whereย people cooperate peacefully with each other.ย 
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'ํ™”ํ•ฉ'์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
According to the expression 'knowledge equalsย power', the more you know, the more you'reย able to control events.
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'์ง€์‹์€ ํž˜์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
And finally, 'softย power' involves using political or cultural meansย rather than military power to get what you want.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ํŒŒ์›Œ'๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •์น˜์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
Once again, our six minutesย are up. Goodbye for now.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ 6๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
18:10
Goodbye. ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
18:17
Hello, this is 6 Minute English fromย  BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ด์—์š”.
18:21
And I'm Georgie. Many people love watchingย movies at the cinema or going to the theatreย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ™”๊ด€์—์„œ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทน์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:26
to see a play. But have you ever imagined whatย an art gallery would be like if you were blind,ย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ์ง€,
18:32
or how a deaf person mightย feel at a music concert?
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์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด ์Œ์•… ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
18:35
In the UK, the Equality Act of 2010ย  guaranteed the rights of disabled peopleย ย 
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2010๋…„ ํ‰๋“ฑ๋ฒ•(Equality Act)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด
18:41
to equal access to education, employment,ย and services, including music, theatre,ย ย 
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์Œ์•…, ์—ฐ๊ทน, ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ต์œก, ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:47
and the arts. Since then, the disabilityย  rights movement has worked hard to breakย ย 
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. ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์šด๋™์€
18:52
down barriers for disabled artistsย  and performers and their audiences.
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์žฅ์• ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ , ๊ณต์—ฐ์ž, โ€‹โ€‹๊ด€๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
In this program, we'll be hearing fromย  a musical composer whose work using newย ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
19:01
instruments allows disabled musicians toย express their lived experience throughย ย 
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์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ์•…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•… ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:06
music. The phrase 'lived experience' emphasizesย the unique experience of disabled people,ย ย 
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. '์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ
19:12
plus the fact that this gives them knowledgeย and understanding that others do not have. And,ย ย 
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
19:18
as usual, we'll be learning someย  useful new vocabulary as well.
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ํ‰์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:21
Great! But first, I have a question forย  you, Georgie. Despite 2010's Equality Act,ย ย 
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ! ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € Georgie๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 2010๋…„ ํ‰๋“ฑ๋ฒ•์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
19:27
it's still difficult for disabled musiciansย  and music fans in the UK to perform and see
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€์™€ ์Œ์•… ํŒฌ์ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์Œ์•…์„ ๊ณต์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:33
live music. A study by the disabled musicians'ย group Attitude is Everything found that one-thirdย 
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. ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ Attitude is Everything์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
19:39
of music venues provided no disabled accessย information at all. But which London music venueย ย 
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์Œ์•… ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ
19:46
was recently given a Gold Award for accessibilityย for disabled musicians and audiences? Was it:ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€์™€ ์ฒญ์ค‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์Œ์•… ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋””์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
19:53
A. The Royal Albert Hall B. The South Bank Centreย 
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A. ๋กœ์—ด ์•จ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ™€ B. ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ๋ฑ…ํฌ ์„ผํ„ฐ
19:57
C. Brixton Academy
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C. ๋ธŒ๋ฆญ์Šคํ„ด ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ
19:59
Hmm, I'll guess it was the Royal Albert Hall.
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ํ , ๋กœ์—ด ์•จ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ™€์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
20:01
Okay, Georgie, I'll reveal theย answer later in the program.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, Georgie. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:05
Megan Steinberg is a music composer atย the Royal Northern College of Music,
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Megan Steinberg๋Š” Royal Northern College of Music์˜ ์Œ์•… ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋กœ,
20:11
where she collaborates with Drake Music, aย leading national organization working in music,
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์Œ์•…, ์žฅ์• , ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๋„์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง์ธ Drake Music๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:16
disability, and technology. Megan composesย music to be played by new instruments. Hereย 
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. Megan์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•…๊ธฐ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•  ์Œ์•…์„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
20:22
she explains what a new instrument isย  to BBC Radio 3's program Arts and Ideas:
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC Radio 3์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Arts and Ideas์—์„œ ์ƒˆ ์•…๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:29
So, they may have been mass- produced orย semi-mass-produced, or they may have beenย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์•…๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
20:34
designed and built by the musician themselves,ย just like a bespoke instrument for themselves.
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๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•…๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•…๊ธฐ.
20:40
Okay, and they're designed to be accessibleย to maybe just that one individual performer,ย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
20:47
or maybe also to lots of differentย  performers with disabilities or differences.
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์žฅ์• ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
Megan's new instruments are designed toย be accessible to be used by someone withย ย 
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Megan์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:57
a disability. More generally, the wordย  'accessible' means 'enabling someone withย ย 
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. ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ '์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” '์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ
21:02
a disability the opportunity to engageย  in the same interactions and enjoy theย ย 
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
21:08
same experiences as people without aย disability'.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:11
New instruments are bothย electronic and acoustic. They might beย 'mass-produced': that's when a factory makesย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•…๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ „์ž์‹ ์•…๊ธฐ์ด์ž ์–ด์ฟ ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์•…๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ'(๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ
21:18
a lot of the same thing, or 'bespoke': madeย specially for one person in particular.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๋˜๋Š” '๋งž์ถคํ˜•'(ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ œ์ž‘)์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:24
So what are these new instruments like?ย Listen as Megan introduces the Rainbow Harp,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•…๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?ย  Megan์ด
21:30
a new instrument designed for harpist Moenaย Lavrat, to BBC Radio programme Arts and Ideas:
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BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Arts and Ideas์—์„œ ํ•˜ํ”„ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž Moena Lavrat๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•…๊ธฐ์ธ Rainbow Harp๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
21:38
And the Rainbow Harp is a harpย  that has color-coded strings,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Rainbow Harp๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ ํ˜„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜ํ”„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:44
right? And each string color correspondsย to a different pitch. So Moena is dyslexic,ย ย 
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๋งž์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ค„ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”ผ์น˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Moena๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด
21:51
and she really found that traditionalย  black-and-white musical notation was quiteย ย 
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํ‘๋ฐฑ ์•…๋ณด๊ฐ€
21:56
an obstacle for her in learning and teachingย music. So she and her husband made these harps,ย ย 
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์Œ์•…์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์€ ์ด ํ•˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ
22:03
and they're really colourful,ย and she uses colour in music.
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๋Š”๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กญ๊ณ  ์Œ์•…์— ์ƒ‰์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:08
Moena is dyslexic. She has 'dyslexia', a conditionย which makes it difficult for her to spell, read,ย ย 
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๋ชจ์—๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•, ์ฝ๊ธฐ, ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด '๋‚œ๋…์ฆ'์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:14
and write. So when Moena's harp teacher wantedย her to play from written-down sheet music,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Moena์˜ ํ•˜ํ”„ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํžŒ ์•…๋ณด๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
22:20
her brain froze. And that's how the Rainbowย Harp was invented.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ Rainbow Harp๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:24
The strings of a Rainbowย Harp are 'colour-coded': different colours areย used to represent and separate out differentย ย 
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๋ ˆ์ธ๋ณด์šฐ ํ•˜ํ”„์˜ ์ค„์€ '์ƒ‰์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„'๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค„์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ
22:31
strings and to produce different notes.ย It's a great idea and an inclusive wayย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย  ์ด๋Š”
22:36
for disabled musicians to share theirย  talent with music fans across the UK.
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์žฅ์• ์ธ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ์Œ์•… ํŒฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ด์ž ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:41
Which reminds me of my question, Georgie.
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๋‚ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”, ์กฐ์ง€.
22:44
Right, you asked me which London music venue wasย awarded top marks for making music accessibleย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€์™€ ์ฒญ์ค‘์ด ์Œ์•…์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์Œ์•… ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ์ด ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:51
for disabled musicians and audiences. I guessedย it was the Royal Albert Hall. So, was I right?
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. ๋กœ์—ด ์•จ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ™€์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด ๋ง์ด ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
22:57
Good guess, Georgie, but that was the wrongย answer, I'm afraid. The good news for allย ย 
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์ข‹์€ ์ถ”์ธก์ด๋„ค์š”, Georgie. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:03
music fans living in London is that the Southย Bank Centre is accessible, ready, and waiting.
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์Œ์•… ํŒฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ South Bank Center๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:09
Okay, let's recap the vocabularyย we've learned in this program,ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”,
23:12
starting with 'lived experience': theย  things that someone has experiencedย ย 
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'์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
23:17
personally for themselves rather than heardย or read about.
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๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:20
If something is 'accessible',ย it enables everyone to have equal opportunitiesย and experiences regardless of their abilities.ย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ '์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ'ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:28
To 'mass-produce' something means to 'makeย many copies of it cheaply in a factory',ย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ '๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ'ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋œป์ธ
23:33
whereas a 'bespoke' product has been made speciallyย for one person in particular. A 'dyslexic' personย ย 
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, '๋งž์ถคํ˜•' ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ํŠน์ • ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋‚œ๋…์ฆ' ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
23:39
has dyslexia, a condition making it difficultย for them to spell, read, or write.
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์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•, ์ฝ๊ธฐ, ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋‚œ๋…์ฆ์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
And finally,ย things which are 'colour-coded' use differentย colours to represent different parts or functions.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ƒ‰์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„'๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:51
Once again, our six minutes are up,ย  but remember to join us again nextย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ 6๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๋ฒˆ์—
23:55
time here at Six Minute English. Goodbye for now!
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ Six Minute English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
23:57
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
24:03
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6 Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ด์—์š”.
24:07
And I'm Alice.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:08
Oh, sorry, wait a minute, Neil.ย I'm just finishing this book. Okay,ย ย 
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์•„, ๋ฏธ์•ˆ, ์ž ๊น๋งŒ, ๋‹.ย  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋ง‰ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:13
last page... nearly there. A fantastic book.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€... ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฑ….
24:18
Well, I'm glad you enjoyed that. I'mย  glad you finished your book there,ย ย 
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์Œ, ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ตฐ์š”. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ป์š”,
24:22
Alice. We are talking about books in today'sย program. What was it you were reading there?
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์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
24:28
Oh, no, never mind, Neil. It's not yourย  kind of book. You wouldn't like it.
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์˜ค, ์•„๋‡จ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ๋‹. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:32
Well, how do you know?
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„?
24:33
Well, I just think you might readย  something a little more intellectual.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์ง€์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฝ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
24:37
Oh, I see. Well, we are talking about the kind ofย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
24:40
books people read and whatย they say about them today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ๋Š” ์ฑ…์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:44
Yes, perhaps you read the works of a famousย writer, the classics: Charles Dickens,ย Shakespeare.
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์˜ˆ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ ์ฐฐ์Šค ๋””ํ‚จ์Šค, ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ์ „ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:50
People will think you are anย intellectual. You can show off by readingย these books, the classics.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง€์‹์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:56
Or perhaps you readย popular novels or romantic fiction, a light,ย easy read.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ ์†Œ์„ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:01
When you go on holiday, maybe toย the beach, what kind of books do you read,ย ย 
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ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋‚˜์š”?,
25:05
and what do you read when you're going to work?
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์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฝ๋‚˜์š”?
25:08
We're going to hear part of a BBC interviewย with David Adshead from the Commuter Bookย ย 
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Commuter Book Club์˜ David Adshead์™€์˜ BBC ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:12
Club. A commuter travels to work by bus, train,ย or, here in London, the tubeโ€”a train that goesย all over the city, mostly underground.
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. ํ†ต๊ทผ์ž๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค, ๊ธฐ์ฐจ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์ „์—ญ์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ๋กœ ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ถœ๊ทผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:21
And Alice,ย as usual, we have a quiz question. Are you ready?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Alice์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ‰์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค€๋น„๋๋‚˜์š”?
25:24
Oh, yes, absolutely.
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์•„, ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ .
25:26
Okay, so it's about classic book sales.ย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ „ ์„œ์  ํŒ๋งค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:29
So, these days, are people buying: A. More classic books?ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์š”์ฆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. A. ๊ณ ์ „ ์„œ์ ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:33
B. The same number of classic books? C. Fewer classic books than they used to?
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B. ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์ „ ์ฑ…? C. ์˜ˆ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์ „์ฑ…์ด ์ ๋‚˜์š”?
25:39
Oh, that's an interesting one. Tricky to guess,ย but I'm going to say C: fewer classic books.
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์•„, ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋„ค์š”. ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ C๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ „ ๋„์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:46
Okay, well, let's find out the answerย  at the end of the program. But now,ย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ
25:51
here is David Adshead from the Commuter Book Club.ย ย 
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์€ Commuter Book Club์˜ David Adshead์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:54
What kind of book does he say peopleย  usually take with them to the beach?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ๋ณดํ†ต ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋˜๊ฐ€์š” ?
26:01
People often think that, you know, traditionallyย you take a light, easy read for the beach. Andย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
26:06
on the train, you maybe read somethingย very different, if only to show off.
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ƒ‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:10
Exactly, to appear to others to be moreย intellectual. But actually, what we'reย ย 
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
26:15
finding is that it really comes down to theย individualโ€”what they like to read. And actually,ย ย 
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ,
26:21
we've seen this summer a lot of the book salesย of some reads is generally sort of lighter books,ย ย 
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์˜ฌ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋„์„œ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ฑ…์ด๊ณ ,
26:28
easier to get on with, to take awayย  on holiday. But the big retailersย ย 
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ํœด๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ํœด๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ฑ…์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์†Œ๋งค์—…์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š”
26:31
have seen a shift, actually, peopleย  moving sort of slightly higher brow,ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆˆ์น์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋†’์ด ์›€์ง์—ฌ
26:35
taking away more classic books.ย Sales in that way have increased.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ์ „ ์ฑ…์„ ๋นผ์•—๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:40
David Adshead from the Commuter Bookย Club there. He says that people usually,ย ย 
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Commuter Book Club์˜ David Adshead์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
26:45
traditionally, take a light, easyย read to the beach or on the train.
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ํ•ด๋ณ€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:49
Yes, he says these books areย easier to get on with. Davidย ย 
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. David๋Š”
26:53
says that it really comes down to the individual;ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:55
each person is different. But he says that thereย has been a shift, a change, in what people read.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:01
Yes, he says that the shops that sellย  booksโ€”that's the retailersโ€”say the booksย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ , ์ฆ‰ ์†Œ๋งค์—…์ฒด์—์„œ
27:06
people are buying are more highbrow,ย  the classics, as we were talking about.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:11
Absolutely. Highbrow booksย are read by intellectuals,ย ย 
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ. ๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ์ฑ…์€ ์ง€์‹์ธ์ด ์ฝ๋Š” ์ฑ…
27:14
or perhaps the people who readย  these books are just showing off.
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์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:18
Yes, maybe they are. Well, I wonderย  if these people have read any booksย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด Fiona Harper์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:23
by Fiona Harper. She writes romanticย  novels, that story is about love.
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:27
Mmm, reading, not highbrow. She was alsoย at this interview about the Commuter Bookย ย 
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์Œ, ๋…์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ตฐ์š”. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” Commuter Book Club์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—๋„ ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:32
Club. Now, do commuters read herย  romantic novels on the tube? Well,ย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ํ†ต๊ทผ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์ฝ๋‚˜์š”? ์Œ,
27:38
here is novelist Fiona Harper talking aboutย how she writes her romantic novels. She wantsย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€ Fiona Harper๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
27:43
people to not stop reading her stories onceย they start; she wants them to be hooked:
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‘น ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:49
I think what it comes down to most of the timeย is you just want to write a really good story,ย ย 
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐย ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:55
because if you write a good story, then hopefullyย people are hooked, they'll be turning the pages.
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์ข‹์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‘น ๋น ์ ธ์„œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
28:00
And do you think, do you wonder whetherย they're reading them on holiday? I mean,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํœด์ผ์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‚ด ๋ง์€,
28:04
presumably they're more likely toย  read your stuff on holiday than whenย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํœด์ผ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:08
they're sitting on the tube beingย  looked at by lots of other people.
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.
28:11
I don't know, possibly. Although with theย advent of e-readers, you can read anythingย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. e-๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
28:15
you like and no one knows, or on yourย  phone. No one knows what you're reading.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์—์„œ๋„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:18
Well, well, and that's an important point.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์•ผ.
28:21
That's the author Fiona Harperย  talking about her romantic novels. So,ย ย 
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์ž‘๊ฐ€ Fiona Harper๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์†Œ์„ค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
28:25
do commuters read her books on the tube?
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ํ†ต๊ทผ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋‚˜์š”?
28:28
Well, perhaps you don't want others toย  see you reading that stuff. It can beย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:31
a bit embarrassingโ€”it shouldn't be. Butย Fiona says you can also use an e-reader.
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๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‹นํ™ฉ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Fiona๋Š” e-reader๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:36
An e-reader, that's an electronic book.ย  Instead of pages, you read off a screen.
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e-reader๋Š” ์ „์ž์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:42
Well, if you use an e-reader or tablet,ย  no one knows what you're reading,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, e-๋ฆฌ๋”๋‚˜ ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:46
so perhaps they're reading aย  romantic novel, and no one knows.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:50
Okay, let's take a moment toย look at some of today's words,ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
28:53
Alice. Here they are: intellectual, show off,ย the classics, romantic fiction, light read,ย ย 
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Alice. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ง€์ , ๊ณผ์‹œ,ย ๊ณ ์ „, ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑ ์†Œ์„ค, ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๊ธฐ,
29:04
heavy read, retailers, highbrow,ย  shift, hooked, advent, e-reader.
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๋งŽ์ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ, ์†Œ๋งค์—…์ฒด, ์ง€์‹์ธ, ๊ต๋Œ€๊ทผ๋ฌด, ๋งคํ˜น, ์ถœํ˜„, e-๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:16
And before we go, the answer to today's quizย question. I asked about classic books.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „ ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
29:23
Are people these days buying: A. More classic books?ย 
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? A. ๊ณ ์ „ ์„œ์ ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
29:28
B. The same number of classic books? C. Fewer classic books than they used to?
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B. ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์ „ ์ฑ…? C. ์˜ˆ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์ „์ฑ…์ด ์ ๋‚˜์š”?
29:34
Yes, and I said C, fewer classic books.
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์˜ˆ, C๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ณ ์ „ ์ฑ…์ด ์ ์–ด์š”.
29:38
Well, I'm afraid to say,ย Alice, that you're wrong there.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋‹˜, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:42
I know. They're reading more classic books.
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์•Œ์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ์ „ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:44
Oh, excellent! Sales in theseย books are apparently increasing.
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์•„, ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ด์š”! ์ด ์ฑ…์˜ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:48
Well, that's good to hear. Andย that's the end of today's ย ย 
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์Œ, ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ข‹๋„ค์š”. ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜
29:51
6 Minute English. Please do join us againย soon.
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6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
29:53
And keep reading books in English:ย highbrow classics or a lightย readโ€”it doesn't matter.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ณ ์ „์ด๋“  ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:59
It doesn't matter at all. Goodbye!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
30:01
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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