No more bosses - 6 Minute English

89,115 views ใƒป 2020-08-06

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:07
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:08
BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
And I'm Georgina.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:12
After working together at BBC Learning
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BBC Learning English์—์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•œ ํ›„
00:14
English for many years, Georgina,
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, Georgina,
00:16
you and I have a
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ
00:17
good working relationship, don't we?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Sure, I think we make a great team!
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:22
But have you ever had a boss who
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:23
you just couldn't work with?
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:25
Oh, you mean a bad boss - someone
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์˜ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
you just can't get on with no matter
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด๋„ ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:29
how hard you try.
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.
00:30
Yes, I've had one or two over the
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๋„ค, ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:32
years - not you of course, Neil!
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ , ๋‹!
00:34
I'm glad to hear it, Georgina! Often this
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๊ธฐ๋ป์š”, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜! ์ข…์ข… ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:37
happens because workers feel
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๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:38
they aren't listened
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00:39
to by managers. Or it might be because
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. ๋˜๋Š”
00:42
most companies are hierarchies -
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์ค‘์š”๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
00:44
systems of organising
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์กฐ์งํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:46
people according to their
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00:47
level of importance.
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.
00:49
Managers on top, workers down below.
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์œ„์—๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์ง์›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
But in this programme we hear from
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ
00:54
companies who've got rid of
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ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž
00:56
managers and say it has
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00:57
helped them do a better job, made them
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๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋”
00:59
happier and saved money.
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
We'll meet a self-managing company
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01:03
which isn't hierarchical and has
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์œ„๊ณ„์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ 
01:05
no boss. And of course
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์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ž์œจ๊ฒฝ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก 
01:06
we'll be learning some new
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด
01:08
vocabulary along the way.
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์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
But first, today's quiz question.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ
01:12
One of the biggest problems in
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์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:13
hierarchies is the excess
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๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ
01:15
cost of management and bureaucracy.
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
But how much is that estimated
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งค๋…„
01:20
to cost the US economy
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:21
every year? Is it:
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?
01:23
a) 3 million dollars?, b) 3 billion dollars?,
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a) 300๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, b) 30์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ,
01:27
or c) 3 trillion dollars?
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c) 3์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:30
I'll say c) 3 trillion dollars - that's one
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c) 3์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ - 1
01:34
followed by twelve zeros - a lot of money!
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๋’ค์— 0์ด 12๊ฐœ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:38
OK, Georgina, we'll find out later if you're
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์ข‹์•„์š”, Georgina, ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”
01:40
right. Now, one of the first companies to
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. ์ด์ œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:42
experiment successfully with
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01:44
self-management was Californian
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„
01:47
tomato grower Morning Star.
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ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—…์ฒด์ธ Morning Star์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Here's one of their employees,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ง์› ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ธ
01:51
Doug Kirkpatrick, talking to Dina Newman
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Doug Kirkpatrick์ด
01:53
for the BBC World Service
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BBC World Service
01:55
programme, People Fixing the World:
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ People Fixing the World์—์„œ Dina Newman๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
The first principle was that human beings
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›์น™์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ
02:01
should not use force or
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ํญ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์••์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:03
coercion against other
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02:06
human beings. And the second
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. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
02:08
principle was that people should
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์›์น™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:10
keep the commitments they
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02:12
make to each other and so we adopted
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์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:14
them as pretty much the entire
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์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „์ฒด
02:17
governance of the
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๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:18
enterprise.
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.
02:20
Because Morning Star has no bosses,
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๋ชจ๋‹์Šคํƒ€์—๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํž˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ œ ์—†์ด
02:23
decisions are made by all employees
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์›์ด ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:25
equally without
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02:26
coercion - the use of force to persuade
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02:29
someone to do something
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02:30
they do not want to do.
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.
02:32
As self-managers, employees can't tell
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์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ง์›์€
02:34
other employees what to do.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์›์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Everything is based
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
02:37
on requesting someone to act
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์š”์ฒญ
02:40
and them responding.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
This motivates and empowers workers
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌ
02:43
but also means they must keep their
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์š”์ฒญ ์‹œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
02:45
commitments - promises
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02:47
or firm decisions to do
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ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ฝ์† ๋˜๋Š” ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:48
something when requested.
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.
02:50
This way of working is great for some -
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
they feel listened to and have
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:54
a voice in how the
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02:55
company is run.
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.
02:56
But Dina questions whether this is true for
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Dina๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
02:59
everybody working at Morning Star:
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Morning Star์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Would it be true to say that a
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03:04
self-managed company like yours
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๊ท€์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์ฒด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
03:06
empowers people who are
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03:07
already very good and it leaves behind
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
03:09
those who are not so good?
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๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:11
I'm not sure I accept the phrase 'left
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๋‚˜๋Š” '๋’ค์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค
03:14
behind'. There are some people
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.
03:17
who take full advantage
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03:18
of this environment; others take less
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์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ต์„ ๋œ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
advantage but they do benefit
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03:24
because their voice is
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
03:25
respected, when they do propose
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์กด์ค‘๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ
03:27
something it must be listened to,
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๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ
03:29
they are not subject
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€
03:31
to force and coercion and if they don't act
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๊ฐ•์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ•์••์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ์†์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด
03:33
according to their commitments
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03:35
they can be
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03:36
held accountable by anyone.
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
03:39
Having no bosses sounds great, but the
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์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
03:42
extra responsibility can create
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋”
03:44
more work and stress.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๊ณผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Different workers respond to this in
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…์ž๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:48
different ways and some employees
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง์›์€
03:49
may be left behind
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๋’ค์ณ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:50
- remain at a lower level than others
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:53
because they are not as quick to develop.
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.
03:56
However other workers enjoy managing
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง์›๋“ค์€
03:58
themselves and take full advantage
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ
04:00
of the system - make
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04:01
good use of the opportunity to improve
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๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:04
and achieve their goals.
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.
04:05
No matter whether employees are good
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์ง์›์ด
04:08
self-managers or not, ultimately
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์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์›์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜
04:10
they are held accountable
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04:11
for their work performance - asked to
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์—…๋ฌด ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:13
accept responsibility for the
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:15
consequences of their
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04:16
actions.
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04:17
So, although having no boss sounds
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:19
good, if things go wrong, there's
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์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๋ฉด
04:21
no-one to blame but
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
04:22
yourself!
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๋ฟ!
04:24
So maybe we do need those managers
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
after all - which reminds me of our
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04:29
quiz question.
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
You asked me to estimate how much the
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๋‹น์‹ ์€
04:32
US economy loses in excess
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๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ
04:34
bureaucracy and managerial
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ
04:35
costs every year.
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๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งค๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ž…๋Š”์ง€ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
And you said?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค?
04:39
c) 3 trillion dollars.
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c) 3์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ.
04:42
Which was absolutely right! Well done!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”!
04:44
And the cost keeps rising because,
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๋ฌผ๋ก 
04:45
of course, the more managers there are,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก
04:47
the more managers
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04:48
you need to manage the managers!
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:51
Today we've been looking at the world
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:53
of self-management - companies run
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์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์€
04:55
without bosses, which, unlike
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04:56
most businesses, are not based on
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฌ ์—†์ด ์šด์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ค‘์š”๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
04:58
a hierarchy - system of organising
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์กฐ์งํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:00
people according to
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05:02
their level of importance.
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.
05:03
Instead companies like San Francisco's
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์˜
05:06
Morning Star allow employees to make
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๋ชจ๋‹์Šคํƒ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์••์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ์„ค๋“์„
05:08
their own commitments
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05:09
- promises to act, rather than using
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:12
coercion - or forceful persuasion -
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05:14
to get results.
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.
05:15
Many employees react positively to this
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘
05:18
working environment and take full
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ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:20
advantage of it
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
05:21
- make good use of the opportunity
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05:23
to progress or achieve their goals.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
However, there is a risk that others who
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
05:28
are more comfortable being
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๋” ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ
05:29
managed may get left
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋’ค์ณ์งˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ์ ์‘์ด ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
05:30
behind - remain at a lower level than
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:32
others because they are not as
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05:34
quick to improve and
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05:35
adapt.
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.
05:37
But whatever their job role or feelings
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง๋ฌด ์—ญํ• ์ด๋‚˜
05:39
about self-management, all workers
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์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋Š”
05:41
are held accountable
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05:42
- asked to accept responsibility for their
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:45
performance at work.
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.
05:46
Meaning they take can the credit
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05:48
for when things go well -
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์ผ์ด ์ž˜ ํ’€๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๊ณต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜
05:49
but have nobody to hide behind
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:52
when things go badly!
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์ผ์ด ๋‚˜์  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋’ค์— ์ˆจ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:53
That's all from us today, but remember
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
05:55
to join us again soon for
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05:56
more topical discussion
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ํ† ๋ก 
05:57
and related vocabulary here at 6 Minute
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๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
06:00
English from BBC Learning English.
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.
06:02
Bye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
06:03
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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