Will Covid-19 change cities? 6 Minute English

109,402 views ใƒป 2020-08-20

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:07
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:10
English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
And Iโ€™m Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
From the bubonic plague to cholera and
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์„  ํŽ˜์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
00:15
tuberculosis,
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00:17
disease and pandemics have changed the way
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์€ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:19
cities have been built. For example, buildings
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
00:22
in 19th century Paris were designed with large,
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€
00:26
high-up windows to allow plenty of sunlight.
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ํ–‡๋น›์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
They were supposed to stop the spread of
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:31
tuberculosis.
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.
00:32
Coronavirus has been no different. In
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
lockdown, cities from Rio to Barcelona
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ํ์‡„๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋Š”
00:38
were transformed as wildlife and
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์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ
00:41
birdsong replaced the noise
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์ƒˆ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:42
of taxi horns and traffic. And with no car
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ํƒ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ณผ ๊ตํ†ต ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ
00:45
pollution you could even see the stars at
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๊ณตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ๋ฐค์—๋„ ๋ณ„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:48
night!
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!
00:49
In this programme weโ€™ll be asking if cities
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:51
after lockdown will ever be the same again
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๋ด‰์‡„ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€,
00:53
โ€“ and if we want them to be.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„
00:55
Weโ€™ll be hearing some ideas from different
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:57
cities around the world.
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.
00:59
And of course weโ€™ll be learning some new
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:01
vocabulary along the way. One of the cities
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.
01:04
most affected by Covid-19 was Mumbai in India
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Covid-19์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ๋„์‹œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:07
โ€“ but approximately how many people
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
01:09
were affected? Whatโ€™s the estimated
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:12
population of Mumbai? Thatโ€™s my quiz
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๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:14
question for you today Rob. Is it:
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rob.
01:16
a) 15 million people?
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a) 1,500๋งŒ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:18
b) 20 million people? Or,
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b) 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…? ๋˜๋Š”,
01:20
c) 25 million people?
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c) 2,500๋งŒ ๋ช…?
01:22
I know Mumbai is an international mega-city
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์ €๋Š” ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:26
so Iโ€™ll say b) 20 million people.
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b) ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
OK, Rob, weโ€™ll find out later if thatโ€™s
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋กญ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ž
01:33
right. Now, Beatriz Colomina is a
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. ํ˜„์žฌ Beatriz Colomina๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
01:35
professor of architecture at Princeton
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Princeton University์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:37
University in
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01:38
the United States. Sheโ€™s spent years
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
01:41
researching the relationship between
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01:43
cities and disease.
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๋„์‹œ์™€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋…„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Here she is talking with Kavita Puri,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
01:47
presenter of BBC World Service
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BBC World Service
01:49
programme, The Inquiry:
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Inquiry:
01:51
Take tuberculosis. Unlike cholera, which was
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Take tuberculosis์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž์ธ Kavita Puri์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1850๋…„๋Œ€์—
01:55
eliminated in London by re-designing the sewage
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์€
01:58
system in the 1850s, TB was airborne.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
It became a real problem with the rise of
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฐ์—… ๋„์‹œ, ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:06
the industrial cities, the metropolis, before
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02:09
an antibiotic was effective.
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.
02:10
One in seven people on the planet had TB,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ 7๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ง€
02:14
but in dense cities like Paris, it was one
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๋งŒ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” 3๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:18
in three. Closely packed tenements meant the
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. ๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ๊ณต๋™ ์ฃผํƒ์€
02:21
disease spread like wildfire and architects
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€
02:24
and planning experts responded.
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์™€ ๊ณ„ํš ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Some diseases, like cholera, could be
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์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€
02:29
prevented
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02:30
by redesigning cities to improve hygiene,
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02:33
like the waste water sewers in 19th century
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ํ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:36
London. But the problem with tuberculosis,
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ต,
02:39
or TB for short, was that the disease is airborne
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์ค„์—ฌ์„œ TB์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
02:43
โ€“ carried and spread in the air.
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ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด๋ฐ˜๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ํผ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
Adding to the problem was the fact that
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:48
antibiotics โ€“ medicines like penicillin that
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02:51
can destroy harmful bacteria or stop their
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ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝ์ธ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€
02:53
growth โ€“ was not discovered until 1928 โ€“
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1928๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
too late to save the thousands of people
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02:59
who died in Mumbai,
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03:00
New York, Paris and other cities during the
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03:02
1800s.
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03:03
Diseases like TB killed more and more people
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๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€
03:07
as cities industrialised and grew bigger and
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ ์  ๋”
03:09
bigger, leading to the creation of the
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์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•œ
03:12
metropolis โ€“ the largest, busiest and
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03:14
most important city in a country or region.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Many people crowded together in large
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:19
metropolises
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03:20
meaning that disease could spread like
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋“ค๋ถˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
wildfire โ€“ an idiom meaning spread
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๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
03:24
quickly around many people.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Even today disease is shaping our cities.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
In post-Covid Paris, new ideas for a โ€™15
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ '15
03:32
minute cityโ€™ aim to make all public
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๋ถ„ ๋„์‹œ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ณต
03:34
services available within a fifteen minute
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์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„๋ณด 15๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:37
walk to help people working from home.
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.
03:39
Other countries want to build better, more
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
03:42
affordable housing outside the city centre.
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๋„์‹ฌ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์— ๋” ์ข‹๊ณ  ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
But according to Mumbai resident
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”
03:46
Dr Vaidehi Tandel this wonโ€™t work โ€“ even
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Vaidehi Tandel ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ๋” ์ข‹๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:49
if the housing on offer is better. But why?
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™œ?
03:53
The reason is work.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
When you shift them out, youโ€™re moving them
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„
03:57
away from their livelihoods and theyโ€™re
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ
03:58
not going to be able to sustain themselves
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:00
there so they will be coming back
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04:02
because their jobs are in the city and they
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง์—…์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:04
cannot afford the commute from further
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ํ†ต๊ทผํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
off places.
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์žฅ์†Œ.
04:08
Dr Vaidehi Tandel there, talking on the BBC
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ The Inquiry์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Vaidehi Tandel ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ
04:11
World Service programme The Inquiry.
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04:13
Trying to make cities less crowded is one
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋œ ๋ถ๋น„๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:16
way to minimise the risks from disease.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
But moving people away from the city
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:20
centre means moving them away from
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04:22
their livelihood โ€“ their job or other way of
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์ƒ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ, ์ฆ‰
04:24
earning money to pay for
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04:26
food, housing and clothing.
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์Œ์‹, ์ฃผํƒ, ์˜๋ณต์— ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Many people still want to live near their
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘๊ณผ ์ง์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ†ต๊ทผ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„์‹ฌ์˜ ์ง์žฅ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:30
workplace in the city centre because they
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04:32
canโ€™t afford to pay for the commute โ€“ the
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04:35
journey between their home and their
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04:37
place of work.
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04:37
Which is real problem when you live in a
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.
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด ๋•Œ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
04:39
city ofโ€ฆ how many people did you say live
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โ€ฆ
04:42
in Mumbai, Neil?
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04:44
Ah yes, in our quiz question I asked you what
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์•„ ์˜ˆ, ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ
04:47
the estimated population of Mumbai is.
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๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
I said b) 20 million.
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๋‚˜๋Š” b) 2์ฒœ๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
And you were absolutely right! Around 20 million
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:55
people live in the Mumbai metropolis, making
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๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด
04:57
it very difficult to socially distance.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
In this programme weโ€™ve been discussing
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:02
the relationship between cities and disease.
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๋„์‹œ์™€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
In the 1800s, tuberculous, or TB, killed thousands
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1800๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ฒฐํ•ต, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์€
05:10
because it was an airborne disease โ€“ spread
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05:13
in the air, and hard to prevent.
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๊ณต์ค‘์— ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์•—์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
Antibiotics โ€“ medicinal chemicals like
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ โ€“
05:17
penicillin which can destroy harmful
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ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์•ฝ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ
05:19
germs, couldnโ€™t help because they werenโ€™t
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:22
discovered until decades later.
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05:24
So in metropolises โ€“ the largest and most
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:27
important cities, where people live crowded
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:30
close together, diseases spread like wildfire
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
โ€“ an idiom meaning spread widely and quickly.
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๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
In Mumbai and other places, the problem remains
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๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:39
that many people need the city for their livelihood
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
05:42
โ€“ job or other way of earning money.
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์ง์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
So they prefer to live in the city centre
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ง์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€
05:47
instead of paying for the daily commute โ€“ a
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05:49
journey, often by train, bus or car, from
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์ข…์ข… ๊ธฐ์ฐจ, ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ†ต๊ทผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋„์‹ฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:52
your home to your workplace.
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05:53
Thatโ€™s all we have time for in this programme, but remember
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ BBC Learning English์—์„œ
05:56
you can find more useful vocabulary, trending
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๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜, ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”
05:59
topics and help with your language learning
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
06:01
here at BBC Learning English. Bye for now!
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
06:04
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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