Formal English and informal English - BBC English Masterclass

495,622 views ใƒป 2016-11-07

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, Sian here for BBC Learning English. In this Masterclass we're going to look at some
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, BBC Learning English์˜ ์‹œ์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”
00:05
differences between formal and informal English.
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๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Hey, how's it going? Good afternoon, how are you?
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ํ—ค์ด ์–ด๋•Œ์š”? ์•ˆ๋…• ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด?
00:18
Sometimes formal and informal can seem like two different languages. In the same
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹๊ณผ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์—
00:24
way you wouldn't normally wear shorts and a t-shirt to a job interview, if you use language
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ”์ง€์™€ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
00:29
that's too formal or too informal, you can give a bad impression. Let's look at some
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
differences between formal and informal English. Now, I received an email this morning. Have
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๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
a look at this email - do you think the language is formal or informal - and why?
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์ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:50
Dear Mrs Brown,
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์นœ์• ํ•˜๋Š” Mrs Brown,
00:51
I'm writing to find out whether you have any jobs in your company this summer.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋‹น์‹  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
At the mo I'm studying Economics at uni.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
I have been working part-time in a shop and recently they promoted me to the role of manager.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฅด๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ €๋ฅผ ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €๋กœ ์Šน์ง„์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
I am enthusiastic. I work hard. I pay attention to detail.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ด์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์—์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Ok, so that email used informal language and it's too informal for this style of letter.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
01:13
We're going to look at four features that make this informal and we're going to change
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๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
01:18
it to make it more formal.
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Number one: choice of vocabulary. In informal English we use more common words and more
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ์–ดํœ˜ ์„ ํƒ. ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:28
phrasal verbs. For example here we have a phrasal verb: find out. It would be better
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ: find out์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
to use a more formal equivalent like enquire. Same with jobs, this is quite informal, so
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๋ฌธ์˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์—…๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:40
instead let's use vacancies here. Instead we have "I'm writing to enquire whether you
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ณต์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "๊ณต์„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:49
have any vacancies."
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."
01:52
Number two. It's more common in informal language to use abbreviations, contractions, shortened
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ. ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ์–ด, ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•, ์ถ•์•ฝ
02:01
forms of verbs. Let's have a look. So, here we have at the mo, which is short for at the
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ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ at the mo๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ(at the moment)์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:08
moment. This is OK when you're speaking, but not when you're writing. Here, we could use
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. ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š”
02:13
currently which is even more formal. Same here, uni is short for university, so don't
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ uni๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:20
use this short form in a letter. "Currently, I am studying Economics at university."
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์ด ์งง์€ ํ˜•์‹์„ ํŽธ์ง€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. "ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:28
Quite often in formal language we choose passive structures over active. Let's have a look
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ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
here. The active sentences they promoted me is quite informal - it'd be much better to
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์Šน์ง„์‹œํ‚จ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
use a passive form here to make it more formal: I was promoted. So, "Recently I was promoted
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์ตœ๊ทผ์—
02:50
to the role of manager." This doesn't mean don't use active structures in a formal letter,
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๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €๋กœ ์Šน์ง„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽธ์ง€์—์„œ ๋Šฅ๋™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:57
but have a think about whether a passive one is more appropriate.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜๋™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
03:01
Finally, in informal English, short, simple sentences are much more common. Whereas in
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
03:09
formal English, we use more complex structures. Take a look at this one. Here
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ ์ข€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—
03:15
we have three short, simple sentences and this is fine in informal English, but in formal
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์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:21
English it's better to use a complex structure. We can do this by adding relative pronouns
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ง์ปค๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:27
or linkers. For example, "I am an enthusiastic person who works hard and pays attention to detail.
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
So, would you kindly visit our website... ah, we're friends, that's too formal. Go to
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ... ์•„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
our website bbclearningenglish.com for more information about this and to practise formal
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ณต์‹
03:58
and informal English. See you soon - goodbye!
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๋ฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์˜์–ด ์—ฐ์Šต ๊ณง ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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