BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'The natural world' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

124,084 views

2024-02-04 ใƒป BBC Learning English


New videos

BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'The natural world' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

124,084 views ใƒป 2024-02-04

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
6 Minute English
0
920
1480
00:02
from BBC Learning English.
1
2520
2680
BBC ํ•™์Šต ์˜์–ด์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด.
00:05
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Sam.
2
5920
4040
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ด์—์š”.
00:10
And I'm Neil. The 20th of July 1969 was a big day in history. Do you know why, Sam?
3
10080
6640
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ด์—์š”. 1969๋…„ 7์›” 20์ผ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ์ธ์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”, ์ƒ˜?
00:16
Wasn't that when Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon?
4
16840
3440
๋‹ ์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ฐœ์„ ๋””๋”˜ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:20
Right. But it's often forgotten that some of the most dramatic photographs taken
5
20400
4480
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„ํด๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž„๋ฌด์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
00:25
on the Apollo space mission weren't of the Moon at all, they were of Earth.
6
25000
4840
๋‹ฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ดฌ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ข…์ข… ์žŠํ˜€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
It wasn't until we went to the Moon that we really saw the size of Earth's oceans
7
29960
4600
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ 
00:34
and named ourselves the Blue Planet.
8
34680
2840
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ(Blue Planet)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Despite most of our planet being covered by water,
9
37640
3160
์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
00:40
the ocean remains a place of unexplored mystery,
10
40920
3520
๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š”
00:44
of sea monsters like Moby Dick, and the Kraken.
11
44560
3240
๋ชจ๋น„๋”•์ด๋‚˜ ํฌ๋ผ์ผ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๊ดด๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:47
In this programme, we'll be diving into the deep seas,
12
47920
3360
์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌํ•ด๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด
00:51
seeing some of its strange sights,
13
51400
2120
๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
00:53
and, as usual, learning some related vocabulary too.
14
53640
3280
ํ‰์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
But before that, I have a question for you, Sam.
15
57040
2720
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์—, ์ƒ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:59
You were right when you said that most of the Earth is covered by water.
16
59880
4000
์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์€ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
But do you know exactly how much of the Earth's surface is ocean?
17
64000
3880
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
01:08
Is it a) 50%? b) 60%? Or c) 70%?
18
68000
5720
a) 50%์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? b) 60%? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด c) 70%?
01:13
Well, it is called the Blue Planet, so I'll say c) 70%.
19
73840
4880
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ Blue Planet์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏ€๋กœ c) 70%๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
OK. I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
20
78840
3040
์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
The first thing to say about the deep ocean is that the rules of life down there
21
82000
4600
๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์€
01:26
are very different from the rules on land.
22
86720
2640
์œก์ง€์˜ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Sunlight cannot reach the very bottom of the ocean,
23
89480
2560
ํ–‡๋น›์€ ๊นŠ์€ ์‹ฌ์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ 2~3km ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ
01:32
a place between two and three kilometres down, known as the deep abyss,
24
92160
3640
01:35
so it is totally dark and extremely cold
25
95920
3280
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๊ณ 
01:39
and the weight of water creates massive amounts of pressure.
26
99320
3720
๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
This extreme environment is stranger than fiction,
27
103160
3160
์ด ๊ทนํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์†Œ์„ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
01:46
and home to things which seem to be from another planet,
28
106440
3280
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰ ํ•ด์ €๋ฅผ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํ™”์‚ฐ ์˜จ์ฒœ์ธ
01:49
things like 'hydrothermal vents' โ€”
29
109840
2640
'์—ด์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์ถœ๊ตฌ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:52
volcanic hot springs which break through the ocean floor.
30
112600
3600
.
01:56
Oceanographer Alex Rogers joined an expedition
31
116320
3440
ํ•ด์–‘ํ•™์ž ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค ๋กœ์ €์Šค(Alex Rogers)๋Š” ๋‚จ๊ทน ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ
01:59
which discovered a hydrothermal vent in the ocean near Antarctica.
32
119880
4120
์—ด์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์ถœ๊ณต์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ํƒํ—˜๋Œ€์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:04
He told his story to BBC World Service programme Discovery.
33
124120
4080
๊ทธ๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Discovery์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:09
Well, the first problem is actually finding them,
34
129440
2920
์Œ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
because they cover a very small area,
35
132480
2560
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
so it's literally like trying to find a needle in a haystack.
36
135160
3800
๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฑด์ดˆ ๋”๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
But when you do come across them, I mean, the deep ocean is food-limited,
37
139080
4200
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ์‹ฌํ•ด์—๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ
02:23
so life is quite thin on the ground,
38
143400
2280
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
and then suddenly your camera just stumbles into this area
39
145800
4320
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ํ•ด์ € ์ „์ฒด์— ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
where there is just abundant life all over the sea floor and around these vents.
40
150240
6320
์ด ํ†ตํ’๊ตฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€.
02:37
Alex says that finding these small thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean
41
157720
3960
Alex๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ์—ด ํ†ตํ’๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:41
is like 'finding a needle in a haystack', an idiom meaning 'almost impossible to find
42
161800
5040
'๊ฑด์ดˆ ๋”๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ'์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” '
02:46
because the area you have to search is so large'.
43
166960
3520
๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์ €์—๋Š”
02:50
Because there's no sunlight on the ocean floor,
44
170600
2720
ํ–‡๋น›์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:53
it's hard for plants and creatures to survive,
45
173440
2800
์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
so forms of life are 'thin on the ground' โ€” there are only a few of them.
46
176360
5520
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” '์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ ์–‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค '. ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋งŒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Alex cannot find anything to film with his camera, until suddenly he nears the vent
47
182000
5280
์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํ™˜ํ’๊ตฌ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
03:07
and sees plants and animals everywhere.
48
187400
2840
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Here, there is more than enough, or abundant, life.
49
190360
4160
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
To picture a hydrothermal vent, imagine an underwater volcano.
50
194640
4080
์—ด์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์ถœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ํ™”์‚ฐ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:18
Billowing clouds of what looks like smoke
51
198840
2760
์—ฐ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด
03:21
heat the seawater to a temperature of 386ยฐC.
52
201720
4920
๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์„ 386ยฐC์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
This creates a warm environment of all kinds of weird and wonderful creatures,
53
206760
4080
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™˜ํ’
03:30
including vent mussels, tube worms and blind 'yeti crabs',
54
210960
3720
ํ™ํ•ฉ, ์„œ๊ด€๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ, ํ„ธ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐœํ†ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†Œ์œ„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งน์ธ '์˜ˆํ‹ฐ ๊ฒŒ'๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘
03:34
so called because of their hairy claws,
55
214800
2360
03:37
some of which get cooked because the water is so hot.
56
217280
3000
์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์„œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
What's amazing is that while these vents may be as old as Earth itself,
57
220400
4600
๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์€ ์ด ๋ถ„์ถœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋งŒํผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:45
they were only discovered in the 1970s.
58
225120
3360
1970๋…„๋Œ€์—์•ผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
So, are there more mysteries hiding in the deep ocean?
59
228600
3400
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:52
That's the question BBC World Service's Discovery
60
232120
3200
BBC World Service์˜ Discovery๊ฐ€
03:55
asked marine biologist Kerry Howell. Here's what she said.
61
235440
4040
ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์ธ Kerry Howell์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €
04:00
I have absolutely no doubt that there is plenty more to discover down there.
62
240720
4520
์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
It's really vast, I mean, it's quite hard to get your head around
63
245360
2800
์ •๋ง ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•œ์ง€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•… ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:08
how vast the deep sea is, and it is most of our planet.
64
248280
3040
. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
So, and we've barely scratched the surface of exploration of this unique environment,
65
251440
5200
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋งŒ ๊ฐ„์‹ ํžˆ ๊ธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
and if you think that vents were only discovered in the '70s, you know,
66
256760
4040
๋ถ„์ถœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 70๋…„๋Œ€์—์•ผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ 
04:20
there's great potential for a lot else to come, I think.
67
260920
2840
๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
We've only been exploring this environment for the last 150 years.
68
263880
3680
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 150๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
I mean, before that we didn't think there was any life down there at all.
69
267680
3360
๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ ์ „์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
So, it's a very young science, is deep sea biology.
70
271160
3240
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ Š์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ด๊ณ  ์‹ฌํ•ด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And so, there's, yeah, there's a lot more to discover. I have no doubt.
71
274520
2560
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚œ ์ „ํ˜€ ์˜์‹ฌ์น˜ ์•Š์•„.
04:38
In terms of ocean exploration,
72
278200
1800
ํ•ด์–‘ ํƒ์‚ฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
04:40
Kerry thinks we've only 'scratched the surface' โ€”
73
280120
2520
์ผ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋งŒ ๊ธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
04:42
found out a little bit about something, but not enough to fully understand it.
74
282760
4160
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
That's because the ocean is 'vast' โ€” extremely big.
75
287040
3960
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ '๊ด‘๋Œ€'ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:51
So vast, in fact, that it's 'hard to get your head around it',
76
291120
4280
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ '๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋‚˜',
04:55
or 'difficult to really understand'.
77
295520
2480
'์ •๋ง ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
04:58
But how vast exactly, Sam?
78
298120
1520
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”, ์ƒ˜?
04:59
In my question, I asked how much of the Earth's surface is covered by water.
79
299760
3880
๋‚ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Mm, and I said it was c) 70%.
80
303760
3120
์Œ, c) 70%๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:07
Which was the correct answer!
81
307000
1560
์ •๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:08
Well, 71% to be precise, but either way, it's hard to get your head around
82
308680
4680
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” 71%์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:13
or, difficult to fully understand.
83
313480
2200
์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
OK, we'd better recap the other vocabulary too,
84
315800
3120
์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
starting with the idiom, 'finding a needle in a haystack',
85
319040
3680
'๊ฑด์ดˆ ๋”๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋Š˜ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
meaning that something is almost impossible to find,
86
322840
3200
์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:26
because you have to search so widely for it.
87
326160
2920
.
05:29
If something is 'thin on the ground', there's very little of it,
88
329200
3360
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด 'thin on the ground'๋ผ๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:32
but if it's 'abundant', there's plenty or more than enough.
89
332680
3440
'ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฉด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
When you 'only scratch the surface',
90
336240
2200
'๋‹จ์ง€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋งŒ ๊ธ๋Š”' ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
05:38
you find out a little about something, but not enough to fully understand it.
91
338560
4680
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
And finally, 'vast' is another way of saying 'extremely large, huge or enormous'.
92
343360
4920
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” '๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค, ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
Unlike the vast oceans, our time is limited to just six minutes and it's up.
93
348400
5120
๊ด‘ํ™œํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹จ 6๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
So, join us again soon for more amazing adventures
94
353640
3040
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 6 Minute English์—์„œ ๋” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ชจํ—˜
05:56
and, of course, useful vocabulary, here at 6 Minute English.
95
356800
3840
๊ณผ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
06:00
โ€” Goodbye for now! โ€” Goodbye!
96
360760
1840
โ€” ์ด์ œ ์•ˆ๋…•! - ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
06:03
6 Minute English.
97
363560
1440
6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด.
06:05
From BBC Learning English.
98
365120
2600
BBC ํ•™์Šต ์˜์–ด์—์„œ.
06:08
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Sam.
99
368680
3960
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ด์—์š”.
06:12
And I'm Neil.
100
372760
1000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ด์—์š”. ๋”์šด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๋‚ 
06:13
Have you ever made a snowman or enjoyed a cold drink on a hot summer's day?
101
373880
5120
๋ˆˆ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์›ํ•œ ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒจ๋ณด์‹  ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š” ?
06:19
Slippery in winter and cooling in summer,
102
379120
3240
๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ์‹œ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:22
ice is made when water gets so cold it freezes.
103
382480
3840
๋ฌผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:26
But there's much more to ice than skiing holidays and cold drinks.
104
386440
4720
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Šคํ‚ค ํœด๊ฐ€์™€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ผ์Œ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
Yes, in an exciting discovery, the James Webb Space Telescope
105
391280
4400
๋„ค, ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์›น ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ
06:35
recently detected the coldest ices ever in outer space,
106
395800
4560
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ์–ผ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:40
something NASA scientists think could explain the origins of life on Earth.
107
400480
5360
๋‚˜์‚ฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
For years, scientists have debated how life started on our planet.
108
405960
4600
์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Billions of years ago, long before the dinosaurs, animals or even plants existed,
109
410680
5800
์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋…„ ์ „, ๊ณต๋ฃก, ๋™๋ฌผ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „์—
06:56
the Earth had a watery environment of oxygen-free gases and chemicals
110
416600
5520
์ง€๊ตฌ์—๋Š”
07:02
known as the 'primordial soup'.
111
422240
2640
'์›์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ”„'๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฌด์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
It had the potential for life to develop, but something was missing.
112
425000
4040
์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋น ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
So how did we jump from the 'primordial soup'
113
429160
3200
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ '์›์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ”„'์—์„œ
07:12
to the first living plants, animals, and eventually humans?
114
432480
3760
์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ, ๋™๋ฌผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋„์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:16
And how does ice fit into the story?
115
436360
2480
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ์Œ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๋งž๋‚˜์š”?
07:18
That's what we'll be finding out in this programme,
116
438960
2480
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋‚ด์šฉ
07:21
and, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
117
441560
4400
์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ‰์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
But first, I have a question for you, Neil.
118
446080
2480
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ €, Neil์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:28
We know ice is frozen water, but do you know the chemical symbol for water?
119
448680
5520
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ์ด ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:34
Is it a) H2O? b) HO2? Or c) H2O2?
120
454320
8640
a) H2O์ธ๊ฐ€? b) HO2? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด c) H2O2?
07:43
Well, I really hope I get this right. I think the answer is H2O.
121
463080
4720
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” H2O๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
07:47
OK. We'll find out or check if you're right later in the programme.
122
467920
4800
์ข‹์•„์š”. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์ธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Astronomer Professor Melissa McClure worked with the NASA scientists
123
472840
4600
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž ๋ฉœ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๋งฅํด๋ฃจ์–ด(Melissa McClure) ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์œ ๋กœํŒŒ์—์„œ ์–ผ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ NASA ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:57
who found ice on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons.
124
477560
3880
.
08:01
Here she explains to BBC World Service programme Science in Action
125
481560
4400
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Science in Action์—์„œ
08:06
one theory linking ice to the beginnings of life on Earth.
126
486080
4720
์–ผ์Œ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
08:11
There's sort of these two alternatives
127
491720
1800
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:13
for how you could have had life arise on Earth,
128
493640
2520
.
08:16
and one is that the very basic building blocks โ€”
129
496280
2800
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
08:19
like water and methane and CO2 โ€”
130
499200
3280
๋ฌผ, ๋ฉ”ํƒ„, CO2์™€
08:22
like, those molecules were definitely brought to Earth by ices in comets,
131
502600
4680
๊ฐ™์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
and maybe once they were on Earth, then they reacted with either geothermal heat
132
507400
4360
์ผ๋‹จ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ด
08:31
or some kind of lightning strike to form more complex molecules.
133
511880
4160
์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
Earth's primordial soup lacked the 'building blocks of life' โ€”
134
517120
3880
์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์›์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ”„์—๋Š” '์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
08:41
a phrase describing the most basic biological and chemical units
135
521120
4520
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ , ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋‹จ์œ„(
08:45
needed to support living things, elements like oxygen and carbon.
136
525760
4360
์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์š”์†Œ)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Professor McClure thinks these missing elements
137
530240
2640
McClure ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ์›์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ์€ ํ™๊ณผ ์–ผ์Œ ๊ณต์ธ
08:53
were brought to Earth in 'comets' โ€” large bright balls of dirt and ice
138
533000
5200
'ํ˜œ์„ฑ'์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:58
which travel around the Sun in outer space.
139
538320
3240
. ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋…„ ์ „
09:01
It's possible that when comets hit Earth billions of years ago,
140
541680
4200
ํ˜œ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋ถ€๋”ช์ณค์„ ๋•Œ
09:06
elements in the ice were scattered and struck by 'lightning' โ€”
141
546000
3640
์–ผ์Œ ์†์˜ ์›์†Œ๋“ค์ด '๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ'์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฉ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋Œํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
09:09
a bright flash of light produced by electricity moving in the atmosphere.
142
549760
4720
๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์€ ๋น›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
This resulted in the complex molecules needed for life on Earth.
143
554600
4280
์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
Exactly how this happened is not known,
144
559000
2480
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” DNA์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
09:21
but it involves 'biomolecules', molecules like DNA which are found in living things.
145
561600
6080
๋ถ„์ž์ธ '์ƒ์ฒด๋ถ„์ž'์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:27
Ice is not a biomolecule, but when it mixes with carbon,
146
567800
4080
์–ผ์Œ์€ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜๋ฉด
09:32
the atoms in ice molecules change to produce complex molecules
147
572000
4920
์–ผ์Œ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑ
09:37
and that's when interesting things start to happen.
148
577040
2880
ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋•Œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
Here's Professor McClure again,
149
580040
1880
McClure ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
09:42
explaining more to BBC World Service's Science in Action.
150
582040
3920
BBC World Service์˜ Science in Action์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:47
If they have a carbon atom in them then they're complex organic molecules,
151
587200
2840
ํƒ„์†Œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
so things like very simple alcohols, like methanol or ethanol,
152
590160
3880
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์˜ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
09:54
like what you would drink, are complex organic molecules
153
594160
3920
๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์ž์ด๋ฉฐ
09:58
and these molecules could react and start a sort of a reaction chain
154
598200
5560
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
that would eventually lead to something like a biomolecule.
155
603880
3560
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ถ„์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
Ice can react with other elements to create 'organic' molecules,
156
608480
4040
์–ผ์Œ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ '์œ ๊ธฐ' ๋ถ„์ž(
10:12
for example the alcohol, methanol.
157
612640
2680
์˜ˆ: ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ, ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์˜ฌ)๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Here, the adjective 'organic' means 'related to living plants and animals'.
158
615440
5360
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ '์œ ๊ธฐ๋†'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” '์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
10:20
That's different from how we use the word to talk about โ€˜organic food',
159
620920
4080
์ด๋Š” '์ธ๊ณต ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” '์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์‹ํ’ˆ
10:25
meaning 'food that hasn't been grown using artificial chemicals'.
160
625120
4400
'์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
10:29
When these organic molecules met the primordial soup, so the theory goes,
161
629640
5160
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์›์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ
10:34
it produced a 'chain reaction' โ€”
162
634920
2040
'์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘',
10:37
a series of chemical reactions in which one change causes another.
163
637080
5240
์ฆ‰ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
It was this chain reaction which created the first living cells
164
642440
4240
์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ
10:46
and eventually, humans.
165
646800
2280
์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
Quite impressive for a little piece of frozen water!
166
649200
2800
์ž‘์€ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ๋ฌผ ์กฐ๊ฐ์น˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
10:52
Speaking of water, Sam,
167
652120
1280
๋ฌผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ, ์ƒ˜,
10:53
what was the answer to your question about the chemical symbol for water?
168
653520
4320
๋ฌผ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
10:57
I said it was H2O.
169
657960
1960
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด H2O๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
Which was the right answer, Neil!
170
660840
2120
์ •๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”, ๋‹!
11:03
Each molecule of water, and ice, contains two atoms of H, that's hydrogen,
171
663080
5800
๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์–ผ์Œ์˜ ๊ฐ ๋ถ„์ž์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ H ์›์ž, ์ฆ‰ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฐ€
11:09
joined to one atom of oxygen.
172
669000
2520
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์›์ž์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from the programme,
173
671640
3400
์ž,
11:15
starting with 'primordial soup' โ€” the environment on Earth
174
675160
3960
'์›์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ”„'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
11:19
before there were any plants or animals, which created the conditions for life.
175
679240
4960
์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
The phrase the 'building blocks of life'
176
684320
2120
'์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
11:26
refers to the most basic biological and chemical units
177
686560
3480
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ , ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:30
needed to support living plants and animals.
178
690160
2680
.
11:32
A 'comet' is a large object travelling in space
179
692960
3400
'ํ˜œ์„ฑ'์€
11:36
which orbits the sun and has a bright, burning tail.
180
696480
3600
ํƒœ์–‘ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ๊ณ  ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
'Lightning' is a flash of bright light
181
700200
2120
'๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ'๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์€ ๋น›์˜ ์„ฌ๊ด‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:42
produced by electricity moving in the atmosphere.
182
702440
3080
.
11:45
The adjective 'organic' means relating to living plants and animals.
183
705640
4440
'์œ ๊ธฐ์ '์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
And โ€˜organic food' means food which has been grown without using chemicals.
184
710200
4320
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์œ ๊ธฐ๋†์‹ํ’ˆ'์ด๋ž€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
And finally, a 'chain reaction' is a series of chemical reactions
185
714640
4000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, '์—ฐ์‡„๋ฐ˜์‘'์€
11:58
in which one change causes another, which in turn, causes another.
186
718760
4800
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
12:03
Once again, our six minutes are up.
187
723680
2000
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, 6๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
โ€” Goodbye! โ€” Bye-bye!
188
725800
1320
- ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”! - ์•ˆ๋…•!
12:07
6 Minute English.
189
727920
1560
6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด.
12:09
From BBC Learning English.
190
729600
2680
BBC ํ•™์Šต ์˜์–ด์—์„œ.
12:13
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Sam.
191
733400
3760
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ด์—์š”.
12:17
And I'm Roy.
192
737280
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋กœ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
Whether it's salmon swimming upriver to lay their eggs
193
739400
3760
์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ• ์ƒ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ํ—ค์—„์น˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด,
12:23
or cheetahs running faster than a car,
194
743280
3040
์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์น˜ํƒ€ ๋“ฑ
12:26
animals can do incredible things with their bodies.
195
746440
3520
๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋ชธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:30
Human bodies are no less incredible โ€” just think of Olympic swimmers and sprinters.
196
750080
5480
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋‹จ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:35
Our bodies work using just the energy provided by what we eat.
197
755680
4440
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ์Œ์‹์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:40
This means that the human body has to be incredibly efficient,
198
760240
4200
์ด๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:44
using as little energy as possible to do what it needs to.
199
764560
4240
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:48
Yet even with our efficient bodies,
200
768920
2480
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒด์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
12:51
no-one can run as fast a cheetah, not even Olympic champions!
201
771520
5600
์น˜ํƒ€๋งŒํผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
12:57
In this programme, we'll be asking exactly how efficient is the human body?
202
777240
5760
์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
We'll be comparing human bodies' performance against each other,
203
783120
3320
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ 
13:06
and against some animals too.
204
786560
1720
์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
And, of course, we'll be learning some new and useful vocabulary as well.
205
788400
4840
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
But before that, I have a question for you, Roy.
206
793360
2720
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์—, ๋กœ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:16
Efficiency involves an input and an output.
207
796200
3560
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Itโ€˜s about the relationship between the amount of energy coming in โ€”
208
799880
4400
์ด๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์–‘, ์ฆ‰
13:24
in other words, the food we eat โ€” and the amount of the energy going out โ€”
209
804400
4720
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ์Œ์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์–‘, ์ฆ‰ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์˜
13:29
the usual movements and activities of day-to-day life.
210
809240
4000
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:33
So, according to this definition, which animal is the most efficient?
211
813360
5480
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ •์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
13:38
Is it a) an ant? b) a whale? Or c) a human?
212
818960
6080
a) ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? b) ๊ณ ๋ž˜? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด c) ์ธ๊ฐ„์ธ๊ฐ€?
13:45
Humans are the most efficient animal.
213
825160
2400
์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค.
13:47
OK, Roy. I'll reveal the answer later in the programme.
214
827680
3520
์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋กœ์ด. ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
To find out more about how the human body works,
215
831320
3320
์ธ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด
13:54
it's helpful to know how our species evolved.
216
834760
3160
์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“€ํฌ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต
13:58
Here's Herman Pontzer,
217
838040
1680
13:59
Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology at Duke University,
218
839840
3800
์ง„ํ™”์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ Herman Pontzer๊ฐ€
14:03
speaking with BBC World Service programme CrowdScience.
219
843760
3720
BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ CrowdScience์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:08
Humans are remarkably efficient. We walk on two very straight legs.
220
848600
4720
์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณง์€ ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฑท์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
14:13
If a human stands next to a dog, for example,
221
853440
1760
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐœ ์˜†์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ,
14:15
the dog has got that funny bent classic dogleg shape, right?
222
855320
3480
๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์šฐ์Šค๊ฝ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ๋„๊ทธ๋ ‰ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
14:18
And that crouched posture is really typical of most animals.
223
858920
3160
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์›…ํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ž์„ธ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
Humans have a very straight leg,
224
862200
2200
์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณง์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
14:24
and so because of that, and because our legs are pretty long for our body size โ€”
225
864520
3360
์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ฒด ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฝค ๊ธธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—(
14:28
humans are part of the ape family โ€” we're quite efficient.
226
868000
2760
์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์›์ˆญ์ด๊ณผ์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค) ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
Humans are apes, and evolved from the same origin as gorillas and chimpanzees.
227
870880
5600
์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์œ ์ธ์›์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ, ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์›์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
One big difference, however, is that humans walk upright on straight legs,
228
876600
5160
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ณง์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ง๋ฆฝ๋ณดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”
14:41
whereas most animals are 'crouched' โ€”
229
881880
2560
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์€
14:44
bent over at the knee and leaning forwards to the ground.
230
884560
4000
๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•…์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋ชธ์„ ์ˆ™์ธ ์ฑ„ '์›…ํฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ' ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
This crouched posture is not an efficient way to move.
231
888680
3920
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์›…ํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ž์„ธ๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ด๋™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
Other animals, like dogs, have flat backs
232
892720
3000
๊ฐœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋“ฑ์ด ํŽธํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  '๊ฐœ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:55
and move on four bent legs called 'doglegs' โ€”
233
895840
3760
๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
something bent in the shape of a dog's leg.
234
899720
3360
์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
The word 'dogleg' can also mean a sharp bend in a road or path.
235
903200
5600
'๋„๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ทธ(dogleg)'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋„๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ธธ์˜ ๊ธ‰์ปค๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
So, the design of the human body makes it efficient compared to some other animals โ€”
236
908920
5880
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
but how do humans compare with each other?
237
914920
2880
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:17
How do Kenyan athletes break long-distance running records,
238
917920
3520
์ผ€๋ƒ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:21
while many of us struggle to run for the bus?
239
921560
2760
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š๋ผ ์• ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
The main reason, according to Loughborough University physiologist Rhona Pearce
240
924440
4920
Loughborough University์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ธ Rhona Pearce์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
15:29
is training.
241
929480
1120
ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
But there may be other factors too,
242
930720
2200
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
15:33
as she explained to BBC World Service's CrowdScience.
243
933040
4240
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ BBC World Service์˜ CrowdScience์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
Age probably comes into it
244
938320
1200
์•„๋งˆ๋„
15:39
in that there's probably an optimal age for tendon elasticity.
245
939640
3480
ํž˜์ค„ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
That drops off as you get older,
246
943240
1960
๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
15:45
so probably there's a sweet spot in age for running economy.
247
945320
5040
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
So, in terms of weight, it depends what you weight is made up of,
248
950480
3080
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฏ€๋กœ
15:53
so if you've got more muscle mass, that's going to help you,
249
953680
3280
๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ ,
15:57
whereas if it's more fat then you've got to carry it.
250
957080
2400
์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
Efficient running depends on having flexible muscles and tendons,
251
960720
4920
ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๊ทผ์œก๊ณผ ํž˜์ค„์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
16:05
and this flexibility 'drops off', or decreases, as we get older.
252
965760
6320
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก '๋–จ์–ด์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜' ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
This means that, in terms of running, the body has an 'optimal age' โ€”
253
972200
5480
์ด๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ '์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด', ์ฆ‰
16:17
the best age, or the age at which you are most likely to succeed.
254
977800
4680
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋‚˜์ด, ์ฆ‰ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
Body composition also plays a part.
255
982600
3160
์‹ ์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„ ํ•œ๋ชซํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
Efficient runners need high 'muscle mass' โ€”
256
985880
2920
ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ž๋Š”
16:28
the amount of muscle in your body, as opposed to fat or bone.
257
988920
4400
์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰์ธ '๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰'์ด ๋†’์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
So, training, age, muscle mass and genetics
258
993440
4680
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ๋‚˜์ด, ๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰, ์œ ์ „์  ์š”์ธ
16:38
and are all factors which, when they come together, produce a 'sweet spot' โ€”
259
998240
5200
๋“ฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๋ฉด '์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ง€์ ', ์ฆ‰
16:43
the best possible combination of factors and circumstances.
260
1003560
4600
์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:48
And, from the evidence, it looks like my answer to your question was right, Sam.
261
1008280
5760
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ˜.
16:54
Ah, yes, I asked which animal was the most efficient and you said it was c) a human.
262
1014160
7080
์•„, ๋„ค, ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ c) ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
17:01
Well, I'm sorry to say, but that was the wrong answer!
263
1021360
4840
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”!
17:06
The funny thing is โ€” and scientists still don't understand why โ€”
264
1026320
5200
์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์€ โ€“ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“
17:11
but the bigger the animal, the less energy it uses, kilo for kilo.
265
1031640
5120
๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋‹น ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋‹น ๋” ์ ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
So, the most efficient animal...
266
1036880
2320
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์€...
17:19
โ€” Is also the biggest โ€” a whale! โ€” Mm-hm.
267
1039320
3440
โ€” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ๊ณ ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! โ€” ์Œ-ํ .
17:22
OK, let's recap the vocabulary from the programme, starting with 'crouched' โ€”
268
1042880
5960
์ž, ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ชธ์„ ๋•…์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์„ธ์ธ '์›…ํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ž์„ธ'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:28
a position which is bent at the knee, leaning forward and closer to the ground.
269
1048960
5040
.
17:34
A 'dogleg' can describe something which has a bent shape,
270
1054120
3600
'๋„๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ทธ(dogleg)'๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๋ชจ์–‘,
17:37
especially a sharp bend in a road or path.
271
1057840
3280
ํŠนํžˆ ๋„๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ธธ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
The 'optimal age' to do something is the best age to do it.
272
1061240
5040
๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ '์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด'๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋‚˜์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
If something 'drops off', it decreases in quality or quantity.
273
1066400
4840
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ '๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด' ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์–‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
A 'sweet spot' is the best possible combination of factors or circumstances.
274
1071360
5720
'์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ง€์ '์€ ์š”์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
And, finally, 'muscle mass' is the amount of muscle in your body,
275
1077200
4480
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰'์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ชธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:01
as opposed to fat or bone.
276
1081800
2240
. ๋‹ค์‹œ
18:04
Once again, our six minutes are up.
277
1084160
2440
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, 6๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
โ€” Bye for now! โ€” Bye!
278
1086720
1440
โ€” ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•! - ์•ˆ๋…•!
18:09
6 Minute English.
279
1089200
1640
6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด.
18:10
From BBC Learning English.
280
1090960
2520
BBC ํ•™์Šต ์˜์–ด์—์„œ.
18:14
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Rob.
281
1094520
4040
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ด์—์š”.
18:18
And I'm Sam.
282
1098680
1160
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ด์—์š”.
18:19
Now, when we think about famous figures in the history of science,
283
1099960
3560
์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
18:23
the name of Charles Darwin often comes up.
284
1103640
3280
์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ(Charles Darwin)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
Darwin is most famous for his 'theory of evolution',
285
1107040
4080
๋‹ค์œˆ์€
18:31
the idea that animals change and adapt in response to their environment.
286
1111240
4960
๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” '์ง„ํ™”๋ก '์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:36
In the 1830s, he visited the Galapagos, a string of islands in the Pacific Ocean
287
1116320
6120
1830๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ทธ๋Š”
18:42
famous because of the unique animals living there.
288
1122560
3600
๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํƒœํ‰์–‘์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ฌ์ธ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
It was while in the Galapagos, observing small birds called finches,
289
1126280
4760
๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค์—์„œ ํ•€์น˜์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:51
that Darwin started forming his theory of evolution.
290
1131160
3720
.
18:55
But today, the animals of the Galapagos
291
1135000
2440
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
18:57
face the same pressures as animals across the world
292
1137560
3360
๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์••๋ ฅ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:01
because of the effects of man-made climate change.
293
1141040
3200
.
19:05
Warming sea waters and more frequent extreme weather events
294
1145360
4440
๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน ๊ณผ ๋”์šฑ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ด๋ณ€์€
19:09
are affecting animals as much as humans, so, in this programme,
295
1149920
4040
์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒํผ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š”
19:14
we'll be asking can animals evolve to deal with climate change?
296
1154080
4560
๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:19
But first, I have a question for you, Sam,
297
1159640
2400
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์ƒ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
19:22
and it's about Charles Darwin's trip to the Galapagos.
298
1162160
2640
์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค ์—ฌํ–‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:25
In 1831, Darwin set sail around the world, collecting samples of 'flora and fauna',
299
1165680
5760
1831๋…„์— ๋‹ค์œˆ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ '๋™์‹๋ฌผ', ์ฆ‰ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:31
the plants and animals, of the places he visited.
300
1171560
3160
.
19:34
But what was the name of the ship he sailed in?
301
1174840
2960
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
19:38
a) HMS Beagle? b) HMS Victory? Or c) SS Great Britain?
302
1178480
6520
a) HMS ๋น„๊ธ€? b) HMS ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด c) SS ์˜๊ตญ?
19:45
Hmm, maybe it was b) HMS Victory?
303
1185120
3600
ํ , ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด b) HMS Victory์˜€์„๊นŒ์š”?
19:48
โ€” Are you sure? โ€” No!
304
1188840
1320
- ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? - ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”!
19:50
OK! Well, I'll reveal the correct answer later in the programme.
305
1190280
3520
์ข‹์•„์š”! ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
Now, it may have been the Galapagos finches
306
1194720
2320
19:57
that started Charles Darwin thinking about how animals adapt to their environment
307
1197160
5120
์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค ํ•€์น˜์˜€์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
20:02
but, as naturalist Kiyoko Gotanda explained
308
1202400
3200
๋ฐ•๋ฌผํ•™์ž ๊ณ ํƒ„๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์š”์ฝ”๊ฐ€
20:05
to BBC World Service programme The Climate Question,
309
1205720
2640
BBC ์›”๋“œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
20:08
Darwin's first impression of the small birds wasn't very good.
310
1208480
4400
์ž‘์€ ์ƒˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ์ฒซ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
When Darwin got to the Galapagos Islands,
311
1214120
2120
๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค ์ œ๋„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
20:16
he actually wasn't that interested in the finches โ€”
312
1216360
2400
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•€์น˜์ƒˆ์— ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•€์น˜์ƒˆ๋Š”
20:18
they were kind of a drab colour and they didn't have a very interesting song.
313
1218880
3640
์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ์ข€ ์น™์น™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
He sampled, though, the finches from different islands,
314
1222640
3280
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ฌ์—์„œ ํ•€์น˜์ƒˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ๊ณ 
20:26
and so when he got back to England and he was looking at all the variation
315
1226040
3320
์˜๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
20:29
in beak shape and size, and body size and shape,
316
1229480
2840
๋ถ€๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์–‘๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ชธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉฐ
20:32
and he was recalling how certain finches were found on certain islands
317
1232440
3560
ํŠน์ • ํ•€์น˜์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ์„ฌ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฌ
20:36
but not on other islands.
318
1236120
2200
์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฌ์—๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค ์•ต๋ฌด์ƒˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
20:39
In contrast to more colourful birds like Galapagos parrots,
319
1239560
3720
๋” ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ์ƒˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ,
20:43
the finches Darwin observed were 'drab',
320
1243400
3240
๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ํ•€์น˜์ƒˆ๋“ค์€ '๋‹จ์กฐ'ํ•˜๊ณ ,
20:46
dull and boring-looking, with little colour.
321
1246760
2560
๋‘”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฃจํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
Instead, what Darwin noticed were variations in the finches' 'beak' โ€”
322
1250200
4840
๋Œ€์‹ , ๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•€์น˜์ƒˆ์˜ '๋ถ€๋ฆฌ', ์ฆ‰ ์ƒˆ
20:55
the hard, pointed part of a bird's mouth.
323
1255160
2840
์ž…์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
20:58
Finches born with a 'beak' that could help them get more food
324
1258880
3560
'๋ถ€๋ฆฌ'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•€์น˜์ƒˆ๋Š”
21:02
were more likely to survive and have babies.
325
1262560
2920
์ƒ์กด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:05
Over time, as the birds passed on their successful genes,
326
1265600
3800
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—
21:09
they adapted to fit in with their environment โ€” what we know as 'evolution'.
327
1269520
4920
์ ์‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ ์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ '์ง„ํ™”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:15
So, if animals can evolve to survive their environment,
328
1275680
3760
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธฐํ›„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์—
21:19
can they also evolve to cope with the impact humans are having on the climate?
329
1279560
5120
๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š” ?
21:24
Well, there's already some evidence to show they can.
330
1284800
3600
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
21:28
Studies on birds in the Brazilian Amazon
331
1288520
2400
๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์•„๋งˆ์กด์˜ ์ƒˆ
21:31
and red deer on the Isle of Rum, in Scotland,
332
1291040
3120
์™€ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ๋Ÿผ ์„ฌ์˜ ๋ถ‰์€์‚ฌ์Šด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
21:34
show warmer temperatures have caused animals to evolve smaller bodies.
333
1294280
4880
๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชธ์ด ๋” ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ
21:39
It's easier to keep cool when you're small!
334
1299280
3000
์‹œ์›ํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
21:42
American conservationist Thor Hanson
335
1302400
1960
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€ Thor Hanson์€ ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด์˜
21:44
records and measures anole lizards in the Caribbean.
336
1304480
3280
anole lizard๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
21:47
He wants to see how the effects of man-made climate change,
337
1307880
3600
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”(
21:51
in this case hurricanes, is affecting the lizards.
338
1311600
3520
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ)๊ฐ€ ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
Listen to what Thor found out
339
1315240
1800
Thor๊ฐ€
21:57
as he speaks with presenters of BBC World Service's The Climate Question.
340
1317160
4280
BBC World Service์˜ The Climate Question ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
22:02
What you can see is that large toe pads and strong front legs
341
1322480
3720
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ ํŒจ๋“œ ์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์•ž๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
22:06
give some lizards a tighter grip.
342
1326320
2120
์ผ๋ถ€ ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:08
When they do start to let go
343
1328560
1120
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋†“์•„์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘
22:09
and their body starts flapping in the air like a flag,
344
1329800
2440
ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชธ์ด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ ํŽ„๋Ÿญ์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด,
22:12
smaller back legs reduce the drag
345
1332360
1880
์ž‘์€ ๋’ท๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ
22:14
and allow them to cling on and survive the hurricane.
346
1334360
3160
ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™์–ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:17
So the survivors were those lizards with those characteristics,
347
1337640
4560
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ์กด์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
22:22
and they passed those traits along to their offspring.
348
1342320
3320
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž์†์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:26
Thor's lizards developed stronger front legs and smaller back legs,
349
1346560
4320
ํ† ๋ฅด์˜ ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์•ž๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋’ท๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ
22:31
allowing them to 'cling on', hold on to something tightly,
350
1351000
3720
์‹œ์ผœ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ '์ง‘์ฐฉ'ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ๋ถ™์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:34
when hurricanes pass through.
351
1354840
2080
.
22:37
It's this 'trait', a genetically-determined characteristic,
352
1357040
3960
22:41
that allows the lizards to survive, and is passed on to their babies.
353
1361120
4560
๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋ผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ด 'ํŠน์„ฑ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:45
Thor checked other areas of the Caribbean where hurricanes were frequent
354
1365800
4200
Thor๋Š” ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜
22:50
and found the same traits in lizards there: proof of evolution in action.
355
1370120
5400
๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์—์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ง„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:55
But whereas we often think of evolution happening over hundreds,
356
1375640
3880
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ง„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„,
22:59
even thousands of years,
357
1379640
1880
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,
23:01
the changes in the Caribbean lizards happened in around 40 years,
358
1381640
4360
์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์•ฝ 40๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:06
something that would have surprised Charles Darwin.
359
1386120
3080
์ด๋Š” ์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ์„ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:09
Which reminds me of your question, Rob.
360
1389320
2240
Rob, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
23:11
Ah, yes, I asked you for the name of the ship Darwin sailed around the world in.
361
1391680
5840
์•„, ๋„ค, ๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ํƒ€๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ผ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
Darwin's ship was called the HMS Beagle
362
1397640
2600
๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” HMS ๋น„๊ธ€(HMS Beagle)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๊ณ ,
23:20
and, appropriately enough, it was named after an animal โ€”
363
1400360
3360
์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์„œ ๋ช…๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:23
a beagle is a type of dog.
364
1403840
1840
๋น„๊ธ€์€ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
OK, let's recap the vocabulary from this programme about 'evolution',
365
1405800
4680
์ž,
23:30
the way living things adapt to their environment
366
1410600
2680
์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘
23:33
and pass these adaptations on to their children.
367
1413400
3280
ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์‘์„ ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ '์ง„ํ™”'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:37
'Flora and fauna' is another way of saying the plants and animals of a place.
368
1417680
4480
'์‹๋ฌผ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ตฐ'์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:43
'Drab' means dull and colourless in appearance.
369
1423560
3160
'Drab'์€ ์™ธ๊ด€์ด ํ๋ฆฟํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:46
A bird's 'beak' is the hard, pointed part of its mouth.
370
1426840
3760
์ƒˆ์˜ '๋ถ€๋ฆฌ'๋Š” ์ž…์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:51
'To cling on' means 'to hold on very tightly'.
371
1431640
3240
'๋ถ™๋“ค๋‹ค'๋Š” '์•„์ฃผ ๊ฝ‰ ๋ถ™์žก๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
23:55
And finally, a 'trait' is a genetically-determined characteristic.
372
1435000
4960
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'ํŠน์„ฑ'์€ ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
24:00
Once again, our six minutes are up!
373
1440080
2600
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, 6๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! 6 Minute English์—์„œ
24:02
Join us again soon for more interesting topics and useful vocabulary
374
1442800
4080
๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”
24:07
here at 6 Minute English.
375
1447000
1720
.
24:08
โ€” Goodbye for now! โ€” Bye!
376
1448840
1840
โ€” ์ด์ œ ์•ˆ๋…•! - ์•ˆ๋…•!
24:11
6 Minute English.
377
1451440
1800
6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด.
24:13
From BBC Learning English.
378
1453360
2440
BBC ํ•™์Šต ์˜์–ด์—์„œ.
24:16
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
379
1456880
3480
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ด์—์š”.
24:20
And I'm Sam.
380
1460480
1080
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ด์—์š”.
24:21
Over the past 18 months, we've heard a lot about the human 'immune system' โ€”
381
1461680
4760
์ง€๋‚œ 18๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ '๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„', ์ฆ‰
24:26
the cells in our bodies that fight diseases, like coronavirus.
382
1466560
3880
์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:30
We know that, in humans, the bloodstream carries immune cells around our body.
383
1470560
4560
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:35
But what about trees and plants?
384
1475240
2160
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
24:37
They don't have blood, so how do they protect themselves?
385
1477520
3440
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
24:41
That's a good question, Sam, and the answer involves memory.
386
1481080
3720
์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋„ค์š”, ์ƒ˜. ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
24:44
Us humans store memories in our brain, but our body also remembers things,
387
1484920
4640
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‡Œ์— ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์ €์žฅ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์—ฌ
24:49
including stressful situations from the past, which it stores in our genes.
388
1489680
4760
์œ ์ „์ž์— ์ €์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:54
The information gets passed on to our children genetically.
389
1494560
3520
์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ  ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:58
But surely trees don't have memories, Neil!
390
1498200
2320
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์—†์–ด์š”, ๋‹!
25:00
I mean, do you think a tree can remember being young
391
1500640
2880
๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
25:03
or what it was doing last year?
392
1503640
1840
์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
25:05
Well, not exactly, but trees grow rings โ€” a layer of wood for each year of growth.
393
1505600
5720
๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋‚˜์ดํ…Œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋งค๋…„ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ธต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:11
That could be a kind of memory.
394
1511440
2040
์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ถ”์–ต์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
25:13
In this programme, we'll be asking whether trees can remember โ€”
395
1513600
3160
์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
25:16
and if so, does it make them stronger and better able to fight disease?
396
1516880
4920
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:21
But before that, I have a question for you, Sam.
397
1521920
2720
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์—, ์ƒ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
25:24
As I said, trees grow a new ring every year
398
1524760
3400
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚˜์ดํ…Œ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ
25:28
and, by counting them, we can estimate their age.
399
1528280
2960
, ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:31
One of Earth's longest living trees is the Great Bristlecone Pine,
400
1531360
4440
์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„œํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์Šฌ์ฝ˜ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด(Great Bristlecone Pine)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:35
found on the west coast of America.
401
1535920
2080
.
25:38
But how long can these trees live?
402
1538120
2080
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
25:40
Is it a) over 1,000 years? b) over 3,000 years? Or c) over 5,000 years?
403
1540320
7840
a) 1,000๋…„์ด ๋„˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? b) 3,000 ๋…„ ์ด์ƒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด c) 5,000๋…„์ด ๋„˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
25:48
Wow, it'd be a job to count the rings on those trees!
404
1548280
3240
์™€, ์ € ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋‚˜์ดํ…Œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ผ์ด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š” !
25:51
I'll say b) over 3,000 years.
405
1551640
3320
๋‚˜๋Š” b) 3,000๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
25:55
OK, Sam, we'll reveal the correct answer later.
406
1555080
3080
์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜. ์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:58
Unlike us, trees don't have blood and bones
407
1558280
2640
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋Š”
26:01
to protect them from outside attacks,
408
1561040
2240
์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ํ”ผ์™€ ๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ,
26:03
so how exactly does a tree's immune system work?
409
1563400
3400
๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
26:06
That's what BBC World Service programme CrowdScience
410
1566920
2920
BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ CrowdScience๊ฐ€
26:09
asked bioscientist Jurriaan Ton.
411
1569960
2640
์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™์ž์ธ Jurriaan Ton์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:12
Here's what he said.
412
1572720
1240
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:14
Plants in particular need to have a very efficient immune system
413
1574880
3320
ํŠนํžˆ ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:18
for two important reasons.
414
1578320
1600
.
26:20
Firstly, they sit at the bottom of the food chain,
415
1580040
2240
์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ๋งจ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ
26:22
so there are a lot of opportunistic organisms out there,
416
1582400
3200
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹๋ฌผ์— ์ €์žฅ๋œ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”
26:25
including insect herbivores and microbial pathogens
417
1585720
3080
์ดˆ์‹๊ณค์ถฉ ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:28
who want to tap into that biochemical energy that is stored in plants.
418
1588920
4240
.
26:33
The other reason is plants are rooted to the ground โ€”
419
1593280
2760
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋•…์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜
26:36
they cannot escape from the stressful conditions in their environment.
420
1596160
3960
์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
26:41
It's hard for trees to protect themselves.
421
1601400
2320
๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:43
Unlike animals, they can't run away,
422
1603840
2480
๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋„๋ง์น  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
26:46
and they're at the bottom of the 'food chain' โ€”
423
1606440
2560
26:49
the plants and animals linked in a chain of eating weaker things
424
1609120
3680
์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋” ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์žก์•„๋จนํžˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์Šฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ '๋จน์ด์‚ฌ์Šฌ'์˜ ๋งจ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:52
and then being eaten by stronger ones.
425
1612920
2680
.
26:55
Rabbits eat grass and, in turn, are eaten by foxes.
426
1615720
3680
ํ† ๋ผ๋Š” ํ’€์„ ๋จน๊ณ  , ์—ฌ์šฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์žก์•„๋จนํžŒ๋‹ค.
26:59
Right. If you are at the bottom of the 'food chain', everything wants to eat you,
427
1619520
3880
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด '๋จน์ด์‚ฌ์Šฌ'์˜ ๋งจ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
27:03
including 'opportunistic' animals.
428
1623520
2360
'๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃผ์˜' ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:06
If something is 'opportunistic',
429
1626000
1840
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด '๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ '์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ
27:07
it takes advantage of a situation to gain some benefit for itself.
430
1627960
4600
์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:12
Tree leaves are opportunities for hungry insects and caterpillars to eat.
431
1632680
3920
๋‚˜๋ฌด ์žŽ์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”ˆ ๊ณค์ถฉ๊ณผ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:16
So, trees need immunity because they're under attack,
432
1636720
3120
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š”
27:19
either from disease or from living things wanting to eat them.
433
1639960
3560
์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:23
But what about memory, Sam?
434
1643640
1920
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ƒ˜?
27:25
If trees can remember stress โ€” types of insects that eat it, for example โ€”
435
1645680
4240
๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค(์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
27:30
they might be better prepared in future.
436
1650040
2240
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋” ์ž˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:32
For me, stress is a work deadline or moving house,
437
1652400
3320
๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ
27:35
but for trees it's more basic, something like not getting enough water.
438
1655840
4240
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:40
Dr Estrella Luna-Diez believes trees record stress in their rings.
439
1660200
4240
Estrella Luna-Diez ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธํ•ด
27:44
A small ring, showing that the tree didn't grow much that year,
440
1664560
3760
๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
27:48
indicates some outside stress.
441
1668440
2360
์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:50
She explained more to BBC World Service programme CrowdScience.
442
1670920
4000
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ CrowdScience์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
27:56
Our hypothesis would be that, depending on the level of that stress โ€”
443
1676080
4640
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ -
28:00
so if it was a really long-lasting drought of a few years โ€”
444
1680840
5000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด -
28:05
then maybe the tree can remember it for a long time,
445
1685960
3240
๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:09
because it needs to adapt to that hostile environment.
446
1689320
3520
.
28:12
Now, maybe the hypothesis would be the other way around,
447
1692960
3680
์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
28:16
like if it maybe was a very dry July, for instance,
448
1696760
4280
๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ 7์›”์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
28:21
maybe the tree is not even that bothered and then it forgets within one year,
449
1701160
4840
๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  1๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:26
because that memory of the stress
450
1706120
2160
28:28
is gonna be holding it back on its growth, for instance.
451
1708400
3600
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:33
Dr Luna-Diez has a 'hypothesis' โ€”
452
1713000
2120
Luna-Diez ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊ฐ€์„ค', ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์ง ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
28:35
an idea that explains how or why something happens
453
1715240
3360
์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ, ์™œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:38
which has yet to be tested to see if it's correct.
454
1718720
3080
.
28:41
Her 'hypothesis' is that trees remember stressful outside events,
455
1721920
4200
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ '๊ฐ€์„ค'์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ '๊ฐ€๋ญ„'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด, ์ฆ‰
28:46
something like a 'drought' โ€” a long period of time with little or no rain.
456
1726240
4520
๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์„
28:50
For a tree which has lived for hundreds of years,
457
1730880
2360
์‚ด์•„์˜จ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๊ฒŒ
28:53
it might be useful to remember that 1947 was a very dry summer.
458
1733360
4720
1947๋…„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:58
On the other hand, maybe that stressful year is best forgotten.
459
1738200
3160
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ๊ทธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋Š” ์žŠํ˜€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:01
Maybe the tree is 'not bothered' โ€”
460
1741480
2120
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” '์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€' ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
29:03
not worried or concerned because it's not important to it.
461
1743720
3680
๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:07
So, trees do have memories โ€” but they don't let it get them stressed!
462
1747520
3920
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:11
Maybe that's the secret to a long life!
463
1751560
2400
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฅ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
29:14
But what's the answer to your question, Neil?
464
1754080
1840
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋„ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ญ์•ผ, ๋‹?
29:16
Ah, yes, I asked you how long Earth's oldest trees,
465
1756040
3280
์•„, ๋„ค, ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ธ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ
29:19
Great Bristlecone Pines, can live.
466
1759440
2840
์Šฌ์ฝ˜ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด(Great Bristlecone Pines)๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:22
I said b) over 3,000 years. Was I right?
467
1762400
3440
๋‚˜๋Š” b) 3,000๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
29:25
You were wrong, I'm afraid, Sam.
468
1765960
1600
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”. ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด์š”, ์ƒ˜.
29:27
They live even longer โ€” over 5,000 years, in fact โ€”
469
1767680
3360
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 5,000๋…„์ด ๋„˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:31
all the way back to the Bronze Age.
470
1771160
1920
์ฒญ๋™๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:33
What memories those trees must have โ€” if only they could speak!
471
1773200
4360
๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€ ์ถ”์–ต์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€!
29:37
Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with 'immune system' โ€”
472
1777680
4600
๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ '๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:42
the body's way of fighting infection and disease.
473
1782400
3080
.
29:45
A 'food chain' describes how plants and animals get eaten and eat each other.
474
1785600
4280
'๋จน์ด์‚ฌ์Šฌ'์€ ์‹๋ฌผ ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ์žก์•„๋จนํžˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:50
'Opportunistic' people take advantage of a situation
475
1790000
2920
'๊ธฐํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ ' ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
29:53
to get some benefit for themselves.
476
1793040
2120
์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:55
A 'hypothesis' is an idea to explain how or why something happens
477
1795280
4320
'๊ฐ€์„ค'์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ, ์™œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:59
that hasn't been tested to see if it's correct.
478
1799720
2800
.
30:02
A 'drought' is a long period of time with little or no rain.
479
1802640
3480
'๊ฐ€๋ญ„'์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:06
And, finally, if you're 'not bothered' about something,
480
1806240
2680
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด '๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋ฉด
30:09
you're not worried, because it's not important to you.
481
1809040
2520
๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:11
Our six minutes are over. Bye for now!
482
1811680
2360
6๋ถ„์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
30:14
Bye!
483
1814160
1000
์•ˆ๋…•!
30:15
6 Minute English.
484
1815280
1800
6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด.
30:17
From BBC Learning English.
485
1817200
3040
BBC ํ•™์Šต ์˜์–ด์—์„œ.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7