BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Human Emotions' English mega-class! One hour of new vocabulary!

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2020-11-28 ใƒป BBC Learning English


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BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Human Emotions' English mega-class! One hour of new vocabulary!

2,001,032 views ใƒป 2020-11-28

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello.
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00:07
Welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
6 Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” Neil์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
And I'm Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
And we are sitting here in New Broadcasting House, in the middle of London.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” New Broadcasting House์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:15
Would you say, Sam, that this is an isolated place?
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์ƒ˜, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋”ด ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:17
Oh no, not at all.
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์•„๋‡จ, ์ „ํ˜€์š”.
00:20
Isolated means far away from other places and people.
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๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:24
Does that mean then, do you think, that you can't be lonely here, with all these people
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์™ธ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”
00:28
around and all these things to do?
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?
00:29
Ah, good question.
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์•„, ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ตฐ์ค‘ ์†์—์„œ ์™ธ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:32
Can you be lonely in a crowd?
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00:33
Yes, of course, I think you can be because being lonely isn't about physical isolation.
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๋„ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉด
00:40
I think you can be lonely anywhere if you feel that you are disconnected from the world
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์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:45
around you, if you feel that no one understands you.
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ๊ณ ์ง€์—์„œ
๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ฑ„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:49
If you are living happily in isolation in The Scottish Highlands, for example, I'm sure
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00:54
you could feel lonely if you came here to London.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์˜ค๋ฉด ์™ธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์Œ, ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Well, loneliness is today's topic.
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BBC๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณง ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
The BBC has just completed a big survey about it which we will learn more about shortly.
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01:05
But first, of course, a question: Where is the most isolated inhabited place on the planet
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋จผ์ € ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ์–ด๋””์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:11
- by which I mean the place furthest away from anywhere else with the fewest people
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? ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
01:17
living there.
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์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
Is it:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€:
a) ๋‚จ๊ทน ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ McMurdo ๊ธฐ์ง€
01:19
a) McMurdo Station in Antarctica
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01:20
b) Siwa Oasis in Egypt's Western Desert, or is it
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b) ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์„œ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ Siwa Oasis์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด c
01:26
c) the island of Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic
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) ๋‚จ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์˜ Tristan da Cunha ์„ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ,
01:30
What do you think, Sam?
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์ƒ˜, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
01:31
I've got absolutely no idea, so this is just a guess - I think it's the one in Antarctica.
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์ €๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธก์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚จ๊ทน๋Œ€๋ฅ™์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
I'm going to go with that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:39
Well, we'll have the answer later on in the programme.
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์™ธ๋กœ์›€์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์–ด
01:43
Loneliness is seen as a big problem for the mental health of the population, so much so
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01:47
that the British government has a minister for loneliness.
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์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์™ธ๋กœ์›€ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์žฅ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:51
But which age group suffers most from loneliness.
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01:54
Here is a BBC report about the research.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ BBC ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™ธ๋กœ์›€์€ ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
There is a common stereotype that loneliness affects only the old and the isolated.
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02:03
It does, but what this experiment also shows is that loneliness is felt throughout life.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์ด ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Š๊ปด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
People aged between 16 and 24 experience loneliness more often and more intensely than any other
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16์„ธ์—์„œ 24์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:15
age group.
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.
02:17
So according to the research, Sam, which section of society is most affected by loneliness?
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด Sam, ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋‚˜์š”?
02:24
This might be a surprise, but it's 16 to 24 year olds.
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์˜์™ธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ 16์„ธ์—์„œ 24์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:28
I was surprised by that because like many, I would've guessed that it was older people.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:34
The reporter did say that that was a stereotype.
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๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์€ ์Šคํ…Œ๋ ˆ์˜ค ์Œ์•…๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
02:38
A stereotype is nothing to do with stereo music, but it's the noun we use to describe
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02:43
a very simple and basic judgement of someone and their character and personality based
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02:50
on their age, nationality, profession and so on.
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๋‚˜์ด, ๊ตญ์ , ์ง์—… ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
So a stereotype of British people is that we can't cook, we have bad teeth, we are very
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ , ์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ
03:01
reserved and never say what we mean.
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๋‚ด์„ฑ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
I don't know what you mean, my cooking is wonderful, Sam.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด, ๋‚ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ด, ์ƒ˜.
03:07
And the stereotype is that old people get lonely.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์€ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์™ธ๋กœ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:11
Much like the stereotypes of British people, this may be true in some cases - I've eaten
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์˜๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
some of your home-cooked meals remember, Neil - but it's not true for the majority.
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Neil, ์ €๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:23
It is young people who feel lonely more often and more intensely.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Intensely here means strongly.
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03:30
The feeling of loneliness is stronger in young people than older people.
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์™ธ๋กœ์›€์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
The reporter goes on to give some explanation for why young people might be more lonely.
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๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด ๋” ์™ธ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ
๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์ด ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜
03:43
Researchers from the University of Manchester who analysed the data, suggested feeling lonely
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03:47
may plague the young because it's a time of identity change.
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์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ดด๋กญํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:51
Figuring out your place in the world and of learning to regulate emotions.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์ด ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ดด๋กญํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:57
He says that feeling lonely may plague young people, what does he mean there?
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04:02
If you are plagued by something, it means that it troubles you, it bothers you and not
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ดด๋กญํžŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๊ณ 
04:08
just once, it's something that happens continually or repeatedly.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:14
And he says this may be because at that age we are still figuring out our place in the
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04:18
world.
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.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
We are trying to understand the world and what we are supposed to do with our lives.
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04:22
He also suggests that younger people have not yet learned how to regulate their emotions,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•„์ง ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
which is another way of saying to control their emotions.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:32
Right.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ.
04:33
Time to review this week's vocabulary, but before that let's have the answer to the quiz.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ „์— ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:38
I asked: Where is the most isolated inhabited place on the planet?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค: ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ์–ด๋””์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
04:43
Is it:
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04:44
a) McMurdo Station in Antarctica
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a) ๋‚จ๊ทน ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ McMurdo ๊ธฐ์ง€
04:46
b) Siwa Oasis in Egypt's Western Desert or
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b) ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์„œ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ Siwa Oasis ๋˜๋Š”
04:51
c) the island of Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic
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c) ๋‚จ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์˜ Tristan da Cunha ์„ฌ
04:54
What did you say, Sam?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜?
04:56
I said a).
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค).
04:57
Well, I'm afraid to say the answer is actually c) the island of Tristan da Cunha in the South
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค c) ๋‚จ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” Tristan da Cunha ์„ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:04
Atlantic.
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.
์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 300๋ช… ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ 6์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•ญํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:05
It has a population of fewer than 300 and it's only accessible by a 6-day voyage by
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05:10
ship from South Africa.
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.
05:12
So not a popular place for a weekend break!
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฃผ๋ง ๋‚˜๋“ค์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ!
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Indeed not.
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05:17
Now it's time for a recap of our vocabulary.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
The first word was isolated which Tristan da Cunha certainly is.
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Tristan da Cunha๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:24
It means far away from other place and people.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Then there was stereotype the noun for a simplistic view of person or group based on their nationality,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
๊ตญ์ ,
05:34
age, profession and the like.
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๋‚˜์ด, ์ง์—… ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
Intensely means strongly.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Being plagued by something means it causes you problems and difficulties.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ดด๋กœ์›Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
If you are trying to figure something out, you are trying to understand it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
And to regulate something means to control it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:50
Well, sadly, that's the end of the programme.
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์Œ, ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ
05:53
Hopefully you won't feel too lonely without us, remember we are always here on Instagram,
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์—†์ด๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์™ธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ Instagram,
05:57
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, our App and of course the website BBClearningenglish.com.
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Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ฑ๊ณผ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ BBClearningenglish.com์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:03
See you soon.
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๊ณง ๋ด์š”.
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
์•ˆ๋…•!
06:07
Goodbye.
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06:09
Bye!
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06:10
Hello.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:12
Welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.
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6 Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” Neil์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
This is the programme where in just six minutes we discuss an interesting topic and teach
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๋‹จ 6๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:19
some related English vocabulary.
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๊ด€๋ จ ์˜์–ด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
And joining me to do this is Rob.
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ Rob์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
Hello, Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•, ๋‹.
06:24
Now Rob, you seem like a happy chappy.
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์ด์ œ Rob, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ chappy์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
What's the point of being miserable?
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๋น„์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด์•ผ?
06:28
Well, that are many things that could make you feel down in the dumps โ€“ a phrase that
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค โ€“
06:32
means 'unhappy' โ€“ but what are the things that keep you feeling happy, cheerful and
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'๋ถˆํ–‰'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ โ€“ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ช…๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
์œ ์พŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, Rob?
06:38
chirpy, Rob?
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์•„, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ท€๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„
06:39
Oh, many things like being healthy, having good friends, presenting programmes like this
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06:44
with you, Neil!
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๋„ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋‹!
06:45
Of course โ€“ but we all have different ideas about what makes us happy โ€“ and that can
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๋ฌผ๋ก  - ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š”
06:49
vary from country to country and culture to culture.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:52
It's what we're talking about today โ€“ concepts of happiness.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
Now Neil, you could make us even happier if you gave us a really good question to answer.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:01
Here it is.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ์–ด.
07:02
Happiness is an emotion that actually gets measured.
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ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:05
The World Happiness Report measures "subjective well-being" - how happy the people are, and
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ–‰๋ณต ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ์ง€, ์™œ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ์ง€ "์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์›ฐ๋น™"์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:11
why.
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.
07:12
But do you know, according to a United Nations agency report in 2017, which is the happiest
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2017๋…„ UN ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
07:18
country on Earth?
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:19
Is itโ€ฆ a) Norway
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a) ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด
07:21
b) Japan, or c) New Zealand?
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b) ์ผ๋ณธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, c) ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:24
WeIl, I think they're all very happy places but the outdoor life of many New Zealanders
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์•ผ์™ธ ์ƒํ™œ์€
07:30
must make New Zealand the happiest place.
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
OK, we'll see.
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์ข‹์•„, ๋ณด์ž.
07:33
I'll reveal the answer later on.
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
But now back to our discussion about happiness around the world.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:38
Happiness can be hard to define.
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ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Research has suggested that while personal feelings of pleasure are the accepted definition
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
07:46
of happiness in Western cultures, East Asian cultures tend to see happiness as social harmony
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์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์ด ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์ •์˜๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์กฐํ™”๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด
07:52
and in some parts of Africa and India it's more about shared experiences and family.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ Helen Russell์ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด
07:57
It's something author and journalist Helen Russell has been looking at โ€“ she's even
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08:00
created an 'Atlas of Happiness'.
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'ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์ง€๋„'๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
Her research focused on the positive characteristics of a country's population โ€“ and guess which
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ
08:08
country she found to be one of the happiest?
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์˜€์„๊นŒ์š”?
๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ?
08:11
New Zealand?
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์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค.
08:12
Actually no.
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์ผ๋ณธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
It was Japan.
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08:14
Here she is speaking on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour programme.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ ์šฐ๋จผ์Šค ์•„์›Œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
๊ฐœ๋… ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ๋…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
08:18
What concept โ€“ or belief โ€“ is it that promotes happiness?
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08:22
Millennials and perhaps older people are better at remembering wabi-sabi โ€“ this traditional
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๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์–ผ ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์™€๋น„์‚ฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Japanese concept around celebrating imperfection, which I think is something so helpful these
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๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•จ์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์š”์ฆ˜ ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
days, especially for women โ€“ it's this idea that there is a beauty in ageing, it's to
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๋…ธํ™”์— ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
be celebrated rather than trying to disguise it, or trying to cover up the scars instead
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‰ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€์‹ 
08:42
you gild them with kintsugi โ€“ if you break a pot instead of chucking it away, you mend
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๊ธˆ๋ฐ•์„ ์ž…ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ„๋น„๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊นจ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
08:46
it with gold lacquer so the scars, rather than being hidden, are highlighted in pure
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๊ธˆ์น ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
goldโ€ฆ
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์ˆœ๊ธˆ...
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:52
We all have laughter lines and rather than being ashamed of them, they're something to
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08:55
be celebrated.
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์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
So in Japan, there is a belief that people should celebrate imperfection.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•จ์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•จ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
Imperfection is a fault or weakness.
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09:05
So rather than hiding something that's not perfect, we should celebrate it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋Š™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฃผ๋ฆ„
09:10
Getting old, for example, is not something to be ashamed of โ€“ don't hide your wrinkles
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09:14
or laughter lines โ€“ these are the creases you get as you skin ages or even you get from
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์ด๋‚˜ ์›ƒ์Œ ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋Š™์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:19
smiling too much!
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์›ƒ์–ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ ์„
09:20
Rather than spending time being ashamed of our faults, we should accept what and who
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๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:25
we are.
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.
09:26
This concept is something that Helen feels is particularly being celebrated by Millennials
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์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ํ—ฌ๋ Œ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์–ผ ์„ธ๋Œ€
09:31
and older people.
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์™€ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Yes, and Helen compared this with the process of kintsugi โ€“ where the cracks or scars
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ—ฌ๋ Œ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ์ง„ ๋„์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์ด๋‚˜ ํ‰ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
09:37
on broken pottery are highlighted with gold lacquer.
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๊ธˆ์น ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ‚จ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:41
This is called gilding.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•จ์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Helen Russell์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
09:43
So we should highlight our imperfections.
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09:45
This concept is something that maybe English people should embrace more because according
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์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:49
to Helen Russell's research, they are not a very happy population.
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.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC์˜ ์šฐ๋จผ์Šค ์•„์›Œ(Woman's Hour) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
09:54
Here she is speaking on the BBC's Woman's Hour programme again โ€“ what word does she
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09:58
use to describe people like me and you?
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๋‚˜์™€ ๋‹น์‹  ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:01
In England what we have is 'jolly', which many of us now associate with this kind of
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '์กธ๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜
10:06
'jolly hockey sticks' or maybe an upper-class thing but actually it's something that really
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'์กธ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜ํ‚ค ์Šคํ‹ฑ' ๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
10:11
plays through a lot of British culture in a way that we may not think of so much.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
So there's this sense that in a lot of our comedy, in a lot of our approach to life you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํฌ๊ทน์—์„œ, ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
10:19
just sort ofโ€ฆ you get out there, you go for a dog walk, you have a boiled egg and
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์ผ์ข…์˜โ€ฆ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฐœ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ถ์€ ๋‹ฌ๊ฑ€๊ณผ
10:22
soldiers ['soldiers' in this case are small slices of toast that you can dip into your
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๊ตฐ์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๊ณ„๋ž€ ์— ์ฐ์–ด ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ํ† ์ŠคํŠธ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
.] ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
egg and eat], and we do sort of get on with things โ€“ it's a coping mechanism, it's not
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10:25
perfect but it's worked for many Brits for a while.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:29
In the past we would use the phrase 'jolly hockey sticks' โ€“ a humorous phrase used
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” '์กธ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜ํ‚ค ์Šคํ‹ฑ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
to describe upper-class school girls' annoying enthusiasm.
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์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต ์—ฌ๊ณ ์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ์—ด์ •์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:37
But Helen now thinks 'jolly' describes an attitude that is used as a coping mechanism
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Helen์€ ์ด์ œ 'jolly'๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
10:42
โ€“ that's something someone does to deal with a difficult situation.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
We smile, do everyday things โ€“ like walking the dog โ€“ and just get on with life.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
I guess she means carry on without complaining.
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10:53
Well, here's something to make you happy, Rob โ€“ the answer to the question I asked
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์Œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋กญ โ€“ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€
10:57
you earlier, which was: according to a United Nations agency report in 2017, which is the
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 2017๋…„ UN ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
11:03
happiest country on Earth?
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:04
Is itโ€ฆ a) Norway
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a) ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด
11:06
b) Japan, or c) New Zealand?
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b) ์ผ๋ณธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, c) ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” c) ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
And I said c) New Zealand.
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11:10
The answer is a) Norway.
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๋‹ต์€ a) ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
The report has been published for the past five years, during which the Nordic countries
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์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ , ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์œ„๊ถŒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
have consistently dominated the top spots.
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11:19
OK, now it's time to remind ourselves of some of the vocabulary we've mentioned today.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
We mentioned the phrase down in the dumps โ€“ which is an informal way of describing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” down in the dump๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:28
the feeling of unhappiness, sometimes with no hope.
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.
11:31
The next word was imperfection, which is a fault or weakness.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•จ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
You won't find any imperfections in this programme, Rob!
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ์ ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
, Rob!
11:38
Glad to hear it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ป.
11:39
Maybe we should gild this script โ€“ to gild something is to cover it in a thin layer of
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋„๊ธˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„๊ธˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–‡์€ ๊ธˆ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:43
gold.
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.
11:44
We also heard about the word jolly which means 'cheerful and happy'.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ '์พŒํ™œํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” jolly๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:48
And being jolly can be used as a coping mechanism - that's something someone does to deal with
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์พŒํ™œํ•จ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
11:53
a difficult situation.
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
If something doesn't go well, you just smile and carry on.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ„์† ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
Well, there's no need to do that in this programme.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Now there's just time to remind you that we have a website with lots more learning English
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์ด์ œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์Šต ์˜์–ด ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:05
content.
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.
์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” bbclearningenglish.com์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
The address is bbclearningenglish.com.
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12:07
Thanks for joining us and goodbye.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
12:12
Goodbye!
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12:15
Hello.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:18
This is 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.
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6๋ถ„์˜์–ด ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
And I'm Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
What do you remember of your teenage years?
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์‹ญ๋Œ€ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:24
Oh, I was a nightmare.
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์•„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•…๋ชฝ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
I was rude to my parents, always stayed out late, never did my homework, hung out with
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  , ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
12:31
the wrong people and made lots of bad decisions.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋„Œ ์–ด๋•Œ, ๋‹?
12:35
How about you, Neil?
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ •๋ง ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
Well, much the same really.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹ญ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
12:38
People always say that about teenagers, donโ€™t they?
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12:40
That they go through a period where they are out of control and behave badly.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ๋‚˜์œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
But apparently, itโ€™s not their fault.
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12:46
At least not directly.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
So whose fault is it?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:49
Our brainsโ€™, apparently.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ', ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ.
12:51
Teenagersโ€™ brains are still developing in areas that control behaviour, which could
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์‹ญ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:56
mean that you canโ€™t blame them for acting the way they do.
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.
12:59
Before we find out more, letโ€™s have our question.
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๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋จผ์ € ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
10๋Œ€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ 13-19์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'ํ‹ด์—์ด์ €'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:03
There have always been teenagers, but when was the word โ€˜teenagerโ€™ first used to
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13:07
refer to the 13 โ€“ 19 age group?
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?
13:11
Was it:
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a) 1920๋…„๋Œ€
13:12
a) the 1920s
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13:13
b) the 1930s
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b) 1930๋…„๋Œ€
13:14
c) the 1950s
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c) 1950๋…„๋Œ€
13:16
Any ideas, Rob?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“œ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, Rob?
13:17
Well, I think it came along around the time of rock and roll, so that would have made
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋กœํฐ๋กค ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š” . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
13:21
it the 1950s.
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1950๋…„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
Thatโ€™s my guess.
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์ œ ์ถ”์ธก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
I'll have the answer later in the programme.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore from University College London specialises in the workings of the
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University College London์˜ Sarah-Jayne Blakemore๋Š”
13:31
brain, particularly the teenage brain.
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๋‡Œ, ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ญ๋Œ€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ „๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
Recently she was a guest on the BBC Radio programme, The Life Scientific.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Life Scientific์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ 10๋Œ€์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€
13:39
She explained that the understanding that the brain is still developing during the teenage
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13:42
years is quite new.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
13:45
When does she say the first research came out?
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13:47
The first study showing that the human brain undergoes this very substantial and significant
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์™€ 20๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ
13:53
development throughout adolescence and into the twenties; the first papers were published
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; ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€
13:57
in the late 90s.
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90๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ์ถœํŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
Before that, and for example when I was at university, the dogma in the text books was
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๊ทธ ์ „์—๋Š”, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ต๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:04
that the vast majority of brain development goes on in the first few years of life and
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์€ ์ƒํ›„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ
14:09
nothing much changes after mid-childhood.
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์•„๋™๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ๊ต๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
That dogma is completely false.
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14:14
So when did the research into the teenage brain come out?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ญ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‡Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:18
Surprisingly, it wasnโ€™t until the late 1990s.
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค.
14:22
This was when she said that the first papers on this subject were published.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์ถœํŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:26
Papers in this context means the results of scientific research which are published.
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์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ถœํŒ๋œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
And she didnโ€™t actually talk about teenagers, did she?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ญ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:35
No, thatโ€™s right.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋งž์•„.
14:36
She talked about the period of adolescence.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
This noun, adolescence, is the period when someone is developing from a child into an
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์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ(adolescence)๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ญ๋Œ€์™€
14:44
adult and it more or less is the same as the teenage years.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:48
What I found interesting was that before the 1990s people believed something different
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ด์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
14:53
about the way our brains develop.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
Yes, Professor Blakemore said that the dogma had been that our brains are mostly fully
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๋„ค, ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋ชจ์–ด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ
15:01
developed in early childhood, long before adolescence.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ด์ „์ธ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ต๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:05
Dogma is a word used to describe a strong belief that people are expected to accept
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๋„๊ทธ๋งˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:10
as true.
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.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
So our brains are still developing much later than was originally thought.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ญ๋Œ€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:16
What does this tell us about teenage behaviour?
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15:18
Of particular interest is an important part of the brain called the prefrontal cortex.
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ํŠนํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
Here is Professor Blakemore again.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋ชจ์–ด ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
15:25
What excuse can she give for teenagers who donโ€™t get their homework done in time?
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์‹ญ๋Œ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€๋ช…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
15:30
The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain right at the front, just behind the forehead
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์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ์€ ์ด๋งˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
15:34
and itโ€™s involved in a whole range of very high-level cognitive tasks such as decision
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์ž‘์—… ์ „์ฒด ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
making and planning - we know that this region is undergoing very very large amounts of development
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์˜์—ญ์ด
๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
during the adolescent years.
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ
15:47
And so in terms of the expectations that we place on teenagers to, for example, plan their
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๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ญ๋Œ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
15:53
homework, it might be too much given that we know that the region of the brain that
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15:58
critically involved in planning is not developed yet.
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๊ณ„ํš์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์•„์ง ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:02
So the prefrontal cortex is important in cognitive tasks.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ์€ ์ธ์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:06
What are those, Rob?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ, ๋กญ?
16:08
A cognitive task is one that requires conscious thinking and processing, such as making decisions
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์ธ์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์‹์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:14
and planning.
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.
16:15
It doesnโ€™t happen automatically, you have to think about it.
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์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
So in the adolescent years this part of the brain is not fully developed.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
Note the adjective form here of the noun we had earlier adolescence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
16:27
So this gives a good excuse for not doing your homework!
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ๋ณ€๋ช…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
16:30
Ha, ha, I wish Iโ€™d known that.
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ํ•˜, ํ•˜, ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
16:32
I used to say that Iโ€™d left my homework on the bus or that the dog had eaten it.
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์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์™”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
Now I could say, "Sorry sir, my brain isnโ€™t developed enough for the cognitive task of
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์ด์ œ "์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
planning my homework".
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"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
Yes, Iโ€™m sure that would work!
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๋„ค, ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
16:44
Before we wrap up, time to get the answer to this weekโ€™s question.
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๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 13-19์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
16:48
I asked when was the word โ€˜teenagerโ€™ first used to refer to the 13 โ€“ 19 age group?
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'ํ‹ด์—์ด์ €'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
Was it:
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a) 1920๋…„๋Œ€
16:55
a) the 1920s
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16:56
b) the 1930s
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b) 1930๋…„๋Œ€
16:58
c) the 1950s
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c) 1950๋…„๋Œ€
17:00
Rob, you said?
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Rob์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:01
I guessed c) 1950s
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ๋‹ค c) 1950๋…„๋Œ€
17:04
The answer is actually b) the 1930s.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ b) 1930๋…„๋Œ€์ด๋‹ค.
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
Very well done if you knew that.
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17:10
Now a quick review of todayโ€™s vocabulary.
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์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ณต์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Adolescence๋Š” ์•„๋™์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š”
17:14
Adolescence is the noun for the period of change from child to adult and the adjective
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17:19
is adolescent โ€“ this same word is also the noun for someone who is in that teenage period.
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youth์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:24
So an adolescent might be responsible for adolescent behaviour in his or her adolescence.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํ–‰๋™์— ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:30
Exactly.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ.
17:31
Papers is the word for published scientific research.
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Papers๋Š” ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
Dogma is strongly held beliefs that are not challenged.
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๋„๊ทธ๋งˆ๋Š” ๋„์ „๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:39
The prefrontal cortex is an important part of the brain which deals with cognitive tasks.
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์ „๋‘์—ฝ ํ”ผ์งˆ์€ ์ธ์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
And cognitive tasks are mental processes that require active thought and consideration,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:51
such as planning and making decisions.
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.
17:53
Well, my decision-making skills tell me that itโ€™s time to finish.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋๋‚ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
Well, your skills are working well Neil.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹.
18:00
We may be going now but you don't need to โ€“ you can listen or watch us again and find
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
18:05
lots more learning English materials on our social media platforms.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:10
You can also visit our website at bbclearningenglish.com.
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:14
See you soon, goodbye.
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๊ณง ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.
์•ˆ๋…•!
18:19
Bye!
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18:20
Hello.
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18:22
This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:27
Iโ€™m Neil.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์šธ๋‚˜์š”, ์ƒ˜?
18:29
Do you cry easily, Sam?
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18:30
I mean, when was the last time you cried?
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๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์šธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์ œ์•ผ?
18:32
Let me thinkโ€ฆ
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹คโ€ฆ
18:34
Last week watching a movie, probably.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
I was watching a really dramatic film and in one scene, the heroine gets separated from
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์ •๋ง ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•œ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด
18:41
her children.
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์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ—ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค.
18:42
I just burst out crying.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ง‰ ์šธ์Œ์„ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
18:45
How about you Neil - when was the last time you cried?
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๋‹์€ ์–ด๋•Œ? ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์šธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์ œ์•ผ ?
18:48
Men donโ€™t cry, Sam.
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๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์šธ์ง€ ์•Š์•„, ์ƒ˜.
18:51
Come on, Neil!
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์–ด์„œ, ๋‹!
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข€ ๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…์ด์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€? - ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
18:52
Thatโ€™s a bit stereotypical, isnโ€™t it? โ€“ the idea that men donโ€™t show their emotions
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18:56
and women cry all the time.
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์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ.
18:58
Well, thatโ€™s an interesting point, Sam, because in todayโ€™s programme weโ€™re discussing
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์ด๋„ค์š”, ์ƒ˜
19:04
crying.
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.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
19:05
Weโ€™ll be investigating the reasons why we cry and looking at some of the differences
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19:09
between men and women and between crying in public and in private.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
And of course, weโ€™ll be learning some related vocabulary along the way.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
I guess itโ€™s kind of true that women do cry more than men.
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์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์šด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฐ์ • ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
19:22
People often think crying is only about painful feelings but we also cry to show joy and when
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19:27
we are moved by something beautiful like music or a painting.
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์Œ์•…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐ๋™์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์šด๋‹ค .
19:31
So, maybe women are just more in touch with their feelings and thatโ€™s why they cry more.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฟ์•˜ ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธ€์Ž„, ์‚ฌ์‹ค, Sam, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ธ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜๊ตญ
19:37
Well actually, Sam, that brings me to our quiz question.
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19:40
According to a study from 2017 conducted in the UK, on average, how many times a year
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์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ 2017๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ 1๋…„์— ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ
19:46
do women cry?
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์šธ๊นŒ?
a) 52
19:48
Is it: a) 52
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b) 72 ๋˜๋Š” c) 102
19:50
b) 72, or c) 102
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19:52
Hmm, it's a tricky question, Neil.
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์Œ, ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋„ค์š”, Neil. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋Š”
19:54
I mean, there are so many different reasons why people cry.
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์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:59
And what makes me cry might make someone else laugh.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์›ƒ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:03
I think some of my female friends probably cry around once a week, so Iโ€˜ll guess the
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๋‚ด ์—ฌ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ
20:09
answer is a) 52.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ a) 52.
20:10
OK, Sam.
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20:11
Weโ€™ll find out later if you were right.
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OK, Sam.
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
Now, while it may be true that men cry less often, it also seems that they feel less embarrassed
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์ด์ œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ๋œ ์ž์ฃผ ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
,
20:20
about crying in public.
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๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋œ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
This may be because of differences in how men and women think others will view their
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜
20:28
public displays of emotion.
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๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:30
Hereโ€™s BBC Radio 4โ€™s Womanโ€™s Hour speaking to therapist Joanna Cross about the issue
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BBC Radio 4์˜ Woman's Hour์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ Joanna Cross์™€
20:36
of crying at work.
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:38
Letโ€™s take the workplace.
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20:40
If youโ€™ve got somebody who seems to cry regularly, I think thatโ€™s not helpful for
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์ง์žฅ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:46
the individual because then if they cry over something that really is important to them,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šด๋‹ค๋ฉด
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚™์ธ์ด ์ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
they might not be taken so seriously - or they get a label.
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20:55
But I do think crying is often a build-up of frustration and undealt-with situations
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šธ์Œ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์ถ•์ 
21:00
and itโ€™s a bit of a final straw moment.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ง€ํ‘ธ๋ผ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:04
So people who regularly cry at work risk not being taken seriously โ€“ not being treated
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
21:10
as deserving attention or respect.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์กด๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:12
And they might even get a label โ€“ become thought of as having a particular character
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“  ํŠน์ • ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:17
whether thatโ€™s true or not.
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.
21:20
Hereโ€™s Joanna Cross again:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ Joanna Cross๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:23
You build up your resentments, your lack of boundaries, not being able to say โ€˜noโ€™
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์›ํ•œ์„ ์Œ“๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ '์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:28
and then somebody says, โ€˜Can you go and make a cup of tea?โ€™ and you suddenly find
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ '๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฐจ ํ•œ ์ž” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ
์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:32
yourself weeping.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ˆ ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
21:33
And everybody says, โ€˜Whatโ€™s wrong with her?โ€™
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21:34
but actually thatโ€™s often a backlog of situations.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋กœ๊ทธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:39
So, a common reason for crying at work seems to be a build-up of resentments - feelings
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์–ต์šธํ•จ, ์ฆ‰
21:47
of anger when you think you have been treated unfairly or have been forced to accept something
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
21:51
you donโ€™t like.
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๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ต์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์—ฌ์„œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๋ฉด
21:53
When left undealt with, these feelings can create a backlog - an accumulation of issues
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21:58
that you should have dealt with before but didnโ€™t.
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์ด์ „์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐฑ๋กœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:02
Right.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ Joanna๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ ํ•œ ์ž”์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉด
22:03
And then, like Joanna says, someone asks you to do something very simple and easy, like
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22:07
make a cup of tea, and you start weeping โ€“ another word for crying.
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์šธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:11
Thatโ€™s a good example of a final straw moment, a term which comes from the expression, โ€˜The
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'
22:17
straw that broke the camelโ€™s backโ€™.
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๋‚™ํƒ€์˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ๋œจ๋ฆฐ ์ง€ํ‘ธ๋ผ๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์šฉ์–ด์ธ ์ตœ์ข… ์ง€ํ‘ธ๋ผ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:20
The final straw means a further problem which itself might be insignificant but which finally
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ง€ํ‘ธ๋ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
22:26
makes you want to give up.
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ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
I hope this programme wonโ€™t be the final straw for us, Sam.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ง€ํ‘ธ๋ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค , ์ƒ˜.
22:31
I doubt it, Neil.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค, ๋‹.
22:32
The only time I cry at work is when you used to bring in your onion sandwiches for lunch.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘ํŒŒ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณค ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:38
In fact, I can feel a tear rolling down my cheek right nowโ€ฆ
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ๋บจ์— ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ ธ์š” โ€ฆ
22:42
Ah, so that counts as one of your cries, Sam.
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22:45
Remember, I asked you on average how many times a year women in the UK cry โ€“ and you
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์˜๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด 1๋…„์— ํ‰๊ท  ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
22:50
said?
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๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์…จ์ฃ ?
๋‚˜๋Š” a) 52.
22:51
I said a) 52.
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22:52
Well, donโ€™t cry when I tell you that you were wrong.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์šธ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
22:56
The actual answer was c) 72 times a year.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋‹ต์€ c) 1๋…„์— 72๋ฒˆ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
22:59
Which on average is more than men, but less than parents of new-born babies, both mothers
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ
23:05
and fathers.
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์™€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:06
They cry almost as much as their babies!
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ๋งŒํผ ์šด๋‹ค!
23:08
Today, weโ€™ve been talking about crying โ€“ or weeping, as itโ€™s sometimes called.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ์šฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
23:14
People who often cry at work risk not being taken seriously โ€“ not treated as deserving
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23:19
of attention or respect.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์กด๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:22
This means they might get a label โ€“ becoming known as someone with a particular kind of
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹์ง€๋ผ๋„ ํŠน์ • ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
.
23:27
personality, even though that may not be true.
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23:30
But crying is also a healthy way of expressing emotions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šธ์Œ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:34
It can help deal with resentments โ€“ feelings of anger that you have been treated unfairly.
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์–ต์šธํ•จ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:40
If we donโ€™t deal with these feelings in some way, they can grow into a backlog โ€“ an
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐฑ๋กœ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:44
accumulation of unresolved issues that you now need to deal with.
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.
23:49
And if you donโ€™t deal with them, you might become a ticking bomb waiting to explode.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œํ•œ ํญํƒ„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:55
Then anything someone says to you can become the final straw โ€“ the last small problem
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ง€ํ‘ธ๋ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:00
which makes you want to give up and maybe start crying.
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ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ  ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:04
Whatโ€™s the matter, Neil?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์•ผ, ๋‹?
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
24:08
Was it something I said?
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24:09
No, Sam โ€“ Iโ€™m crying because itโ€™s the end of the programme!
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, Sam โ€“ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚˜์„œ ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”!
24:13
Ahh, donโ€™t worry because weโ€™ll be back soon for another edition of 6 Minute English.
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์•„, ๊ณง 6 Minute English์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
24:19
But bye for now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์•ˆ๋…•.
24:25
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:28
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:30
I'm Neil.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:31
And I'm Dan.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋Œ„, ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
24:32
Now then, Dan, do you ever feel awkward?
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24:34
Awkward?
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์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•œ?
24:35
Yes, feeling uncomfortable, embarrassed or self-conscious in a social situation where
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์˜ˆ, ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐฝํ”ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์˜์‹์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:41
something isnโ€™t quite right.
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.
24:43
Sometimes.
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24:44
I remember always feeling very awkward watching TV with my parents if there was an explicit
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ. ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์ธ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ์‹ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ TV๋ฅผ
๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:51
love scene.
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.
24:52
You know, people canoodling.
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ canoodling.
24:53
Oh yes, me too!
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์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋‚˜๋„!
24:55
And that feeling of awkwardness is what we are looking at in today's 6 Minute English,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•จ์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
25:00
and how it is all connected to social rules.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:03
Social rules are the unspoken rules which we follow in everyday life - the way we interact
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™, ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
25:08
with other people and particularly with strangers.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:11
Yes.
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์˜ˆ.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฒ„์Šค ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:12
For example, if youโ€™re waiting at a bus stop, itโ€™s OK to talk about the weather
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25:16
to a stranger.
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.
25:17
But it would be very awkward if you broke that social rule by asking them about, oh
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
25:21
I don't know, how much money they earned.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ด๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:23
Oh yes, that would be wrong, wouldn't it?
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์˜ค ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ‹€๋ฆด๊ฑฐ์•ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€?
25:26
And weโ€™ll find out about another awkward situation on the underground railway later
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋’ท๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ง€ํ•˜ ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:31
in the programme.
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.
๊ทธ ์ „์— ํ€ด์ฆˆ. ๊ฐ€์žฅ
25:32
Before that though, a quiz.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋Š”?
25:34
Which city has the oldest underground railway?
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25:37
Is it:
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25:38
a) London
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a) ๋Ÿฐ๋˜
25:39
b) New York or
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b) ๋‰ด์š• ๋˜๋Š”
25:41
c) Tokyo
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c) ๋„์ฟ„
25:42
Aha!
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์•„ํ•˜!
25:43
Well, Iโ€™m pretty confident about this!
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฝค ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
25:45
I think itโ€™s London.
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:46
Well, Iโ€™ll have the answer later in the programme.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค .
25:50
Dr Raj Persuad is a psychologist.
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Dr Raj Persuad๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Seriously์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
25:53
He was a guest on the BBC radio programme Seriously.
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25:56
He was talking about social rules.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:58
How does he say they affect our lives?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
26:02
How do we understand what the implicit social rules are that govern our behaviour?
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26:07
They're so implicit.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:09
They're so almost invisible - yet we all obey them - i.e. they're massively powerful that
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์ˆœ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ
26:15
the only way to get at them, because you couldn't use an MRI brain scanner or a microscopeโ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MRI ๋‡Œ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋‚˜ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ
26:20
What's the tool you would use to illuminate the social rules that actually govern our
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™
26:24
lives?
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?
26:26
How do they affect our lives?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ ๊นŒ?
26:28
He says that they govern our behaviour, they govern our lives โ€“ this means that they
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
26:33
'control' our lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ 'ํ†ต์ œ'ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:35
They 'rule' our lives.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ '์ง€๋ฐฐ'ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:36
Whatโ€™s interesting is that he says these social rules are implicit.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:40
They are not written down anywhere.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:42
They are unspoken but understood.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:45
If they are unspoken and not written down, how can scientists and sociologists study
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
26:51
them?
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?
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
26:52
How can they find out about them?
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26:53
They need a way to illuminate the rules.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐํž ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:56
This means a way of shining a metaphorical light on them to see what they are.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์€์œ ์  ๋น›์„ ๋น„์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:00
Hereโ€™s Dr Persaud again.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ Persaud ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:03
How do we understand what the implicit social rules are that govern our behaviour?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
27:09
They're so implicit.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:11
They're so almost invisible - yet we all obey them i.e. they're massively powerful that
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋ณต์ข…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
27:17
the only way to get at them, because you couldn't use an MRI brain scanner or a microscopeโ€ฆ
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MRI ๋‡Œ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋‚˜ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์–ป์„
์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™
27:22
What's the tool you would use to illuminate the social rules that actually govern our
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27:26
lives?
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?
๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
27:28
One way to find out about a rule is to break it.
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27:31
Another word for 'break' when we're talking about rules is breach and breaching experiments
481
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ 'ํŒŒ๊ดด'์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์‹คํ—˜์€
27:36
were used to learn about social rules.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:39
Here's Dr Persaud describing one of those experiments.
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Persaud ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
27:43
You breached the social rule on purpose.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ณ ์˜๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:46
So a classic one โ€“ people would go into the Metro, the underground railway โ€“ Tube
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ โ€“ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ , ์ง€ํ•˜ ์ฒ ๋„ โ€“ ํŠœ๋ธŒ
27:50
โ€“ and there'd be only one person sitting in a carriage.
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โ€“ ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ฐจ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์˜†์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์•‰์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:53
You would go and sit next to that person.
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27:55
And if that led to awkwardness or discomfort, where the person got off the tube stop immediately,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•จ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
27:59
you had discovered a social rule.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:02
So, what was the experiment?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
28:04
Well, quite simply, find a nearly empty train carriage and then go and sit right next to
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์Œ, ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ,
28:10
someone rather than a distance away.
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์•‰์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋ฉด
28:13
If that person then feels uncomfortable or awkward, and that's something you can tell
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28:17
by watching their behaviour โ€“ for example, do they change seat, move carriage or get
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ขŒ์„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
28:22
off the train completely?
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
28:23
If they do, then you know youโ€™ve discovered a rule.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
28:27
So you find a rule by breaking it or breaching it.
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28:30
OK, time to review our vocabulary, but first, letโ€™s have the answer to the quiz question.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
28:36
I asked which city has the oldest underground railway.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค .
28:40
Is it:
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a)๋Ÿฐ๋˜
28:41
a) London
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b)๋‰ด์š•
28:42
b) New York and
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c)๋„์ฟ„
28:43
c) Tokyo
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๋‹จ, ๊ฝค ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ๋งŒํ–ˆ์ง€.
28:44
Dan, you were pretty confident.
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28:45
I was!
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๋‚˜๋Š” ~์˜€๋‹ค!
๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:46
I said London, but now Iโ€™m having second thoughts.
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28:49
I think it might be New York.
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๋‰ด์š•์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:51
Ohโ€ฆ
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์•„...
28:52
That's a little bit awkward, isn't it?
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข€ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜์ฃ ?
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฅธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
28:55
Well, it is London, so I don't know if you're right or wrong!
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28:57
I feel a bit uncomfortable now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ข€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ด์š”.
29:00
The facts are that London opened in 1863.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์€ 1863๋…„์— ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:04
New York was 1904 and Tokyo, 1927.
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๋‰ด์š•์€ 1904๋…„, ๋„์ฟ„๋Š” 1927๋…„์— ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:08
Well done, and extra bonus points if you knew any of those dates.
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์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:11
Now it's time for our vocabulary.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:13
I hope it doesnโ€™t make you feel awkward, but you can you start, Dan?
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์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”, ๋Œ„?
29:17
Of course!
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๋ฌผ๋ก !
29:18
And the adjective awkward, and its noun awkwardness, are on our list for today.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•จ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•จ์ด
์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:23
They mean 'an uncomfortable feeling in a social situation'.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ '์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:27
This is all connected with the idea of social rules โ€“ unspoken, but well-known rules which
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์น™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
29:32
we follow in daily life to avoid awkward situations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:36
The rules, as Neil said, are not spoken and they are not written down but we know them
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Neil์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
29:41
and understand them.
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์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:43
They are implicit.
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์•”์‹œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:44
And these implicit rules govern our lives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:47
The verb govern means to 'control and rule'.
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์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค(govern)๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค', '์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:50
To see something clearly, either in reality or metaphorically, you need to put some light
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ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์€์œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น›์„ ๋น„์ถœ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:55
on it.
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.
29:56
You need to illuminate it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:58
And that was the next of our words, the verb illuminate.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ์กฐ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ break์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:02
And finally we had a word which means, when we're talking about rules, the same as break,
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30:07
to breach.
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.
30:08
In experiments, they breached the rules to learn more about them.
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์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:11
Well, we donโ€™t want to breach any rules so itโ€™s time for us to leave you for today.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ทœ์น™๋„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋– ๋‚  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:16
But donโ€™t worry we will be back.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ
30:18
In the meantime, you can find us in all the usual places online and on social media, just
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30:22
look for BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:24
Bye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์•ˆ๋…•!
30:28
Bye-bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:33
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:35
I'm Neil.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:36
And I'm Rob.
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์ž, Rob, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
30:37
Now, Rob, would you say that you are an introvert or an extrovert?
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30:41
What a good question!
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์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
30:42
Well, extroverts are confident in their personality.
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์Œ, ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:46
They're outgoing and comfortable in social situations.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๊ต์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
30:49
So, I would have to say that, if anything, Iโ€™m the opposite.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:53
Iโ€™m more of an introvert.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:54
Iโ€™m really quite shy.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ˆ˜์ค์Œ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
30:56
I feel uncomfortable in social situations.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค.
30:59
For example, if I go to a party, where I donโ€™t know anyone I usually feel very embarrassed
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œ
31:03
and I find it impossible to start conversations with strangers.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์™€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
31:08
But you do all of this on the radio and videos for Learning English, donโ€™t you?
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31:12
Some would say you have to be an extrovert to do what we do.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:16
Ah!
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์•„!
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:17
Well, maybe Iโ€™m pretending to be an extrovert to hide the fact that Iโ€™m an introvert.
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31:21
Itโ€™s quite a common thing, you know.
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๊ฝค ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:23
Well, it might not be so easy to hide in the future because researchers have developed
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
31:28
a computer program that can tell your personality from looking at where you look, by tracking
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:33
your eye movements.
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.
31:34
Wow!
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์šฐ์™€!
๊ฝค ํ•˜์ดํ…Œํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์„ญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:35
That sounds pretty hi-tech, and scary.
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31:37
Well, weโ€™ll learn more shortly, but first a question on the topic of clever computers.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง ๋” ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:43
The letters 'AI' stand for Artificial Intelligence but what are the letters 'AI'?
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๋ฌธ์ž 'AI'๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ž 'AI'๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
31:49
Are they
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31:50
A) an abbreviation
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A) ์•ฝ์–ด
31:52
B) an acronym, or
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B) ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด ๋˜๋Š”
C) ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
31:54
C) an initialism?
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31:55
OK, I thought that was going to be easy, but I think itโ€™s an abbreviation, isnโ€™t it?
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์ข‹์•„, ์‰ฌ์šธ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ˆ?
32:00
Well, youโ€™ll have to wait to the end of the programme to find out!
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์Œ, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
32:04
Sabrina Hoppe is a researcher at the University of Stuttgart.
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Sabrina Hoppe๋Š” ์ŠˆํˆฌํŠธ๊ฐ€๋ฅดํŠธ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
32:08
She was interviewed on the BBC Radio programme All In The Mind.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ All In The Mind์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:12
She spoke about an experiment in which they tracked the eye movements of people in real
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:17
situations.
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.
32:18
This is what she said about the research.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ด ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ†ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
32:21
Was she confident the experiment would work in the real world?
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32:26
The main finding in our study is that it is possible at all to just look at eye movements
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
32:31
and then predict something about their personality.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:34
And before our study, it was not clear at all if this would be possible from eye movements
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:38
in such an unconstrained real world setting.
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.
32:42
So, was she confident this would work?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
32:44
No, not really.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ง.
32:46
She said that before the study it wasnโ€™t clear if it would be possible in an unconstrained
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:51
real-world setting.
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.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:53
Unconstrained here means that there wasnโ€™t strict control over the conditions of the
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32:57
experiment.
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.
32:58
It took place in the โ€˜real-worldโ€™ โ€“ so not in a laboratory.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ '์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„'์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
33:02
The result of the experiment - or the finding, as she called it - was that by following eye
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์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์˜
33:06
movements, a computer programme was able to work out the personality of the subjects.
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์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:11
Letโ€™s listen again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
33:13
The main finding in our study is that it is possible at all to just look at eye movements
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
33:18
and then predict something about their personality.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:22
And before our study, it was not clear at all if this would be possible from eye movements
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33:26
in such an unconstrained real world setting.
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.
33:29
So how does the software work, for example, what are the differences in the eye movements
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์šด๋™์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
33:33
of extroverts compared to introverts?
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?
33:37
We still don't really know in detail what makes the difference.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์ง ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
33:40
We can only tell that there are differences and that we know computer programs that can
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:44
pick up those differences.
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.
33:46
Maybe extrovert people look up a lot because they want to look at people's faces, whereas
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด,
33:51
some super introvert person maybe just stares at their own shoes, if you want to take the
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ๋ฐœ๋งŒ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:56
extreme examples.
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.
33:57
So, probably it somehow changes gaze.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์‹œ์„ ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
34:00
But we only know that this information is there and somehow our program figured out
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด
34:05
how to extract it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:07
So how does it work?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
34:08
Well, thatโ€™s the strange thing.
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:10
She said that she didnโ€™t really know, at least not in detail.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
34:14
She did say that our personality somehow changes gaze.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
34:18
Gaze is another word for looking at something.
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์‘์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:21
So maybe we gaze in different ways depending on our personality.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‘์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋” ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋” ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:26
Extroverts may look up more and introverts, like me, may look down more.
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34:30
Yes, it was interesting that she said that she didnโ€™t know how it did it, but the program
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ง€๋งŒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด
34:35
somehow managed to figure it out.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“  ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:38
The phrasal verb to figure something out means 'to understand or realise something'.
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๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ to figure out something์€ '๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:43
Time to review todayโ€™s vocabulary, but first, letโ€™s have the answer to the quiz question.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
34:48
I asked what are the letters AI?
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AI๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:50
Are they
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34:52
A) an abbreviation
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A) ์•ฝ์–ด
34:53
B) an acronym
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B) ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด
34:55
C) an initialism
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C) ๋‘๋ฌธ์ž์–ด
34:57
Rob, what did you say?
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Rob, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด?
34:58
I said A) an abbreviation.
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๋‚˜๋Š” A) ์•ฝ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
35:01
Well sorry, no, AI is C), so to speak.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, AI๋Š” C)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:05
It's an initialism.
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35:06
Itโ€™s the first letters of the words 'artificial intelligence', but itโ€™s not pronounced like
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'์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž์ธ๋ฐ , ์‹ ์กฐ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
35:11
a new word, just the initial letters.
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, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๋งŒ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:14
Right, time now to review todayโ€™s vocabulary.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:17
Yes.
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์˜ˆ.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:18
We had the word extrovert.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
35:20
This describes someone who has a very outgoing personality.
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35:23
An extrovert is confident and socially comfortable.
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์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:26
By contrast, an introvert is someone who is shy and not comfortable in social situations
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๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค์Œ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ถˆํŽธ
35:32
and doesnโ€™t like being the centre of attention.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:35
Our report today talked about the findings of some new research.
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35:38
A finding is something that has been learnt, discovered or indeed, found out.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:43
It is the conclusion that is reached.
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๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:45
Then we had unconstrained to describe the experiment which was not carried out in a
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
35:49
controlled environment.
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.
35:51
So unconstrained means 'not limited or restricted'.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์€ ' ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:55
Our next word was gaze.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์‘์‹œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:57
This is a word that means 'our way of looking at something'.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ '์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
36:00
Yes, the findings of the research suggest that our personality can affect our gaze.
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์˜ˆ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์‹œ์„ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:05
And this was something the computer was able to figure out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
36:09
To figure out means 'to study something and reach an answer to a particular question or
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'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:14
problem'.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ!
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„?
36:15
Right!
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36:16
Well, you know what Iโ€™ve just figured out?
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36:17
Do tell!
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๋งํ•˜๋ผ!
36:18
Itโ€™s time to bring this edition of 6 Minute English to an end.
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6 Minute English์˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ํŽธ์„ ๋๋‚ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
36:21
We hope you can join us again, but until then we are bbclearningenglish.com and you can
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” bbclearningenglish.com์ด๋ฉฐ
36:26
find us on social media, online and on our app.
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ฑ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
36:29
Bye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์•ˆ๋…•!
36:32
Bye-bye!
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36:35
Hello.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
36:38
This is 6 Minute English and I'm Neil.
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6๋ถ„์˜์–ด ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:40
Joining me for our discussion is Georgina.
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ํ† ๋ก ์— ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ Georgina์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:42
Georgina
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์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜
๋‹ ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋„Œ ์ˆ˜๋‹ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ต์ ์ธ
36:43
Neil Now, Georgina, youโ€™re a chatty, sociable
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36:46
kind of person, arenโ€™t you?
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด์ž–์•„?
36:48
Georgina
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Georgina
36:49
But would you go up to a stranger and strike up a conversation?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
36:53
That might be going too far โ€“ if you donโ€™t know them, what are you going to start talking
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
36:57
about?
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?
36:58
A good question.
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์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:59
But maybe you should โ€“ because in this programme weโ€™re looking at how talking to strangers
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
37:03
might actually be good for you!
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
37:06
But first, let me talk to you about todayโ€™s question.
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37:09
Iโ€™d like you to answer this.
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์ด์— ๋‹ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:11
To make conversation we need words โ€“ so according to the Oxford English dictionary,
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜์–ด
์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋žต ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
37:17
approximately how many words are in use in the English language?
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37:21
Is itโ€ฆ a) 171,146
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ
37:27
b) 271,146 c) 371,146
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37:35
We use a lot of words in English, but not 371,000 โ€“ so Iโ€™ll go for a) 171,146.
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37:47
OK.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
์Œ, ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
37:48
Well, as always I will reveal the answer later in the programme.
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37:50
Now, letโ€™s continue our conversation about having conversations with strangers!
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค!
37:56
Many of us spend part of every day surrounded by strangers, whether on our commute to work,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผ๊ธธ,
38:01
sitting in a park or cafe, or visiting the supermarket.
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๊ณต์›์ด๋‚˜ ์นดํŽ˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋งค์ผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋‚„๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ๋ป—์–ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
38:05
But we rarely reach out and talk to them because we fear it would make us both feel uncomfortable
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38:09
โ€“ or awkward.
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.
38:11
And Gillian Sandstrom, social psychologist from Essex University in the UK, can explain
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๊ตญ Essex ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ธ Gillian Sandstrom์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
38:17
why.
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.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ All In The Mind ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ
38:18
Here she is speaking on BBC Radio 4โ€™s All In The Mind programmeโ€ฆ.
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38:23
We kind of underestimate, we have this negative voice in our head that's telling us "I shouldn't
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—๋Š” "๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
38:27
have said that, why did I do that?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ง€?
38:29
I said that story better last time".
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์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:32
But the other person doesn't know any of that and theyโ€™re probablyโ€ฆ they might be anticipating
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„โ€ฆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
38:37
that they won't have a positive conversation and then they do.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™€์šฐ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:41
And they think, wow, that person was amazing.
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38:43
So we walk round with this fear that the other person isnโ€™t going to be interested in talking
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
38:47
to us.
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.
38:49
Fascinating stuff.
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๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด.
38:51
So we have a negative voice in our head telling us about all the bad things that might happen.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:56
We basically underestimate ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์†Œ
38:59
To underestimate means to think that something is smaller or less important than it really
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ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
39:03
is.
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39:04
We worry that what we say wonโ€™t be interesting or important enough.
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.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
39:08
Ah, but the other person doesnโ€™t know that.
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
39:11
Theyโ€™re also anticipating โ€“ or guessing - the outcome.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
39:15
They're thinking that if they have a conversation, it wonโ€™t go well.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‹ค.
39:19
But of course, when strangers do talk to each other it normally goes well.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:23
Yes, itโ€™s just fear that is stopping us.
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์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
39:27
But if we get over that fear, and get chatting, people might actually like us โ€“ and we might
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39:31
make new friends.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ทˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:33
Another reason why you should pluck up the courage to talk to strangers is that itโ€™s
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๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
39:37
good for our health!
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! '
์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„ธ์š”' โ€“ ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Georgina, ๊ฒ๋จน์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ชฐ์•„๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
39:39
โ€˜Pluck up the courageโ€™ โ€“ thatโ€™s a good phrase, Georgina, meaning force yourself
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39:42
to do something that youโ€™re scared about andโ€ฆ research by the University of Chicago
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. ์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
39:48
found we may often underestimate the positive impact of connecting with others for both
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด
39:53
our own and others' wellbeing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์•ˆ๋…•.
39:56
And connecting here means starting or having a good relationship with someone.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ
๋“ค์–ด, ์ถœ๊ทผ๊ธธ์— ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด
40:01
So the research found that, for example, having a conversation with a stranger on your way
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40:05
to work may leave you both feeling happier than you would think.
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
Gillian Sandstrom์€ ๋˜ํ•œ You and Yours ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์™€ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
40:10
Gillian Sandstrom also spoke about her research and the power of talking to strangers on the
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40:14
You and Yours programme.
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.
40:16
Listen out for the word โ€˜connectedโ€™โ€ฆ
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'์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋จ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์„ธ์š”...
40:19
What we've shown in the research is that it's really good for your mood.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์— ์ •๋ง ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:22
So people are in a better mood after they reach out and have a conversation, however
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์†์„ ๋ป—์–ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ํ›„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ
40:26
minimal, and the other thing that the research has shown is that just makes people feel more
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์ด๋ผ๋„, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
40:30
connected to each other.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:31
There you go!
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์ž!
๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์— ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด๋ž€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:33
Talking to strangers is good for our mood โ€“ and mood means the way we feel.
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40:37
Itโ€™s good for our mental health โ€“ and we might discover people actually like us!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
40:42
And even if weโ€™re an introvert โ€“ a person who prefers to be alone rather than with other
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜ผ์ž ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:47
people - experiments have shown that talking to others can make us happier.
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40:50
The problem remains, Neil, that when speaking to someone new, what do you talk about?
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‹, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜์–ด
์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋žต ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
40:56
How about some interesting facts โ€“ like approximately how many words are in use in
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41:00
the English language?
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?
41:01
Which is what I asked you earlier.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:03
Is it? a) 171,146
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๊ทธ๋ž˜? a) 171,146
b) 271,146 c) 371,146
41:09
b) 271,146 c) 371,146
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41:17
What did you say, Georgina?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜?
41:18
I said 171,146.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 171,146์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
41:23
Was I right?
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์•Œ์•„๋ด, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜.
41:24
Spot on, Georgina.
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41:25
Well done!
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์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”!
41:26
Yes, there are an estimated 171,146 words currently in use in the English language,
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์˜ˆ,
์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 171,146๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:34
according to the Oxford English Dictionary โ€“plus many more obsolete words.
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41:39
I shall pick a few of them and make conversation with someone on the Tube later, but not before
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํŠœ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
41:44
we recap some of the vocabulary weโ€™ve explained.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:47
Yes โ€“ so we highlighted six words, starting with underestimate which is to think that
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์˜ˆ โ€“ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
41:51
something is smaller or less important than it really is.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” underestimate๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
41:56
Anticipating means guessing or expecting a certain outcome.
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41:59
I anticipate this programme to be 6 minutes long!
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด 6๋ถ„ ๊ธธ์ด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
42:02
Thatโ€™s a given!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
42:03
Next, we mentioned the phrase to pluck up the courage,meaning to force yourself to do
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‘๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:07
something that youโ€™re scared or nervous about.
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.
42:10
When you connect with someone, it means you start or have a good relationship with someone.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ธ์—ฐ์„ ๋งบ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:15
I think weโ€™ve connected on this programme, Neil!
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์—ฐ์„ ๋งบ์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”, ๋‹!
๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ง€, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜.
42:18
Absolutely, Georgina.
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42:19
And thatโ€™s put me in a good mood โ€“ mood means the way we feel.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด๋ž€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:23
And finally, an introvert is a person who prefers to spend time on their own.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ˜ผ์ž ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜.
42:28
Thanks, Georgina.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ์ง€ ๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์™€ ์•ฑ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:29
Well, thatโ€™s our conversation over, but you can hear more from us on our website and
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42:33
on our app.
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.
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
์•ˆ๋…•!
42:35
Goodbye!
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42:38
Bye!
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42:40
Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:44
I'm Neil.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:45
And I'm Sam.
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42:46
Sam, do you know Stephen Fry?
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์ƒ˜, ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฅผ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
42:48
Not personally, but I know of him.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‹ค.
42:52
Stephen Fry is an English writer and comedian and is well known for being extremely intelligent
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Stephen Fry๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””์–ธ ์ด๋ฉฐ
42:58
and very knowledgeable about many things cultural, historical and linguistic.
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๋ฌธํ™”, ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์‹์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:03
To be knowledgeable means 'to know a lot about something'.
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์ง€์‹์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์•ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
43:07
I wish I was half as knowledgeable as he is!
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋งŒํผ ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค!
43:10
I wish I were a quarter as knowledgeable!
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 1/4๋งŒํผ ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค!
43:12
There is still time, Sam!
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์•„์ง ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”, ์ƒ˜!
43:14
And maybe this weekโ€™s question will help you become just a little bit more knowledgeable
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ „ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
43:18
on the topic of the telephone.
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.
43:21
The first long distance telephone call was made in 1876.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” 1876๋…„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ™”
๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต ์–ผ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
43:27
Approximately what was the distance of that call?
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43:30
Was it:
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A: 10km?
43:31
A: 10km?
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๋‚˜: 15km์š”?
43:33
B: 15km?
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43:34
Or C: 20km?
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๋˜๋Š” C: 20km?
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์ƒ˜?
43:37
What do you think Sam?
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43:38
So when you say long distance โ€ฆโ€ฆ?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉดโ€ฆโ€ฆ?
43:40
For the time, yes.
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๋‹น๋ถ„๊ฐ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1876๋…„
43:42
Remember the telephone was only a baby in 1876.
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์—๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๊ธฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
43:45
In that case, Iโ€™ll say approximately 15km.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 15km๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:49
But thatโ€™s just a guess - a long distance guess.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธก์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถ”์ธก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
43:53
Weโ€™ll find out if youโ€™re right at the end of the programme.
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๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
Stephen Fry๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์• ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:57
Stephen Fry is also known as a technophile.
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44:00
The suffix โ€˜phileโ€™ means 'a lover of that thing'.
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์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ 'phile'์€ '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
44:03
So a technophile is someone who loves technology.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์• ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Fry๋Š” BBC ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ Word of Mouth์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:07
Fry was a guest on the BBC podcast Word of Mouth and was talking about the technology
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44:11
of communication.
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.
44:13
It seems heโ€™s not a fan of the telephone.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:16
But why not?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™œ ์•ˆ๋ผ?
44:18
I think the telephone was a really annoying blip in our communications and that's old
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ
44:25
technology.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:26
I mean that's 1880s, 90s.
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1880๋…„๋Œ€, 90๋…„๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ , ํŠนํžˆ
44:30
When you're on the telephone to someone, especially if you're British โ€“ you know, that Bernard
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด โ€“ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฒ„๋‚˜๋“œ
44:33
Shaw thing โ€“ oh, you know, the moment one Englishman opens his mouth another Englishman
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์‡ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ โ€“ ์˜ค, ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์ž…์„ ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์€
44:37
despises him - when you're speaking to someone on the telephone all the age, class, education,
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ „ํ™”๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ณ„์ธต, ๊ต์œก,
44:45
vocabulary all come into play because it's in real time and it's embarrassing.
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์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:50
I hate being on the telephone to people - especially strangers in shops and things like that because
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํŠนํžˆ
์ƒ์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
44:56
it's embarrassing and awkward.
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๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:58
So, why doesnโ€™t he like the telephone?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์™œ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
45:00
Well, he uses a quote from the writer George Bernard Shaw.
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€ George Bernard Shaw์˜ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
45:05
Itโ€™s not the exact quote but the meaning is that as soon as an English person speaks,
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธ์šฉ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
45:11
another English person despises them.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ • ์ด๋ฉฐ '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๋ฏธ์›Œํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:15
To despise someone is a very strong emotion and it means 'to really hate someone'.
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45:19
So, what is it about the English personโ€™s voice that leads others to despise them?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
Stephen Fry๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
45:25
Stephen Fry goes on to explain that there is a lot of information about someone that
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45:29
people get from their voice.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด, ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:32
You can make a judgment about someoneโ€™s age, level of education and class from the
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45:37
way that they speak and the vocabulary they use.
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.
45:41
Class refers to your economic and social position in a society.
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๊ณ„๊ธ‰์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค .
45:45
In Britain, we talk about three classes: upper class, middle class and working class.
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต, ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต, ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:51
The family into which you are born dictates your class.
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45:54
These used to be a lot more important in British society but there are still different prejudices
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ„์˜
45:59
and negative feelings related to the relationship between the classes.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
46:03
Exactly, so hearing someoneโ€™s voice on the telephone might make you think something negative
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
46:08
about someone based on very old-fashioned ideas of class.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์‹์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
46:12
What makes it worse is that these conversations happen in real time.
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๋” ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:17
This means they are 'happening live', 'not recorded', so you have no time to really think
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด '๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ', '๋…นํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:21
about it.
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46:22
So he may be a technophile, but heโ€™s not a fan of the phone!
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.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์• ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ํ™” ํŒฌ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
46:26
Indeed.
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๋ฌผ๋ก .
46:27
He called it a blip, which is a word for when something is not quite right - when there
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ธ”๋ฆฝ(blip)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ, ์ฆ‰
46:32
is a fault or a mistake which is usually not long lasting.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
46:35
So do you think heโ€™s right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
46:37
Well, actually, I donโ€™t like to talk to strangers on the phone very much myself, but
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
46:41
thatโ€™s just me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ €์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:43
But I do think that although the class divisions in British society are much less obvious and
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ 
46:49
much less important than in the past, we still do make judgements about people based on how
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํŒ๋‹จ
46:54
they speak and those judgements can often be completely false.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:58
Right, nearly time to review our vocabulary, but first, letโ€™s have the answer to todayโ€™s
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
47:03
question.
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.
47:04
The first long distance telephone call was made in 1876.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” 1876๋…„์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ™”
47:08
Approximately what was the distance of that call?
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต ์–ผ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
47:12
Was it:
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A: 10km?
47:13
A: 10km?
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47:14
B: 15km?
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๋‚˜: 15km์š”?
๋˜๋Š” C: 20km?
47:16
Or C: 20km?
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47:17
What did you think, Sam?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜?
47:19
I guessed 15km.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 15km๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
47:20
But it was just a guess.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”์ธก์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
47:22
Well, sadly, on this occasion it was not a correct guess.
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์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
47:26
The correct answer is approximately 10km or 6 miles.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ์•ฝ 10km ๋˜๋Š” 6๋งˆ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:30
Congratulations if you go that right.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:32
Now on with the vocabulary.
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์ด์ œ ์–ดํœ˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜.
47:34
We started with the adjective knowledgeable, which means 'knowing a lot about something'.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์•ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ knowledgeable๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
47:39
A technophile is someone who loves technology.
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์• ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:42
To despise someone is to hate someone strongly.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:45
Class refers to a group in society you are said to belong to from your birth.
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๊ณ„๊ธ‰์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ
47:50
Certain stereotypes are often attached to different classes to do with intelligence
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ํŠน์ • ๊ณ ์ • ๊ด€๋…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
47:54
and education, for example.
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.
47:56
In real time is an expression that means 'happening live, without any pauses or breaks'.
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ '
์ค‘๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋‹จ ์—†์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:02
So for example, you arenโ€™t listening to this programme in real time,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:05
Well, I am.
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48:06
Well, of course, you are Neil, because you are here with me as we are recording.
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.
์Œ, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…น์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:11
But if youโ€™re listening to the podcast, itโ€™s no longer real time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:15
Itโ€™s been recorded and edited.
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๋…น์Œ ๋ฐ ํŽธ์ง‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:17
And we had one other word, didnโ€™t we?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
์˜ˆ, ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:20
Yes, a blip, which is a temporary fault, or mistake.
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48:23
Well, that's all we've got for this programme.
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:25
For more, find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and our YouTube pages and, of course, our
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ Facebook, Twitter, Instagram ๋ฐ YouTube ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์™€
48:30
website bbclearningenglish.com, where you can find all kinds of other programmes and
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ฐ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:35
videos and activities to help you improve your English.
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.
48:39
Thank you for joining us and goodbye!
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”!
์•ˆ๋…•!
48:43
Bye!
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48:46
Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:51
I'm Neil.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:52
And I'm Sam.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:53
In this programme we'll be talking about the emotion of shame.
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48:56
What can you tell us about this word, Sam?
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, Sam?
48:58
ell, it can be a verb or a noun.
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์Œ, ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:01
As a noun it's an emotion for the uncomfortable feeling we have when we feel embarrassed or
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹นํ˜น์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
.
49:07
guilty about something that we've done.
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49:08
Itโ€™s a very strong feeling.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง
49:11
Weโ€™ll explore this topic in more detail shortly, but first a question.
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:15
Now it might seem like a random question, but all will become clear later, I promise.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ž„์˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์š”๋ฆฌ์šฉ ํŒฌ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
49:21
The chemical which was used to make cooking pans non-stick was discovered by accident,
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49:26
when was this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
49:27
Was itโ€ฆ a) 1930s
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a) 1930๋…„๋Œ€
49:29
b) 1960s or c) 1980s
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b) 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ๋˜๋Š” c) 1980๋…„๋Œ€
49:33
What do you think, Sam?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ƒ˜?
49:34
Ah โ€“ well, first, I've no idea what non-stick cookware has to do with our topic of shame
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์•„, ์šฐ์„  ๋…ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
49:41
but as to the question itself, I think it has something to do with Nasa and the space
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” NASA ๋ฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ
49:47
programme, so Iโ€™m going to say 1960s.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด 1960๋…„๋Œ€.
49:50
Well, we will find out later in the programme if you are right.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
49:55
The idea of shame is not new, by any means, but social media has made it a very modern
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์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:01
concept, hasnโ€™t it?
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50:02
Yes, when itโ€™s used as a verb, to shame someone, it means to say or write things in
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์˜ˆ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
50:08
public designed to make other people feel bad about their behaviour and this is something
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
50:13
we see a lot In social media.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:16
This topic was discussed on a recent edition of the BBC radio programme Womanโ€™s Hour.
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Woman's Hour์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:21
One of the guests was Hetta Howes from City University, London.
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์†๋‹˜ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฝ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ Hetta Howes์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
50:25
Does she think that shame is always a bad thing?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
50:30
If you have too much shame itโ€™s crippling, it's sort of debilitating and thatโ€™s bad,
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๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‡ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง ๊ธ์ •์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:35
but the right amount of shame can be really positive because it effects change and I wonder
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50:39
if weโ€™re starting to see that a bit in modern culture as well from sort of social media
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด
50:44
platforms because if someoneโ€™s done something that we consider to be a little bit wrong,
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ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
50:48
we can sort of publicly shame them and maybe effect some positive change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:54
So is shame always bad?
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์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
50:57
Well, she does say that too much shame can be crippling and debilitating.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์‡ ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
51:03
Both these words mean that shame is so strong that we really canโ€™t manage the emotion,
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์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
51:09
we canโ€™t deal with it, we canโ€™t do anything to put it right.
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๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:13
But she does say that a bit of shame can be positive because it effects change.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:20
This means that it causes change.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
51:23
If someone is shamed on social media, itโ€™s very public and can mean that they change
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51:28
their behaviour.
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.
51:29
I suppose though there is one group I think have to accept public shaming, and perhaps
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๊ณต๊ณต ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„
51:34
deserve it more than others.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ฐ›์„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:36
I think I can guess.
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์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
51:38
Would it be politicians, perhaps?
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ •์น˜์ธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
51:41
These days we are very cynical about politicians, arenโ€™t we?
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์š”์ฆˆ์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
51:45
Social media is one area where the public can directly contact and comment on what their
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜
51:51
representatives are or arenโ€™t doing.
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๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:54
But politicians are a particular kind of person, arenโ€™t they?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์น˜์ธ์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
51:57
Cultural historian Tiffany Watt-Smith made this comment on the same Womanโ€™s Hour programme.
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๋ฌธํ™” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ธ Tiffany Watt-Smith๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:04
Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesnโ€™t experience that
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๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์€... ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
52:08
at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that'sโ€ฆ thatโ€™s a kind of frightening
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ…Œํ”Œ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋œ ์ •์น˜์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ๊ฑด... ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด
52:12
image.
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:14
Whatโ€™s she saying here, Sam?
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ, ์ƒ˜?
52:18
Sheโ€™s talking about how some politicians to do not seem to be bothered by shaming.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:22
They just ignore it and move on.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:25
She describes them as Teflon coated.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ…Œํ”Œ๋ก  ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:28
This is โ€“ aha โ€“ a reference to non-stick cookware!
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ โ€“ ์•„ํ•˜ โ€“ ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
ํ…Œํ”Œ๋ก ์€ ๋ƒ„๋น„์™€ ํ”„๋ผ์ดํŒฌ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:33
Teflon is the brand name of the chemical which was used to make pots and pans non-stick.
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52:38
The pans were coated or covered in this material.
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ํŒฌ์„ ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฎ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
52:42
The reference to politicians is that there are some to whom criticism and shame just
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์ •์น˜์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์€ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์ด
52:47
donโ€™t stick.
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๊ณ ์ฐฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:49
They manage to avoid any negative consequences of their actions and this, she says, is scary.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์„ญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:56
Hereโ€™s Tiffany Watt-Smith again.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ Tiffany Watt-Smith๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์€... ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
53:00
Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesnโ€™t experience that
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ…Œํ”Œ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋œ ์ •์น˜์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ๊ฑด... ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด
53:04
at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that'sโ€ฆ thatโ€™s a kind of frightening
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53:08
image.
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:09
Itโ€™s nearly time now to review our vocabulary, but first, letโ€™s have the answer to the
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ €
53:16
quiz question, which was about non-stick coating on cookware, or Teflon, as we heard.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๋˜๋Š” ํ…Œํ”„๋ก ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
53:21
When was it invented? a) 1930s
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์–ธ์ œ ๋ฐœ๋ช… ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? a) 1930๋…„๋Œ€
53:25
b) 1960s or c) 1980s
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b) 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ๋˜๋Š” c) 1980๋…„๋Œ€
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜?
53:29
What did you think, Sam?
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53:30
I guessed the 1960s as I think it was invented as part of the US space programme.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 1960๋…„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค .
53:36
Well, a lot of people think that and, like you, a lot of people are wrong.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:40
It was actually discovered, by accident, in 1938.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 1938๋…„์— ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:44
So well done if you got that right but no shame if you didnโ€™t!
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งžํ˜”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
53:48
Now on with todayโ€™s words.
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์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋ง์”€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:50
OK.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ, ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ,
53:51
Yes, we were talking about shame, an uncomfortable feeling of guilt and embarrassment at something
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53:56
weโ€™ve done.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹นํ˜น๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์€ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‡ ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:58
Shame can be crippling and debilitating.
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์ด ๋‘ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:01
Both these adjectives mean making someone unable to deal with the situation.
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54:05
They can feel so badly about what they have done that they find it difficult to move forward
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
54:10
emotionally.
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.
54:11
We then had to effect change.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:15
This means to make change happen.
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54:17
Note this is 'effect' with an 'e' and not 'affect' with an 'a'.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 'a'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” '์˜ํ–ฅ'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'e'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” 'ํšจ๊ณผ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
ํ…Œํ”Œ๋ก ์€ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์šฉ ๋…ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:24
Teflon is a non-stick covering for cookware.
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54:27
And something that is coated with something is covered with something.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:31
So Teflon coated means covered in Teflon.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ…Œํ”Œ๋ก  ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ด๋ž€ ํ…Œํ”Œ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:34
Well, thatโ€™s all for this programme.
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์ž, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:36
Weโ€™ll be with you again soon, but if you canโ€™t wait, you can find us in all the usual
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
54:40
places on social media, online and on our app.
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ ์•ฑ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:43
Just search for bbclearninglish.
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bbclearninglish๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
์•ˆ๋…•!๋‹
54:46
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
54:49
Bye!Neil
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54:51
Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ €๋Š” ๋Œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹, ' 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฑฐ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
55:01
I'm Neil.
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ํ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„.
55:02
And I'm Sam.
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55:03
In this programme we'll be talking about the emotion of shame.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋•Œ, ๋Œ„?
ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ?
๋„ค, ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
55:09
What can you tell us about this word, Sam?
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์Œ ์†”์งํžˆ ์•„์ง ๋จน์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์‹ฌ์ˆ ์ด ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
55:12
Well, it can be a verb or a noun.
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์™œ ์•ˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด?
55:16
As a noun it's an emotion for the uncomfortable feeling we have when we feel embarrassed or
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”Œ ๋•Œ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
.
55:24
guilty about something that we've done.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„?
์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'hangry'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:26
Itโ€™s a very strong feeling.
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55:28
Weโ€™ll explore this topic in more detail shortly, but first a question.
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๊ฝค ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ฃ ?
๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ.
55:33
Now it might seem like a random question, but all will become clear later, I promise.
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์˜ˆ, hangry๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:37
The chemical which was used to make cooking pans non-stick was discovered by accident,
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š”
55:42
when was this?
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55:43
Was itโ€ฆ a) 1930s
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brunch, motel, Brexit์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 'hangry'์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
55:46
b) 1960s or c) 1980s
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55:49
What do you think, Sam?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
55:50
Ah โ€“ well, first, I've no idea what non-stick cookware has to do with our topic of shame
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€...
a) ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋‹จ์–ด b) Portmanteau ๋‹จ์–ด ๋˜๋Š”
55:57
but as to the question itself, I think it has something to do with Nasa and the space
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c) ๋ฐฐ๋‚ญ ๋‹จ์–ด
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ต์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํฌ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
56:02
programme, so Iโ€™m going to say 1960s.
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.
56:05
Well, we will find out later in the programme if you are right.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
56:09
The idea of shame is not new, by any means, but social media has made it a very modern
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๋‹น์‹ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ฌ์ˆ ๊ถ‚์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
King's College London์˜ ์˜์–‘ ๋ฐ ์‹์ด์š”๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ์ธ Sophie Medlin์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
56:19
concept, hasnโ€™t it?
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56:20
Yes, when itโ€™s used as a verb, to shame someone, it means to say or write things in
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.
ํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์‹ค์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””์ด ์งœ์ฆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:28
public designed to make other people feel bad about their behaviour and this is something
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
56:32
we see a lot In social media.
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56:34
This topic was discussed on a recent edition of the BBC radio programme Womanโ€™s Hour.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ท๊ฑธ์ด๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
56:39
One of the guests was Hetta Howes from City University, London.
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56:41
Does she think that shame is always a bad thing?
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Medlin์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์งœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:44
If you have too much shame itโ€™s crippling, it's sort of debilitating and thatโ€™s bad,
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5779
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””์ด ์งœ์ฆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:49
but the right amount of shame can be really positive because it effects change and I wonder
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๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
56:55
if weโ€™re starting to see that a bit in modern culture as well from sort of social media
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56:58
platforms because if someoneโ€™s done something that we consider to be a little bit wrong,
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.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:01
we can sort of publicly shame them and maybe effect some positive change.
994
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Merge๋Š” ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:05
So is shame always bad?
995
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์— ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ hangry๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
57:07
Well, she does say that too much shame can be crippling and debilitating.
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57:10
Both these words mean that shame is so strong that we really canโ€™t manage the emotion,
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1990๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ „์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
57:14
we canโ€™t deal with it, we canโ€™t do anything to put it right.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:18
But she does say that a bit of shame can be positive because it effects change.
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๋‚˜, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ, ํ•ด์‹œํƒœ๊ทธ hangry!
๊ทธ ํด๋ฆฝ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
57:25
This means that it causes change.
1000
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””์ด ์งœ์ฆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:28
If someone is shamed on social media, itโ€™s very public and can mean that they change
1001
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ท๊ฑธ์ด๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:35
their behaviour.
1002
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57:36
I suppose though there is one group I think have to accept public shaming, and perhaps
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
57:39
deserve it more than others.
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57:40
I think I can guess.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
57:41
Would it be politicians, perhaps?
1006
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”Œ ๋•Œ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ๊นŒ์š”?
57:42
These days we are very cynical about politicians, arenโ€™t we?
1007
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57:44
Social media is one area where the public can directly contact and comment on what their
1008
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์†Œํ”ผ ๋ฉ”๋“ค๋ฆฐ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†”๊ณผ ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
57:47
representatives are or arenโ€™t doing.
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57:48
But politicians are a particular kind of person, arenโ€™t they?
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57:50
Cultural historian Tiffany Watt-Smith made this comment on the same Womanโ€™s Hour programme.
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ํˆฌ์Ÿ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„ํ”ผ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ ๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํŽฉํ‹ฐ๋“œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€
57:56
Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesnโ€™t experience that
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๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ ๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋™์ ์ธ
58:01
at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that'sโ€ฆ thatโ€™s a kind of frightening
1013
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์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:07
image.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:08
Whatโ€™s she saying here, Sam?
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58:09
Sheโ€™s talking about how some politicians to do not seem to be bothered by shaming.
1016
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
58:12
They just ignore it and move on.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:13
She describes them as Teflon coated.
1018
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58:14
This is โ€“ aha โ€“ a reference to non-stick cookware!
1019
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๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„๋ฉด ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
58:15
Teflon is the brand name of the chemical which was used to make pots and pans non-stick.
1020
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58:18
The pans were coated or covered in this material.
1021
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1000
58:19
The reference to politicians is that there are some to whom criticism and shame just
1022
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ํŠน์ • ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์€ ํŠน์ • ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
58:24
donโ€™t stick.
1023
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58:25
They manage to avoid any negative consequences of their actions and this, she says, is scary.
1024
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.
58:28
Hereโ€™s Tiffany Watt-Smith again.
1025
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58:29
Shame is ... can be very very useful and the idea of someone who doesnโ€™t experience that
1026
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”Œ ๋•Œ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์€ ํˆฌ์Ÿ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„ํ”ผ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:30
at all, like a sort of Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that'sโ€ฆ thatโ€™s a kind of frightening
1027
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58:31
image.
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58:32
Itโ€™s nearly time now to review our vocabulary, but first, letโ€™s have the answer to the
1029
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58:33
quiz question, which was about non-stick coating on cookware, or Teflon, as we heard.
1030
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58:34
When was it invented? a) 1930s
1031
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„๋ง์น  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
58:35
b) 1960s or c) 1980s
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58:36
What did you think, Sam?
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58:37
I guessed the 1960s as I think it was invented as part of the US space programme.
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58:38
Well, a lot of people think that and, like you, a lot of people are wrong.
1035
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.
์ด ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋…ธ์™€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:43
It was actually discovered, by accident, in 1938.
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58:44
So well done if you got that right but no shame if you didnโ€™t!
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๋ถ„๋…ธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ™”๋‚œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:47
Now on with todayโ€™s words.
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58:48
OK.
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58:49
Yes, we were talking about shame, an uncomfortable feeling of guilt and embarrassment at something
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:51
weโ€™ve done.
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58:52
Shame can be crippling and debilitating.
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58:53
Both these adjectives mean making someone unable to deal with the situation.
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์ถฉ๋™์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:57
They can feel so badly about what they have done that they find it difficult to move forward
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”Œ ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:02
emotionally.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:03
We then had to effect change.
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59:04
This means to make change happen.
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59:05
Note this is 'effect' with an 'e' and not 'affect' with an 'a'.
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59:06
Teflon is a non-stick covering for cookware.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:07
And something that is coated with something is covered with something.
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59:08
So Teflon coated means covered in Teflon.
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ์ธ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:09
Well, thatโ€™s all for this programme.
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59:10
Weโ€™ll be with you again soon, but if you canโ€™t wait, you can find us in all the usual
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59:11
places on social media, online and on our app.
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ํ–‰๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
59:12
Just search for bbclearninglish.
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59:13
Goodbye!
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59:14
Bye!
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59:15
Hello.
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59:16
I'm Neil.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ต์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” ๋Œ„?
59:17
Hello.
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59:18
I'm Dan.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด!
59:19
Neil, aren't you going to say the 'welcome to 6 Minute English' bit?
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๋ญ์˜€์ง€?
59:20
Hmmm maybe.
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ํฌํŠธ๋งŒํ†  ๋‹จ์–ด.
59:21
How's your mood today, Dan?
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59:22
Feeling happy?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:23
Oh yes, very happy.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ portmanteau ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:24
Iโ€™ve just had lunch.
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59:25
What about you?
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ถ•ํ•˜๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:26
Well to be honest, I havenโ€™t had the chance to eat yet and itโ€™s making me a bit grumpy.
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59:27
Why havenโ€™t you eaten?
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๋‚˜๋Š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
59:28
Well, I was doing some research for todayโ€™s topic which is all about feeling angry when
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ง€.
59:29
you are hungry.
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์ž๋ž‘ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
59:30
You know what Iโ€™m talking about?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”ˆ Neil์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:31
Oh yes, weโ€™re talking about being โ€˜hangryโ€™.
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59:32
Itโ€™s quite a new word, isnโ€™t it?
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59:33
A combination of hungry and angry.
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๋„ค, ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํŒŒ์„œ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”!
59:34
Yes, hangry is our topic.
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59:35
But before we learn more about it, hereโ€™s todayโ€™s quiz.
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59:36
English has quite a few words which are made by joining two different words together like
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59:37
โ€˜hangryโ€™, for example: brunch, motel, Brexit.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฒ„ํ‹ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:38
What do we call these words?
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59:39
Are theyโ€ฆ
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59:40
a) Suitcase words b) Portmanteau words, or
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59:41
c) Backpack words
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ฑ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ...
59:42
Well, I think I know this one, so Iโ€™ll keep the answer to myself - donโ€™t want to give
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59:43
away any spoilers.
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59:44
What I do want to know is if hanger is a real thing โ€“ or is it just something thatโ€™s
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59:45
been made up by grumpy people, like you?
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59:46
Letโ€™s hear from Sophie Medlin, who is a lecturer in nutrition and dietetics at Kingโ€™s
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59:47
College London.
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59:48
Is hanger a real thing and where does the word come from?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ.
59:49
Weโ€™ve long recognised that hunger leads to irritability - in science.
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59:50
But the wonderful world of social media has merged the two words for us and now we know
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ด ์ฃผ๋จน์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์น  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:51
it as hanger.
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59:52
So, is hanger a real thing and where does she say the word comes from?
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59:53
According to Medlin it is a real thing.
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59:54
She says that science has recognised that hunger leads to irritability.
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์•„์•ผ.
59:55
Irritability is a noun which means being easily annoyed, not in a good mood.
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์˜ˆ, ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:56
And she says that it was the wonderful world of social media that joined the two words
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59:57
together.
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59:58
She used the verb merge.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํˆฌ์Ÿ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„์ฃผ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒˆ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
59:59
Merge, meaning join together.
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60:00
I know social media is responsible for many things, but the word hangry actually appeared
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60:01
in the 1990s โ€“ so a little before the arrival of social media.
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60:02
But itโ€™s certainly true that social media has made it more prominent.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ .
60:03
Me, right now, hashtag hangry!
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60:04
Letโ€™s listen to that clip again.
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60:05
Weโ€™ve long recognised that hunger leads to irritability - in science.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ถ„๋…ธ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:06
But the wonderful world of social media has merged the two words for us and now we know
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60:07
it as hanger.
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60:08
So now we know that hanger is a real thing, letโ€™s learn a bit more about it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ๋ถ„๋…ธ(rage)์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:09
Why does it happen?
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60:10
Why do we get angry when we are hungry?
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60:11
Hereโ€™s Sophie Medlin again.
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60:12
As the blood sugars drop, we increase our cortisol and adrenalin โ€“ so our kind of
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60:13
fight or flight hormones โ€“ and those have an impact on our brain and the neuropeptides
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60:14
โ€“ the things that control our brain, the chemicals in our brain, the ones the trigger
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ง์€ ์ถฉ๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:15
for hunger are the same ones that trigger for anger and also for rage and impulsive
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60:16
type behaviours.
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60:17
So thatโ€™s why you get that sort of same response.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:18
So itโ€™s all to do with blood sugar, isnโ€™t it?
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60:19
Yes, it seems so.
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60:20
When we are hungry the level of sugar in our blood is lower and this causes an increase
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60:21
in particular hormones.
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60:22
Hormones are the chemicals we make in our bodies that control certain biological and
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
60:23
psychological functions.
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60:24
The hormones released when we are hungry are the same as our fight or flight hormones.
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60:25
They are the hormones that the body uses to prepare us to either fight or run away from
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60:26
a dangerous situation.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค.
60:27
When these hormones are increased, it can cause anger and rage.
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60:28
Rage is another word for being very angry.
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์ถฉ๋™์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
60:29
And when we are angry we can behave impulsively.
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60:30
Impulsive behaviour is when we do things without thinking, without considering the consequences.
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60:31
So when we are hungry, the same emotions can run through us.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:32
We can be angry and make poor decisions.
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ Facebook, Twitter, Instagram ๋ฐ YouTube ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์™€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ
60:33
And that is hanger.
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60:34
Which brings us nicely to our quiz question.
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60:35
What do we call words, like hanger, that are made by joining two different words together?
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60:36
Now you said you knew the answer Dan?
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60:37
I did!
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60:38
What was it?
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bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ฐ
60:39
Portmanteau words.
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60:40
And you are absolutely correct.
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60:41
The answer is portmanteau words.
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60:42
Congratulations if you knew that.
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60:43
I did.
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ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:44
Alright then smarty pants.
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60:45
No need to boast!
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60:46
I can see that you're still a bit hangry Neil.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.
60:47
Yes, Iโ€™m hungry and that is making me angry!
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60:48
But I think I can hold on to get through a review of the rest of todayโ€™s vocabulary.
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์•ˆ๋…•!
60:49
Well, we also had the noun irritability, meaning getting annoyed very easily, just likeโ€ฆ
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60:50
Donโ€™t, just donโ€™t.
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60:51
Or I might just merge my fist with your face.
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60:52
Ouch.
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60:53
Yes, merge meaning join different things together.
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60:54
I can see your fight or flight hormones are kicking in.
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60:55
Those chemicals in the body that prepare us for aggression or escape.
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60:56
I havenโ€™t quite reached rage yet.
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60:57
This was another of our words, rage, and it means a state of being very, very angry.
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60:58
Our last word was impulsive.
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60:59
This is an adjective to describe when we do things without really thinking about them.
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61:00
We just do them without any control and without thinking about the consequences.
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61:01
Now Iโ€™m off, Iโ€™m starving.
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61:02
Iโ€™ve got to eat before I do something impulsive.
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61:03
That is it for this programme.
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61:04
For more, find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and our YouTube pages, and of course our website
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61:05
bbclearningenglish.com, where you can find all kinds of other programmes and videos and
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61:06
activities to help you improve your English.
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61:07
Thank you for joining us and goodbye.
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61:08
Bye!
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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