The woman whose cells never die - 6 Minute English

75,512 views ใƒป 2021-01-28

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:07
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Rob.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
And Iโ€™m Georgina.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
What do Vincent Van Gogh and Galileo Galilei
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๋นˆ์„ผํŠธ ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ํ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋ฆด๋ ˆ์˜ค ๊ฐˆ๋ฆด๋ ˆ์ด์˜
00:16
have in common, Georgina?
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๊ณตํ†ต์ , ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜?
00:18
Hmmโ€ฆ their first name and last names
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์Œโ€ฆ ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ด
00:20
both start with the same letter?
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:22
Well, thatโ€™s trueโ€ฆ but another similarity is their amazing
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ ์€
00:26
contributions โ€“ to art and science -
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ณตํ—Œ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
00:28
were only recognised after their death.
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์ฃฝ์€ ํ›„์—์•ผ ์ธ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
I know another person whose huge contribution to science
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํ—Œ์„
00:35
went unrecognised during her lifetime, Rob,
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์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ Rob์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
but unlike Van Gogh or Galileo, you probably havenโ€™t heard of her.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Van Gogh๋‚˜ Galileo์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Sheโ€™s the subject of this programme.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Henrietta Lacks was a young, black, American mother
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Henrietta Lacks๋Š”
00:47
who died of cancer in Baltimore in 1951.
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1951๋…„ ๋ณผํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด์—์„œ ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์ Š์€ ํ‘์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Although she never consented to her tissues being used for
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์˜ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:53
medical research, doctors at the time found her cells
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๋‹น์‹œ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€
00:57
to have an extraordinary ability to replace themselves endlessly.
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๋์—†์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
Named โ€˜HeLa cellsโ€™ after her initials, Henrietta Lacksโ€™ tissue
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Henrietta Lacks์˜ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…œ์„ ๋”ฐ์„œ 'HeLa ์„ธํฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ช…๋œ ์กฐ์ง์€
01:06
helped make possible all sorts of medical breakthroughs,
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01:09
from the polio vaccine to cancer drugs, to HIV and IVF treatments.
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์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์—์„œ ํ•ญ์•”์ œ, HIV ๋ฐ IVF ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ•™์  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Born one hundred years ago, in 1920,
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100๋…„ ์ „์ธ 1920๋…„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ
01:18
the great-great-granddaughter of slaves, Henrietta and her cells
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ์˜ ์ฆ์†๋…€์ธ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์—ํƒ€์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋Š”
01:22
continue to provide medical discoveries to this dayโ€ฆ
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ํ•™์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
โ€ฆmost recently, of course, in the race for a coronavirus vaccine.
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โ€ฆ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
But before we go on, Georgina, itโ€™s time for my quiz question.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— Georgina, ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์•ผ.
01:33
I mentioned that Henrietta Lacks was born one hundred years ago,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์—ํƒ€ ๋ž™์Šค๊ฐ€ 100๋…„ ์ „์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 1921๋…„์—
01:38
but do you know what other medical breakthrough happened
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ•™์  ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:41
in 1921? Was it: a) the discovery of insulin?,
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? a) ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ?
01:46
b) the discovery of penicillin?,
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b) ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ?
01:48
or, c) the discovery of vitamin E?
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c) ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ E์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ?
01:51
Iโ€™ll say, a) the discovery of insulin.
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a) ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ.
01:54
OK, Georgina, weโ€™ll find out if thatโ€™s right later on.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, Georgina. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”. 10๋…„ ์ „
01:58
Now, it was Henriettaโ€™s biography by science writer,
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ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์—ํƒ€์˜
02:01
Rebecca Skloot, that brought her remarkable story
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ €์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด ์Šคํด๋ฃจํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์—ํƒ€์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:05
to the worldโ€™s attention a decade ago.
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.
02:07
Here is Rebecca Skloot, explaining Henriettaโ€™s importance
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Forum์—์„œ Henrietta์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” Rebecca Skloot์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
to BBC World Service programme, The Forum:
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02:14
So much of science is based on growing cells in culture
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:18
which started with her cells.
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.
02:20
In vitro fertilization โ€“ that started with the ability to grow
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์ฒด์™ธ ์ˆ˜์ • โ€“ ๊ทธ๋…€
02:24
embryos in culture which you can do in part thanks to her cells
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์˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:28
so the list just goes on and on, and right now
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๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ
02:30
people are often asking how are HeLa cells helping with Covid. [โ€ฆ]
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… HeLa ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ Covid๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [...]
02:34
Scientists worked that out very quickly using her cellsโ€ฆ
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
they figured out what the receptor looks like
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
02:39
and they did the same thing with HIVโ€ฆ
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HIV์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
02:42
so her cells are just this incredible workhorse
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋Š”
02:44
that is at the base of so much science.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ๊พผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Doctors used Henriettaโ€™s cells to figure out โ€“
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์—ํƒ€์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:52
or understand, how cells reproduce and divide โ€“
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์—ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ง€์‹์€
02:55
knowledge that was vital in developing in vitro fertilization,
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์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ์ˆ˜์ •(
03:00
or IVF, a technique for women who cannot become
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์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ์•„๊ธฐ), ์ฆ‰ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋‚œ์ž๊ฐ€
03:03
pregnant naturally, in which an egg is fertilized
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03:06
outside the body.
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์ฒด์™ธ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Our bodies are made of millions and millions of cells
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด
03:11
and to understand how they work
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
03:12
we need to grow them in a lab.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
No-one had succeeded in doing this until
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03:17
Henriettaโ€™s extraordinary cells which just grew and grew.
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Henrietta์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
This resulted not only in new fertility treatments,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถˆ์ž„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฟ๋งŒ
03:24
but later in AIDS and cancer breakthroughs,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— AIDS์™€ ์•”์˜ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
which is why Rebecca refers to HeLa cells as a workhorse,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด Rebecca๊ฐ€ HeLa ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ๊พผ, ์ฆ‰
03:30
meaning someone who does a lot of work.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
But perhaps Henriettaโ€™s greatest legacy of all
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์—ํƒ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€
03:36
was the vaccine for polio.
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์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Hereโ€™s professor of genetics, Sir John Burn,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ John Burn ๊ฒฝ์ด
03:41
talking to BBC World Serviceโ€™s, The Forum:
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BBC World Service์˜ The Forum๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Henrietta would have particularly liked the announcement
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Henrietta๋Š”
03:47
this year that polio vaccine had led to the eradication of
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด
03:51
polio in Africa โ€“ so the centenary of her birth
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐ•๋ฉธ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํŠนํžˆ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
it seems rather symbolic that her
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03:58
unwitting contribution to medicine
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์˜ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ฐ€
04:00
eventually eradicated that scourge of mankind.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์žฌ์•™์„ ๊ทผ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
John Burn calls polio a scourge,
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์กด ๋ฒˆ(John Burn)์€ ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„๋ฅผ
04:06
meaning something causing much pain and suffering.
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ํฐ ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ดด๋กœ์›€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ์•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Henriettaโ€™s role in eradicating this terrible disease
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์ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ทผ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์—ํƒ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€
04:12
is all the more remarkable as she was never asked
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋”์šฑ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
permission to use her cells for research,
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04:18
and itโ€™s taken decades for the Lacks family
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Lacks ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด
04:21
to win their grandmother the recognition she deserves.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋•…ํžˆ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ธ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Thatโ€™s why John Burn calls Henriettaโ€™s contribution unwitting โ€“
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— John Burn์€ Henrietta์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์—
04:28
it was made without her knowledge or consent.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ง€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์˜ ์—†์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
And with the eyes of the world now focused on vaccines
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
04:34
for the coronavirus, this year is a symbolic
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š”
04:37
time to celebrate her centenary -
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04:39
the one hundredth anniversary of an important event.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ 100์ฃผ๋…„์ธ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ 100์ฃผ๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Henrietta Lacks - a remarkable woman whose name is
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ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์—ํƒ€ ๋ž™์Šค(Henrietta Lacks) -
04:45
finally making its way into the history books.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ฑ…์— ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—ฌ์„ฑ.
04:48
But something else remarkable happened
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 100๋…„ ์ „์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:50
one hundred years ago, didnโ€™t it, Rob?
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, Rob?
04:52
Ah yes, you mean my quiz question.
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์•„ ์˜ˆ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
I asked you which important medical breakthrough
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ
04:57
occurred one hundred years ago, in 1921.
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100๋…„ ์ „์ธ 1921๋…„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ•™์  ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
I said, a) the discovery of insulin.
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๋‚˜๋Š” a) ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Which wasโ€ฆ the correct answer!
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ดโ€ฆ ์ •๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:05
Discovered by Canadian doctor Frederick Banting,
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์˜์‚ฌ Frederick Banting์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ
05:08
insulin saved the lives of millions of diabetics.
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์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
And on that healthy note, letโ€™s recap the vocabulary
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ ์ž„์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ
05:15
from this programme, starting with in vitro fertilization,
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์ฒด์™ธ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋˜๋Š” IVF๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:19
or IVF โ€“ a medical technique for women who
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05:23
cannot become pregnant naturally.
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.
05:25
Henriettaโ€™s HeLa cells helped doctors figure out -
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Henrietta์˜ HeLa ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
05:28
or understand - a lot about how cells grow
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์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ๊พผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:31
and led to so many medical discoveries
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ•™์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:33
we might call them a workhorse โ€“
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05:36
something which works extremely hard.
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.
05:38
A scourge means something that causes much pain
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์Šค์ปฌ์ง€๋Š”
05:41
and suffering, like the terrible diseases
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05:44
which Henriettaโ€™s unwitting, or unknowing,
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ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์—ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ
05:46
contribution helped eradicate.
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๊ทผ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Making 2021 a year of hope and the perfect time to
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2021๋…„์„ ํฌ๋ง์˜ ํ•ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
05:52
celebrate the centenary of her birth โ€“
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ 100์ฃผ๋…„, ์ฆ‰
05:54
its one hundredth anniversary!
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100์ฃผ๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”!
05:57
We hope this upbeat programme has been just
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹œํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:59
what the doctor ordered.
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.
06:00
Remember to join us again soon at 6 Minute English.
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6 Minute English์—์„œ ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:04
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
06:05
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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