Present Perfect and Past Simple: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 29

285,951 views ใƒป 2018-04-25

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Well, hello!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
00:07
And welcome to todayโ€™s Grammar Gameshow!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ Grammar Gameshow์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:10
Iโ€™m your host, Will!
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ, ์œŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:12
No, seriously, look, Iโ€™m running out of these.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ด, ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋‹ค ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์–ด.
00:16
You come up with one at home.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
And of course, letโ€™s not forget Leslie,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก 
00:20
our all-knowing voice in the sky.
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ Leslie๋ฅผ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ง์ž.
00:22
Hello, everyone!
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
00:25
Tonight weโ€™re going to ask you three questions aboutโ€ฆ
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
The present perfect simple and past simple tenses.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ.
00:32
OK! Now, letโ€™s meet our contestants!
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ์ด์ œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:37
Hello. Iโ€™m Didactica
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” Didactica
00:39
And contestant number two?
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์ด๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋Š”?
00:41
Itโ€™s nice to meet you. Iโ€™m Pedantia.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›Œ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ํŽ˜๋‹จํ‹ฐ์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Now, correct me if Iโ€™m wrong,
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์ž, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:46
but you two are sisters, arenโ€™t you?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ถ„์€ ์ž๋งค์ฃ ?
00:49
Thatโ€™s correct.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
And linguists.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ž.
00:51
We do everything together.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
That was creepy!
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์†Œ๋ฆ„ ๋‹์•˜์–ด!
00:56
I guess itโ€™s a team game, then!
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŒ€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”!
00:58
Letโ€™s get going and donโ€™t forget
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01:00
you can play along at home too.
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์ง‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:03
Round one is a โ€˜which tenseโ€™ round.
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1๋ผ์šด๋“œ๋Š” '์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ œ' ๋ผ์šด๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ
01:06
Iโ€™m going to show you some past simple sentences
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
01:09
and youโ€™re going to decide
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01:10
if they should remain past simple
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„์ง€
01:13
or be changed into the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:16
Here we go.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
I cut my finger.
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๋‚˜ ์† ๋ฒ  ์˜€์–ด.
01:22
How badly?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ?
01:23
Does it matter?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€?
01:24
Of course!
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๋ฌผ๋ก !
01:25
The present perfect is all about the relevanceโ€ฆ
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
01:28
โ€ฆor importance of something in the presentโ€ฆ
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...๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ...
01:30
โ€ฆeven if the action is past.
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...์ž‘์—…์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„.
01:33
If you cut your finger,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋ฒ ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:34
โ€ฆbut it isnโ€™t important to you
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...ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:36
โ€“ maybe it doesnโ€™t hurtโ€ฆ
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โ€“ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
01:37
โ€ฆor doesnโ€™t stop you using your hand,
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...์†์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:40
then itโ€™s past simple. Butโ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ...
01:42
โ€ฆif you cut your fingerโ€ฆ
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...๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋ฒ ๊ณ ...
01:43
โ€ฆand you need to go to hospital,
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...๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:45
...well, thatโ€™s a relevant or significant
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...๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
01:47
present consequenceโ€ฆ
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ...
01:48
โ€ฆof a past action, so thenโ€ฆ
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์˜, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด...
01:50
โ€ฆitโ€™s a present perfect.
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...ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Well?
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์ž˜?
01:55
Which one?
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์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ?
01:56
You need to beโ€ฆ specific.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€... ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Oh, I donโ€™t know! You...
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์˜ค, ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”! ๋‹น์‹ ์€...
02:01
cut your finger at an artery,
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์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋™๋งฅ์— ๋ฒ ๊ณ 
02:03
and a six-foot-high fountain of blood is
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6ํ”ผํŠธ ๋†’์ด์˜ ํ”ผ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
02:05
spurting all over the ceiling!
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์ฒœ์žฅ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฟœ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
02:08
Oh!
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์˜ค!
02:09
A bit of aโ€ฆ nip then.
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์กฐ๊ธˆโ€ฆ
02:11
Probablyโ€ฆ hospital.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„โ€ฆ ๋ณ‘์›.
02:12
So โ€ฆpresent perfect.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ โ€ฆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Iโ€™veโ€ฆ cut my finger.
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๋‚˜๋Š”โ€ฆ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์ž˜๋ž๋‹ค.
02:15
Correct!
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์˜ณ์€!
02:16
The Olympic Games started.
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์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Is this being mentionedโ€ฆ
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
02:20
โ€ฆfor the first time?
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โ€ฆ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:21
Er,
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์–ด,
02:23
yes.
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๋„ค.
02:24
Then itโ€™s news.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‰ด์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
So, the Olympic Gamesโ€ฆhave started.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ดโ€ฆ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Present perfect... to reportโ€ฆ news.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์„ ๋ฌผ... ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ... ๋‰ด์Šค.
02:30
Official, orโ€ฆ personal.
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜โ€ฆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
You could alsoโ€ฆtell people that youโ€™ve passedโ€ฆ
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ...์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ†ต๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
02:35
โ€ฆyour driving test ifโ€ฆyou want to giveโ€ฆ
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์šด์ „ ์‹œํ—˜์„...๋งŒ์•ฝ...๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด... ...
02:37
โ€ฆthem a lift for the first timeโ€ฆ
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํƒœ์›Œ์ฃผ๊ธธ...
02:39
โ€ฆor just want some attention!
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...์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์›ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
02:42
Correct!
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์˜ณ์€!
02:44
Last one,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
02:45
I lived in London for many years.
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์ €๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Are youโ€ฆdeceased?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€โ€ฆ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:49
What?
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๋ฌด์—‡?
02:50
No!
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”!
02:51
Do you stillโ€ฆ live in London?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„์ง๋„โ€ฆ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:53
I guess so.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
02:54
Then, Iโ€™ve lived inโ€ฆ London for many years.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆโ€ฆ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Present perfectโ€ฆ for a continuation orโ€ฆ
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒโ€ฆ ๊ณ„์† ๋˜๋Š”โ€ฆ
03:01
โ€ฆrepetition of somethingโ€ฆ up to the present.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตโ€ฆ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€.
03:04
Correct!
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์˜ณ์€!
03:07
You're giving me the willies.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Leslie, comfort me!
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๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ, ์œ„๋กœํ•ด์ค˜!
03:11
The difference between the present perfect simple and
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€
03:14
past simple is not always easy to understand.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Much of it relies on context
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ
03:21
and what the speaker thinks is important or relevant.
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๊ณผ ํ™”์ž๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
The bottom line is,
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์š”์ปจ๋Œ€,
03:27
the present perfect is used when past actions or states
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€
03:31
are important or connected to the present in some way.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
This could be past actions with present consequences,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™,
03:40
announcing new information,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐœํ‘œ
03:42
or the continuation of something from the
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๋˜๋Š”
03:45
past to the present.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Finally, after we have used the present perfect simple,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„
03:51
we switch to the past simple to go into specific detail.
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ํŠน์ • ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Donโ€™t forget!
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์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
03:57
Well done, ladies.
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ˆ™๋…€๋ถ„๋“ค.
03:58
Have 11 divided in half.
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11๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์„ธ์š”.
04:00
Thatโ€™s one each!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:05
Round two.
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2๋ผ์šด๋“œ.
04:07
The present perfect is often associated
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ข…์ข…
04:09
with a number of adverbs.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
These adverbs spell out J.E.A.N.Y.
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์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” J.E.A.N.Y๋ฅผ ์ฒ ์žํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
I want to know what they are.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Just.
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๋‹จ์ง€.
04:22
Ever.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ.
04:23
Already or Always.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ.
04:25
Never.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€.
04:27
Yet.
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์•„์ง.
04:28
Correct!
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์˜ณ์€!
04:29
Although, the word genieโ€ฆ
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ genie๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”...
04:30
...is spelt โ€˜G E N... I Eโ€™ so it would have beenโ€ฆ
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...'G E N... I E'๋กœ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ...
04:36
โ€ฆbetter to sayโ€ฆ spell a homophoneโ€ฆ of genie.
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genie์˜ ๋™์Œ์ด์˜์–ด...๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด... ๋” ๋‚ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Itโ€™s just a way of remembering.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
Accuracyโ€ฆ is important.
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์ •ํ™•๋„โ€ฆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
And you forgot...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
04:47
โ€ฆforโ€ฆsinceโ€ฆ latelyโ€ฆ recentlyโ€ฆ
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...์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด...์ตœ๊ทผ์—...์ตœ๊ทผ์—... ์ข‹์•„
04:50
Alright, yeah, we get it!
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, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด!
04:52
You know, thereโ€™s something very eerie about you two.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋‘ ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์„ฌ๋œฉํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Leslie!
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04:56
Scarily accurate!
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๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ!
๊ฒ๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ด!
04:59
The present perfect is associated
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š”
05:01
with a number of adverbs,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
05:03
many of which mean โ€˜at some or any time up to nowโ€™.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ '์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋А ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋А ๋•Œ๋‚˜'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
A useful way of remembering some of them
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
05:11
is to use the mnemonic JEANY!
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๋‹ˆ๋ชจ๋‹‰ JEANY๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:14
Just, ever, already, never, yet!
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ, ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€, ์ด๋ฏธ, ๊ฒฐ์ฝ”, ์•„์ง!
05:18
You could also say JEANYFSLR,
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ JEANYFSLR์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:22
with for, since, lately, and recently.
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.
05:26
But it doesnโ€™t have the same ring to it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ง์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Good work. On to our last round, thank goodness.
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ผ์šด๋“œ์—, ์‹ ์ด์‹œ์—ฌ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Look at these sentences and tell me if the
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
05:36
use of time in each is correct.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
05:40
Have you been to France?
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:44
The sentence isโ€ฆ correct.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์€โ€ฆ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
In these contextsโ€ฆ when time is not mentioned,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ... ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ
05:50
the speakerโ€ฆ is usually thinking of a period ofโ€ฆ
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ํ™”์ž๋Š”... ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
05:53
โ€ฆtime up to now.
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...์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
Correct!
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์˜ณ์€!
05:56
Iโ€™ve seen John yesterday.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์กด์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
05:58
Yesterday isโ€ฆ finished timeโ€ฆ
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Yesterday is... finished time...
06:01
We donโ€™t useโ€ฆ the present perfect โ€ฆ
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We don't use... ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ...
06:03
โ€ฆwith finished timeโ€ฆ
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...with finished time...
06:04
...except in exceptional circumstances.
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...์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ .
06:07
I saw Johnโ€ฆ yesterday.
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๋‚˜๋Š” John์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹คโ€ฆ ์–ด์ œ.
06:10
Correct!
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์˜ณ์€!
06:11
Right.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ.
06:13
Last one.
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06:13
Have you seen John this morning?
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰.
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์กด์„ ๋ดค์–ด?
06:16
What time is itโ€ฆ in this context?
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์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ช‡์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:19
Does it matter?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€?
06:20
Yes.
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์˜ˆ.
06:21
OK.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
06:22
Itโ€™s 11.30 am.
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์˜ค์ „ 11์‹œ 30๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
Then the morningโ€ฆ is not over.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„์นจโ€ฆ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
It isโ€ฆ still this morningโ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... ์•„์ง ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
06:28
โ€ฆso we can useโ€ฆ the present perfect.
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...๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Well, what if itโ€™s 3pm?
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์Œ, ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ๋ผ๋ฉด?
06:35
Then the morningโ€ฆ is finished and becomesโ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•„์นจ์ดโ€ฆ๋๋‚˜๊ณ 
06:38
โ€ฆfinished time.
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โ€ฆโ€ฆ๋๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
06:39
So sorry.
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์ •๋ง ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Past simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ.
06:41
Correct!
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์˜ณ์€!
06:42
Make them stop Leslie.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:45
All the hairs on the back of my neck are standing up.
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๋ชฉ ๋’ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ„ธ์ด ๊ณค๋‘์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
The present perfect is often used without a time word.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์–ด ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
In these cases, the speaker is generally thinking of a
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™”์ž๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:56
time period meaning up to the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
We can also use the present perfect
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07:03
with time periods that are not finished.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
For example, saying
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
07:08
โ€˜Iโ€™ve had a nice day today,' at 8 oโ€™clock at night.
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๋ฐค 8์‹œ์— '์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ข‹์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
07:13
If the time word represents a
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:15
finished time period though,
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07:17
we use the past simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
Good job, ladies.
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ˆ™๋…€๋ถ„๋“ค.
07:21
You certainly know your grammar.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Have twelvty points.
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12์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
Thatโ€™s notโ€ฆ a real number.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด...์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
That is true!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
07:29
But I donโ€™t care!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚œ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์–ด!
07:42
That was creepy.
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์†Œ๋ฆ„ ๋‹์•˜์–ด.
07:43
And accuracy is your speciality,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜•์–ธ
07:46
so release the indescribable whatchamacallit.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” whatchamacallit๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:50
Freaky-deaky!
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์ด์ƒํ•œ!
07:52
I probably did the world a favour there.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ํ˜ธ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ํ’€์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Saved some money on a prize too!
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๊ฒฝํ’ˆ์—๋„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
07:56
And that brings us to the end of todayโ€™s
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜
07:59
Grammar Gameshow.
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Grammar Gameshow๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Thanks for joining us.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
Say goodbye, Leslie.
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์•ˆ๋…•, ๋ ˆ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ.
08:03
Sampai jumpa, Leslie!
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Sampai jumpa, Leslie!
08:06
See you next time.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ณด์ž.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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