BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Animals 2' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

118,079 views ใƒป 2023-07-23

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Hello this is Six Minute English from BBCย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” BBC Learning English์˜ Six Minute English์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:08
Learning English. I'm Rob.
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. ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
And I'm Sam.
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00:10
Having yourย photograph appear on the cover of a magazine makes you
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žก์ง€ ํ‘œ์ง€์— ์‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€
00:14
famous around the world, but imagine if thatย photo showed you hugging and
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ผ์ƒ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ํฌ์˜นํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
00:19
playing with wild chimpanzees.
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00:21
That's exactly what happened to Janeย  Goodall, who shot to fame in 1965,
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1965๋…„
00:26
when she appeared on the cover of National Geographic magazine.
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๋‚ด์…”๋„ ์ง€์˜ค๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์žก์ง€์˜ ํ‘œ์ง€์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ง„ Jane Goodall์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Janeย introduced the world to the social and emotional lives of the wild chimpanzees
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Jane์€ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋™๋ถ€ ๊ณฐ๋ฒ ์˜ ์•ผ์ƒ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ •์„œ์  ์‚ถ์„ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:36
of Gombe in Eastern Tanzania.
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00:38
Jane spent years living among families of wild chimpanzees. Her observations
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์ œ์ธ์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋…„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์€
00:44
changedย the way we view our closest animal relatives and made us think about
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ ์นœ์ฒ™์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:49
what it means to be human.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
In this programme, we'll be hearing from the iconic environmentalist, Jane Goodall.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€์ธ Jane Goodall์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
She reflects on howย attitudes have changed as science has uncovered the
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์œ ์ธ์› ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:59
deep connections between humans and theย great apes. Large primates,
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. ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ
01:04
including chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans, who are closely relatedย 
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๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€, ๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ, ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:09
to humans.
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01:10
And of course we'll be learning some related vocabulary along the way.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
As well as Dr Goodall, the National Geographic photographs also made the
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๊ตฌ๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ด์…”๋„ ์ง€์˜ค๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋„
01:18
chimpanzees of Gombe famous. Peopleย around the world became
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๊ณฐ๋ฒ ์˜ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
01:23
interested in the lives of a family of chimps living in a remote corner
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์™ธ๋”ด ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:28
of Africa.
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01:29
When Gombe's alpha female died in 1972, she was so well loved that she
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1972๋…„ Gombe์˜ ์šฐ๋‘๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์•”์ปท์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:35
hadย an obituary in The Times newspaper.
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The Times ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋ง ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
But what was her name? That's our quiz question. Which chimpanzee's
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
obituary appeared in The Times?
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The Times์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ๋ถ€๊ณ ๋Š”?
01:45
Was it a) Frodo b) Flo or c) Freud?
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a) Frodo b) Flo ๋˜๋Š” c) Freud์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:49
Well, 1972 isย a bit before my time, Rob. I wasn't even born then but I think it's
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์Œ, 1972๋…„์€ ๋‚ด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•ž์„œ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”, Rob. ๊ทธ๋•Œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:57
b) Flow.
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b) ํ๋ฆ„์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:58
OK, Sam, we'll find out later if you were right.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
02:02
Now, when Jane first visited Tanzania in theย 1960s, most scientists believe
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์ด์ œ Jane์ด 1960๋…„๋Œ€์— ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
02:08
the only animals capable of making and using tools were humans.
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๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
But what Jane witnessed about the behaviour of one chimpanzee, who she named
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Jane์ด Greybeard๋ผ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
02:17
Greybeard, turned thisย idea on its head. Here she recalls that famous day, to
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์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋’ค์ง‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
02:24
Jim Al-Khalili, for the podcast of BBC Radio 4'sย discovery program, The Life Scientific.
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BBC Radio 4์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Life Scientific์˜ ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Jim Al-Khalili์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋‚ ์„ ํšŒ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
I could see this black hand picking grass stems and pushingย  them down
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒ€์€ ์†์ด ํ’€ ์ค„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์„œ
02:37
into the termite mound and pulling them out with termites clinging on with their
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ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๋ฌด๋”๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋„ฃ๊ณ  ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:42
jaws andย the following day I saw him pick a leafy twig and strip the lead so
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žŽ์ด ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ผ ๋‚ฉ์„ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ์„œ
02:50
not only was he using objectsย  as tools but modifying those objects to
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ
02:55
make tools.
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๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Jane observed the chimpanzee, Grey Beard, findingย small wooden branches,
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Jane์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์ธ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ์ˆ˜์—ผ์ด ์ž”๊ฐ€์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ
03:02
called twigs, and modifying them -changing them slightly in order to
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์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:07
improveย them.
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03:08
By stripping away the leaves from twigs and using them to collect ants
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๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€์—์„œ ์žŽ์‚ฌ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์™€ ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:12
and termites toย eat, Greybeard had made a tool - an instrument or simple
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Greybeard๋Š” ์†์— ์ฅ๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ์ž‘์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ
03:18
piece of equipment, for example a knife orย hammer, that you hold in your
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์žฅ๋น„(์˜ˆ: ์นผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง์น˜)๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:23
hands and use for a particular job.
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.
03:26
Previously, it was believed thatย  animals were incapable of making
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ด
03:30
tools on their own. What Jane saw was proof of the intelligence ofย  wild animals.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jane์ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:36
Jane Goodall's studies convinced her that chimps experience the same
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Jane Goodall์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฐ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:40
range of emotionsย as humans. As she explains here to BBC Radio 4's, The Life Scientific.
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ The Life Scientific์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
I wasn't surprised that chimpsย  had these emotions. It was fascinating to
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
03:53
realise how many of their gestures are like ours, so you canย watch them
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ œ์Šค์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:57
without knowing anything about them. And when they greet with a kiss and
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‚ค์Šค์™€ ํฌ์˜น์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ
04:01
embrace. they pat one another in reassurance, they hold hands, they
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์†์„ ์žก๊ณ ,
04:06
seek physical contact to alleviate nervousness or stress, you know, it's so
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ
04:11
like us - holding hands, embracing and kissing were some of the chimpanzee's
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๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†์„ ์žก๊ณ , ํฌ์˜นํ•˜๊ณ , ํ‚ค์Šคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ๋ชธ์ง“ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:18
gestures - movements made with hands arms or head to express ideas
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04:24
and feelings.
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. ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ
04:25
In the same way asย  humans. The chimpanzees would pat
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ . ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋“ฌ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:28
each other - touch someone gently and repeatedly with their handย held flat.
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. ์†์„ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Much of their behaviour was human-like- -
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
just as I would hug a friend to reassure them, theย chimps used physical contact to
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ์‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ปด์•ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
alleviate stress -
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04:44
make pain or problems less intense or severe.
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๊ณ ํ†ต์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Inย fact, chimps are so alike us that sometimes they even get their name in the
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์„œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:52
newspaper.
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.
04:54
Yes, Sam - you mean the quiz question I asked you earlier: Which chimpanzee
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์˜ˆ, Sam - ์ด์ „์— ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
had their obituary publishedย  in The Times?
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The Times์— ์‚ฌ๋ง ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ•œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:01
And I guessed it was b) Flow.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด b) ํ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
And that's absolutely right, well doneย  Sam. Give yourself a pat on the back!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Sam. ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”!
05:10
OK, in this programme we've been hearingย about legendary zoologist and
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์ž, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์„ค์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผํ•™์ž์ด์ž
05:15
activist, Jane Goodall, and her experiences living among
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ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€์ธ Jane Goodall๊ณผ
05:19
great apes - primates like chimpanzees who are humans closest
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ ์นœ์ฒ™์ธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜์ธ ์œ ์ธ์›๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:24
animal relatives.
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.
05:25
Jane witnessedย the chimpanzees of Gombe modify, or slightly alter, objects
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Jane์€ ๊ณฐ๋ฒ ์˜ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž”๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ
05:31
like leaves and twigs to make toolsย - hand-held instruments used for a
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๋„๊ตฌ(ํŠน์ • ์ž‘์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ๋„๊ตฌ)๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:36
particular job.
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.
05:37
Many of the chimpanzees gestures - body movementsย made to communicate
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๋งŽ์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ๋ชธ์ง“,
05:41
and express emotions like kissing and patting, touching someone gently
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์ฆ‰ ๋ฝ€๋ฝ€๋‚˜ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋“ฌ๊ธฐ, ๋‚ฉ์ž‘ํ•œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜์‚ฌ
05:47
and repeatedly with a flat hand, were almost human
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05:51
And just like us, the chimps sought physicalย contact to alleviate or reduce the
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์†Œํ†ต
05:56
severity of nervousness and stress.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
And that's all for thisย programme.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Bye for now.
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06:01
Bye-bye.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์•ˆ๋…•.
06:08
Hello this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English, I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
And I'm Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Do you think there are big differencesย  between men and women, Neil?
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๋‚จ์ž์™€ ์—ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋‹?
06:17
Apart from the old stereotypes we sometimes hear, like that men
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ๋กœ, ๋‚จ์ž๋Š”
06:22
can't express emotions.
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
I suppose, biologically there are differences, Rob - I mean men and
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rob - ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ
06:27
women'sย bodies are different.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Right. And it takes both a man and a woman to make a baby.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž์™€ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ โ€‹โ€‹๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Well, that's true in humans anyway, but in this programme, we'll be
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:37
hearing about creatures in the wild, where theย classic boy meets girl love story,
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๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์†Œ๋…€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:42
doesn't apply.
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.
06:43
Yes, we'll be meeting some female animalsย who don't need a male to
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์˜ˆ, ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•”์ปท ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:47
make babies.
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.
06:49
These creatures reproduce by parthenogenesis, also called
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๋™์ •๋…€ ํƒ„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋…€ ์ƒ์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
virgin birth - this is the process where the female can reproduce without a
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•”์ปท์ด ์ง ์—†์ด ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
mate - the term used forย an animal's sexual partner.
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ์  ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
All animal species survive by making babies - reproducing to make
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ ์ข…์€ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
copies of themselves. But amazingly the female of some species can do it
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๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ข…์˜ ์•”์ปท์€
07:11
all by herself.
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ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
But before that, it's time for my quiz question. In Britain's Chester Zoo
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2006๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ
07:17
in 2006, Flora laid 11 eggsย  that developed into healthy babies.
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์•„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์•„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Her zookeepers were mystified because Flora had only been kept
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋Š” Flora๊ฐ€
07:27
with other females and had never been near a male.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•”์ปท๊ณผ๋งŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ปท ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‘ฅ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
But what type of animal was Flora? Was she a) a python b) a zebra shark or,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” a) ๋น„๋‹จ๋ฑ€ b) ์–ผ๋ฃฉ๋ง ์ƒ์–ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
07:37
c) a komodo dragon?
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c) ์ฝ”๋ชจ๋„ ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ณค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:39
Well, pythons are pretty unusual creatures, so I'll sayย Flora was a python.
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์Œ, ๋น„๋‹จ๋ฑ€์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ Flora๋Š” ๋น„๋‹จ๋ฑ€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
OK, Rob, we'll find out later if you're right. Actually, it's not only reptiles
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋กญ, ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
07:51
who behave this way - the females of many animal species are able to
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŒŒ์ถฉ๋ฅ˜๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ์ข…์˜ ์•”์ปท์€
07:55
reproduce without sex.
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์„ฑ๊ต ์—†์ด ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
By doingย this they gain several advantages. They can rapidly spread,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง€๊ณ ,
08:02
colonise and control large areas. And theyย don't waste time and energy
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๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:06
looking for a mate. But, if a world without sex is so much better,
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„น์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:10
why bother with males at all?
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์™œ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:12
Good question, Neil, and one which BBC World Service programme,
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์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ
08:16
Discovery, asked evolutionary biologist, Chris Wilson.
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Discovery๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์ธ Chris Wilson์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Well, absolutely and there are other advantages. I mean, if you're an all-female
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฌ์„ฑ
08:26
population, you don't have to waste time searching and competing
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ง์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:29
for mates. There are no more sexually transmitted diseases and so it seems
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. ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ๋ณ‘์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:33
like the easiest decisionย and yet, less than one percent of all animal species
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ ์ข…์˜ 1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด
08:38
are completely celibate and that's a hugeย fundamental puzzle in
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋…์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ™” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:42
evolutionary biology, that we're still not entirely sure we understand.
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
It's called sometimes, the paradox of sex.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์„น์Šค์˜ ์—ญ์„ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Despite the advantages of going without sex, inย reality fewer than
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์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
08:53
one percent of all animals are celibate - live without having sex.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ 1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด ๊ธˆ์š• ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
This begs the question, why is sex so common when it seems so inefficient?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„น์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
09:04
Chris calls this 'the paradox of sex'. A paradox is a situation which seems
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Chris๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ '์„น์Šค์˜ ์—ญ์„ค'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์„ค์€
09:10
contradictory because it contains two opposite facts. For example,
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
09:15
the existence of males, if we can reproduce without them.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ ์—†์ด ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์กด์žฌ. ๋‚˜
09:19
As a male myself, I have to say I'm feelingย a little under appreciated right now, Rob.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ณผ์†Œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”, Rob.
09:24
Yeah, well don't worry, Neil, because it turns outย there might be a use for
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๋„ค, ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, Neil. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:28
males after all.
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.
09:30
It seems the sex paradox has been solved byย  one of nature's most ingenious
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์„ฑ ์—ญ์„ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ
09:36
insects - aphids. Here's ecologist, Amber Wright, explaining how,
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๊ณค์ถฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ž์ธ Amber Wright๊ฐ€
09:40
to the BBC World Service's Discovery programme.
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BBC World Service์˜ Discovery ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
See if you can hear the strategy American aphids use to reproduce.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:48
The aphids we have in the US, when spring comes around the eggs hatch
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์€ ๋ด„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์•Œ์ด ๋ถ€ํ™”
09:53
andย they'll be all female for several generations and then at the end of the summer,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•”์ปท์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
09:56
they will hatch out males and females and mate and then create eggs that
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์ˆ˜์ปท๊ณผ ์•”์ปท์ด ๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
10:01
wait tillย next year. Kind of, best of both worlds. Hedging their bets basically,
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๋‚ด๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ข…์˜, ๋‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:05
using cloning to rapidlyย colonise and then using sex to mix up the genes.
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๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์„ž๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ ํŒ…์„ ํ—ค์ง•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
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10:11
In the spring, female aphids lay eggs whichย hatch - break open allowing the
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๋ด„์— ์•”์ปท ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์ด ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:16
young to come out.
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์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
The young aphids that hatch are all female.
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๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•”์ปท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
Butย later, at the end of the summer, both female and male aphids hatch out
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์•”์ˆ˜ ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ€ํ™”
10:26
and start to reproduce byย mating. So, the aphids have the best of both worlds -
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์€ ๋‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
they enjoy the advantages of very different thingsย at the same time.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ฆ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Or to put it another way - the aphids hedge their bets - they follow two
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฒ ํŒ…์„ ํ—ค์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
10:39
courses ofย action instead of choosing between them. By cloning themselves
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
with virgin births and reproducingย  sexually, aphids maximize their
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์ฒ˜๋…€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์„ฑ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์€
10:48
chances of survival.
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์ƒ์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
Gardeners around the world will be upset toย hear that those young aphids
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์›์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ง„๋”ง๋ฌผ์ด
10:54
just love eating tomato plants.
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ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ์†์ƒํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
But on the plus side, it seems beingย  male can be useful after all.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
But not if you're Flora - the female you asked about in your quizย question.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ Flora์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
So, what type of animal was she?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:07
Right, I asked whether the virgin Flora was a) a python b) a shark or, c)
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๋งž๋‹ค, ์ฒ˜๋…€ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ผ๊ฐ€ a) ๋น„๋‹จ๋ฑ€ b) ์ƒ์–ด์ธ์ง€ c)
11:14
a komodo dragon?
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์ฝ”๋ชจ๋„ ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ณค์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
I guessed a) python.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ๋‹ค) ํŒŒ์ด์ฌ.
11:17
Well, Rob you're right that some female pythonsย can reproduce by themselves,
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์Œ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•”์ปท ๋น„๋‹จ๋ฑ€๊ณผ ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” Rob์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋งž์ง€๋งŒ
11:21
and sharks too, but the correct answer is that Flora was c) a komodo dragon.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ Flora๊ฐ€ c) ์ฝ”๋ชจ๋„ ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ณค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
OK, let's recap the vocabulary, starting with 'mate' - an animal's sexual partner.
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์ž, ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์ธ '๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:32
Something youย don't have if you are celibate - living without sex.
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๊ธˆ์š• ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ - ์„น์Šค ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
11:37
Animal eggs hatch or break open to let the youngย out.
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์•Œ์ด ๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์–ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
And a paradox is a situation which seems contradictory because it contains
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋…์Šค๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:45
two oppositeย facts.
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.
11:47
Species which reproduce parthenogenetically and sexually have the
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์ฒ˜๋…€์ƒ์‹๊ณผ ์œ ์„ฑ์ƒ์‹์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์€
11:52
best of both worlds - enjoy the advantages of very different things
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๋‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์„
11:56
at the same time.
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
And if you hedge your bets, you follow two courses of action instead of
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ ํŒ…์„ ํ—ค์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด
12:01
choosing between them, so you don't miss out.
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๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
Wellย that's all there's time for. Bye for now.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
12:06
Goodbye.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
12:11
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.ย ย I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
And I'm Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
For centuries, the relationship between humans and bats has been complex.
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์ˆ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
In some cultures, bats are depicted as vampires, associated with Halloween,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ, ๋งˆ๋…€, ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํกํ˜ˆ๊ท€๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:27
witches and dark scary places. In othersย they're considered messengers
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. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ €๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:31
of the gods.
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12:32
Bats play an important part in stories and mythsย from around the world and a
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ์‹ ํ™”์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:37
large illuminated bat signal shining in the night sky can mean onlyย  one thing -
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๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์— ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฐ•์ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ
12:42
a call for help to the superhero Batman.
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์Šˆํผํžˆ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐฐํŠธ๋งจ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
So, do we love or hate these furry flying animals. And with some newspaper
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ„ธ๋ณต์ˆญ์ด ๋น„ํ–‰ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:50
headlines identifying bats as the possible source of Covid-19,
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๋ฅผ Covid-19์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ
12:54
shouldย we think of them as friend or enemy?
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๋ฅผ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:57
We'll be answering all these questions soon but first, Neil, time for another
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € Neil, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
13:01
interesting bat fact.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ•์ฅ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Did you know that bats account for one-in-five ofย all mammal species?
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์ข…์˜ 5๋ถ„์˜ 1์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์™ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š”
13:09
There's a huge variety of them, from tiny fruit-eating bats that fit into the
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์ž‘์€ ๊ณผ์ผ ๋จน๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:14
palmย of your hand, to giant carnivals, or meat-eaters.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์œก์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ์œก์‹ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
That's right. In fact it's the variety of bat typesย that might explain our complex
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ•์ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ•์ฅ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:24
feelings towards them. So, Sam my quiz question is this: Roughly how
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. Sam์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
many different species of bat are there worldwide? Is it a) one and a half thousand,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋žต ๋ช‡ ์ข…์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? a) 150,
13:34
b) two and aย half thousand or, c)
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b) 250, c)
13:36
three and a half thousand?
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350์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:38
I'll say b) two and a half thousand.
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๋‚˜๋Š” b) 250์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
OK, Sam, we'll come back to that later in the programme. Maybe not everyone
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ•์ฅ
13:45
likes them, but bats do haveย  some friends. Farmers love them for
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๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ•์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€
13:48
pollinating their plants.
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
And medical scientists studyย  them hoping to discover the secrets of
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋…ธํ™” ๋ฐฉ์ง€์™€ ์žฅ์ˆ˜ ์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:54
their anti-aging and long life.
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.
13:56
Dr Winifred Frick is theย  chief scientist at Bat Conservation International -
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Winifred Frick ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”
14:00
a group of environmentalists working to protectย bats.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ Bat Conservation International์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
Here she is telling BBC World Service programme, The Documentary, about
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Documentary์—์„œ
14:08
another usefulย service provided by bats in the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
Most bats are insectivorous, in they're really importantย consumers of different
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๋Š” ์‹์ถฉ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ•ด์ถฉ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
14:18
kinds of insect pests and here, in the United States, it's been estimated that
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
14:22
bats provide billions of dollars every year to the US agricultural industry,
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ๋†์—… ํ•ด์ถฉ ๊ณค์ถฉ์„ ์™•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋†์—…์— ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:28
through their voraciousย  consumption of agricultural pest insects.
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.
14:31
Most bats eat only insects they're insectivores.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๋Š” ์‹์ถฉ ๋™๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋งŒ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
And that'sย good news for farmers, because they eat many pests -
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๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ด์ถฉ์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:39
insects or small animals that are harmfulย or damage crops.
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.
14:44
Even better, bat's appetite for these annoying insects is voracious -
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€ ์ด ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ๊ณค์ถฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ•์ฅ์˜ ์‹์š•์ด ์™•์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
very strongย  and eager.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ด์„ฑ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
So far so good, in the friendship between humans and bats, but then
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์šฐ์ •์ด ์ข‹์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
14:55
along cameย the coronavirus pandemic and with it newspaper reports
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋Œ€์œ ํ–‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
15:00
that bats might be to blame.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋‚œ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋ณด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
Before we get into this, we need to explain some terms.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „
15:05
The Covid which people around the world have beenย suffering from,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ด ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋Š”
15:08
is the outbreak virus, but if you go backwards there's an intermediary
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๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ง€๋งŒ ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
15:13
known as theย progenitor virus. Between this and the ancestral virus,
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์‹œ์กฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
15:19
which is decades or centuries older.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์กฐ์ƒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์‚ฌ์ด.
15:21
99 per cent ofย scientists would agree that the ancestral virus of Covid 19,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜ 99%๋Š” Covid 19์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€
15:27
came from bats, but it's the go-betweenย progenitor virus that everyone
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๋ฐ•์ฅ์—์„œ ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:32
is searching for now. One of the scientists leading this searchย  is
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. ์ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด์˜ ๋ฐฐํŠธ๋งจ์œผ๋กœ
15:36
Linfa Wang, a professor at Duke Medical School, who is known as the
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋“€ํฌ ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋ฆฐํŒŒ ์™•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:40
Batman of Singapore. Here heย is explaining his work to BBC World Service's,
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15:40
The Documentary.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC World Service์˜ The Documentary์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
.
15:46
Of course, you know the Holy Grailย  right now for Covid-19, is to discover
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ˜„์žฌ Covid-19์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฐฐ๋Š”
15:50
where is that progenitor virus and also in which kind ofย animals or human right,
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๊ทธ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
15:56
and usually the progenitor virus has to be 99.9 per cent identical to the
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ 99.9% ๋™์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ
16:00
outbreakย virus and so our study was set up but to do that. If you can catch
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
that virus and you demonstrateย  the genomic sequence is 99.9, then
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์„œ์—ด์ด 99.9์ž„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:12
that's brilliant.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
Professor Wang thinks that finding the source ofย Covid-19's progenitor virus
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Wang ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” Covid-19์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
16:18
would be like finding the Holy Grail - this expression 'The Holy Grail',
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์„ฑ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ '์„ฑ๋ฐฐ'๋Š”
16:23
is associated with a cup believed to have been used by Jesus Christ at
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์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ปต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:28
his last meal. It means something extremely difficult to find or get.
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
If you can discover the progenitor virus, then in the words of Professor Wang,
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์กฐ์ƒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™• ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
16:38
that's brilliant. An exclamation meaning 'that's veryย good or amazing'.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹๋‹ค, ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐํƒ„์‚ฌ.
16:42
So, although bats are sometimes wrongly blamed for causing Covid,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋น„๋‚œ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ•์ฅ๋Š”
16:47
they areย good friends to farmers, environmentalists and scientists,
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๋†๋ถ€, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€, ๊ณผํ•™์ž, ํกํ˜ˆ๊ท€์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:51
as well as vampires.
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.
16:53
So, anywayย what was the answer to your quiz question, Neil?
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”, ๋‹?
16:57
Ah yes, I asked Sam how many different species ofย bat there are
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์•„ ๋งž๋‹ค, Sam์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:01
around the world. What did you say?
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. ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
17:02
I said there were b) two and a half thousandย different species of bat, and
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๋‚˜๋Š” b) 250์ข…์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
17:08
was I right?
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๋‚ด ๋ง์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:09
You were close, Sam, but the correct answer wasย a) there are one and a half thousand
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Sam, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋‹ต์€ a) ์ „
17:14
different species of bat around the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์— 150์ข…์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ธ ์œก์‹ ๋™๋ฌผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์ฅ์˜
17:16
Let's recapย the vocabulary from this programme about the relationship
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๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:19
between humans and bats, startingย  with carnivores - which are animals
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17:24
that eat meat.
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.
17:25
Insectivores meanwhile are animals, like mostย bats, that eat only insects.
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ํ•œํŽธ ์‹์ถฉ ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐ•์ฅ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋งŒ ๋จน๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
A pest is an insect or small animal that is harmful or damages crops.#
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ํ•ด์ถฉ์€ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.#
17:36
Bats eat pests voraciously or very eagerly.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ๋Š” ํ•ด์ถฉ์„ ๊ฒŒ๊ฑธ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์žก์•„๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
The Holy Grail refers to something that's extremelyย difficult to find or get.
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์„ฑ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
And finally, you can use the phrase 'that's brilliant' to say that's great
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:49
or amazing.
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. ๋‹ค์‹œ
17:50
Once again our six minutes are up. See you again soon for more topical chats
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ 6๋ถ„์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6 Minute English์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ์ฑ„ํŒ…๊ณผ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:55
andย trending vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.
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.
17:58
And don't forget you can download our app to findย programmes on many more
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
18:03
topics from African animals to zodiac signs and zombies, all here on the BBC
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BBC Learning English ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋™๋ฌผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐ๋””์•… ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ๊ณผ ์ข€๋น„์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
18:08
Learning English website. Bye for now.
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
18:10
Bye-bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
18:17
Helloย and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
And I'm Catherine.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:21
Catherine, what's the connection betweenย hierarchies, managers and chickens?
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์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ, ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ๋‹ญ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
18:26
Well, I don't know Neil, but I'm sure you're going to tell me.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
First of all could you explain for our listeners what a hierarchy is?
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์šฐ์„  ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:33
Of course. A hierarchy is aย way of organising people. For example, in a company
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๋ฌผ๋ก . ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
18:38
where there are people working at differentย levels, you've got bosses,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ,
18:43
managers and workers. The workers do the work and the managers have
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์ง์›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์€
18:48
meetings that stop the workers doing the work.
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.
18:50
But where do the chickens come in?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ญ์€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:52
We'll findย out shortly but first, here is today's question. And it is, surprise surprise,
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๊ณง ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„
18:57
about chickens. What isย the record number of eggs laid by one chicken in a year?
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๋‹ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ญ์ด ๋‚ณ๋Š” ์•Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋Š”?
19:03
Is it a) 253 b) 371 or c) 426. What do you thinkย Catherine?
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a) 253 b) 371 ๋˜๋Š” c) 426์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
19:13
Well, I think most chickens lay an egg once a day, so I think it's 371.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ญ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ 371๊ฐœ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:19
Well, we will haveย an answer later in the programme.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ๋‹ต์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
Now, for hierarchies and chickens. In the radio programme, The Joy of Nine
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋‹ญ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด. Something Else๊ฐ€ BBC๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ The Joy of Nine
19:27
to Five, produced by Something Else for the BBC, entrepreneur Margaret Heffernan
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to Five์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ Margaret Heffernan์€ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
19:32
described anย  experiment. In this experiment,
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์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ
19:35
researchers compared the egg production of a group of average
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ๋‹ญ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ณ„๋ž€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„
19:38
chickens to a group of super chickens, that's chickens with an above average
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ„๋ž€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์Šˆํผ ์น˜ํ‚จ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:42
egg production. Which was the mostย  successful? Here's Margaret Heffernan,
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. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ Margaret Heffernan์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:47
and by the way, the noun for a group of chickens is a flock.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‹ญ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
He compares the two flocks over six generations. The average flock just
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋‘ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ 
19:56
gets better and better andย better. Egg production increases dramatically.
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๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„๋ž€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:59
The super-flock of super chickens, at the endย of six generations, all
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์Šˆํผ ๋‹ญ์˜ ์Šˆํผ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š” 6๋Œ€ ๋์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 3๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
20:04
but three are dead because the other three have killed theย rest.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 3๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
20:08
They've achieved their individual productivity by suppressing the
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜
20:13
productivityย of the rest, and that's what we do at work.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:18
Which flock was most successful?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
20:20
Well, the super-flock actually killed each other, so it turned out that the
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์Œ, ์Šˆํผ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
20:26
average flock laid more eggs in totalย  and was more successful.
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ๋” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:30
Yes, but why was that?
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
20:32
Well, the super chickens must have seen their otherย flock members, not as
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์Šˆํผ ์น˜ํ‚จ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:36
colleagues but as competitors.
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.
20:39
Now, to understand this we have to start with theย word 'productivity'.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:43
This noun refers to the amount of work that's done. So, on an individual level
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์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ
20:49
the super chickens achieved productivity because they suppressed
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์Šˆํผ ๋‹ญ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:53
the productivity of their flockย  members. 'Suppressed' here means
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ '์–ต์ œ'๋ž€
20:57
they stopped the other chickens from being productive by killingย them.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ญ์„ ์ฃฝ์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:01
So, what do we learn from this experiment?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
21:03
Well, Margaret Heffernan suggests that we seeย this kind of behaviour in the
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์Œ, Margaret Heffernan์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:09
human workplace.
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.
21:11
When everyone's equal, productivity is high, but asย soon as there's a hierarchy -
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ(
21:16
as soon as there are managers- -
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ)
21:18
things can go wrong because not all managers seeย their role as making life
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:23
easier for the workers. They demonstrate their productivity as managers
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:27
byย interfering with the productivity of the workers.
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.
21:31
But there are other experiments which showย that chickens are productive in a hierarchy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ญ์ด ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:35
How are those hierarchies different though? Here's Margaret Heffernan again.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ Margaret Heffernan์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:40
So, chickens have an inbuilt, or if you like an inherited hierarchy,ย  that's
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ญ์€ ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์†๋œ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค๋ฉด
21:45
where we get the term 'pecking order' from. But it's one that they create
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'์ชผ๊ฐœ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์„œ'๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
21:51
among themselves, rather than one that's imposed upon them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์š”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
So, which hierarchy works at least for chickens?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‹ญ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
21:59
Well, the best hierarchy is one that isn't imposed. That means a good hierarchy isn't
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์Œ, ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€
22:05
forced onย the chickens. They do well when they create the hierarchy
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๋‹ญ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์š”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ์ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:09
themselves naturally. They work outย  the pecking order themselves.
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ชผ์•„๋Œ€๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:13
Ah, 'pecking order' is a great phrase. We use it to describe levels of
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์•„, '์ˆœ์„œ'๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:18
importance in an organisation. The more important you are, the higher in
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
22:21
the pecking order youย are. Where does this phrase originate?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„œ์—ด์ด ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:25
Well. 'pecking' describes what chickens do with theirย beaks. They hit or bite
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์ž˜. 'ํŽ™ํ‚น'์€ ๋‹ญ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
22:30
other chickens with them and the most important or dominant chickens
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ญ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์  ์ธ ๋‹ญ์€
22:34
peck all the others. The top chicken does all the pecking, middle level
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ญ์„ ์ชผ์•„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„ ๋‹ญ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ชผ์•„๋จน๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜
22:38
chickens get pecked andย  do some packing themselves,
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๋‹ญ์€ ์ชผ์•„๋จน๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํฌ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
22:41
and some chickens are only pecked by other chickens. So, there'sย  a definite
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ญ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ญ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ชผ์•„๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
22:47
pecking order in chickens.
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๋‹ญ์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„œ์—ด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:49
Right, time to review this week's vocabulary but beforeย  that,
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์ž, ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์—
22:52
let's have the answer to the quiz. I asked what the record number of eggs
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
22:56
laid by a singleย chicken in a year was?
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1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ญ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ณ์€ ์•Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:59
The options were a) 253 b) 371 or c) 426. What did you say Catherine?
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์˜ต์…˜์€ a) 253 b) 371 ๋˜๋Š” c) 426์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”?
23:07
Iย said 371.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 371์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
23:09
Well, lucky you you're definitely top of the pecking order....
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ชผ์•„๋จน๋Š” ์„œ์—ด์˜ 1์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰์šด์ด๋‹ค....
23:12
because you are right.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
23:14
That's a lot of eggs.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ„๋ž€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:15
Indeed. Now, the vocabulary. We are talking about hierarchies -
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๋ฌผ๋ก . ์ž, ์–ดํœ˜. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:20
a way to organize a societyย  or workplace with different levels of
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜
23:24
importance.
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์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
An expression with a similar meaning is peckingย order, which relates to how
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ชผ๊ฐœ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์„œ(pecking order)๋กœ,
23:29
important someone, or a chicken, is within a hierarchy.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ญ์ด ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:33
A group of chickensย is a flock - it's also the general collective noun for birds as well -
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๋‹ญ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ญ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:38
not just chickens.
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.
23:40
Another ofย our words was the noun productivity, which refers to the amount
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:44
of work that is done.
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.
23:45
And if youย suppress someone's productivity you stop them from being
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด
23:49
as productive as they could be.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:51
And finally, there was a verb 'to impose' - if you impose something you force it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
23:56
on people - for example theย  government imposed new taxes on fuel.
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:01
Well, that is the end of the programme. For more from us though,
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์ž, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด
24:05
check out Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and of course our app.
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Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €ํฌ ์•ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. bbclearningenglish.com
24:09
Don't forget the website asย  well - bbclearningenglish.com.
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
24:12
See you soon bye.
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๊ณง ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:14
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
24:20
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:24
And I'm Georgina.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:25
Of all the weird and wonderful creatures living under the sea,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
24:28
perhaps the strangest are jellyfish. Those rubberyย cone-shaped creatures
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ฌด ์›๋ฟ” ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š”
24:33
found floating in the water - their long tentacles trailing behind.
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๋ฌผ์— ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ธด ์ด‰์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:36
Someย jellyfish species have a bad reputation for scaring away tourists,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ข…์€ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์„ ๊ฒ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
24:40
clogging up fishing netsย  and even blocking power station pipes.
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์–ด๋ง์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  , ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰ํŒ์ด ๋‚˜์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:45
But with more and more plastic rubbish ending up in theย sea, these days you're as
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š”
24:50
likely to swim into a plastic bag as a jellyfish.
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ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น„๋‹๋ด‰์ง€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ—ค์—„์ณ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
Now, scientific researchย  is discovering that these rubbery sea
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฌด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค
24:57
creatures might provide an answer - a sticky solution toย the problem of
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ˆ๋ˆํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:01
plastic pollution.
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.
25:02
In this programme, we'll be learning how jellyfish mucus couldย  provide
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ ์•ก์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
25:05
the answer to plastic waste in the seas,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
25:08
and of course we'll be learning some relatedย vocabulary along the way.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:12
But first it's time for my quiz question. Georgina, you mentionedย  jellyfish
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Georgina, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
25:16
scaring away beachgoers with their sting, but what is the best way to treat
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ํ•ด๋ณ€์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋…์นจ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๋…์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”
25:21
jellyfish stings? Is it a) with ice b) with salt or, c) with vinegar?
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? a) ์–ผ์Œ b) ์†Œ๊ธˆ ๋˜๋Š” c) ์‹์ดˆ?
25:27
Well, Neil, I have been stung by jellyfishย  before and I think the best way to treat
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์Œ, ๋‹, ์ „์— ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜์ธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
25:31
them is c) with vinegar.
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c) ์‹์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
25:33
OK, Georgina we'll find outย later if that's right. Now as, I mentioned in recent
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๋„ค, Georgina ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡
25:37
years, tiny pieces of plastic called microplastic, have been a significant
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๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฏธ์„ธํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€
25:42
problem for the world seas and oceans. They've been found all over
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:46
theย world, in Arctic ice, at the bottom of the sea and even inside animals,
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๋ถ๊ทน ์–ผ์Œ, ํ•ด์ €, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:50
including humans.
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.
25:52
Slovenianย scientist, Dr Anna Rotter, heads Go Jelly, a European research
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์Šฌ๋กœ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž Anna Rotter ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ธ Go Jelly๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ 
25:57
team of jellyfish ecologists, lookingย  into the problem. Here she is speaking
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
26:01
to BBC World Service programme, People Fixing the World.
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ People Fixing the World์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:05
Microplastics, plastics in general are being an increasing problem. They're
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๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:10
everywhere. When I was aย little girl, we were more environmentally friendly
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์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์†Œ๋…€์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ
26:15
not knowing, so, we never used plastic bags to goย shopping. We always went
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์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋น„๋‹๋ด‰์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
26:19
with the cloth bags. We never used plastic to put our vegetables in it. The
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์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:24
single-use spoons or forks, knives this is for me
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์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ˆŸ๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ํฌํฌ, ๋‚˜์ดํ”„๋Š”
26:29
something unheard of when I was a little girl.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:32
Dr Rotter says when she was a child, people were more environmentally friendly -
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Rotter ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:37
not harmfulย to the environment or having the least possible impact on it.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:41
At that time thereย were very few single-use plastics - plastic items like spoons
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆŸ๊ฐ€๋ฝ๊ณผ ํฌํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์€
26:47
and forks, designed to beย used just once then thrown away.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:51
Single-use plastic bags, for example, were unheard of. Surprising orย  shocking
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ๋น„๋‹๋ด‰์ง€๋Š” ์ „๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:55
because they were not previously known about or commonly used.
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์ด์ „์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋†€๋ž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:58
The situation since thenย has changed dramatically. In fact there's been such
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค
27:03
an increase in microplastics that today, the UN lists plastic pollution as one of
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๋ฏธ์„ธํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  UN์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์˜ค์—ผ์„
27:09
the world's top environmental threats. But how do jellyfishย fit into the story?
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ผฝ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๋งž์„๊นŒ์š”?
27:14
Well, it's the jelly part of jellyfish and specifically theirย sticky jelly-like mucus,
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ ค๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ˆ์ ๋ˆ์ ํ•œ ์ ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ์•ก์ด
27:19
that is key. Here's Dr Rotter again, explaining more to BBC World Service
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ Dr Rotter๊ฐ€ BBC World Service
27:24
programme, People Fixing the World.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ People Fixing the World์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:25
The mucus - this is, uh, like, um, by this viscose substance, that is
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์ ์•ก์€ ์Œ, ์Œ, ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋˜๋Š” ์ด ์ ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด
27:31
being excreted from a jellyfish, might have that they are called the
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27:35
absorptive, uh, properties, so it means that the particles, various particles,
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ํก์ˆ˜์„ฑ, ์Œ, ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž…์ž, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€
27:40
can attach to this mucus, so could we use jellyfish and their mucus
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์ด ์ ์•ก์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ ์•ก์„
27:46
as a magnet for the microplastic particles?
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๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ž์„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
27:50
Jellyfish produce a thick sticky liquid called mucus. Dr Rotter has discovered that
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ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์•ก์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์ญ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ์ ํ•œ ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rotter ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”
27:56
this mucus hasย strong, absorptive properties. It can absorb, take in liquids
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์ด ์ ์•ก์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํก์ˆ˜๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ก์ฒด
28:02
and other substances, and hold them in.
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๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:04
Oneย of the substances jellyfish mucus absorbs, are the particles that make up
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ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ ์•ก์ด ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:08
microplastics. By trappingย these tiny pieces of floating plastic, the mucus
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. ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋‘์–ด ์ ์•ก์€
28:13
acts like a magnet - an object that attractsย certain materials, like metal
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๊ธˆ์† ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ธ ์ž์„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:18
or in this case, microplastic waste.
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.
28:20
As rising sea temperaturesย  and overfishing of their natural
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ
28:23
predators have boosted jellyfish numbers, this novel way of using
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ํฌ์‹์ž์˜ ๋‚จํš์œผ๋กœ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์•ก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ
28:27
their mucus couldn't have come at a
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์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:29
better time.
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.
28:30
Dr Rotter's research is still in the early stages butย it's hoped that jellyfish
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Rotter ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ
28:34
mucus could hold the key to a future free of microplastic pollutedย  oceans.
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์ ์•ก์ด ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฅ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
28:40
Which is a big prize for the cost of a few jellyfish stings. Speaking of which,
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๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜์ด๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์ƒ๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
28:44
Neil, what was the correct answer to your quiz question?
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๋‹, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
28:47
Right, I asked you the best way to treat jellyfishย stings? What did you say,
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๋งž์•„์š”, ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜์ธ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ž–์•„์š”? ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด,
28:51
Georgina?
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์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜?
28:52
I said it's c) with vinegar.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด c) ์‹์ดˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:54
Which is the right answer, well done! Vinegar inactivates the sting's venom.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์‹์ดˆ๋Š” ์นจ์˜ ๋…์„ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:00
So, remember to pack a bottle of vinegar the next time you head
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์‹์ดˆ ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์„ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
29:03
to the beach.
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.
29:04
In this programme, we've been hearing how scientists are using jellyfish
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
29:07
mucus - a thickย  sticky liquid produced in their bodies -
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๋ชธ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ์ญ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ์ ํ•œ ์•ก์ฒด์ธ ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ ์•ก์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:11
to break down microplastics in the sea.
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.
29:14
Our addictionย to single-use plastics - plastic items which are used only once
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์ผํšŒ์šฉ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘๋… - ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๊ณ 
29:19
then thrown away, and which oftenย  get washed out to sea, has created a
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์ข…์ข… ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ์”ป๊ฒจ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ œํ’ˆ์€
29:23
situation which is definitely not environmentally-friendly - that means
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
29:28
having a minimal impact on the environment.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:30
Until quite recently theย problems of micro pollution and single-use plastic
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์•„์ฃผ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์˜ค์—ผ๊ณผ ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ
29:34
were unheard of - surprising or shocking because ofย not having been
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์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋†€๋ž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:39
previously known about.
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.
29:40
Scientists are hoping that the mucus's absorptive qualitiesย - its ability to
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ ์•ก์˜ ํก์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ(
29:45
absorb liquids and other substances and hold them - will allow it to trap
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์•ก์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ)์ด
29:50
particles ofย plastic floating in the sea, making jellyfish mucus a magnet for
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘์–ด ํ•ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์ ์•ก์„ ์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ์ž์„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
29:55
pollution - an object that attractsย  certain materials, usually metals but in this
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์†๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด
29:59
case microplastic waste.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:00
That's all for this programme, butย  to hear more about how these amazing
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด
30:04
sea creatures could help clean our oceans, why not check out
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
30:07
People Fixing the World from the BBC World Service.
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BBC World Service์˜ People Fixing the World๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
30:10
And to hear more interesting items on trendingย topics, why not join us again
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
30:14
soon here at Six Minute English. Bye for now.
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30:17
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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