Grammar: Linking words of contrast - BBC English Masterclass

85,071 views ใƒป 2016-07-25

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:08
Hi Guys! Dan for BBC Learning English here. This time we'll be looking at four ways of
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„! BBC Learning English์˜ Dan์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š”
00:13
expressing contrast AND busting four myths about English people - which is me! Are you
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๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ†ต๋…์„ ๊นจ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:18
ready? Let's go!
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์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค!
00:21
Many people think it rains in England all the time. However, this is only partly true
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜๊ตญ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
- it rains 95% of the time and the other 5% it's overcast.
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95%๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 5%๋Š” ํ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:32
Ah, well. So, however is our first contrastive element. It's followed by a comma and then a clause.
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์•„, ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์กฐ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ์™€ ์ ˆ์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Got it? Good!
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ์ข‹์€!
00:46
Although it's true that we are quite good at following rules, English people do not love queuing!
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ž˜ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ค„์„์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:50
That's just mad! We only do it because without queuing we'd be no better than cavemen.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฏธ์ณค์–ด! ์ค„์„ ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์›์‹œ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Come on!
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์–ด์„œ ํ•ด๋ด์š”!
00:59
Although is our second contrastive element. It can sit at the middle of a sentence or
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๋น„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์กฐ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์•‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:03
at the beginning and introduces a subordinate clause. It can also be replaced with though
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋น„๋ก
01:08
and even though. Come on!
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๊ณผ even even ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์„œ ํ•ด๋ด์š”!
01:14
English people have a reputation for being cold. Well despite being a little formal...
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์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๊ธฐ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ญ ์ข€ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ..
01:20
"How do you do?", "Yes. Yes, thank you. Yes. How do you do?"
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"์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด?", "๋„ค. ๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค. ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด์„ธ์š”?"
01:23
"Yes, thank you. Yes."
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"๋„ค, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค."
01:25
Despite being a little formal, we're actually very warm-hearted
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ
01:28
when you get to know us! It just takes a little
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!
01:31
time to work through the levels of formality. From stranger to friend. "Hey buddy, what's
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ํ˜•์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ. "์ด๋ด ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์•ผ
01:37
up man? How's it going? Long time no see."
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? ์ž˜ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์–ด? ์˜ค๋žœ๋งŒ์ด์•ผ."
01:40
Now, did you notice the contrastive element? We use despite. Despite is always followed
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์ž, ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ์—
01:46
by a noun or verb in the ING form, regardless of the tense. It can be switched with in spite
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๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ING ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ~์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํ™˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:52
of and can appear at the beginning of the clause or in the middle of a sentence. Cool!
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์ ˆ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์›ํ•œ!
02:00
Wow, what a guy. Hang on a minute I'm hungry, it must be time for lunch.
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์™€์šฐ, ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์ž. ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํŒŒ์„œ ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”, ์ ์‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
02:10
Now guys, while
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์ž ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
02:12
international opinion of our food is not good saying that it is bland, tasteless and boring,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Œ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ฒ๊ณ  ๋ง›์—†๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
02:17
I happen to think that English food is delicious! OK, I'm sorry, I'm kidding. I can't do it
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์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์Œ์‹์ด ๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด, ๋†๋‹ด์ด์•ผ. ๋ฌดํ‘œ์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:25
with a straight face. It's terrible really, just awful.
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. ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Now, while is our last contrastive element. It joins two contrasting clauses together
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์ด์ œ while์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋Œ€์กฐ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ
02:33
and sits at the beginning of one of the clauses. Usually at the beginning of the sentence.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
In a more formal and literary style, we can say whilst.
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์ข€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋กœ while์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
If you don't mind, I've got to return to my lunch. Excuse me.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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