Fake News: Fact & Fiction - Episode 5: Why do people share fake news?

37,425 views ใƒป 2023-10-10

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Hello and welcome to Fake News: Fact and Fiction, from BBC Learning English.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค: ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
I'm Hugo.
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์ €๋Š” ํœด๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
And I'm Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ด์—์š”.
00:12
In the programme today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:13
we'll look at some of the reasons people share fake news.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:16
We'll hear from disinformation researcher Samantha Bradshaw.
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ํ—ˆ์œ„์ •๋ณด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ธ Samantha Bradshaw์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
One reason why people share fake news that they know is fake,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
00:24
has to do with this thing that we call identity signalling.
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์‹ ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Identity signalling. Have you heard of that Sam?
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์‹ ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ. ์ƒ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ
00:31
Not until I saw the script for this programme actually.
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์˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฝํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ  .
00:35
Ah, so make sure you keep watching to find out what identity signalling is
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์‹ ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
00:40
and how it's a part of the spread of fake news.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค ํ™•์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Before we get to that, we have some key vocabulary which you're going to
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๊ทธ์— ์•ž์„œ
00:47
tell us about Sam.
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Sam์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
What do you have for us today?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:49
Yes, so today I am talking about: agenda, actors and motives.
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์˜์ œ, ํ–‰์œ„์ž ๋ฐ ๋™๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
If you have to go to meetings and who doesn't love a good meeting?
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ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ข‹์€ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:04
I hate them.
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๋‚œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ฆ์˜ค.
01:05
They're such a waste of time.
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์ •๋ง ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ญ๋น„์˜ˆ์š”.
01:08
You will probably be familiar with agendas.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
An agenda is a list of things that are going to be discussed
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์•ˆ๊ฑด์€ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋  ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:16
at the meeting.
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.
01:17
But there is another meaning of the word 'agenda' that is important
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์งœ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ '์˜์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค
01:22
in the area of fake news.
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.
01:24
If an individual or organisation or a government 'has an agenda',
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด, ์ •๋ถ€์— '์˜์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ฉด
01:30
it means that there is something they want to achieve.
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์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
01:33
This could be clearly stated objectives.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
But having an agenda can also suggest a secret or hidden aim.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์•”์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€
01:42
Let's park the word agenda for the moment because there is another word
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01:46
I want to talk about that has a very well-known meaning but also
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์˜๋ฏธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:51
another meaning which is perhaps not so well-known - actor.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
It's probably a very familiar word.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Somebody who performs on stage or in films is an actor.
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๋ฌด๋Œ€ ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
But the same word is used to describe a person, group or even
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
02:08
a state that has an agenda that's either politically or economically motivated
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์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋œ ์˜์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:15
and they have influence or power that they use
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02:17
to promote that agenda.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์˜์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
In this context you can hear the phrases:
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ
02:23
state actors, political actors, and even - bad actors.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰์œ„์ž, ์ •์น˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ž, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
State actors are governments,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์ด๊ณ ,
02:34
political actors are those with, you guessed it, political power and agendas
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์ •์น˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋Š” ์ •์น˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜์ œ,
02:38
and bad actors - well that doesn't mean people who aren't very good at acting.
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๋‚˜์œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
A bad actor uses power or influence in a dishonest way
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๋‚˜์œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋Š” ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:50
to push a hidden agenda.
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.
02:52
They're trying to achieve something but it's not clear what it is.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And it's not clear who is doing it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
For example, if a government from one country wants to influence an
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€
03:03
election in another country, they may spread fake news stories
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
03:08
but hide the fact that they're doing it.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ˆจ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
This could be described as the actions of a bad actor or
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์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž ๋˜๋Š”
03:15
a bad state actor.
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๋‚˜์œ ์ƒํƒœ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์˜ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
People who spread disinformation online may not be doing it because
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ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:22
they believe it but because it suits their agenda.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋„์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
This spreading of disinformation can be very sophisticated and the
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ
03:31
motives of those doing it are often not obvious.
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์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Motive.
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๋™๊ธฐ.
03:37
That's another useful word in this context.
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์ด๋Š” ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:41
If you like TV crime dramas, and who doesn't love a good crime drama?,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด TV ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ข‹์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด?
03:46
- me, I never really understand them -
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- ์ €, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -
03:50
you will often hear the word 'motive'.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ '๋™๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
"He can't be guilty. He didn't have a motive."
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ์ฃ„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:59
A motive is a reason for doing something and not everyone's motives
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๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
04:04
for what they post online are genuine.
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์ง„์งœ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
But how can you tell?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:09
Let's go back to the studio to see if there are any more useful tips.
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๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Thanks for that Sam.
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์ƒ˜ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”.
04:17
Really interesting, I was really impressed with your acting there.
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์–ด์š”. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ๋™๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
04:20
Well, I may be a bad actor but I'm not a bad actor.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜์œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
My motives are purely genuine.
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๋‚ด ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Well that's an interesting point about fake news I think.
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
04:31
We've heard that fake news is produced by people who may want to
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๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๋Š”
04:34
make money or have a political or social agenda.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Those are their motives,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
04:39
but they can only be successful if we share those stories.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
Absolutely. But why do people share news, stories, images that are fake?
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค, ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜
04:49
Well researcher Samantha Bradshaw from the Oxford Internet Institute
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ธ ์‚ฌ๋งŒ๋‹ค ๋ธŒ๋ž˜๋“œ์‡ผ(Samantha Bradshaw)๋Š”
04:53
at Oxford University shared her observations with us earlier.
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์•ž์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
People share fake news for a variety of reasons.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:02
In many cases sometimes people don't even realise the stories
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งœ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์กฐ์ฐจ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:06
that they're sharing are fake.
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.
05:08
They might find the content funny or humorous or they might think that
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์ง€์ธ ๋“ฑ
05:12
people in their network such as their friends or family or broader
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด
05:16
acquaintances might enjoy this content.
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์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
Another reason people might share fake news has to do with
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:24
the emotional appeal of fake news because it tends to be very negative.
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๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
It tends to also elicit a reaction from people and they might be angry
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„
05:34
and they might type and share and discuss what is being talked about
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด
05:40
in this article because they find it so outrageous that they need
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†์–ด์„œ
05:44
to share it.
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๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
The third reason why people might share fake news has to do with what
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:49
we call 'identity signalling' where people know that the information
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05:54
being shared in this story is false.
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ž„์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋Š” '์‹ ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ'๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
But the purpose of sharing it is to signal to a broader community that
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์€
06:01
they share certain values that are reflected in that news story.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ๋„“์€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
And so it gives people a sense of belonging and
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
06:12
fitting into a broader community of people.
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๋” ๋„“์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Has much more to do with identity than the actual facts of the story.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
So what do you make of that Sam?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ์ƒ˜์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
06:22
OK, well, I can definitely see how we might accidentally share
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:26
things that aren't true for, for example I sometimes see some
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
06:30
amazing photos that I find out later are actually photoshopped.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํฌํ† ์ƒต ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
and things that might make me angry can make me reach for the share button.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์œ  ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
But what stood out for me was this idea of identity signalling.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
We might want to show that we belong to a particular group.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
We share some beliefs and opinions and that it really doesn't matter
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ ๋…๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:51
whether the content is true or not.
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๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
And this is something that the people who produce fake news know well
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ 
06:57
and they know how to make us share those stories.
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์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
Here's Samantha Bradshaw again.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋งŒ๋‹ค ๋ธŒ๋ž˜๋“œ์‡ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
So the purveyors of fake news will use a variety of strategies to
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š”
07:08
get people clicking and sharing their content.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
One of these strategies has to do with just the style that fake news
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋žต ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค
07:17
stories are often written in.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
They'll tend to use highly emotional language and content also that gets
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ
07:26
people's emotions high.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ณ ์กฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
And this is because psychologically we also like to share
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:33
this kind of information.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
And this kind of content, especially highly emotive content,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ , ํŠนํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ
07:39
will go much further because of the algorithms of the platforms.
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์ธํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ โ€‹โ€‹๋” ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:44
And we also know that emotions like anger, outrage, fear are
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋…ธ, ๋ถ„๋…ธ, ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ํ–‰๋ณต์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •
07:49
much stronger emotions than things like happiness and joy.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:53
And so that's why we see disinformation and fake news stories
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€
07:57
go viral compared to facts and the boring truth and the mundane truth
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์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์†Œ๋ฌธ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค๊ณผ
08:03
behind our factual daily news briefs.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ผ์ผ ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌํ•‘ ๋’ค์— ์ˆจ์€ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
We of course still see our cat memes and cute animal videos going viral too
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๋ฌผ๋ก 
08:14
because joy and happiness is a strong emotion but it's not quite as strong
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๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด์ง€๋งŒ
08:19
as things like anger and fear.
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๋ถ„๋…ธ์™€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋ฐˆ๊ณผ ๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์ž…์†Œ๋ฌธ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Now we know that many fake news stories are very emotive.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ๋™์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
They generate strong emotions; the sense that something's not fair
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค
08:29
or people or organisations are doing things they shouldn't and that can
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:32
make us look for other content to support that feeling.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Yeah but good to know the cute cat videos are being shared too.
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๋„ค, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ๋„ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ข‹๋„ค์š”.
08:41
And dogs don't forget dogs!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
08:44
But she also talked about algorithms,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
08:47
the algorithms that social media companies use.
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
So Sam what is an algorithm?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒ˜์€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
08:53
OK, thanks for that Hugo!
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๋„ค, ํœด๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”!
08:55
I might get into trouble here from computer experts but let's have a go.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Have you ever lost a huge amount of time because, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
09:05
you've gone on YouTube to watch a video and then you see a list of
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YouTube์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:09
suggested related videos which start playing automatically?
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์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ฒœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋™์˜์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:14
All the time, all the time. I think we've all done that.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ, ํ•ญ์ƒ. ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
09:17
Absolutely. So you click on one video and then another
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค, ๋˜
09:20
and another and another and then it's been hours and hours and hours.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Exactly. Yeah. OK. So what's this got to do with algorithms?
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ. ์‘. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:28
Well an algorithm is a set of instructions a computer system
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€
09:33
follows to complete a particular task.
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ํŠน์ • ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ง€์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Social media companies use algorithms to make that list of
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:40
related videos just for you.
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๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ผญ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋™์˜์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
These are personalised based on your behaviour online and
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์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ถคํ™”๋˜์–ด
09:48
they get us clicking.
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ํด๋ฆญ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
This is because the companies want to keep you on their platforms for
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์ด๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ท€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:54
as long as possible. That's how they make their money.
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
The longer you're on their site the more links you click the more
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์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋งŽ์€
10:00
advertisements you see and the more cash they collect.
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๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
And the more we click on a particular kind of story, the more
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํด๋ฆญํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
10:08
the algorithms give us similar content.
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Now there's nothing necessarily wrong with that because I guess
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
10:14
after all we're getting a free service which has to be paid for somehow.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:20
But it does mean that we usually don't see things that
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
10:23
we don't like, that we don't agree with.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
And this can make us feel that our view, our opinion
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด, ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด
10:29
is the right one which everyone shares.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
Which is why I think it's a good idea to try and look for different opinions.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:35
So we don't end up thinking that everyone thinks the way we do.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
So does that mean after watching all your cat videos you search for dog videos,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณธ ํ›„ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”
10:44
for a bit of balance?
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?
10:46
I love cats and dogs equally actually but that's not exactly what I was thinking.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
I'm just putting your leg there.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
Sam please remind us of today's vocabulary.
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์ƒ˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
10:55
Certainly Hugo.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํœด๊ณ .
10:56
So we started with 'agenda' which is a plan of things to be done.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์ธ '์˜์ œ'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:00
And it's a hidden, and if it's a hidden agenda, it means the reason
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์˜์ œ๋ผ๋ฉด
11:04
for someone's actions might be secret or hidden.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
Then there was the word 'actor'.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” '๋ฐฐ์šฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
In the context of fake news an actor is someone with an agenda that uses
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๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋Š”
11:15
power and influence to try and promote that agenda.
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์˜์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
A 'motive' is a reason for doing something.
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'๋™๊ธฐ'๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
And like hidden agendas sometimes the motives for a particular action
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์˜์ œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
11:27
on the Internet are not always clear and transparent.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
Samantha Bradshaw talked about identity signalling.
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Samantha Bradshaw๋Š” ์‹ ์› ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
This is the description of behaviour online when people share things
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์—†์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:39
without being interested in whether they're true or not.
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.
11:42
What's important is not how true it is but that it demonstrates that
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:46
they think in the same way or share the same beliefs as the group.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹ ๋…์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
And finally 'algorithm'.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
An algorithm is a set of software instructions that for example can
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
11:57
produce a personalised list of recommended videos based on what
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12:01
an individual has searched for or watched in the past.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ถคํ™”๋œ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ง€์นจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
Thank you Sam. That was very comprehensive.
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๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š” ์ƒ˜. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
That's all from us today. We look forward to your company again soon.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Goodbye. And stay safe.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:14
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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