BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Environmental English' mega-class! One hour of new vocabulary!

1,659,069 views

2021-01-09 ใƒป BBC Learning English


New videos

BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Environmental English' mega-class! One hour of new vocabulary!

1,659,069 views ใƒป 2021-01-09

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:07
Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
0
7360
2560
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
And I'm Rob.
1
9920
960
์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
Now Rob, weโ€™ve talked before on thisย  programme about our love of coffee.
2
10880
4080
์ด์ œ Rob, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Oh yes, indeed. I couldnโ€™t function without it.
3
14960
2880
์•„, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
But have you ever thought about the environmentalย  consequences of all those disposable coffee cups?
4
17840
5280
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปคํ”ผ์ž”์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
00:23
Oh yes, indeed. I always carry a reusable cupย  with me so I donโ€™t have to throw one away.
5
23120
5280
์•„, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
So if a disposable cup is one you throw away,ย ย 
6
28400
3200
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต์ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปต์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ
00:31
a reusable one is one thatย  you can use again and again.
7
31600
3520
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปต์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Yes, there is a big problem with disposableย  cups in that many of them canโ€™t be recycled,ย ย 
8
35120
5520
์˜ˆ, ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต์—๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
so there is a lot of waste forย  something we only use for a short time.
9
40640
3600
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
What are the big coffee shopย  chains doing about this problem?ย ย 
10
45120
3680
์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ ์ฒด์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:48
Weโ€™ll find out a little bit more shortly, butย  first, a quiz for you. Which country drinks theย ย 
11
48800
5040
๊ณง ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1
00:53
most coffee per capita โ€“ so not the total amountย  of coffee but the average per person. Is it:ย 
12
53840
6000
์ธ๋‹น ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด ์ปคํ”ผ ์–‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 1 ์ธ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€:
00:59
a) Japan b) Kenya, orย 
13
59840
2800
a) ์ผ๋ณธ b) ์ผ€๋ƒ ๋˜๋Š”
01:02
c) Finland What do you think, Rob?
14
62640
2400
c) ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Rob?
01:05
Ooh, tricky. I donโ€™t think the Japanese areย  big coffee drinkers and I know they produceย ย 
15
65040
4640
์˜ค, ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
01:09
a lot of coffee in Kenya. Iโ€™m surprised theย  USA isnโ€™t on the list but Iโ€™m going to go withย ย 
16
69680
5440
์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ž์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:15
Finland. Just because.
17
75120
1840
. ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
01:16
Well, we'll see if you're right later in theย  programme. On a recent BBC You and Yours radioย ย 
18
76960
5600
์Œ, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ตœ๊ทผ BBC You and Yours ๋ผ๋””์˜ค
01:22
programme they discussed the topic of coffee cups.ย  Some of the big chains are now charging customersย ย 
19
82560
5280
ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ปต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ฒด์ธ์ ์€ ์ด์ œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ
01:27
more for a disposable cup and giving discounts ifย  people bring their own reusable. However not allย ย 
20
87840
6160
์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋ฉด ํ• ์ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
01:34
of the shops actually collect old cups and sortย  them for recycling in the shop itself. Hereโ€™sย ย 
21
94000
5600
๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ์ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ปต์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์  ์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€
01:39
Jaz Rabadia from Starbucks, Is the store onlyย  interested in facilities inside their shops?
22
99600
6160
Starbucks์˜ Jaz Rabadia์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์žฅ์€ ๋งค์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‹œ์„ค์—๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:47
It is something that we are in the process ofย  rolling out and it will be in all of our stores.ย ย 
23
107360
4640
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋งค์žฅ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
It's also not just our stores in which theseย  cups end up. So we're doing a lot of workย ย 
24
112000
4720
๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์ปต์ด ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งค์žฅ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:56
outside of our store environment to ensure thatย  paper cups can be recycled on the go. We'reย ย 
25
116720
5360
์ด๋™ ์ค‘์—๋„ ์ข…์ด์ปต์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งค์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:02
working with our environmental charity partnerย  Hubbub to increase recycling infrastructureย ย 
26
122080
4560
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ž์„  ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์ธ Hubbub์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์žฅ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์žฅ์—์„œ๋„
02:06
outside of our stores because that tooย  is where a lot of our cups will end up.
27
126640
3520
๋งŽ์€ ์ปต์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
So are they just working in theirย  stores at improving recycling?
28
131520
3280
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งค์žฅ์—์„œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š” ?
02:14
Rob Well no, after all most peopleย ย 
29
134800
2480
Rob ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:17
take their coffee out of the stores, so they areย  working on recycling infrastructure outside asย ย 
30
137280
5520
๋งค์žฅ์—์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ๋„ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:22
well. This will be things like bins and collectionย  points which are clearly marked for coffee cups.
31
142800
5920
. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ปต์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
And what about enabling recycling cups in store?
32
148720
3520
๋งค์žฅ์—์„œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์ปต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:32
Well, she said that was something they areย  rolling out to all stores. Rolling out hereย ย 
33
152240
4720
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋งค์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋กค์•„์›ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
02:36
means introducing over a period of time. Soย  itโ€™s starting to happen but is not finished yet.
34
156960
5600
๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Letโ€™s listen again.
35
162560
1200
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:45
It is something that we are in the process ofย  rolling out and it will be in all of our stores.ย ย 
36
165120
4720
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋งค์žฅ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
It's also not just our stores in whichย  these cups end up. So we're doing a lotย ย 
37
169840
4080
์ด ์ปต์ด ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์€ ๋งค์žฅ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋™ ์ค‘์—๋„ ์ข…์ด์ปต์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
02:53
of work outside of our store environment toย  ensure that paper cups can be recycled onย ย 
38
173920
5040
๋งค์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:58
the go. We're working with our environmentalย  charity partner hubbub to increase recyclingย ย 
39
178960
4880
. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์žฅ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ž์„  ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๋ฒ„๋ธŒ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์žฅ์—์„œ๋„
03:03
infrastructure outside of our stores becauseย  that too is where a lot of our cups will end up.
40
183840
4160
๋งŽ์€ ์ปต์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Not everyone, however, believes thatย  the coffee chains are doing everythingย ย 
41
189200
3840
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ปคํ”ผ ์ฒด์ธ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:13
that they can. This is Mary Creagh,ย  a member of the British parliament.ย ย 
42
193040
4400
. ์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์˜ํšŒ ์˜์›์ธ Mary Creagh์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
She compares the situation to that of theย  plastic bag charge. This was a law broughtย ย 
43
197440
5440
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋น„๋‹๋ด‰์ง€ ์š”๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
03:22
in to force shops to charge customers forย  plastic bags, which previously had been free.
44
202880
4880
์ด์ „์— ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์˜€๋˜ ๋น„๋‹ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ž…๋œ ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
If you think youโ€™re having to pay extra forย  something, as we saw with the plastic bags,ย ย 
45
209040
4800
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋‹๋ด‰์ง€์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:33
we think a similar psychologicalย  measure is needed, a nudge measure,ย ย 
46
213840
4160
์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
to encourage people to remember toย  bring their reusable cup with themย ย 
47
218000
4720
03:42
and of course this is something that theย  coffee shops have been fighting tooth and nail.
48
222720
4400
์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ์ด ํ•„์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ธ์›Œ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Neil Sheย ย 
49
227120
1040
Neil She๋Š”
03:48
thinks that we consumers need a nudgeย  to help us remember our reusable cups.
50
228160
4080
์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปต์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋„›์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Rob Yes, we need a nudge,ย ย 
51
232240
1600
Rob ์˜ˆ, ๋„›์ง€(nudge)๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
which is a little push, a reason. In this case,ย  she is thinking of a law to make them charge more.ย ย 
52
233840
5760
์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฒญ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
But she says the coffee chains really donโ€™t wantย  this, they are, she says, fighting it tooth andย ย 
53
239600
4720
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ ์ฒด์ธ์ ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:04
nail. If you fight something tooth and nail youย  are against it completely and try to stop it.
54
244320
4880
. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์น˜์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋ฉด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Neil Let's hear MP Mary Creagh again.
55
249200
2560
Neil MP Mary Creagh๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:12
If you think youโ€™re having to pay extra forย  something, as we saw with the plastic bags,ย ย 
56
252560
4800
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋‹๋ด‰์ง€์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:17
we think a similar psychologicalย  measure is needed, a nudge measure,ย ย 
57
257360
4160
์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
to encourage people to remember toย  bring their reusable cup with themย ย 
58
261520
4720
04:26
and of course this is something that theย  coffee shops have been fighting tooth and nail.
59
266240
4400
์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ์ด ํ•„์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ธ์›Œ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Time to review our vocabulary, but first,ย ย 
60
271840
2400
์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ €
04:34
letโ€™s have the answer to the quiz question. Whichย  country drinks the most coffee per capita? Is it:ย 
61
274240
6080
ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. 1 ์ธ๋‹น ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€:
04:40
a) Japan b) Kenya, orย 
62
280320
3280
a) ์ผ๋ณธ b) ์ผ€๋ƒ ๋˜๋Š”
04:43
c) Finland What did you think, Rob?
63
283600
1920
c) ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Rob?
04:46
I took a bit of a guess at Finland.
64
286080
2400
๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Well, congratulations, your guess was correct.ย ย 
65
288480
3280
์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
The Finns on average get through an amazing 12kgย  of coffee a year, each. Now, onto the vocabulary.
66
291760
7440
ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ์ธ์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ 12kg์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž, ์–ดํœ˜์—.
04:59
We had a couple of related but opposite words.ย  Something disposable is designed to be usedย ย 
67
299200
5440
๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผํšŒ์šฉ์€
05:04
once or a few times and then thrown away and aย  reusable is designed to be used again and again.
68
304640
6160
ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
We then had 'rolling out' whichย  in a business sense is the processย ย 
69
310800
3520
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ
05:14
of gradually introducing somethingย  new. This could be a new system,ย ย 
70
314320
3760
์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ธ '์ถœ์‹œ'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ,
05:18
new product, new technology orย  even a new way of doing things.
71
318080
3280
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
New ideas often need new infrastructure.ย  This is usually physical structures thatย ย 
72
321920
4720
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:26
are needed to make something work, for example,ย ย 
73
326640
2240
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
05:28
rail infrastructure includesย  tracks, stations and signals.
74
328880
4160
์ฒ ๋„ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์—๋Š” ์„ ๋กœ, ์—ญ ๋ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
A nudge is a small push,ย ย 
75
333040
1520
๋„›์ง€๋Š”
05:34
to encourage us to do something. You donโ€™t needย  a nudge to carry a reusable coffee cup, do you?
76
334560
5200
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ํ‘ธ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ปต์„ ํœด๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„›์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:39
Oh, no, Iโ€™m all for it. In fact, Iโ€™d fightย  tooth and nail to keep hold of my reusable.ย ย 
77
339760
5600
์˜ค, ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋‚œ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์•„. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š” ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ธ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
Which is quite a coincidence as that wasย  our last expression today. To fight toothย ย 
78
345360
4400
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ์—ฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Fight tooth
05:49
and nail means to make a strong effort toย  try to stop something or achieve something.
79
349760
4320
and nail์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
Well, thatโ€™s all from us. We lookย  forward to your company next time.ย ย 
80
354080
3040
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Until then, you can find us in allย  the usual places on social media,ย ย 
81
357120
3600
๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด,
06:00
online and on our app. Just searchย  for 'BBC Learning English'. Goodbye!
82
360720
4080
์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ ์•ฑ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'BBC Learning English'๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
06:04
Goodbye!
83
364800
1040
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
06:12
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
84
372720
4000
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
And Iโ€™m Sam. How are you, Neil?
85
376720
2560
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋•Œ, ๋‹?
06:19
Iโ€™ve been as busy as a bee this week, Sam.
86
379280
2320
์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ๋ฒŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ”๋นด์–ด์š”, ์ƒ˜.
06:21
Oh, donโ€™t you sound like the beeโ€™s knees!
87
381600
3040
์˜ค, ๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
06:24
All right, Sam, thereโ€™s no needย  to get a bee in your bonnet!
88
384640
2880
์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜, ๋ณด๋‹›์— ๋ฒŒ์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
06:28
As you can hear, English isย  full of idioms involving bees.
89
388640
4640
์˜์–ด๋Š” ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
But the sad truth is that beeย  numbers are declining at anย ย 
90
393280
3360
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
06:36
alarming rate and in someย  places disappearing altogether.
91
396640
3600
๋†€๋ผ์šด ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
And this has serious consequences for humans.
92
400240
3520
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Today, one third of the food we eat depends onย  insects to pollinate crops, fruit and vegetables.
93
404320
6400
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ์Œ์‹์˜ 1/3์€ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ, ๊ณผ์ผ ๋ฐ ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
But bees are in trouble. In someย  European countries up to half ofย ย 
94
410720
4960
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์€ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š”
06:55
all bee species are facing extinction,ย  placing our food supply chain at risk.
95
415680
6160
๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒŒ ์ข…์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
Bees are vital in pollinating hundreds of crops,ย  from apples and blackberries to cucumbers.ย ย 
96
421840
5120
๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์™€ ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์˜ค์ด์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:07
In fact, almost all plants need insects toย  reproduce โ€“ which is my quiz question โ€“ ofย ย 
97
427520
5200
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
the worldโ€™s top 50 crops, how manyย  rely on insect pollination? Is it:ย 
98
432720
5440
์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์œ„ 50๋Œ€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ๊ณค์ถฉ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€:
07:18
a) 35 out of 50?,ย 
99
438160
1760
a) 50๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 35๊ฐœ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:20
b) 40 out of 50? or c) 45 out of 50?
100
440480
4240
b) 50๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 40๊ฐœ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋˜๋Š” c) 50๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 45๊ฐœ?
07:25
I reckon those busy bees pollinate b)ย  40 out of 50 of the most common crops.
101
445360
6640
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”์œ ๋ฒŒ๋“ค์ด b) ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ 50๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 40๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
OK, Sam, weโ€™ll find out the answer later. Now,ย  if you think back to your school biology lessons,ย ย 
102
452560
5600
์ข‹์•„, ์ƒ˜, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์ž. ์ด์ œ ํ•™๊ต ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:38
you may remember that plants and flowers containย  both male and female reproductive parts inside.
103
458160
6320
์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฝƒ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์‹ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
But what exactly is going onย  when bees pollinate a plant?ย ย 
104
465120
4000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:49
Hereโ€™s Claire Bates from BBC World Serviceย  programme People Fixing the World to remind us:
105
469840
5760
๋‹ค์Œ์€ BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ People Fixing the World์˜ Claire Bates๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
What is pollination? All flowering plants need itย  to reproduce. Pollen is moved from the male partย ย 
106
477520
6400
์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜„ํ™” ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋Š”
08:03
of a flower to the female part of a flower, thenย  fertilisation can happen causing fruit to grow.ย ย 
107
483920
6160
๊ฝƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ฝƒ์˜ ์•”์ปท ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์—ด๋งค๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Some staple crops such as wheat, rice and cornย  are pollinated by the wind however many plantsย ย 
108
490080
6000
๋ฐ€, ์Œ€, ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์€
08:16
donโ€™t release their pollen easily and this isย  where insects, and especially bees, come in.ย ย 
109
496080
5040
๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณค์ถฉ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฒŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
As they collect nectar to eat, pollen sticks toย  them and they carry it from flower to flower.
110
501680
4800
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฝƒ์—์„œ ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
Pollination is the process in whichย  pollen is taken from one plant to anotherย ย 
111
508320
4400
์ˆ˜๋ถ„์€ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:32
so that it can reproduce. This is theย  important work done by bees and insects.
112
512720
5520
. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
Only after pollination can the next processย  occur โ€“ fertilisation - when the pollen carriedย ย 
113
518240
7200
์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํ›„์—๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณผ์ •์ธ ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์šด๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€
08:45
from another plant fertilises aย  female ovule to make new seeds.
114
525440
5040
์•”์ปท ๋‚œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์”จ์•—์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
Fertilisation occurs in all floweringย  plants, some of which like wheat,ย ย 
115
531360
4240
์ˆ˜์ •์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฝƒ ํ”ผ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ , ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐ€,
08:55
potatoes and rice are staple crops - foodย  that is eaten in large amounts as part ofย ย 
116
535600
5200
๊ฐ์ž, ์Œ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์Œ์‹์€
09:00
a communityโ€™s daily diet and provides a largeย  fraction of their energy and nutrient needs.
117
540800
5360
์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์ผ ์‹๋‹จ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ญ์ทจ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์˜์–‘์†Œ ์š”๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Fewer bees reduces pollination levels, meaningย  fewer new seeds are created and fewer crops grown.
118
546160
7760
๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ์ ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ƒˆ ์”จ์•—์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ์ ์€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
But it isnโ€™t just the decline in bee numbersย  causing a problem. Like us, bees need to restย ย 
119
553920
6080
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๋„ ํœด์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:20
and this has led some to come up with creativeย  new ways of supplementing bee pollination.
120
560000
5840
์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
One such innovator is Keren Mimran, co-founder ofย  agro-tech company, Edete. Here she is, explainingย ย 
121
565840
8000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ๋†์—… ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ Edete์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์ธ Keren Mimran์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
09:33
how dropping pollen from drones can pollinateย  crops, giving a helping hand to hard-working bees.
122
573840
7120
๋“œ๋ก ์—์„œ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์— ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์˜ ์†๊ธธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
How come our food security is so much dependentย  on an insect that we cannot really control? Weย ย 
123
582480
8000
์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:50
can bring the bees to the orchard or to a fieldย  but we cannot control their behaviour. They doย ย 
124
590480
6000
๋ฒŒ์„ ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์›์ด๋‚˜ ๋“คํŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒŒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‚ ์—๋Š”
09:56
not come out of the hive when itโ€™s raining or whenย  thereโ€™s heavy wind, they work only during daytime.ย ย 
125
596480
7440
๋ฒŒ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์—๋งŒ ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค.
10:03
There must be a possibility of developing aย  mechanical solution to the pollination challenge.
126
603920
6640
์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€๋ Œ
10:11
Keren Mimran speaking on the BBC Worldย  Service programme People Fixing Theย ย 
127
611840
5040
๋ฐˆ๋ž€(Keren Mimran)์ด BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ People Fixing The
10:16
World. Beesโ€™ behaviour canโ€™t be controlledย  - when it rains they wonโ€™t leave their hiveย ย 
128
616880
5520
World์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:22
โ€“ the structure where bees live, either builtย  by people or made by the bees themselves.
129
622400
5040
.
10:28
So Kerenโ€™s company has developed drones to dropย ย 
130
628000
3280
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Keren์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์›์— ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:31
pollen on her orchard โ€“ an area ofย  land on which fruit trees are grown.
131
631280
5440
.
10:37
The need for these high-tech solutions reflectsย ย 
132
637360
2480
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€
10:39
the seriousness of the pollination problemย  for food security -everyone getting enoughย ย 
133
639840
5760
์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
10:45
affordable and nutritious food toย  meet their daily dietary needs.
134
645600
4080
์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹๋‹จ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์— ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–‘๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
I had no idea bees were so important, Neil.ย  Maybe I underestimated how hard they work.
135
650240
6400
๋ฒŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”, ๋‹. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณผ์†Œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Ah, you mean todayโ€™s quiz question.ย  I asked you how many of the top 50ย ย 
136
657360
4880
์•„, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์œ„ 50๋Œ€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด
11:02
world crops rely on insect pollination.
137
662240
2400
๊ณค์ถฉ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
And I said b) 40 out of 50 of the top crops.
138
665280
4240
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” b) ์ƒ์œ„ ์ž‘๋ฌผ 50๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 40๊ฐœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
And you are right! They certainly are the beeโ€™sย  knees when it comes to pollinating plants!
139
670320
5120
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž์•„์š”! ์‹๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:16
So in todayโ€™s programme weโ€™ve beenย  hearing about the important roleย ย 
140
676560
3840
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:20
bees play in pollination โ€“ transferringย  pollen from plant to plant,ย ย 
141
680400
4800
๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ ,
11:25
necessary for the next stage of fertilisationย  โ€“ producing new seeds and fruit inside a plant.
142
685200
7040
๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์”จ์•—๊ณผ ์—ด๋งค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
Bees and insects play a vital role in growing theย  worldโ€™s staple crops - food which, eaten in largeย ย 
143
692880
6000
๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘๋ฌผ์€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ
11:38
amounts, makes up the majority of a communityโ€™sย  daily diet and meets their nutrient needs.
144
698880
5360
์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์ผ ์‹๋‹จ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜์–‘์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
So bee numbers are directly linked to the issueย  of food security - everyone getting enoughย ย 
145
704880
6560
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:51
affordable, nutritious foodย  to meet their dietary needs.
146
711440
3840
์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–‘๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:55
Which explains why, when bees wonโ€™t leaveย  their home - or hive โ€“ some people haveย ย 
147
715280
4960
๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ์ง‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
12:00
started using drones to pollinate theirย  orchards โ€“ land growing fruit trees.
148
720240
4880
๋“œ๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ์ผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์›์— ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6 Minute English์˜
12:05
And thatโ€™s it for this editionย  of 6 Minute English. Bye for now!
149
725760
3840
์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
12:09
Goodbye!
150
729600
240
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
12:16
Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
151
736560
2640
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
And hello, I'm Rob.
152
739200
1200
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” Rob์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
Today we're talking about plastic.
153
740400
2400
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
Yes, it's our addiction to plastic that isย  of concern because this material doesn'tย ย 
154
742800
3840
์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š”
12:26
decay very quickly, so once we've usedย  it, it hangs around for a very long time.
155
746640
5040
๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
It is a problem โ€“ and decay, by theย  way, describes the natural processย ย 
156
751680
4800
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š”
12:36
of something being destroyed or breakingย  down into small particles. We hear so muchย ย 
157
756480
4960
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
about the consequences of having tooย  much waste plastic around, don't we?
158
761440
3440
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ํ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
12:44
Indeed. Not only does it cause a mess -ย  wildlife, particularly marine animals,ย ย 
159
764880
4640
๋ฌผ๋ก . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ•ด์–‘ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด
12:49
are at risk when they becomeย  entangled in plastic waste,ย ย 
160
769520
3280
ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์— ์–ฝํžˆ
12:52
or ingest it. It's an issue that needsย  tackling โ€“ or dealing with. And that'sย ย 
161
772800
4320
๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ญ์ทจํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
12:57
what we'll be discussing today and finding outย  what could be done to solve this plastic crisis.
162
777120
5120
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
OK, first, let's challenge you to answer aย  question about plastic, Rob. The first syntheticย ย 
163
782240
5680
์ž, ๋จผ์ € ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob. ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ
13:07
plastic โ€“ that's plastic made entirely fromย  man-made materials - was created over 100 yearsย ย 
164
787920
5440
ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ(์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๊ณต ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ)์€ 100๋…„
13:13
ago. Do you know what its brand name was? Was itโ€ฆ a) Bakelite,ย 
165
793360
4720
์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... a) ๋ฒ ์ดํด๋ผ์ดํŠธ,
13:18
b) Lucite or c) Formica?
166
798640
2960
b) ๋ฃจ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” c) ํฌ๋งˆ์ด์นด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:21
I'm no expert, so I'll say c) Formica.
167
801600
3520
์ €๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ c) Formica๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
Well, we'll reveal the answer at the end of theย  programme. Now let's talk more about plastic.ย ย 
168
805120
5360
์Œ, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:30
This man-made substance is everywhere - fromย  clothing to crisp packets, and bottles to buckets.
169
810480
5920
์ด ์ธ๊ณต ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์˜๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์‚ญ๋ฐ”์‚ญํ•œ ํŒจํ‚ท, ๋ณ‘, ์–‘๋™์ด์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
But the problem is that most of it isn'tย  biodegradable โ€“ that's a word that describesย ย 
170
816400
4400
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•ด์น˜์ง€
13:40
something that can decay naturally withoutย  harming anything. Each year, 400 millionย ย 
171
820800
5280
์•Š๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งค๋…„ 4์–ต
13:46
tonnes of plastic is produced and 40% of thatย  is single-use. So why don't we stop using it?
172
826080
6560
ํ†ค์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 40%๋Š” ์ผํšŒ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
13:52
It's not that easy, Rob, and it's somethingย  Lucy Siegle, a BBC reporter and author, has beenย ย 
173
832640
5360
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  BBC ๊ธฐ์ž์ด์ž ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ Lucy Siegle์ด
13:58
talking about. She was speaking in a discussionย  on the Costing the Earth programme on BBC Radio 4,ย ย 
174
838000
6080
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ Costing the Earth ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„
14:04
and explained the issue we have with quittingย  plastic but also how our attitude is changingโ€ฆ
175
844080
5120
๋Š๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
We have this weird psychological attachment toย  this material that's been around and it's likeย ย 
176
850080
4720
14:14
a push and pull. At the one time, we're soย  horrified by what we're seeing โ€“ the whalesย ย 
177
854800
4240
๋ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‹น๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€
14:19
dying, the oceans vomiting plastic,ย  beaming in from all over the world,ย ย 
178
859040
3680
์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ํ† ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋น›์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ 
14:22
and at the same time we're beingย  told we can't live without it,ย ย 
179
862720
3200
๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด์„œ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
14:25
so that creates a psychological dissonanceย  โ€“which I think is the barrier to behaviouralย ย 
180
865920
5280
์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ
14:31
change but I'm finding now awareness hasย  peaked and it's going over into activism.
181
871200
4320
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์ธ์‹์ด ์ •์ ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
She mentioned the word psychological โ€“ย  that's something that affects or involvesย ย 
182
876640
4400
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
our mind โ€“ so here, psychologicalย  attachment means that in our mindย ย 
183
881040
4640
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์• ์ฐฉ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:45
we feel we have to use plastic โ€“ we're addicted.
184
885680
2880
ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
But we also see the negative impact of plasticย  โ€“ like whales dying โ€“ and in our mind we're alsoย ย 
185
888560
6160
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
14:54
thinking we must stop! This has created what Lucyย  says is a 'psychological dissonance' - dissonanceย ย 
186
894720
6480
์ค‘์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด Lucy๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” '์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”'๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”๋Š”
15:01
means a disagreement between two opposingย  ideas โ€“ so we're having an argument in ourย ย 
187
901200
4880
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
15:06
head about the right thing to do โ€“ this is theย  'push and pull' of thoughts she referred to.
188
906080
5280
ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์—์„œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์กฐ.
15:11
And this dissonance has been the barrier toย  us trying to solve the plastic issue โ€“ butย ย 
189
911360
5440
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
15:16
now we're starting to do something about itย  โ€“ we're taking action to reduce our plasticย ย 
190
916800
4560
์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
waste โ€“ we're turning to activism. That'sย  taking action to change something โ€“ itย ย 
191
921360
4960
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
15:26
could be social or political change, orย  a change in our behaviour or attitude.
192
926320
4560
์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
Of course there has been a big push โ€“ that meansย  people have been strongly encouraged โ€“ to recycle.
193
930880
5440
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ ํฐ ์••๋ฐ•์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
Maybe in an ideal world the best thing to do isย  go plastic-free โ€“ but that isn't easy, is it?
194
936320
5760
์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ ?
15:42
No, it isn't, and it's something Lucy Siegleย  spoke about. Getting rid of plastic in ourย ย 
195
942080
4800
์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Lucy Siegle์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:46
lives is a gradual process. But where doesย  she think we can make the biggest difference?
196
946880
5120
์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์–ด๋””๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:53
I really think that to concentrate onย  stopping the flow of plastics into your lifeย ย 
197
953360
4560
ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ์ƒํ™œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
15:57
is easier and more effective in the long term,ย  than trying to go plastic-free from the outset.ย ย 
198
957920
4800
์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:03
We are in the UK, a supermarketย  culture, so a lot of the tips andย ย 
199
963280
4960
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋ฌธํ™”์ธ ์˜๊ตญ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
16:08
tricks to decreasing the flow of plasticย  are getting round supermarket culture.
200
968240
4880
ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ํŒ๊ณผ ์š”๋ น์ด ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
She says we have a supermarket culture in theย  UK. Culture here describes a way of life โ€“ orย ย 
201
974400
5760
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์— ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋˜๋Š”
16:20
a way that we generally behave โ€“ and in terms ofย  food shopping, we tend to do that in supermarkets.
202
980160
5920
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
So, for example, customers canย  make a big difference by puttingย ย 
203
986080
3360
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€
16:29
pressure on supermarkets toย  use less plastic packaging.ย ย 
204
989440
3680
์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์— ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํฌ์žฅ์„ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํฐ โ€‹โ€‹์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
It does seem that the future of plastic isย  in our hands โ€“ we need to be more carefulย ย 
205
993120
4240
ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„
16:37
about how and when we use it โ€“ and use ourย  collective power to force change if it's needed.
206
997360
5600
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ํž˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
But there's no doubt plasticย  is useful for many thingsย ย 
207
1002960
3760
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
16:46
so it will be a long timeย  before it disappears altogether.
208
1006720
3120
์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
And earlier I asked you what was the name ofย  the first synthetic plastic, invented over a 100ย ย 
209
1010400
5520
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์„œ 100๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:55
years ago. Was itโ€ฆ a) Bakelite,ย 
210
1015920
2640
. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... a) ๋ฒ ์ดํด๋ผ์ดํŠธ,
16:59
b) Lucite or c) Formica?
211
1019200
2160
b) ๋ฃจ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” c) ํฌ๋งˆ์ด์นด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:01
And I said c) Formica. Was I right?
212
1021360
2720
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” c) Formica๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
17:04
Formica is a type of hard plastic usedย  for covering tables and working areasย ย 
213
1024080
4400
Formica๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”๊ณผ ์ž‘์—… ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ฎ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์œ ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ
17:08
in kitchens โ€“ but it's not theย  oldest type. That was Bakelite.
214
1028480
3920
์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์ดํด๋ผ์ดํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
I may have got that wrong but hopefully I'llย  have more success recapping some of today'sย ย 
215
1032400
4080
์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:16
vocabulary โ€“ starting with decay, which describesย  the natural process of something being destroyedย ย 
216
1036480
6000
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
17:22
or breaking down into small particles โ€“ย  which plastic takes a long time to do.
217
1042480
4480
์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‹๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:26
Next, we had biodegradable โ€“ that's a word toย ย 
218
1046960
3040
๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
17:30
describe something that can decayย  naturally without harming anything.
219
1050000
3840
์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•ด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
Then we had psychological โ€“ that's somethingย  that affects or involves your mind.
220
1053840
4320
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
Next up, we had dissonance, which describesย  a disagreement between two opposing ideas.
221
1058160
4960
๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
And then we mentioned activismย  - that's taking actionย ย 
222
1063120
2960
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
17:46
to change something. We also mentionedย  the phrase a big push which means peopleย ย 
223
1066080
4000
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
17:50
are strongly encouraged or persuadedย  to do something, usefully by force.
224
1070080
4160
์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋น… ํ‘ธ์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
And finally we had culture. In ourย  context of supermarket culture,ย ย 
225
1074240
4240
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ
17:58
it describes a way of life โ€“ orย  a way that we generally behave.
226
1078480
3600
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
Thanks, Neil. Now, remember you can find moreย  learning English programmes and materialsย ย 
227
1082080
4880
๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ, ๋‹. ์ด์ œ ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์Šต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
18:06
on our website at bbclearningenglish.com. That'sย ย 
228
1086960
3280
.
18:10
it for now but please join us nextย  time for 6 Minute English. Goodbye.
229
1090240
3600
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ์— 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
18:13
Neil Goodbye.
230
1093840
640
๋‹ ๊ตฟ๋ฐ”์ด.
18:22
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
231
1102560
4000
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
And Iโ€™m Rob.
232
1106560
800
์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rob, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„
18:28
Iโ€™ve been reading about ways to protectย  the environment, Rob, and Iโ€™ve decidedย ย 
233
1108160
3680
๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
18:31
to eat less meat. And maybe drive my car less too.
234
1111840
3360
๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋œ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์ฐจ๋„ ๋œ ์šด์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
Good for you, Neil! And flying lessย  can also help reduce air pollution.
235
1116080
4880
์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด, ๋‹! ๋น„ํ–‰ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
Right. Flying and driving less areย  two good ways to combat climate changeย ย 
236
1121520
4960
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๋น„ํ–‰๊ณผ ์šด์ „์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
because they reduce your carbon footprintย  โ€“ thatโ€™s the amount of carbon dioxide orย ย 
237
1126480
4640
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์€
18:51
CO2 released into the atmosphere asย  a result of your everyday activities.
238
1131120
4960
์ผ์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
The idea of reducing carbon emissions isย  catching on in the music industry too.ย ย 
239
1136080
4400
ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์Œ์•… ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
Bands and artists who go on tour aroundย  the world generate large carbon footprints.
240
1141120
5760
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆœํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐด๋“œ์™€ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
So recently some music groupsย  like Massive Attack and Green Dayย ย 
241
1146880
4160
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ Massive Attack ๋ฐ Green Day์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์Œ์•… ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ํˆฌ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”
19:11
started thinking about ways to reduce the impactย  their tours are having on the environment.
242
1151040
5040
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:16
Ha! Green Day โ€“ what a good name for aย  band trying to be environmentally friendly!
243
1156080
4960
ํ•˜์•„! Green Day โ€“ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์ ์ด ๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐด๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
19:21
Today weโ€™ll be finding outย  about bands and musiciansย ย 
244
1161040
3200
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
19:24
who want to continue going on tour but do it inย  ways which reduce their environmental impact.ย ย 
245
1164240
6080
ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐด๋“œ์™€ ๋ฎค์ง€์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
And of course, weโ€™ll be learningย  some related vocabulary on the way.
246
1170320
3440
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
So, it seems like the days of rock and rollย  stars flying around the world in private jetsย ย 
247
1174560
5680
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ œํŠธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœํฐ๋กค ์Šคํƒ€์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š”
19:40
may soon be a thing of the past.
248
1180240
2160
๊ณง ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
Indeed, Rob, and that brings me neatly to my quizย  question. One British band recently announcedย ย 
249
1182400
6080
์‚ฌ์‹ค, Rob, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๊น”๋”ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐด๋“œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— 100% ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ด ๋ 
19:48
they would stop going on tour until they wereย  100% carbon neutral, but which band? Was it:
250
1188480
6400
๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐด๋“œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
19:54
a) The 1975
251
1194880
2000
a) The 1975
19:57
b) The Rolling Stones, or
252
1197520
1920
b) The Rolling Stones, ๋˜๋Š”
19:59
c) Coldplay
253
1199440
1600
c) Coldplay
20:01
Well, Coldplay had a hit withย  their song The Scientist,ย ย 
254
1201040
3040
Coldplay๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ The Scientist๋กœ ํžˆํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ณค๊ณ ,
20:04
and we are talking about carbon dioxideย  and the climate, so Iโ€™ll say c) Coldplay.
255
1204640
6000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ c) Coldplay๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
Good thinking, Rob! Weโ€™ll find out the answerย  later. But first letโ€™s hear from another artistย ย 
256
1210640
5440
์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์•ผ, ๋กญ! ๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ €
20:16
concerned about her carbon impact.ย  Fay Milton is the drummer of the bandย ย 
257
1216080
4640
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Fay Milton์€ ๋ฐด๋“œ Savages์˜ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ์ด์ž
20:20
Savages and co-founder ofย  the climate pressure groupย ย 
258
1220720
3360
๊ธฐํ›„ ์••๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฃน
20:24
Music Declares Emergency. She spoke toย  BBC Radio 4โ€™s programme You & Yours:
259
1224080
5840
Music Declares Emergency์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ You & Yours ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:29
This year I have actually turnedย  down a tour. My income comes fromย ย 
260
1229920
6000
์˜ฌํ•ด ์ €๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ํˆฌ์–ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค
20:35
touring so it has put me in aย  bit of a precarious situationย ย 
261
1235920
3760
๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
20:39
but I actually feel quite good about it โ€“ itย  feels like the right thing to do in this moment.
262
1239680
4080
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:44
Even though Fay earns a livingย  as a drummer by going on tour,ย ย 
263
1244320
3360
Fay๋Š” ํˆฌ์–ด์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋จธ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ํˆฌ์–ด ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
20:47
she has started to turn them down โ€“ meaningย  to reject or refuse the offer of touring.
264
1247680
5360
์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:53
Losing the income she usually gets from touringย ย 
265
1253040
3040
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์žƒ์œผ๋ฉด ํŽ˜์ด๋Š”
20:56
puts Fay in a precarious situation โ€“ aย  situation where things could become difficult,ย ย 
266
1256080
5840
์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:01
in this case financially difficult, becauseย  she isnโ€™t making money from playing the drums.
267
1261920
5600
.
21:07
But she still wants to do theย  right thing โ€“ in other words,ย ย 
268
1267520
3360
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
21:10
do what is most fair, ethical and just.ย  For Fay, fighting climate change is evenย ย 
269
1270880
5680
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Fay์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
21:16
more important than doing what sheย  loves โ€“ going on tour with the band.
270
1276560
4160
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฐด๋“œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:20
Well, good for her! Iโ€™m not sure if Iโ€™d be soย  committed as Fay. But if bands stopped touringย ย 
271
1280720
6240
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹๋‹ค! ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŽ˜์ด๋งŒํผ ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ผ์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ
21:26
altogether, fans wouldnโ€™t get to see gigs โ€“ย  or live concerts and hear the music they love.
272
1286960
5440
์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด ํŒฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์—ฐ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:32
Well, thatโ€™s an interesting point because itย  might be possible for bands to carry on touringย ย 
273
1292960
4880
๋ฐด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์—
21:37
and also reduce their environmental impact atย  the same time. Bristol band, Massive Attack,ย ย 
274
1297840
6320
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Bristol ๋ฐด๋“œ์ธ Massive Attack์€
21:44
want to do exactly that. Theirย  singer Robert Del Naja explains:
275
1304160
4080
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜ Robert Del Naja๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:48
Weโ€™re working with an electric bus company.ย  Weโ€™re going to look at all the energy beingย ย 
276
1308960
3520
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„์Šค ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
21:52
renewable and obviously the power weย  can create will go back to the grid,ย ย 
277
1312480
3440
๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
so weโ€™re hoping we can actually create legacyย  green infrastructure which can then powerย ย 
278
1315920
4400
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:00
future gigs. We plan to travel to Europe solely byย  train, with the band, the crew and all the gear.
279
1320320
6320
. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐด๋“œ, ์ œ์ž‘์ง„, ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ๋น„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋กœ๋งŒ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:07
Swapping tour planes for trains andย  encouraging fans to travel to gigsย ย 
280
1327360
4400
ํˆฌ์–ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ„์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
22:11
by bus are two good ways to reduce theย  total carbon footprint of the concert.
281
1331760
5680
์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์˜ ์ด ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:17
And by using renewable energy, the gig can createย  power. This can then be put back into the nationalย ย 
282
1337440
6240
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ธ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:23
grid, called the grid for short โ€“ the networkย  supplying electrical power across a country.
283
1343680
5920
.
22:30
Well, Massive Attack are certainlyย  ticking all the green boxes, Neil,ย ย 
284
1350480
4320
์Œ, Massive Attack์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil,
22:34
but who else is doing a good job?ย  Remember your quiz question earlier?
285
1354800
4000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด์ „ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:38
Ah, yes. I asked which band has decided to stopย ย 
286
1358800
3120
์•„ ์˜ˆ. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐด๋“œ๊ฐ€
22:41
touring until their tours wereย  carbon neutral and you said?
287
1361920
3840
ํˆฌ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ด ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:45
I said c) Coldplay.
288
1365760
2160
c) ์ฝœ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด.
22:47
And you were right! Are you a Coldplay fan, Rob?ย ย 
289
1367920
2960
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ฝœ๋“œํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ํŒฌ์ด์„ธ์š”, ๋กญ?
22:50
Just remember to leave your car atย  home the next time you go to their gig!
290
1370880
3600
๋‹ค์Œ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ์— ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์— ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
22:55
Right! Today, weโ€™ve been looking at some of theย ย 
291
1375120
2800
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
22:57
ways music bands and artists areย  trying to fight climate change.ย ย 
292
1377920
4160
์Œ์•… ๋ฐด๋“œ์™€ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งž์„œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:02
They want to reduce their carbon footprint โ€“ย  the amount of carbon they release into the air.
293
1382080
4880
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์ธ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:06
Some musicians are starting to turn down โ€“ orย  refuse, long world tour dates because flying fromย ย 
294
1386960
6240
์ผ๋ถ€ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
23:13
country to country playing gigs โ€“ or live musicalย  concerts, generates so much carbon dioxide.
295
1393200
6400
๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๋น„ํ–‰ ๊ณต์—ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ๋ฎค์ง€์ปฌ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธด ์›”๋“œ ํˆฌ์–ด ์ผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:19
Bands like Savages, Green Day andย  Massive Attack are trying to do theย ย 
296
1399600
4640
Savages, Green Day, Massive Attack๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐด๋“œ๋Š” ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:24
right thing - taking the most fair and ethicalย  course of action, even though for some artists,ย ย 
297
1404240
6400
. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ
23:30
the income lost from not touring puts themย  in a precarious โ€“ or difficult situation.
298
1410640
5200
ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์†์‹ค๋œ ์ˆ˜์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:36
But when they get it right, bands can be carbonย  neutral or even generate power which can be putย ย 
299
1416480
5360
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ๋งŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฐด๋“œ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
23:41
back into the national grid โ€“ the networkย  supplying electrical power across a country.
300
1421840
5360
๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:47
All of which means we can โ€˜keepย  on rockingโ€™ into the next centuryย ย 
301
1427200
4160
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
23:51
without increasing carbon emissionsย  and adding to climate change.
302
1431360
3920
ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋กœ '๊ณ„์† ํ”๋“ค๋ฆด' ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:55
So, Rob, you could say you wereย  โ€˜born to runโ€™โ€ฆ on renewable energy!
303
1435280
4120
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Rob, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ '๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์žฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ!
23:59
Ha-ha! Very funny, Neil. Thatโ€™s all forย  today but remember to join us again soonย ย 
304
1439400
5480
ใ…‹! ์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด์š”, ๋‹. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
24:04
for more topical discussions and vocabulary fromย  6 Minute English, here at BBC Learning English.
305
1444880
6960
BBC Learning English์—์„œ 6 Minute English์˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
24:11
Thanks for listening and bye!
306
1451840
1760
๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:13
Bye.
307
1453600
160
์•ˆ๋…•.
24:22
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
308
1462240
3920
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:26
And Iโ€™m Sam.
309
1466160
960
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:27
In this programme, weโ€™ll be asking looking at someย  of the many dangers facing humanity, from climateย ย 
310
1467120
5040
์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„
24:32
change and global pandemics to asteroid impactsย  and nuclear war. Weโ€™ll be finding out whetherย ย 
311
1472160
5920
๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ณผ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
24:38
human civilisation can survive these risks andย  looking at some of the related vocabulary as well.
312
1478080
5760
์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:43
Do you really think humans could becomeย  extinct and end up as dead as the dodo?
313
1483840
4640
์ •๋ง ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฉธ์ข…๋˜์–ด ๋„๋„์ƒˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฃฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
24:48
Ah, so of course youโ€™ve heard of the dodo?
314
1488480
2320
์•„, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋„๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
24:50
Yes, dodos were large, metre-highย  birds which died out in the 1600sย ย 
315
1490800
6080
์˜ˆ, ๋„๋„ ์ƒˆ๋Š” 1600๋…„๋Œ€์—
24:56
after being hunted to extinction by humans.
316
1496880
3120
์ธ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฉธ์ข…๋œ ํ›„ ๋ฉธ์ข…๋œ 1๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋†’์ด์˜ ํฐ ์ƒˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:00
Thatโ€™s right. Dodos couldnโ€™tย  fly and werenโ€™t very clever.ย ย 
317
1500000
3200
์ข‹์•„์š”. Dodos๋Š” ๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:03
They didnโ€™t hide when sailors withย  hunting dogs landed on their island.ย ย 
318
1503200
4320
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์„ ์›๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฌ์— ์ƒ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ˆจ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:07
The species was hunted so much that withinย  a century, every single bird had died out.ย ย 
319
1507520
5200
์ด ์ข…์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๋˜์–ด ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:12
But do you know which island the dodo was from,ย  Sam? Thatโ€™s my quiz question for today. Was it:
320
1512720
4880
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์„ฌ์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”, ์ƒ˜? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
25:17
a) The Galapagos
321
1517600
1520
a) ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค
25:19
b) Mauritius
322
1519120
1760
b) ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์…”์Šค
25:20
c) Fiji
323
1520880
1200
c) ํ”ผ์ง€
25:22
Iโ€™ll guess the Galapagos, Neil, becauseย  I know many exotic animals live there.ย ย 
324
1522080
4480
๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด
25:27
By the way, thatโ€™s also cheeredย  me up a bit because as humans weย ย 
325
1527280
3600
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
25:30
are much smarter than the dodo! Weโ€™reย  far too clever to die out, arenโ€™t we?
326
1530880
4800
๋„๋„์ƒˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
25:37
Iโ€™m not sure I agree, Sam. Lots ofย  the existential risks - the worstย ย 
327
1537280
4720
๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ˜. ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์กด์  ์œ„ํ—˜,
25:42
possible things that could happenย  to humanity, such as nuclear war,ย ย 
328
1542000
3520
์ฆ‰ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ,
25:45
global pandemics or rogue artificialย  intelligence, are human-made. Theseย ย 
329
1545520
5120
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘ ๋˜๋Š” ์•…์„ฑ ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
25:50
threats could have catastrophic consequencesย  for human survival in the 21st century.
330
1550640
5680
์œ„ํ˜‘์€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์กด์— ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:56
Thatโ€™s true. But existential risks donโ€™t onlyย  threaten the survival of the human species.ย ย 
331
1556320
5840
์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์กด์  ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:02
Instead, they could destroyย  civilisation as we know it,ย ย 
332
1562160
3600
๋Œ€์‹ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ข…๋ง ์ดํ›„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
26:05
leaving pockets of survivors toย  struggle on in a post-apocalyptic world.
333
1565760
5200
์ƒ์กด์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ณ  ํˆฌ์Ÿํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:10
And it wouldnโ€™t be the firstย  time that has happened,ย ย 
334
1570960
3360
26:14
as the BBC World Serviceย  programme The Inquiry found out.ย ย 
335
1574320
3760
BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Inquiry๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ž„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‹ค์กด ์œ„ํ—˜
26:18
Simon Beard of the Centre for the Study ofย  Existential Risk at Cambridge University explains:
336
1578080
6560
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ ๋น„์–ด๋“œ(Simon Beard)๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:24
The historical record suggests that about onceย  every thousand years an event occurs that wipesย ย 
337
1584640
6480
26:31
out about a third of the human population โ€“ so inย  the Middle Ages, this was the Black Death - hugeย ย 
338
1591120
6960
์ฃฝ์Œ -
26:38
plague that covered Eurasia, while there was alsoย  dramatic global cooling at that time which manyย ย 
339
1598080
5760
์œ ๋ผ์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋ฎ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋งŽ์€
26:43
people think was related to volcanic eruptionsย  and about a third of the global population died.
340
1603840
4720
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ™”์‚ฐ ํญ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 1/3์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:49
So, humanity has been facing these risksย  throughout history, according to the historicalย ย 
341
1609120
5280
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
26:54
record โ€“ the collection of all written andย  recorded past events concerning the human race.
342
1614400
6000
๋ชจ๋“  ์„œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ชจ์Œ์ธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:00
Yes. Wars and plagues โ€“infectious, epidemicย  diseases which spread between countriesย ย 
343
1620400
5600
์˜ˆ. ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ โ€“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์— ํผ์ง€๋Š” ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
27:06
can quickly wipe out โ€“ or completelyย  destroy, millions of people.
344
1626000
3840
๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ฉธ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ๋‚œ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
27:10
And thereโ€™s not much we can doย  to stop disasters like that!
345
1630400
3440
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
27:13
True, Sam, but what about individuals who activelyย  work to bring about the end of the world - likeย ย 
346
1633840
5360
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ƒ˜. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ข…๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
27:19
apocalyptic terrorists, rampage shootersย  and fundamentalist cults like those whoย ย 
347
1639200
5760
์ข…๋ง๋ก ์  ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ, ๋‚ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒฉ๋ฒ”,
27:24
organised the poisonous gasย  attack on the Tokyo subway.
348
1644960
2800
๋„์ฟ„ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—์„œ ๋…๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ์กฐ์งํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ปฌํŠธ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:28
Those are people who want to endย  human life on Earth and bring aboutย ย 
349
1648320
4080
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ 
27:32
Doomsday - another word for the final,ย  apocalyptic day of the worldโ€™s existence.
350
1652400
5360
Doomsday( ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ข…๋ง์˜ ๋‚ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:37
Right. And things got even scarier in modernย  times with the invention of nuclear weapons.ย ย 
351
1657760
5520
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋ฌด์„œ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
27:43
During the Cuban Missile Crisis between Americaย  and the USSR for example, risk experts estimatedย ย 
352
1663280
6160
๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ จ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฟ ๋ฐ” ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
27:49
a 41% probability that human life would beย  completely wiped out! Seth Baum of New Yorkโ€™sย ย 
353
1669440
6960
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ 41%๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ! New York
27:56
Global Catastrophic Risk Institute explainsย  how human error almost brought about Doomsday:
354
1676400
6240
Global Catastrophic Risk Institute์˜ Seth Baum์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ตœํ›„ ์‹ฌํŒ์˜ ๋‚ ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๋ป”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
28:02
There are some ways that youย  could get to a nuclear warย ย 
355
1682640
3200
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
28:06
without really intending to, and probably theย  biggest example is if you have a false alarmย ย 
356
1686400
6800
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:13
that is mistaken as a nuclear attack,ย  and there have been a number of,ย ย 
357
1693200
4240
ํ•ต ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ,
28:17
maybe even very serious false alarms, over theย  years, in which one side or the other genuinelyย ย 
358
1697440
6320
์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€
28:23
believed that they were under nuclear attack, whenย  in fact they were not at all under nuclear attack.
359
1703760
5040
ํ•ต ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ๋„ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•ต ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฒฉ.
28:29
One such false alarm - an incorrectย  warning given so that people wronglyย ย 
360
1709760
4560
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
28:34
believe something dangerous is about toย  happen, came about in 1995, when the USย ย 
361
1714320
6000
์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ 1995๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์˜ค๋กœ๋ผ, ๋ถ๊ทน๊ด‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ
28:40
sent missiles up into the Earthโ€™s atmosphere toย  study the aurora borealis, the northern lights.
362
1720320
6320
์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
28:46
Soviet radars picked up the missiles, thinkingย  they were nuclear warheads and almost retaliated.ย ย 
363
1726640
5440
์†Œ๋ จ ๋ ˆ์ด๋”๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์ด ํ•ตํƒ„๋‘๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณด๋ณตํ•  ๋ป”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:52
Nuclear Armageddon was only averted by theย  actions of one clear-thinking Russian generalย ย 
364
1732720
5440
ํ•ต ์•„๋งˆ๊ฒŸ๋ˆ์€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ํšŒํ”ผ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:58
who decided not to push the red button
365
1738160
2480
29:00
Phew! A close shave then! Well,ย  Neil, all this doomongering hasย ย 
366
1740640
4400
ํœด! ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ ๋ฉด๋„! ์Œ, ๋‹, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํŒŒ๋ฉธ์˜ ๋„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ๋Š”
29:05
made me want to just give it allย  up and live on a desert island!
367
1745040
3760
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”!
29:08
Like the dodo eh, Sam? So, whichย  island would that be? If you remember,ย ย 
368
1748800
4000
๋„๋„์ƒˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ด, ์ƒ˜? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์„ฌ์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
29:12
todayโ€™s quiz question askedย  where the dodo was from.
369
1752800
3440
์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋„๋„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:16
I said The Galapagos.
370
1756240
1520
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋ผํŒŒ๊ณ ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
29:17
And Iโ€™m afraid to say it was b) Mauritius. So,ย  to recap, in this programme weโ€™ve been discussingย ย 
371
1757760
6720
b) ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์…”์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด , ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
29:24
Doomsday โ€“ the final day of lifeย  on Earth and other existentialย ย 
372
1764480
4240
Doomsday - ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹ค์กด์ 
29:28
threats - dangers threatening theย  survival of humans on the planet.
373
1768720
4000
์œ„ํ˜‘ - ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:32
We looked back throughout the historicalย  record - all recorded human history,ย ย 
374
1772720
4960
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ„์— ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ์—ญ๋ณ‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„
29:37
to see examples of threats which have wipedย  out, or killed millions of people in the past,ย ย 
375
1777680
6160
์•—์•„๊ฐ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:43
including wars and plagues which spreadย  epidemic diseases between populations.
376
1783840
6000
.
29:49
And weโ€™ve seen how modern dangers,ย  like nuclear war and climate change,ย ย 
377
1789840
4480
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
29:54
further reduce the probability of humanย  survival. But Sam, itโ€™s not all doom and gloom!ย ย 
378
1794320
5920
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Sam, ๋ชจ๋“  ์šด๋ช…๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์›์ž๋ฅผ ์œ ์ถœํ•œ
30:01
The same scientific intelligenceย  which spilt the atom could also findย ย 
379
1801120
4320
๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์—
30:05
solutions to our human-made problemsย  in the 21st century, donโ€™t you think?
380
1805440
4080
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
30:10
So, the end of the world might be a falseย  alarm โ€“ or unfounded warning โ€“ after all!
381
1810080
5760
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ข…๋ง์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
30:15
Letโ€™s hope weโ€™ll all still be here next time forย  another edition of 6 Minute English. Bye for now!
382
1815840
5040
๋‹ค์Œ์— 6 Minute English์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
30:20
Bye.
383
1820880
480
์•ˆ๋…•.
30:29
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. I'm Samโ€ฆ
384
1829600
3840
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜...
30:33
And I'm Neil.
385
1833440
1040
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:34
In this programme, weโ€™re discussing low emissionย ย 
386
1834480
2640
์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €๊ณตํ•ด
30:37
zones and explaining some usefulย  items of vocabulary along the way.
387
1837120
4000
๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:41
Well, thatโ€™s good, Sam. But whatย  exactly is a low emission zone?
388
1841120
4000
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ƒ˜. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ € ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
30:45
Well, the noun emission is an amount of,ย ย 
389
1845120
2880
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์€
30:48
usually, gas, that is sent out into the airย  and harms the environment โ€“ itโ€™s pollution.ย ย 
390
1848560
5840
๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ค์—ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:54
And a low emission zone is an area of a cityย  where the amount of pollution is controlled.
391
1854400
5600
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ์–‘์ด ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:00
Of course, and cities like London have themย  - most vehicles, including cars and vans,ย ย 
392
1860000
5520
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Ÿฐ๋˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฐด์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด
31:05
need to meet certain emissions standardsย  or their drivers must pay a daily chargeย ย 
393
1865520
4880
ํŠน์ • ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์ผ ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:10
to drive within the zone โ€“ or theyย  might even be banned altogether.
394
1870400
3760
.
31:14
Exactly. Itโ€™s all about making the air weย  breathe cleaner. And my question today isย ย 
395
1874160
5360
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
31:19
about one UK city which recently announcedย  it wants to be the countryโ€™s first โ€˜net zeroโ€™ย ย 
396
1879520
6320
์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์˜๊ตญ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ '์ˆœ ์ œ๋กœ' ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:25
city - placing their greenhouse emissions atย  a neutral level. But which one is it? Is itโ€ฆ
397
1885840
7040
. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€...
31:32
a) Glasgow
398
1892880
1280
a) ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ 
31:34
b) Manchester
399
1894800
1520
b) ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ
31:37
c) Cardiffย 
400
1897040
1920
c) ์นด๋””ํ”„
31:38
Ah yes, Iโ€™ve heard about thisย  and Iโ€™m sure it is a) Glasgow.
401
1898960
3840
์•„ ์˜ˆ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
31:42
OK, I'll let you know if that wasย  correct at the end of the programme. Now,ย ย 
402
1902800
3600
์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
31:46
Neil mentioned that London already has anย  ultra-low emission zone. But this year,ย ย 
403
1906400
5200
Neil์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์ดˆ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ฌํ•ด
31:51
other UK cities, including Bath, Leeds andย  Birmingham, are also bringing in Clean Air Zones.
404
1911600
6960
Bath, Leeds ๋ฐ Birmingham์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋„ Clean Air Zones๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:58
And around the world, many other cities, likeย  Beijing, Paris and Madrid have these zones.ย ย 
405
1918560
5760
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ, ๋งˆ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
32:04
Although there are many types of emissions, suchย  as from factories, these zones predominantlyย ย 
406
1924320
5360
๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ
32:09
target exhaust fumes from vehicles โ€“ย  poisonous gases called nitrogen dioxide.
407
1929680
5840
์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค, ์ฆ‰ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋… ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:15
Letโ€™s hear from an expert on this - Alastairย  Lewis, who is a Professor of Atmospheric Chemistryย ย 
408
1935520
5600
์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ ์š”ํฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ Alastair Lewis์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:21
at the University of York. He spoke to BBC Radioย  4โ€™s Inside Science programme and explained whyย ย 
409
1941120
6800
. ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
32:27
we should be trying to reduce these pollutants โ€“ย  a word for the substances that cause pollutionโ€ฆ
410
1947920
6160
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
32:34
Most of the evidence we have now on airย  pollution is that we continue to seeย ย 
411
1954720
3600
ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
32:38
health benefits by reducing pollution, even whenย  you're below the target value. So, just becauseย ย 
412
1958960
6560
๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๊ฐ’ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
32:45
the city meets a particular value, there is stillย  an incentive to continue to improve air quality,ย ย 
413
1965520
5360
๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์งˆ์„ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
32:50
because the health benefits continue to buildย  up as you do that. So, targets are very goodย ย 
414
1970880
4560
๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ถ•์ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€
32:55
at focusing the mind, but they shouldn'tย  be the only thing that we're considering.
415
1975440
4080
๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:59
Alastair Lewis mentions โ€˜targetsโ€™. These areย  official levels of something that need toย ย 
416
1979520
5200
Alastair Lewis๋Š” 'ํ‘œ์ '์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:04
be achieved. They give us something to aimย  for โ€“ in this case reducing air pollution.
417
1984720
5120
. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:10
He uses the phrase โ€˜focusing the mindโ€™ โ€“ thatย  means to concentrate on one idea or thought.
418
1990560
6560
๊ทธ๋Š” '๋งˆ์Œ ์ง‘์ค‘'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:17
But, while setting a target to cut air pollutionย  is good โ€“ it has health benefits โ€“ we shouldnโ€™tย ย 
419
1997120
5440
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
33:22
just focus on meeting the target. Evenย  if the target is met, we shouldnโ€™t stopย ย 
420
2002560
4640
๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:27
trying to improve. The incentive shouldย  be that we are improving peopleโ€™s health.
421
2007200
4880
. ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:32
And an incentive is something thatย  encourages someone to do something.ย ย 
422
2012080
4000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:36
So, I think itโ€™s accepted that creating lowย  emission zones is an incentive because itย ย 
423
2016880
4960
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๊ณตํ•ด ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
33:41
encourages people to either not drive into citiesย  or to, at least, drive low-polluting vehicles.
424
2021840
6480
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ €๊ณตํ•ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:48
And, of course, changing to electric-powered carsย ย 
425
2028320
3200
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
33:51
is one way to do this. Thereโ€™s more of anย  incentive to do this now, at least in the UK,ย ย 
426
2031520
5120
์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:56
because the government has said new diesel andย  petrol cars and vans will be banned from 2040.
427
2036640
5600
์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ 2040๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ ค ๋ฐ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฐด์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์–ด๋„ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:02
But pollution from vehicles is just part ofย  the problem, as Alastair Lewis points outโ€ฆ
428
2042960
4640
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Alastair Lewis๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์˜ค์—ผ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€ฆ
34:08
One has to accept that airย  pollution is an enormously complexย ย 
429
2048160
3760
๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์€
34:12
problem with a very very large number ofย  contributing sources, and there will neverย ย 
430
2052560
6080
๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ
34:18
be any one single action that will cure theย  problem for us. So, low emission zones areย ย 
431
2058640
6320
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ๋‹จ์ผ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€
34:24
one way to reduce concentrations, but they areย  not, in isolation, going to be the solution.
432
2064960
5200
๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:30
So, Alastair points out that air pollutionย  is a complex problem โ€“ itโ€™s complicated,ย ย 
433
2070160
4160
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Alastair๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ 
34:34
difficult and involves many parts.
434
2074320
2320
์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:36
Yes, there are many sources โ€“ thingsย  that create these emissions. So,ย ย 
435
2076640
4560
์˜ˆ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
34:41
itโ€™s not possible to solve - or cureย  โ€“ the problem by doing one thing.ย ย 
436
2081200
4480
ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์น˜์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:46
Low emission zones are only oneย  part of the solution to the problem.
437
2086400
3360
์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:50
He said it was one way to reduce concentrationsย  โ€“ he means amounts of substances, pollutants,ย ย 
438
2090560
5520
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:56
found in something, which here is the air.
439
2096080
2800
.
34:58
Well, earlier, Neil, you had to concentrateย  your mind and answer a question aboutย ย 
440
2098880
4400
์Œ, ์ด์ „์— Neil, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
35:03
emissions. I asked which UK city recentlyย  announced it wants to be the countryโ€™s firstย ย 
441
2103280
6000
. ์ €๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์–ด๋Š ์˜๊ตญ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜
35:09
โ€˜net zeroโ€™ city - placing their greenhouseย  emissions at a neutral level. Was itโ€ฆ
442
2109280
4800
'์ˆœ ์ œ๋กœ' ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ...
35:14
a) Glasgow
443
2114080
1280
a) ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ 
35:15
b) Manchester, or
444
2115360
1360
b) ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
35:16
c) Cardiff
445
2116720
1040
c) ์นด๋””ํ”„
35:17
And, Neil, what did you say?
446
2117760
1440
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹, ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด?
35:19
I said itโ€™s Glasgow.
447
2119200
1680
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
35:20
And it is Glasgow! Well done, Neil. It wantsย  to become the UK's first โ€˜net zeroโ€™ city. Andย ย 
448
2120880
5920
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด, ๋‹. ์˜๊ตญ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ '์ˆœ ์ œ๋กœ' ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
35:26
later this year it is hosting a majorย  United Nations climate change summit.
449
2126800
4880
์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ง์— ์ฃผ์š” ์œ ์—” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ •์ƒ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ตœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:31
OK, Sam, I think we need a recap of the vocabularyย  weโ€™ve discussed, starting with emissionsโ€ฆ
450
2131680
5120
์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:36
Emissions are amounts of, usually, gas that isย  sent out into the air from things like cars.ย ย 
451
2136800
6400
๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:43
They harm the environment. And pollutants areย  the actual substances that cause pollutionโ€ฆ
452
2143200
5040
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ
35:48
To focus the mind means toย  concentrate on one idea or thought.
453
2148240
3760
๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:52
And we mentioned an incentive, which is somethingย  that encourages someone to do something.
454
2152640
5280
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:57
Complex describes something that isย  complicated, difficult and involves many parts.
455
2157920
4960
Complex๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:02
And when talking about pollution, weย  sometimes talk about concentrations.ย ย 
456
2162880
4480
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:07
These are amounts of substances,ย  or pollutants, within something.
457
2167360
3760
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:11
So, in a polluted city, we mightย  find high concentrations of nitrogenย ย 
458
2171680
3920
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ ๋†๋„์˜ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:15
dioxide because of all the traffic โ€“ย  itโ€™s not great for our health, Sam.
459
2175600
3680
์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Sam.
36:19
Indeed, Neil โ€“ thatโ€™s whyย  we need low emission zones!ย ย 
460
2179280
3360
์‚ฌ์‹ค, Neil โ€“ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
36:22
And that brings us to the end of this 6ย  Minute English programme. See you soon. Bye.
461
2182640
4800
์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ 6 ๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋ด์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•.
36:27
Goodbye.
462
2187440
480
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
36:36
Hello and happy Christmas! Thisย  is 6 Minute English with me,ย ย 
463
2196160
3680
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ๋˜์„ธ์š”! ๋‹๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
36:39
Neil. And joining me today is Sam.
464
2199840
2240
. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ Sam์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:42
Hello.
465
2202080
320
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
36:43
So, Sam, are you feeling excited about Christmas?
466
2203040
2640
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ƒ˜, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?
36:45
Of course! Time with friendsย  and family, eating lots,ย ย 
467
2205680
3440
๋ฌผ๋ก ! ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน๊ณ ,
36:49
partying, presents โ€“ and generallyย  indulging โ€“ whatโ€™s not to like?
468
2209120
4800
ํŒŒํ‹ฐ, ์„ ๋ฌผ โ€“ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ๋‹‰ โ€“ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
36:53
Indulging โ€“ allowing yourself to have perhapsย  too much of something you enjoy. Well, it onlyย ย 
469
2213920
6000
๋ฐฉ์ข… โ€“ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด
36:59
happens once a year, Sam. But for those of usย  who do celebrate Christmas, it comes at a price.
470
2219920
5600
1๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ, ์ƒ˜. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:05
Yes, well buying all thoseย  presents can be expensive.
471
2225520
2720
์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:08
Not just that, Sam. I mean it comes at a costย  to the environment, as weโ€™ll explain shortly.ย ย 
472
2228240
5360
๊ทธ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ์ƒ˜. ๊ณง ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:13
But letโ€™s start off with a quiz question for youย  to answer. In 2010, a Christmas tree in Belgiumย ย 
473
2233600
5760
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 2010๋…„์— ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—์˜ ํ•œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
37:19
was awarded the world record for having the mostย  lights on it โ€“ but do you how many? Were thereโ€ฆ
474
2239360
6240
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ์ผœ์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
37:25
a) 19,672
475
2245600
2800
a) 19,672
37:29
b) 94,672, or
476
2249040
3920
b) 94,672, ๋˜๋Š”
37:32
c) 194,672
477
2252960
560
c) 194,672
37:37
What do you think, Sam?
478
2257360
1040
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ƒ˜?
37:38
Well, I donโ€™t think you could fit 194, 673 lightsย  on a Christmas tree, so Iโ€™ll say a) 19,672.
479
2258400
8800
์Œ, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์— 194,673๊ฐœ์˜ ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ a) 19,672๊ฐœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:49
OK. Well, weโ€™ll find out how โ€˜brightโ€™ย  you are at the end of the programme!ย ย 
480
2269520
3840
์ข‹์•„์š”. ์Œ, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ '๋˜‘๋˜‘'ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
37:54
Of course, Christmas trees areย  the ultimate Christmas decoration.ย ย 
481
2274000
3200
๋ฌผ๋ก  ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์žฅ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:57
Itโ€™s part of the Christmas tradition andย  millions are bought around the world each year.ย ย 
482
2277200
4720
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ „ํ†ต์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งค๋…„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:01
But what impact do Christmas trees - realย  and artificial - have on the environment?
483
2281920
5440
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ ๊นŒ?
38:07
Well before we answer that, letโ€™s hearย  from some of the BBC Learning Englishย ย 
484
2287360
4080
๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ์ง‘์—
38:11
team who chose to have a real Christmasย  tree in their home and find out whyโ€ฆ
485
2291440
4720
์ง„์งœ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ BBC Learning English ํŒ€์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„
38:17
Well, you've got the smell of it. You've gotย  the look of it. But more importantly, itโ€™sย ย 
486
2297120
3840
๋ด…์‹œ๋‹คโ€ฆ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
38:20
Christmas trees are supposed to be symbolic,ย  aren't they? So the idea of something thatย ย 
487
2300960
3712
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
38:25
stays green all year, so bringing thatย  into your house it, it means something.
488
2305280
4000
์ผ๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋…น์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋ฉด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:29
I just think a real Christmas treeย  is more festive and more Christmassy.ย ย 
489
2309280
5440
์ง„์งœ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ถ•์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
38:35
And it's just the tradition to getย  a real Christmas tree, that's all.
490
2315440
4320
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง„์งœ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ํ†ต์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:40
Thereโ€™s something more beautifulย  about the nature, the smell,ย ย 
491
2320400
3200
์ž์—ฐ, ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ,
38:43
the feel, the look of the tree and I like it toย  be sustainable. So, as long as I get my tree fromย ย 
492
2323600
6160
๋Š๋‚Œ, ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์—๋Š” ๋” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‘์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ•œ
38:49
a person that promises to grow two or threeย  in its place, then I'm really, really happy.
493
2329760
4480
์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:55
Yes, I agree โ€“ you canโ€™t beat having aย  real Christmas tree. And as Phil said, itโ€™sย ย 
494
2335120
4800
์˜ˆ, ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์งœ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Phil์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
38:59
symbolic โ€“ it represents something important โ€“ andย  here a Christmas tree is the symbol of Christmas.
495
2339920
5280
์ƒ์ง•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:05
And as Jiaying mentioned, itโ€™s a traditionย  โ€“ something thatโ€™s done regularly and hasย ย 
496
2345200
4640
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Jiaying์ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
39:09
become the expected thing to do โ€“ and Iโ€™dย  agree it makes things more festive โ€“ aย ย 
497
2349840
5600
๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
39:15
word to describe the joyful feeling you getย  when celebrating something like Christmas.
498
2355440
5040
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ป๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ์ถ•์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:20
But of course, all these trees areย  often thrown away, which is wasteful.ย ย 
499
2360480
4080
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‚ญ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:24
That's why Roy mentioned his tree beingย  sustainable โ€“ which means they can continueย ย 
500
2364560
4880
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Roy๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰, ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋”
39:29
to be grown and cut down over a longer periodย  so itโ€™s less harmful to the environment.
501
2369440
5760
์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋œ ํ•ด๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:35
Well, an alternative to a real Christmasย  tree is a fake or artificial one,ย ย 
502
2375200
5120
์Œ, ์ง„์งœ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:40
which is what Feifei from our team hasย  in her house. What are the reasons why?
503
2380320
4880
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์˜ Feifei๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•ฝ 9๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
39:46
We have a plastic Christmas tree, which we've hadย  for about nine years. So it's plastic so you canย ย 
504
2386000
8080
๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
39:54
re-use it every year and it's more economical,ย  and we don't have to keep buying new trees.
505
2394080
7840
๋งค๋…„ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ƒˆ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:02
So Feifeiโ€™s fake tree is made ofย  plastic โ€“ so thatโ€™s not great forย ย 
506
2402480
3920
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Feifei์˜ ์ธ์กฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:06
recycling โ€“ but the good thing is sheย  uses it year after year which makesย ย 
507
2406400
3920
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
40:10
it economical โ€“ which means it doesnโ€™tย  cost a lot of money, itโ€™s good value.
508
2410320
3840
๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
40:14
Ah, but even Feifei admits it doesnโ€™tย  have the smell and feel of a real tree.ย ย 
509
2414160
5680
์•„, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Feifei๋„ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์™€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:19
Itโ€™s a dilemma isnโ€™t it, Neil?
510
2419840
1840
๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ด์ง€, ๋‹?
40:21
Yes โ€“ whatโ€™s best for us andย  whatโ€™s best for the environment?ย ย 
511
2421680
3440
์˜ˆ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
40:25
The BBCโ€™s Reality Check programme found that realย  trees take about 12 years to grow and as they do,ย ย 
512
2425120
6320
BBC์˜ Reality Check ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•ฝ 12๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ
40:31
they absorb carbon from the atmosphere andย  nitrogen from the soil โ€“ so a good thing.
513
2431440
4880
๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ, ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:36
But when itโ€™s chopped down, it starts to releaseย  emissions back into the atmosphere โ€“ especially ifย ย 
514
2436320
5840
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ํŠนํžˆ
40:42
you have to transport it to your home. And whenย  Christmas is over, if it ends up in landfill,ย ย 
515
2442160
5760
์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋งค๋ฆฝ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
40:47
the treeโ€™s carbon footprint will be higher.
516
2447920
2480
๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์€ ๋” ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:50
But its carbon footprint will be lowered if itโ€™sย  recycled or composted โ€“ thatโ€™s the process ofย ย 
517
2450400
5440
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‡ด๋น„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
40:55
allowing it to decay and then adding it to theย  ground to improve soil quality. A fake tree onย ย 
518
2455840
5600
์ฉ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋•…์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š”
41:01
the other hand is usually imported, and canโ€™tย  usually be recycled but, as Feifei mentioned,ย ย 
519
2461440
5280
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ’ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ Feifei๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
41:06
it can be re-used. But without any type ofย  Christmas tree, where would we put all thoseย ย 
520
2466720
5280
์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด,
41:12
lights I mentioned earlier, Sam? I asked you:ย  In 2010, a Christmas tree in Belgium was awardedย ย 
521
2472000
5840
์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ์–ด๋””์—๋‹ค ๋†“์„๊นŒ์š”, Sam? 2010๋…„์— ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—์˜ ํ•œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
41:17
the world record for having the most lights on itย  โ€“ but did you know how many? What do you say, Sam?
522
2477840
4800
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ์ผ  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์–ด๋•Œ์š”, ์ƒ˜?
41:23
I think I said 19,672.
523
2483280
3360
19,672๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
41:26
Ooo, not very bright Iโ€™m afraid!ย  There were in fact 194, 672!
524
2486640
7600
Ooo, ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”! ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 194, 672๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
41:34
Wow โ€“ think of the electricityย  that must have used!
525
2494240
3600
์™€ โ€“ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” !
41:37
Indeed. Well, letโ€™s enlighten everyone withย  some of the vocabulary weโ€™ve discussed today.
526
2497840
4560
๋ฌผ๋ก . ์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณ„๋ชฝํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
41:42
OK, well we started talkingย  about indulging โ€“ that meansย ย 
527
2502400
4160
๋„ค, ํƒ๋‹‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
41:46
allowing yourself to have perhapsย  too much of something you enjoy.
528
2506560
3920
์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:50
When something is symbolic, itย  represents something important.ย ย 
529
2510480
3840
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:54
And the word festive describes the joyful feelingย  you get when celebrating something like Christmas.
530
2514320
5120
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ•์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ป๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
41:59
Like the festive jumper you areย  wearing today, Neil โ€“ very jolly!ย ย 
531
2519440
3680
์ถ•์ œ ์ ํผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ , Neil โ€“ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์พŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
42:03
OK, next we mentioned sustainable โ€“ which meansย ย 
532
2523680
3120
์ž, ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
42:06
the ability to do something over a long periodย  of time without harming the environment.
533
2526800
5600
์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
42:12
Economical describes doing something thatย  doesnโ€™t cost a lot of money, itโ€™s good value.
534
2532400
4320
Economical์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:16
And when something is composted, itย  is allowed to decay โ€“ and it turnsย ย 
535
2536720
4240
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ‡ด๋น„ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‡ด๋น„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ 
42:20
in to compost which can be added backย  into the soil to improve its quality.
536
2540960
4560
ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ† ์–‘์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:25
Thank you, Sam. And that brings us toย  the end of 6 Minute English for now.ย ย 
537
2545520
3760
๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”, ์ƒ˜. ์ด์ œ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:29
It just leaves us to wish you aย  very happy Christmas. Goodbye.
538
2549280
3760
ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
42:33
Goodbye.
539
2553040
200
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
42:40
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
540
2560800
4000
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:44
And Iโ€™m Georgina.
541
2564800
1360
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:46
Sorry I was late today, Georgina. Iโ€™d forgottenย  to take the recycling bins out before the rubbishย ย 
542
2566160
6000
์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋Šฆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ ์ „์— ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต์„ ๋‚ด๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:52
collection this morning. I seem to have more andย  more plastic packaging each week! Actually, thatโ€™sย ย 
543
2572160
5520
. ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ฃผ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
42:57
the topic of our programme. With more and moreย  household waste being either incinerated โ€“ thatโ€™sย ย 
544
2577680
6080
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๊ฐ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜(ํƒœ์›Œ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜)
43:03
burned - or being buried underground, weโ€™llย  be asking - is the recycling system broken?
545
2583760
6080
์ง€ํ•˜์— ๋ฌปํžˆ๋ฉด์„œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ง๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
43:10
China used to accept 55% of the worldโ€™sย  plastic and paper scrap โ€“ another word forย ย 
546
2590560
6080
์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ฐ ์ข…์ด ์Šคํฌ๋žฉ์˜ 55%(
43:16
unwanted waste - or in other words, rubbish.ย  That included waste sent over from Britain.ย ย 
547
2596640
6640
์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„, ์ฆ‰ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:23
But in 2018 it stopped taking any more.
548
2603280
3520
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2018๋…„์— ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณต์šฉ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:26
Other countries like Indonesia and Vietnamย  took over Chinaโ€™s waste processing role.ย ย 
549
2606800
5280
์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์™€ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:32
But they too are now sendingย  much of the scrap back,ย ย 
550
2612080
3360
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์Šคํฌ๋žฉ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ˜์†กํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
43:35
arguing it is contaminated and itย  is harming their own environments.
551
2615440
4240
์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ž์ฒด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:39
This has created major problemsย  for countries in the Westย ย 
552
2619680
3440
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์˜์กดํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„œ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
43:43
who traditionally relied on othersย  to process their recycling waste.
553
2623120
4400
.
43:47
And the problem isnโ€™t going away. In fact, weย  are creating more household waste than ever.ย ย 
554
2627520
5280
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:52
So hereโ€™s my quiz question. On average, how manyย  kilograms of household waste were generated perย ย 
555
2632800
6640
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋…„์— ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ 1์ธ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  ๋ช‡ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
43:59
person in the UK last year? Was it: a) 280 kgย 
556
2639440
5840
? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€: a) 280kg
44:05
b) 480 kg c) 680 kg
557
2645280
5120
b) 480kg c) 680kg
44:10
That sounds like a lot ofย  waste! Iโ€™ll say a) 280 kg.
558
2650400
5120
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ญ๋น„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ! ๋‚˜๋Š” a) 280kg์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:16
OK. Weโ€™ll find out later if you were right.ย  Although nowadays people are recycling more,ย ย 
559
2656160
5360
์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ฆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
44:21
the use of plastic isnโ€™tย  decreasing at the same rate.ย ย 
560
2661520
3680
ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:25
The BBC World Serviceโ€™s programmeย  The Inquiry spoke to Roland Geyer,ย ย 
561
2665200
5200
BBC World Service์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ The Inquiry๋Š”
44:30
a professor at the University ofย  California about the current situation.
562
2670400
5440
ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด University of California์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ Roland Geyer์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:36
Thereโ€™s been a real raise in consciousnessย  which is fantastic and Iโ€™m really gladย ย 
563
2676640
7040
์˜์‹์ด ์ •๋ง ๋†’์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:43
that now it seems the public at largeย  is really interested in this issueย ย 
564
2683680
4320
์ด์ œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ •๋ง ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆ„์ด
44:48
and appalled and wants to do something about it,ย  wants to change it. But at the same time I donโ€™tย ย 
565
2688000
6160
๋ผ์ณ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ• 
44:54
see yet any real action that would makeย  things better because while all of thisย ย 
566
2694160
6080
์‹ค์ œ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด
45:00
is happening the virgin plastic industry isย  actually increasing its production capacity.
567
2700240
5920
๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฒ„์ง„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:07
Workers who process recycling are often exposedย  to dangerous waste materials which can harm them.ย ย 
568
2707520
6000
์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž๋Š” ์œ ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:13
Professor Geyer says there has been a raise inย  consciousness about this problem โ€“ meaning thatย ย 
569
2713520
4960
Geyer ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
45:18
people are being told about an unfair situationย  with the aim of asking them to help change it.ย ย 
570
2718480
6160
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋•๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:24
Now, professor Geyer is an Americanย  and he uses 'raise' as a noun.
571
2724640
4320
์ด์ œ Geyer ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ด๋ฉฐ '์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:29
The main problem comes from virgin plasticย  - original, unused plastic containers.ย ย 
572
2729760
5280
์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์›๋ž˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ธ ๋ฒ„์ง„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:35
These are made directly fromย  fossil fuels like crude oilย ย 
573
2735680
3520
์ด๋“ค์€ ์›์œ  ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š”
45:39
or natural gas - major sources ofย  carbon dioxide and climate change.
574
2739200
5280
์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:44
But consciousness-raising ofย  this issue is having an impact.ย ย 
575
2744480
3120
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹ ์ œ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:48
The public at large โ€“ meaning mostย  people in the world, rather than justย ย 
576
2748160
3920
์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘, ์ฆ‰ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
45:52
some of them โ€“ are concerned about the increaseย  in plastic waste and want to do something to help.
577
2752080
4960
ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:57
However, itโ€™s not always easy toย  know what the best way to help is.
578
2757040
4720
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋„์›€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:01
Another expert, Professor Monic Sun,ย ย 
579
2761760
2320
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ Monic Sun ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ
46:04
believes that focusing only onย  recycling may not be the best idea.ย ย 
580
2764080
4400
์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:08
She conducted psychological experiments to findย  out more about peoplesโ€™ attitudes to recyclingโ€ฆ
581
2768480
6240
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ...
46:14
..and surprisingly found that if people knowย ย 
582
2774720
2640
..๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
46:17
recycling is an option they tend to useย  more resources. They reduce any guiltyย ย 
583
2777360
5600
์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
46:22
feelings by telling themselves thatย  the material will be recycled anyway.
584
2782960
4880
์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์„ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:28
We have the slogan of โ€˜Reduce, Reuseย  and Recycleโ€™ and the priority shouldย ย 
585
2788720
5040
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ฐ์†Œ, ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์Šฌ๋กœ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๋Š”
46:33
be exactly that โ€“ reduce and reuse isย  better than recycling. And the cost ofย ย 
586
2793760
4800
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
46:38
recycling is often not emphasised enough.ย  People perceive recycling to be great butย ย 
587
2798560
4640
์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
46:43
thereโ€™s actually significant labour andย  material costs associated with recycling.
588
2803200
4400
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„์™€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:49
Professor Sun mentions โ€˜Reduce, Reuse andย  Recycleโ€™ as a useful slogan - a short,ย ย 
589
2809760
6960
Sun ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” '๊ฐ์†Œ, ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ'์„ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์Šฌ๋กœ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งง๊ณ 
46:56
easily remembered phrase,ย  often used to promote an idea,ย ย 
590
2816720
3680
์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋กœ
47:00
in this case, that we should all doย  what we can to protect the environment.
591
2820400
4480
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:04
But while protecting the planet isย  a common goal, recycling in itselfย ย 
592
2824880
4320
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์ž์ฒด๋Š”
47:09
may not be so important. Itโ€™s betterย  to reduce and reuse than recycle,ย ย 
593
2829200
5920
๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ธฐ
47:15
so these two objectives should be emphasisedย  - highlighted as being especially important.
594
2835120
5600
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:21
Do you remember my quiz question? I asked you howย ย 
595
2841280
2960
๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋‹ˆ? ์ž‘๋…„์—
47:24
many kilograms of waste the averageย  British person generated last year.
596
2844240
4960
ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ช‡ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
47:29
I reckoned it was a) 280 kg.
597
2849200
3520
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด a) 280kg์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:33
That would be bad enough, but the realย  answer is b) 480 kg. Multiply that byย ย 
598
2853280
6080
๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‹ต์€ b) 480kg์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—
47:39
the UK population of 66 million and youย  start to see the size of the problem!
599
2859360
5440
์˜๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ 6,600๋งŒ ๋ช…์„ ๊ณฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
47:44
Today weโ€™ve been talking about theย  problems associated with recyclingย ย 
600
2864800
3920
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ๋žฉ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํฌ๋žฉ์€
47:48
scrap โ€“ another word for rubbish.
601
2868720
2000
์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:50
Western countries used to send their rubbish toย  China for recycling but this caused issues forย ย 
602
2870720
4880
์„œ๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
47:55
the local environment. Some groups raisedย  consciousness about the problem โ€“ madeย ย 
603
2875600
4960
. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹์„ ๋†’์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
48:00
people aware of the situation toย  encourage them to help change it.
604
2880560
4080
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:04
The public at large โ€“ mostย  people in the world โ€“ are nowย ย 
605
2884640
3280
๋Œ€์ค‘, ์ฆ‰ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Šฌ๋กœ๊ฑด ๋˜๋Š” ์งง๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ธ
48:07
aware of the need to โ€˜Reduce, Reuse and Recycleโ€™,ย ย 
606
2887920
3680
'๊ฐ์†Œ, ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ'์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:11
the slogan โ€“ or short, memorable phrase โ€“ usedย  by environmentalists to spread their message.
607
2891600
5920
.
48:17
A related problem is the increase of virginย  plastic โ€“ original, unused plastic made fromย ย 
608
2897520
6000
๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์›๋ž˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ธ
48:23
fossil fuels. Recycling is unable to keep paceย  with virgin plastic production, so insteadย ย 
609
2903520
6080
๋ฒ„์ง„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์€ ๋ฒ„์ง„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ณด์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
48:29
reducing and reusing plastic should be emphasisedย  - highlighted as being especially important.
610
2909600
6640
ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:36
And thatโ€™s all from us. Bye for now.
611
2916240
2080
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
48:38
Bye.
612
2918320
320
์•ˆ๋…•.
48:45
Hello, this is 6 Minute English. I'm Neil.
613
2925920
2320
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” 6๋ถ„์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:48
And I'm Georgina.
614
2928240
1200
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:49
Georgina, what do you do to cheer yourself up?
615
2929440
3200
Georgina, ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
48:52
Having a walk usually helps โ€“ย  especially if itโ€™s in the countryside.
616
2932640
3760
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‹œ๊ณจ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:56
Yes, being in all the green openย  space can certainly help us relaxย ย 
617
2936400
4400
์˜ˆ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…น์ƒ‰์˜ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
49:00
and de-stress โ€“ getting back to natureย  can be a tonic when youโ€™re feeling down.
618
2940800
4240
๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ’€๊ณ  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์šฐ์šธํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•์žฅ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:05
Georgina A tonic isย ย 
619
2945040
800
49:05
something that makes you feel happierย  and healthier. Iโ€™ll drink to that!
620
2945840
3760
Georgina ๊ฐ•์žฅ์ œ๋Š”
๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค!
49:09
Me too. But connecting with the natural worldย  is particularly beneficial to people with mentalย ย 
621
2949600
5520
์ €๋„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŠนํžˆ ์œ ์ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
49:15
health issues such as clinical depression. Andย  itโ€™s something thatโ€™s being called โ€˜ecotherapyโ€™.ย ย 
622
2955120
6320
. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '์—์ฝ” ํ…Œ๋ผํ”ผ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:21
More on that in a moment but hereโ€™s aย  question for you to answer, Georgina.
623
2961440
4320
์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Georgina๋‹˜, ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์•ผ ํ•  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:25
OK, Neil. Fire away.
624
2965760
1680
์ข‹์•„, ๋‹. ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
49:27
Well, seeing or even hugging trees is a form ofย  therapy, but how high is the worldโ€™s tallest treeย ย 
625
2967440
7360
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ปด์•ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
49:34
thought to be? Is it... a) 65.8 metres,ย 
626
2974800
3520
์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... a) 65.8๋ฏธํ„ฐ,
49:38
b) 115.8 metres, or c) 185.8 metresย 
627
2978320
6160
b) 115.8๋ฏธํ„ฐ, ๋˜๋Š” c) 185.8๋ฏธํ„ฐ
49:44
Georgina, any ideas?
628
2984480
1200
Georgina, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
49:46
Not a clue โ€“ but letโ€™s go for theย  highest figure of 185.8 metres.
629
2986240
5120
์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ธ 185.8m๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:51
Are you sure? Well, weโ€™ll have to waitย  until the end of the programme to find out.ย ย 
630
2991360
5120
ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:56
Now, the mental health charity, Mind,ย  describes ecotherapy as a formal type ofย ย 
631
2996480
5200
์ด์ œ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ Mind๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์š”๋ฒ•์„
50:01
treatment which involves doingย  outdoor activities in nature.ย ย 
632
3001680
3920
์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์•ผ์™ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:05
However, thereโ€™s not one simple definition,ย  it just relates to doing activities outdoors.
633
3005600
6160
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ •์˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•ผ์™ธ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:11
Yes, it can involve doing manyย  things, such as outdoor yoga orย ย 
634
3011760
3520
์˜ˆ, ์•ผ์™ธ ์š”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
50:15
horticulture โ€“ another name for gardening.ย  It doesnโ€™t involve taking medication,ย ย 
635
3015280
5440
์ •์› ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ธ ์›์˜ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
50:20
but instead, it just develops aย  personโ€™s relationship with nature.
636
3020720
3680
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:24
Itโ€™s something Patricia Hasbach knows a lot about.ย  Sheโ€™s a clinical psychotherapist and told the BBCย ย 
637
3024400
6080
Patricia Hasbach๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ BBC
50:30
Radio programme Health Check how ecotherapyย  can help. Does she say it can help everyone?
638
3030480
6160
๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Health Check์— ์ƒํƒœ ์š”๋ฒ•์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
50:39
I often think about ecotherapy as anotherย  tool in the therapist's toolbox. It's not aย ย 
639
3039200
8720
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ƒํƒœ ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ ์ƒ์ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
50:47
panacea. It's not going to erase somebody'sย  pain or grief. But it is a powerful tool,ย ย 
640
3047920
7840
๋งŒ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์น˜์•ฝ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด๋‚˜ ์Šฌํ””์„ ์ง€์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
50:56
you know. Traditionally therapyย  has stopped at the urban boundary.
641
3056640
4400
. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:03
So itโ€™s interesting that she describesย  ecotherapy as a tool โ€“ something that canย ย 
642
3063680
4640
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ƒํƒœ ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋„๊ตฌ, ์ฆ‰
51:08
be used to achieve something else. Here is canย  be used to help improve someoneโ€™s mental health.
643
3068320
6400
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:14
Ah, but she says itโ€™s not a panacea โ€“ so notย  something that will solve everything โ€“ it wonโ€™tย ย 
644
3074720
5440
์•„, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์น˜์•ฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
51:20
erase or get rid of someoneโ€™s pain. But goingย  beyond what she calls the โ€˜urban boundaryโ€™,ย ย 
645
3080160
5280
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์ง€์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ '๋„์‹œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด
51:25
and into the natural world, means thereย  is another method for helping people.
646
3085440
4480
์ž์—ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:29
Now, as weโ€™ve mentioned, ecotherapy can takeย  on many forms โ€“ doing art in a forest orย ย 
647
3089920
5600
์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒํƒœ ์š”๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆฒ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
51:35
running on a beach are all therapeutic. They'reย  things that makes you feel better or healthier.
648
3095520
5360
ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:40
Well, I think thatโ€™s clear, but what isย  it about the outdoors that affects us?
649
3100880
4400
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์•ผ์™ธ ํ™œ๋™์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
51:45
A good question, Georgina. It seems from researchย  that our busy brains are always on guard, but whenย ย 
650
3105280
6080
์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์•ผ, ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”์œ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
51:51
we get into nature it gets a break, thereโ€™s notย  so much to be on the lookout for and we can relax.
651
3111360
5840
์ž์—ฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:57
Well, it does seem the negative symptomsย  of urban life can benefit from a dose ofย ย 
652
3117840
4480
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋„์‹œ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ฆ์ƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:02
nature โ€“ a dose is an amount of something.ย  Letโ€™s get a good explanation from an expert.ย ย 
653
3122320
6000
๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:08
Environmental psychologist Birgitta Gaterslebenย  also spoke to the BBC Health Check programmeย ย 
654
3128320
6000
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž Birgitta Gatesleben ๋„ BBC Health Check ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
52:14
and gave two reasons โ€“ one of them, sheย  explained, was something called โ€˜biophiliaโ€™.
655
3134320
4720
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” '๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ•„๋ฆฌ์•„'๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:21
Biophilia, very briefly, is reallyย  an innate positive response thatย ย 
656
3141120
6320
๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ Biophilia๋Š”
52:27
people have with life and life-like features.ย ย 
657
3147440
4000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:31
The idea that nature reminds us of life, andย  if we (are) exposed to the natural elementsย ย 
658
3151440
7200
์ž์—ฐ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ถ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์—ฐ ์š”์†Œ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด
52:38
then our sort of negative feelings get almostย  immediately replaced with positive emotions.
659
3158640
7200
๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:48
Birgitta Gatersleben there explainingย  biophilia โ€“ which is a passion forย ย 
660
3168320
4320
๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ Birgitta Gatersleben์€
52:52
or empathy with the naturalย  world and living things.
661
3172640
3600
์ž์—ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ • ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ•„๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:56
She said biophilia is innate, whichย  means is a quality that youโ€™re born with.ย ย 
662
3176240
4800
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ•„๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:01
So basically, most of us were born toย  connect with nature โ€“ nature remindsย ย 
663
3181040
4320
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์€
53:05
us of life and gives us good, positive emotions.
664
3185360
3040
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ถ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ข‹๊ณ  ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:08
Naturally. OK. Well, Georgina, maybe gettingย  todayโ€™s quiz question right will give you positiveย ย 
665
3188960
6000
๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์Œ, Georgina, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งžํžˆ๋ฉด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ
53:14
emotions. Earlier I asked you how high theย  worldโ€™s tallest tree is thought to be. Is it...ย 
666
3194960
5520
๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ...
53:20
a) 65.8 metres, b) 115.8 metres, orย 
667
3200480
5840
a) 65.8๋ฏธํ„ฐ, b) 115.8๋ฏธํ„ฐ, ๋˜๋Š”
53:26
c) 185.8 metres What did you say?
668
3206320
4240
c) 185.8๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด?
53:30
I said c) 185.8 metres.
669
3210560
3440
๋‚˜๋Š” c) 185.8๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
53:34
Oh dear, I'm afraid that's far too high! Theย  correct answer is 115.8 metres. Never mind.ย ย 
670
3214000
8240
์˜ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ •๋‹ต์€ 115.8๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
53:42
The tree, named Hyperion, is a type ofย  redwood and was found in California in 2006.
671
3222240
6640
Hyperion์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์‚ผ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ผ์ข… ์ด๋ฉฐ 2006๋…„์— ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:48
Well, thatโ€™s still very tall,ย  and would be great to see.
672
3228880
2720
์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:51
Now weโ€™ve just got time to recap someย  of the vocabulary weโ€™ve discussed,ย ย 
673
3231600
3600
์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
53:55
starting with tonic which can be a fizzy drinkย  you mix with an alcoholic drink, but in theย ย 
674
3235200
4960
ํ† ๋‹‰์€ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ„์‚ฐ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
54:00
context of therapy it can mean somethingย  that makes you feel happier and healthier.
675
3240160
4720
์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ.
54:04
Horticulture is the study or activity of growingย  garden plants โ€“ in other words, gardening.
676
3244880
5760
์›์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ •์› ์‹๋ฌผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์›์˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
54:10
A panacea is somethingย  believed to solve everything.
677
3250640
3440
๋งŒ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์น˜์•ฝ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:14
If something is therapeutic, itย  makes you feel better or healthier.
678
3254080
3760
์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:17
We also discussed biophilia,ย  which is a passion for orย ย 
679
3257840
3440
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
54:21
empathy with the natural world and living things.
680
3261280
2720
์ž์—ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ • ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ•„๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:24
And innate means a quality that youย  naturally have โ€“ youโ€™re born with it.
681
3264000
4160
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:28
Well, as you know I have an innate qualityย  for presenting this programme โ€“ but now itโ€™sย ย 
682
3268160
4240
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์ž์งˆ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ
54:32
time to go. Please join us next time, and donโ€™tย  forget to check us out on your favourite socialย ย 
683
3272400
4720
๊ฐˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ €ํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ
54:37
media platform, on our app and of courseย  the website bbclearningenglish.com. Goodbye
684
3277120
5600
๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ, ์•ฑ, ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•
54:43
Bye!
685
3283360
320
์•ˆ๋…•!
54:50
Hello. This is 6 Minute English and I'm Rob.ย ย 
686
3290640
3200
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ด๊ณ  Rob์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:53
This is the programme where in just sixย  minutes we discuss an interesting topicย ย 
687
3293840
4000
๋‹จ 6 ๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก 
54:57
and teach some related English vocabulary.ย  Well, joining me to do this is Sam.
688
3297840
4720
ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜์–ด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:02
Hello! So whatโ€™s our interesting topic today, Rob?
689
3302560
3520
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”! ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, Rob?
55:06
Something close to our hearts, Sam โ€“ it's travel.
690
3306080
2960
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€, Sam โ€“ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:09
Great!
691
3309760
720
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ!
55:10
But more and more of us are travelling to exploreย  the world โ€“ many of us have more leisure time,ย ย 
692
3310480
5200
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ๋งŽ๊ณ 
55:15
and the cost of travellingย  has become relatively cheaper.
693
3315680
3120
์—ฌํ–‰ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:18
But here lies the problem โ€“ the placesย  weโ€™re visiting are becoming more crowded,ย ย 
694
3318800
5040
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ถ๋น„๊ณ 
55:23
sometimes spoiling the atmosphere and the beautyย  โ€“ the things we came to see in the first place!
695
3323840
5440
๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ๋ง์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
55:29
This is why weโ€™re going to be discussingย ย 
696
3329280
2080
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
55:31
how some cities around the world are puttingย  restrictions on the tourists who visit.ย ย 
697
3331360
4880
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:36
But thatโ€™s after I challenge you toย  answer this question, Sam! Are you ready?
698
3336240
4240
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋„์ „ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ์ด์—์š”, Sam! ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:40
Bring it on, Rob!
699
3340480
1360
ํž˜๋‚ด, ๋กญ!
55:41
According to Mastercardโ€™s Global Destinationย  Cities Index, what was the most visited cityย ย 
700
3341840
5760
Mastercard์˜ Global Destination Cities Index์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2018๋…„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
55:47
in 2018? Was itโ€ฆ a) Londonย 
701
3347600
3280
? a) ๋Ÿฐ๋˜
55:50
b) New York, or c) Bangkok?
702
3350880
2880
b) ๋‰ด์š•์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด c) ๋ฐฉ์ฝ•์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
55:53
All great places to visit โ€“ but I thinkย  Iโ€™ll stay close to home and say a) London.
703
3353760
6320
๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์†Œ โ€“ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ง‘ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉด์„œ a) ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
56:00
OK. Well, as always I will revealย  the answer later in the programme.ย 
704
3360080
3920
์ข‹์•„์š”. ์Œ, ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:04
Now, letโ€™s start our journeyย  in Italyโ€™s capital city,ย ย 
705
3364800
3280
์ด์ œ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์ธ
56:08
Rome. Famous for its Colosseum,ย  Trevi Fountain and many other things.
706
3368080
4240
๋กœ๋งˆ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€, ํŠธ๋ ˆ๋น„ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:12
Lots of people are visiting, Rob โ€“ and localsย  and tourists have differing attitudes towardsย ย 
707
3372960
5280
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rob๊ณผ ํ˜„์ง€์ธ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์€ ์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
56:18
the way they respect these beautiful andย  historic sites. Respect here is a verb,ย ย 
708
3378240
5920
. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ Respect๋Š”
56:24
to mean treat something with care.
709
3384160
2240
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:26
Well, the authorities in the city fear thatย  some tourists are showing disrespect to the cityย ย 
710
3386960
5840
์Œ, ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ ค
56:32
and have introduced laws to clampdown on certainย  behaviour. Clampdown means officially trying toย ย 
711
3392800
5760
ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋‹จ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹จ์†์ด๋ž€
56:38
stop or limit people doing something. Sabinaย  Castelfranco is a journalist in the city.ย ย 
712
3398560
6080
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Sabina Castelfranco๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:44
She told BBC Radio 4โ€™s You and Yours programmeย  why new restrictions have been introducedโ€ฆ
713
3404640
5760
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ You and Yours ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:51
The new rules are really to make sure thatย  tourists do not misbehave when they areย ย 
714
3411280
5200
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์ด
56:56
visiting tourist attractions in Rome. Romansย  don't like to see tourists walking aroundย ย 
715
3416480
6400
๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘ ๋ช…์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋งจ๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ๋ฒ—๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
57:03
bare-chested, they don't like to see themย  wading in their fountains - so really theย ย 
716
3423440
4800
, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„์ˆ˜์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
57:08
objective is to improve the life of the cityย  for residents and for tourists themselves.
717
3428240
6400
๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์™€ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:15
So, the new rules are to stop tourists misbehavingย  โ€“ thatโ€™s doing bad or inappropriate things.ย ย 
718
3435840
7120
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:22
Iโ€™m sure not all visitors misbehaveย  โ€“ but those who have been,ย ย 
719
3442960
4480
๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
57:27
have been wading โ€“ thatโ€™s walking throughย  water โ€“ in the famous fountains and menย ย 
720
3447440
5760
์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋ฌผ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชธ์˜
57:33
have not been covering up the top halfย  of their bodies โ€“ so, going bare-chested.
721
3453200
6000
์ƒ๋ฐ˜์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งจ๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ๋ฒ—๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:39
Not any more, Sam! These new laws have bannedย  this with the objective of improving the lifeย ย 
722
3459200
5600
๋” ์ด์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ์ƒ˜! ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
57:44
for the people of Rome โ€“ the Romans. Anย  objective is a plan or aim to achieve something.
723
3464800
5440
. ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„
57:50
Other laws introduced in Rome, with the objectiveย  of improving the city, include giving out severeย ย 
724
3470240
6480
๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋งˆ์— ๋„์ž…๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์—๋Š”
57:56
fines to people who drop litter and to those whoย  attach โ€˜love padlocksโ€™ to historic monuments.
725
3476720
6400
์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์— '์‚ฌ๋ž‘์˜ ์ž๋ฌผ์‡ '๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:03
Well, I guess if it makes the cityย  a nicer place to visit for everyone,ย ย 
726
3483760
3920
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
58:07
then itโ€™s a good idea. Well, letโ€™s talkย  about another historic old city โ€“ Brugesย ย 
727
3487680
5040
์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ์ž, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋„์‹œ์ธ
58:12
in Belgium. The old and narrow streetsย  are often packed with sightseers โ€“ soย ย 
728
3492720
4640
๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—์˜ ๋ธŒ๋คผํ—ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ์ข์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ๋น„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
58:17
restrictions have been introduced there.ย  Helen Coffey, deputy travel editor for theย ย 
729
3497360
4720
์ œํ•œ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ€ ์—ฌํ–‰ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž Helen Coffey๋„
58:22
Independent newspaper, also spoke to the You andย  Yours programme, to explain what is going onโ€ฆ
730
3502080
5280
You and Yours ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:27
Bruges was the latest city to say we're goingย  to introduce new regulations to crack down onย ย 
731
3507920
5360
Bruges๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋„์‹œ
58:33
what they called the Disneyfication of theirย  city. A really key one is they're going toย ย 
732
3513280
4080
์˜ ๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆํ™” . ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
58:37
cap the number of cruises that can dock, andย  actually this a big one that lots of cities do.ย ย 
733
3517360
5920
์ •๋ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋žŒ์„ ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:43
They basically don't like cruise visitorsย  because cruise visitors don't spend money.
734
3523280
5200
ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:49
So Helen mentioned a crackdown โ€“ which likeย  clampdown โ€“ means taking action to restrictย ย 
735
3529440
7120
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ—ฌ๋ Œ์€ ๋‹จ์†๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์†์ด ํŠน์ • ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
58:56
or stop certain activities. And Bruges wants toย  crack down on the Disneyfication of the city.
736
3536560
7760
. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Bruges๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:04
This term describes turning something into anย  artificial, not real, commercial environment,ย ย 
737
3544960
5920
์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์›”ํŠธ ๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ ํ…Œ๋งˆํŒŒํฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
59:10
similar to a Walt Disney theme park. Iโ€™m notย  sure itโ€™s that similar yet, but one way toย ย 
738
3550880
4720
. ์•„์ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น„์Šทํ• ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
59:15
maintain the authentic feel of the city isย  to cap the number of cruises that can dock.
739
3555600
5440
๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ •๋ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:21
Cap means restrict or limit. Itโ€™s feltย  that visitors who come by cruise ship,ย ย 
740
3561040
6160
์บก์€ ์ œํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋žŒ์„ ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ์€
59:27
donโ€™t stay overnight and thereforeย  donโ€™t bring much money into the city.ย ย 
741
3567200
4720
ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค์„ ๋ฌต์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:31
The message from the city authoritiesย  is โ€˜stay overnight or donโ€™t come!โ€™
742
3571920
5200
์‹œ ๋‹น๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” '๋ฐค์ƒˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ค์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:37
Well, one city that has people visiting for theย  day or staying longer is the most visited cityย ย 
743
3577120
5760
ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
59:42
in the world โ€“ but where is that, Sam? Earlier Iย  asked you what the most visited city in 2018 was?ย ย 
744
3582880
7440
. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ˜, ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์–ด๋””์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•ž์„œ 2018๋…„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:50
Was itโ€ฆ a) Londonย 
745
3590320
1680
a) ๋Ÿฐ๋˜
59:52
b) New York, or c) Bangkok?
746
3592000
2800
b) ๋‰ด์š•์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด c) ๋ฐฉ์ฝ•์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
59:54
And I said London.
747
3594800
1520
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
59:56
That was in second place. The most visitedย  city last year was Bangkok, in Thailand.
748
3596960
5600
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 2 ์œ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋…„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ํƒœ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ฝ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:02
OK, Rob. Well, maybe what I can getย  right is a recap of todayโ€™s vocabulary.ย ย 
749
3602560
5520
์ข‹์•„, ๋กญ. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งžํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:08
Starting with respect. If you respectย  something you treat it with care.
750
3608080
5120
์กด๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:13
We also discussed clampdown, whichย  means officially trying to stop orย ย 
751
3613200
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
60:17
limit people doing something.ย  Crackdown is a similar phrase.
752
3617200
3760
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์†์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์†์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:20
To misbehave is to doย  something bad or inappropriate.ย ย 
753
3620960
3840
์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:25
And an objective is a planย  or aim to achieve something.
754
3625440
3760
๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:29
Our next word is Disneyfication - a term thatย  describes turning something into an artificial,ย ย 
755
3629200
5440
๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆํ”ผ์ผ€์ด์…˜(Disneyfication)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
60:34
not real, commercial environment,ย  similar to a Walt Disney theme park.
756
3634640
4400
์›”ํŠธ ๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ ํ…Œ๋งˆ ํŒŒํฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ƒ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:39
And finally we had cap โ€“ย  which means restrict or limit.
757
3639040
4480
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ•œ์„ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ œํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:43
Well, weโ€™ve had to cap this programme at 6ย  minutes โ€“ and weโ€™re out of time. Goodbye!
758
3643520
4560
๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ 6๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
60:48
Bye bye!
759
3648080
480
์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7