Nudges: The secrets of persuasion โฒ๏ธ 6 Minute English

170,879 views ใƒป 2024-04-11

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Hello. This is Six Minute
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:08
English from BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English์˜ Six Minute English์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
I'm Neil. And I'm Beth.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ด์—์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฒ ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Have you ever been sent a text reminding you about a doctor's appointment?
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์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:16
Or impulsively bought something on the internet
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
00:19
because there was 'only one left'?
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'ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฐ–์— ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:22
If any of these have happened to you, then
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:25
you've been nudged. A nudge is a subtle way
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฐ”๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„›์ง€๋Š”
00:28
of altering human behaviour.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
00:31
It's a powerful way for governments, advertisers
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์ •๋ถ€, ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ฃผ
00:34
and social media companies to encourage, or nudge, people
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๋ฐ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
00:38
into making choices that benefit themselves
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์ž์‹ 
00:41
and society as a whole.
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๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์— ์ด์ต์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Imagine the Government want
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€
00:45
people to eat better.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
00:47
It might encourage supermarkets to put healthy snacks
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์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋Œ€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€ ์Šค๋‚ต์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋‹จ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์—
00:49
in easy-to-reach shelves
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00:51
near the check out and hide the chocolate bars out of sight
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์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:54
on the top shelf. Shoppers are being nudged to eat better.
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. ์‡ผํ•‘๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋จน๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Well, that's the idea anyway,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:01
but often nudging is used less to benefit society and more to make money
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๋„›์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ด์ต์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:06
for big business, and it happens more often than people realise.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
So, in this programme, we'll be asking
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:13
whether the idea behind nudging, to influence human behaviour
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ์„ ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„›์ง€ ๋’ค์— ์ˆจ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€
01:17
for good, is still true today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ํšจํ•œ์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
And, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ, ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
But first,
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01:25
I have a question for you, Beth.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ €,
๋ฒ ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Another example of nudging happened in Woolwich, an area of London,
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๋„›์ง€์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์šธ์œ„์น˜(Woolwich) ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:31
which in 2011 had a problem with anti-social behaviour,
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2011๋…„ ์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™,
01:36
and particularly with shop windows being smashed.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒ์  ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
The local authority decided to use nudging to fix the problem
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์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋‹น๊ตญ์€
01:44
by painting pictures on the shop windows.
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์ƒ์  ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
But what did they paint? Was it: a) cute kittens,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”? a) ๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด,
01:50
b) babies' faces or c) barking dogs?
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b) ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด c) ์ง–๋Š” ๊ฐœ์˜€๋‚˜์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š”
01:55
I guess barking dogs would keep the window breakers away.
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๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ง–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
OK, Beth. I'll reveal the correct answer later in the programme.
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋ฒ ์Šค. ์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Nudging started in 2008 with the publication of a book
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๋„›์ง•์€ 2008๋…„
02:07
by Nobel Prize winning economist Professor Richard Thaler.
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๋…ธ๋ฒจ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž์ธ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํƒˆ๋Ÿฌ(Richard Thaler) ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฑ…์ด ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Professor Thaler's ideas about how to gently persuade people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒˆ๋Ÿฌ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
02:15
into making good decisions became known as nudge
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๋„›์ง€ ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:18
theory. Advertising executive Rory Sutherland introduced nudge theory
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. ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž Rory Sutherland๋Š”
02:24
to his agency, Ogilvy.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—์ด์ „์‹œ์ธ Ogilvy์— ๋„›์ง€ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
Here's Rory explaining more to BBC
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ Rory๊ฐ€ BBC
02:28
Radio 4 programme, Analysis. Let's say you make
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Radio 4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Analysis์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
the profitable option button green and highly attractive,
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋…น์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
02:35
the less profitable option,
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜ต์…˜์„
02:37
you make it kind of grey, and kind of manky looking, OK...
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ํšŒ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ดŒ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Š๋‚Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”...
02:40
That would be an example of something which is, you know, a nudge
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋„›์ง€์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ
02:44
not necessarily used in the best interests
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02:46
of the consumer. Advertisers
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์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ฃผ๋Š”
02:48
use colours to nudge customers towards the profitable option,
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์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด
02:53
the one which is the most likely to make money.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
These appear brightly coloured and attractive on the screen,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์€ ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋ฐ์€ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š”
02:59
whereas less profitable options are made to look
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜ต์…˜์€
03:02
manky, a slang word meaning dirty and unattractive.
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๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์†์–ด์ธ manky๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Here, nudging isn't being used for the public good.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋„›์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
These 'dark nudges' are also called 'sludge',
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ '๋‹คํฌ ๋„›์ง€'๋Š” '์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€'๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:14
make money for a company,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ง€๋งŒ
03:16
but are not always in the best interests of the consumer.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์ด์ต์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
If something is in your best interests,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์ด์ต์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:23
it's the most advantageous and beneficial thing for you to do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์ต ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ตํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Dark nudges have caused many to question
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์–ด๋‘์šด ๋„›์ง€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋„›์ง•์˜ ๋„๋•์„ฑ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
the morality of nudging,
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03:31
including Neil Levy,
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03:33
Professor of Ethics at Oxford University, speaking here to BBC
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์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ Neil Levy๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ BBC
03:37
Radio 4 programme, Analysis:
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Radio 4 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„: ๊ฐ€์žฅ
03:39
The big one,
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ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ,
03:41
the one people have concentrated on,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
03:43
is that it's paternalistic - that
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๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
is that nudge might be in our interests
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๋„›์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ต์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:50
but we want to make our own decisions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
People worry that nudges infantilize us, it's undermining our autonomy.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„›์ง€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์•„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ›ผ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Critics of nudging call it paternalistic, meaning
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๋„›์ง•์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜จ์ •์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:03
it wants to make decisions
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:05
for people, rather than letting them take responsibility for themselves.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
They also claim nudging infantilizes people.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋„›์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ ์•„ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
It treats them like children and, as a result, people lose autonomy,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ,
04:18
the ability to make your own decisions about what to do, rather
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์ฆ‰
04:22
than being told by someone else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
I guess nudging itself is neither good nor bad,
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๋„›์ง€ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ,
04:28
it just depends how you use it.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
04:31
Well, let's look on the positive side
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ,
04:33
by revealing the answer to your question, Neil.
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Neil๋‹˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Right. I asked you how authorities in Woolwich in South East London nudged
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ๋‚จ๋™๋ถ€์˜ ์šธ์œ„์น˜(Woolwich) ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
04:41
anti-social window breakers to behave nicely.
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๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ฐฝ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
I guessed it was by painting pictures of scary
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04:47
barking dogs on the windows... Which was the wrong answer
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌด์„ญ๊ฒŒ ์ง–๋Š” ๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ... ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”
04:52
I'm afraid, Beth. In fact, Woolwich council hired graffiti artists
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, ๋ฒ ์Šค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ Woolwich ์‹œ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผํ‹ฐ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:56
to paint pictures of local babies' faces onto the window shutters.
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์ง€์—ญ ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ์…”ํ„ฐ์— ์น ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Not even the most hard-hearted criminal smashed those windows
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋„ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:05
and anti-social behaviour fell by 18% in one year.
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๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™์€ 1๋…„ ๋งŒ์— 18% ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
OK, let's recap the vocabulary
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์ž,
05:12
we have learned in this programme about nudging โ€“ ways
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋„›์ง•(
05:15
of gently persuading or encouraging someone to take decisions.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Something which is profitable makes a profit or is likely to make money.
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Manky is slang for dirty and unattractive.
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Manky๋Š” ๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์†์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
If something is in your best interests,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์ด์ต์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:31
it's the most advantageous, beneficial thing for you to do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ตํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
A paternalistic person prefers making decisions for other people, rather
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๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:39
than letting them take responsibility for their own lives.
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.
05:43
To infantilize someone means to treat them as if they were a child.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ ์•„ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
Finally, autonomy is the ability to make your own decisions
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€
05:51
about what to do, rather than being told by someone else.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
Once again our six minutes are up.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ 6๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Remember to join us again next time
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ์—๋„ Six Minute English์—์„œ
05:58
for more topical discussion and useful vocabulary here at Six Minute
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
06:02
English. Goodbye for now. Goodbye!
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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