BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'The Future' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

224,147 views

2023-06-11 ใƒป BBC Learning English


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BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'The Future' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocabulary!

224,147 views ใƒป 2023-06-11

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Hello. I'm Rob and this is 6 Minute
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” Rob์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 6 Minute English์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
Englishโ€“ the show that brings you an
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00:10
interesting topic, authentic listening
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ, ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ
00:12
practice and some vocabulary to help
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์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:14
you improve your language skills.
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.
00:16
And hello, I'm Neil. Our topic today
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
00:18
is transport. How do you think you'll
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์šด์†ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rob, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ
00:21
be travelling to work in, say, 30
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๋“ค์–ด 30
00:23
years' time, Rob?
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๋…„ ํ›„์— ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:24
Well, not only will homeworking
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์ž, ์žฌํƒ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฐ€
00:26
be more prevalent โ€“ that means
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๋” ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์งˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ โ€“ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
00:28
โ€˜commonโ€™ โ€“ but I hope I won't be
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'์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š”
00:29
working in 30 years' time!
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30๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:31
Good answer! But if we look back
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์ข‹์€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:33
and see how transport has changed
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๊ตํ†ต์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด
00:35
in the last 30 years, it makes you
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00:37
wonder what the future holds.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Yes, we've seen how air travel has
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์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:41
become commonplace for
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00:42
many people.
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.
00:43
Commonplace means โ€˜not unusualโ€™.
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Commonplace๋Š” 'ํŠน์ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
And there's been the development of
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:47
high-speed train travel. But the main
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๊ณ ์† ์—ด์ฐจ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์šฐ์„ 
00:49
priority has been speed โ€“ going
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์ˆœ์œ„๋Š” ์†๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
faster to make your journeys quicker.
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์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
That's true, and we'll be discussing
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง
00:55
some ideas for making transport
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์šด์†ก์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:57
even faster soon.
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.
00:58
But let's not waste any time and
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค
01:00
speed on to today's quiz question.
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.
01:02
Ah yes, time waits for no one, not
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์•„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„,
01:04
even you, Neil.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋„ˆ๋„, ๋‹.
01:06
So, can you answer this question?
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์ž, ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:08
According to Guinness World Records,
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๊ธฐ๋„ค์Šค ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
01:10
in which country has the fastest
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01:12
ever train been recorded?
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:14
Is it inโ€ฆ a) China, b) Japan, or,
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a) ์ค‘๊ตญ, b) ์ผ๋ณธ,
01:17
c) France?
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c) ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค?
01:19
All these countries have fast
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋น ๋ฅธ
01:21
trains but I've heard that Chinese
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ
01:23
trains go particularly fast. So, I'm going
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
01:25
to say a) China.
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a) ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Well, you'll have to wait until the
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๊ธ€์Ž„,
01:28
end of the programme to see if
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01:30
you're right.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
But let's talk more now about the
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์ด์ œ ์šด์†ก์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
01:33
future of transport.
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.
01:34
One development we hear much
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:36
about is automation.
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์ž๋™ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Automation means โ€˜using
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์ž๋™ํ™”๋Š” '
01:39
machines to do work that humans
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
01:41
normally doโ€™ and in terms of
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'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์šด์†ก ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
01:43
transport this means driverless
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:45
vehicles.
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.
01:46
It won't be too long before we
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์Šน๊ฐ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:47
become the passenger in a
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01:48
driverless car.
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.
01:50
Scary! And the French train
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๋ฌด์„œ์šด! ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ
01:52
engineering company, Alstom, is
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์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ Alstom์€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—
01:54
planning to test automated freight
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์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ํ™”๋ฌผ ์—ด์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:56
trains later this year.
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01:57
The automated train prototype can
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์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์—ด์ฐจ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์€
01:59
travel for about 100 kilometres
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02:01
without driver intervention.
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์šด์ „์ž ๊ฐœ์ž… ์—†์ด ์•ฝ 100km๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
A prototype is the first version of
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์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:05
something which can be tested
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02:07
before it is produced in large
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02:09
quantities.
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.
02:10
Of course, some trains are already
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ด์ฐจ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ
02:11
driven by computers but there's
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์† 1,123km๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:13
an exciting plan to develop a form
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:16
of driverless vehicle that could
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02:17
move you around at 1,123
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02:22
kilometres per hour.
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.
02:23
Come on, Neil. That sounds a bit
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์–ด์„œ, ๋‹. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์ƒ
02:25
far-fetched โ€“ like flying cars that
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02:27
we see in sci-fi movies โ€“ it's
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๊ณผํ•™ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์–ต์ง€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ
02:29
difficult to believe because
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:30
it's unlikely to happen.
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.
02:32
Well, you say that but it's already
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
02:34
being tested in Nevada in the
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๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋˜๊ณ 
02:35
USA and has a name โ€“ Hyperloop One.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด Hyperloop One์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Tell me more!
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๋” ๋ง ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”!
02:39
The idea is, you get loaded into
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ํฌ๋“œ์— ์‹ค๋ฆฐ
02:41
a pod then you're pushed through
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๋‹ค์Œ
02:43
a metal tube at high speed, taking
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๊ธˆ์† ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜์„œ ๋ช‡
02:45
you to your destination in minutes
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:47
rather than hours.
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02:48
Anita Sengupta is the lead systems
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์•„๋‹ˆํƒ€ ์„ผ๊ตฝํƒ€(Anita Sengupta)๋Š” ์ˆ˜์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ
02:51
engineer and says there's nothing
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์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:53
scary about itโ€ฆ
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.
02:54
The Hyperloop is a maglev train
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ํ•˜์ดํผ๋ฃจํ”„๋Š”
02:56
in a vacuum system โ€“ or in a vacuum
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์ง„๊ณต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต๊ด€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ƒ ์—ด์ฐจ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:59
tube โ€“ and so you can also think of
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03:01
it as an aircraft flying at 200,000 feet
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200,000ํ”ผํŠธ ์ƒ๊ณต์„ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
03:03
so people don't have any issue flying
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ํƒ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ 
03:04
in aeroplanes and people don't have
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ
03:06
any issue going in maglev trains.
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๋ถ€์ƒ์—ด์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
This is simply combining the two
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„
03:08
and allows you to be more
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๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:09
energy efficient.
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.
03:11
So, Anita Sengupta explained the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Anita Sengupta๋Š”
03:14
type of technology the Hyperloop used.
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Hyperloop๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
First she mentioned maglev โ€“ that's
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๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
a short way of saying magnetic levitation.
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์งง์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
It's when trains travel on magnetic
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€
03:24
track rather than conventional rails.
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๊ธฐ์กด ๋ ˆ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž๊ธฐ ํŠธ๋ž™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
And then she mentioned a vacuum
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:29
system - a vacuum is a space that
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. ์ง„๊ณต์€
03:31
has had all the air and any other
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€
03:32
gases removed from it.
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๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
So the tube these pods travel in have
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠœ๋ธŒ์—๋Š”
03:36
no air in so there's no resistance.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
And these technologies are more
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋”
03:40
efficient and they save energy.
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Which is a good thing.
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์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
This sounds like a great way to
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
03:45
travel but will it take off?
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์ด๋ฅ™ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:47
Well, BBC technology correspondent
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์Œ, BBC ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํŠนํŒŒ์›
03:49
Rory Cellan-Jones isn't so sure.
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Rory Cellan-Jones๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
He thinks it will be quite challenging
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๊ทธ๋Š”
03:53
to convince governments to allow
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€
03:55
long metal tubes to be built on or
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๊ธด ๊ธˆ์† ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ƒ์ด๋‚˜
03:57
below ground.
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์ง€ํ•˜์— ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
But we have to try these new
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:00
technologies, Rob.
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, Rob.
04:01
If we didn't, we'd still be travelling
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
04:03
around on horse and cart!
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๋ง๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:05
A good point, Neil โ€“ and we wouldn't
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์ข‹์€ ์ง€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Neil โ€“ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ
04:07
have been able to travel at the great
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:09
speeds mentioned in today's question.
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.
04:11
Now, earlier I asked you, according to
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์ž, ์ด์ „์—
04:13
Guinness World Records, in which
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๊ธฐ๋„ค์Šค ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
04:15
country has the fastest ever train
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
travelled?
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04:18
Is it inโ€ฆa) China, b) Japan, or
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a) ์ค‘๊ตญ, b) ์ผ๋ณธ,
04:22
c) France?
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c) ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค?
04:23
And I said a) China.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” a) ์ค‘๊ตญ.
04:26
And you were wrong, Neil.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”, ๋‹.
04:28
China does have some very
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ
04:29
fast trains.
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๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
But the fastest recorded train was a
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ฐจ๋Š” ์‹œ์† 603km์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํŠธ๋ž™์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:32
maglev from the Central Japan
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๋„์นด์ด ์ฒ ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ƒ ์—ด์ฐจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:35
Railway Company, which ran on a
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04:37
test track at a speed of 603
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04:39
kilometres per hour.
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.
04:40
Now that would make my
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์ด์ œ
04:41
commute to work very quick!
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์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:43
OK, shall we recap some of the
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์ข‹์•„์š”,
04:45
vocabulary we've heard today?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:47
Starting with commonplace.
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
Yes. Which means โ€˜not unusual or often seenโ€™.
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์˜ˆ. ์ด๋Š” 'ํŠน์ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
For example, 'free Wi-Fi in coffee shops
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '์š”์ฆ˜์€ ์ปคํ”ผ์ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ Wi-Fi๊ฐ€
04:55
is commonplace these days.'
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๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:56
And very useful it is too!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:58
Next we had automation, meaning
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:01
โ€˜using a machine to do something
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'์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋™ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
instead of a human.โ€™
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05:04
'Automation in the car making
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'์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์กฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
05:05
industry has led to the loss of
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05:07
hundreds of jobs.'
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
05:08
Of course, when you build a new car
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ƒˆ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ
05:10
you need to make a prototype โ€“ that's
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ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœํ† 
05:12
the first version of something which
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ํƒ€์ž…์€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ
05:14
can be tested before it is produced in
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:16
large quantities.
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.
05:18
'The prototype of a new solar-powered
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'์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์ด
05:20
bike has been so successful that it's
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๋งค์šฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์–ด์„œ
05:22
now going into mass-production.'
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์ด์ œ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
05:24
Come on, Rob, that sounds a bit
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์ž, ๋กญ, ์ข€
05:26
far-fetched โ€“ and by that I mean โ€˜so
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์–ต์ง€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ์ œ ๋ง์€ '๋„ˆ๋ฌด
05:28
unbelievable it's unlikely to happen.โ€™
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๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Well, something people once thought
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ํ•œ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ต์ง€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:33
far-fetched is now a reality and that's
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:36
maglev โ€“ that's short for magnetic
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
levitation and is how some of the
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05:40
world's fastest trains travel.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
Finally, we discussed the word vacuum.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๊ณต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
It's a space that has had all the air and
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€
05:47
other gases removed from
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
it โ€“ basically an empty space.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
'The plan for Virgin's Hyperloop One
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'Virgin์˜ Hyperloop One์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ง„๊ณต๊ด€์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ์ž๊ธฐ
05:53
is to make a maglev even faster by
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๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:55
putting it in a vacuum tube.'
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.'
05:58
And that brings us to the end of
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
05:59
todayโ€™s 6 Minute English.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Donโ€™t forget to check out our You Tube,
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YouTube,
06:03
Facebook, Twitter and Instagram pages,
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Facebook, Twitter ๋ฐ Instagram ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ 
06:05
and weโ€™ll see you next time. Goodbye.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
06:07
Bye
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06:13
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:15
BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And Iโ€™m Rob.
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์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
From the ancient Roman sea god, Neptune,
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์‹  ๋„ตํŠ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ์–ด
06:21
to myths of mermaids, to modern Hollywood
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์‹ ํ™”,
06:23
films like Finding Nemo, people throughout
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๋‹ˆ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ ์˜ํ™”์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:26
history have been fascinated by the idea of
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06:29
living underwater.
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
In this programme, weโ€™ll be hearing about
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:32
projects to create liveable underwater
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์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ
06:35
habitats and the challenges they face.
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์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
Weโ€™ll be finding out how realistic it is to
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:40
believe that in a few years we could be
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์•„๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ถ€์—Œ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ
06:42
eating breakfast whilst watching fish
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ—ค์—„์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:45
swim outside the kitchen window, before
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06:47
heading off to work in an office under
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06:49
the ocean...
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... ...
06:50
โ€ฆand weโ€™ll be learning some related
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ
06:51
vocabulary as well.
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์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
But first, itโ€™s time for our quiz question.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„
06:56
One of the first adventure stories to fire
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๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ชจํ—˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:58
the publicโ€™s imagination about the
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07:00
underwater world was the 1870 novel,
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1870๋…„ ์†Œ์„ค์ธ
07:03
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
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ํ•ด์ € 2๋งŒ ๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
But who wrote this underwater classic?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๊ณ ์ „์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:08
Was it: a) H G Wells?, b) Arthur
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a) H G Wells?, b) Arthur
07:12
Conan Doyle?, or c) Jules Verne?
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Conan Doyle?, c) Jules Verne?
07:16
I think I know this one, Neil. Wasnโ€™t it,
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๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฑฐ ์•Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„, ๋‹.
07:18
a) H G Wells?
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a) HG Wells๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:20
OK, Rob, weโ€™ll find out later if youโ€™re right.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋กญ, ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
07:22
Now, one of the most ambitious designs
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ €(ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋•…)์—
07:25
for an underwater city is Ocean Spiral,
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07:28
a huge transparent globe attached
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๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ธ Ocean Spiral์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:30
to the seabed โ€“ the solid ground
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07:32
which lies deep below the sea level.
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.
07:35
The top of the globe stands above
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋Š”
07:37
the surface of the ocean and
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์œ„์— ์„œ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:39
running through the centre is a tower
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์ค‘์•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ํƒ‘์€
07:41
to add strength, and to provide space
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๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:43
for homes, offices and even an
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์ง‘, ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด
07:45
amusement park for five thousand
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5์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋†€์ด๊ณต์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:48
underwater residents.
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.
07:49
Ocean Spiral has been dreamt up
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Ocean Spiral์€
07:51
by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation.
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์ผ๋ณธ Shimizu Corporation์ด ๊ฟˆ๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Hereโ€™s Shimizu engineer, Maksaki
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ Shimizu ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด์ธ Maksaki
07:56
Takeuchi, explaining to BBC World
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Takeuchi๊ฐ€ BBC World
07:59
Service programme, CrowdScience,
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Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ CrowdScience์—์„œ ์ด
08:01
the motivation behind the idea:
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
At the moment the world is facing a
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08:10
lot of serious problems regarding food,
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08:13
energy, water, natural resources...
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08:16
however, we are trying to solve the
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08:19
issues just by using our land.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋•…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Our idea is to connect the sea surface
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด
08:26
and the deep sea vertically and that way
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๊ณผ ์‹ฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:30
we believe that we can utilise the
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08:33
capability of the deep sea and thatโ€™s the
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์‹ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
08:36
purpose of this whole project.
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์ „์ฒด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
The effects of human activity on the
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์œก์ง€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
08:43
land have led some to look to the oceans
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:46
for natural resources - naturally existing
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์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ž์›, ์ฆ‰
08:48
things such as minerals, oil, coal and
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๊ด‘๋ฌผ, ์„์œ , ์„ํƒ„ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• 
08:51
other energy sources that can be
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์—ฐ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:53
used by people.
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.
08:54
This search deep underwater is
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์ด ๊นŠ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ˆ˜์ƒ‰์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š”
08:55
happening vertically - at a ninety
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08:58
degree angle straight up or down
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์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š”
09:00
from the ground, as opposed to
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์œ„
09:01
horizontally, or flat across the
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๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ 90๋„ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:03
Earthโ€™s surface.
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.
09:04
But as yet, Shimizu Corporationโ€™s plans
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
09:07
for an underwater city are still in the
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Shimizu Corporation์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์•„์ง
09:10
planning stages - no part of the project
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๊ณ„ํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„
09:12
has yet been built and the total cost
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์•„์ง ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋น„์šฉ์€
09:14
is thought to exceed 26 billion dollars.
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260์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
In fact, the longest anyone has spent
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์‚ฌ์‹ค,
09:19
living under the sea is only 73 days.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 73์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
That record was set by Roger Garcia,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก์€
09:25
ex-military diver and head of The
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์ „์ง ๊ตฐ ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ถ€์ด์ž
09:27
Aquarius, currently the worldโ€™s only
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์œ ์ผ์˜
09:29
underwater research station.
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์ง€์ธ The Aquarius์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ธ Roger Garcia๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Hereโ€™s Roger Garcia, explaining to
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๋กœ์ € ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€
09:33
BBC World Service programme,
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ
09:34
CrowdScience, what happens to the
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CrowdScience์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ
09:37
human body after living underwater
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ธ์ฒด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:39
for so long:
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.
09:41
Perhaps a change in their voice, not
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
09:43
much โ€˜cos weโ€™re not very deep, thatโ€™s
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ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๊นŠ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ
09:45
because the air becomes denser.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
09:47
Physiologically, the most important thing
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์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:50
though, is that since you are, in this case,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:54
at two and a half times atmospheric
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••์˜ 2.5๋ฐฐ์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:56
pressure you do take on more inner gas,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
10:00
and, in this case, inside The Aquarius we
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌผ๋ณ‘์ž๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:03
just breathe normal air - youโ€™re gonna
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธํกํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
take on more nitrogen and depending
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
10:08
on how long you stay in The Aquarius,
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๋ฌผ๋ณ‘์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
10:10
thatโ€™s going to incur some sort of
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์ผ์ข…์˜
10:12
decompressed obligation.
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์••์ถ• ํ•ด์ œ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
In addition to engineering challenges,
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๊ณตํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์™ธ์—๋„
10:16
living underwater for long periods of
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์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ƒํ™œ์€
10:18
time also affects the human body.
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์ธ์ฒด์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
One example is the bends โ€“ or
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ๊ทผ์œก์˜
10:23
decompression sickness, a serious
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10:26
medical disorder created by nitrogen
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์งˆ์†Œ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ•™์  ์žฅ์• ์ธ ๋ฒค๋“œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์••๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:28
bubbles in the muscles when returning
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10:30
to the surface of the sea too quickly.
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.
10:33
The bends, and changes to the voice,
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๊ตด๊ณก๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
10:35
are examples of how underwater living
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ƒํ™œ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
10:37
changes the body
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์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
physiologically โ€“ relating
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10:40
to how the bodies of living humans and
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์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€
10:42
animals function.
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
As divers descend deep below the
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
10:46
oceanโ€™s surface, there is an increase in
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10:48
atmospheric pressure โ€“ the normal air
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••(
10:51
pressure within the Earthโ€™s atmosphere.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์••)์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
The deeper they dive, the higher
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๊นŠ์ด ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
10:55
the pressure.
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์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
Physiological reactions like the bends are
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๋ฒค๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์€
10:58
caused by divers incorrectly readjusting
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๊ฐ€
11:01
to normal atmospheric pressure.
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์ •์ƒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••์— ์ž˜๋ชป ์žฌ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Well, Neil, with so many difficulties, itโ€™s
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์Œ, Neil, ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:06
no surprise that H G Wells's fantasy of
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H G Wells์˜
11:09
living under the sea is still science-fiction.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ƒ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
Ah, but are you sure it was H G Wells,
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์•„, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ HG Wells์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•ด,
11:15
Rob?
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Rob?
11:16
In my quiz question I asked you who wrote
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๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ
11:18
the classic underwater adventure Twenty
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๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋ชจํ—˜ Twenty
11:20
Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
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Thousand Leagues Under the Sea๋ฅผ ์“ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
Yes, and I said a) H G Wells.
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์˜ˆ, ์ €๋Š” a) HG Wells๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
Which wasโ€ฆ the wrong answer!
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ ์˜ค๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
11:27
It was, in fact, c) Jules Verne, the
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์‚ฌ์‹ค c)
11:30
French author who also wrote Around
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11:32
the World in Eighty Days.
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80์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ผ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์“ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ž‘๊ฐ€ Jules Verne์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
In this programme, weโ€™ve been
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์ €
11:35
discussing the challenge of living
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11:36
underwater, going down vertically โ€“ at
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11:39
a 90 degree angle โ€“ to the seabed โ€“ the
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11:42
solid ground hundreds of metres under
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋•…์ธ ํ•ด์ €๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ(90๋„ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ) ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:44
the sea.
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11:44
Ocean explorers search underwater
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.
ํ•ด์–‘ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์—์„œ
11:46
for natural resources โ€“ useful materials
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์ฒœ์—ฐ ์ž์›, ์ฆ‰
11:49
like coal and oil.
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์„ํƒ„๊ณผ ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
But they face many physiological
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฝํž˜๊ณผ
11:52
problems โ€“ problems relating to how
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11:54
the human body functions, such as the
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”
11:57
bends โ€“ a painful medical condition
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๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์˜ํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ, ์ฆ‰
11:59
caused by returning too quickly to
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12:01
atmospheric pressure โ€“ the Earthโ€™s
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜
12:03
usual air pressure.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์••์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
Thatโ€™s all for this programme, but we
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณง
12:06
hope youโ€™ll be diving back into 6 Minute
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6 Minute English๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹ค์ด๋น™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:08
English very soon.
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.
12:10
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
12:11
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
12:17
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:19
English. I'm Dan and joining me
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” Dan์ด๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:20
today is Neil. Hi, Neil.
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Neil์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•, ๋‹.
12:22
Hi Dan. Whatโ€™s with the protective
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์•ˆ๋…• ๋Œ„. ๋ณดํ˜ธ
12:24
gear and helmet?
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์žฅ๋น„์™€ ํ—ฌ๋ฉง์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:25
Iโ€™m just getting ready for the inevitable
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ๋ถ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:27
rise of the machines. Thatโ€™s the takeover
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
12:30
of the world by artificial intelligence, or
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12:33
AI, which some people predict will happen.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ ๋˜๋Š” AI๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
'Inevitable' means 'cannot be avoided or
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'๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” 'ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค
12:39
stopped'. Rise of the machines? What do
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. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ? ๋ฌด์Šจ
12:42
you mean?
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๋œป์ด์—์š”?
12:43
Itโ€™s our topic in this 6 Minute English.
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์ด 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Weโ€™ll be talking about that, giving you
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
12:47
six related pieces of vocabulary and, of
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6๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜์™€
12:50
course, our regular quiz question.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
Thatโ€™s the first thing youโ€™ve said that
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:54
makes any sense. Whatโ€™s the question?
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. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ญ์•ผ?
12:56
The word โ€˜robotโ€™ as we use it today was first
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” '๋กœ๋ด‡'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
12:59
used in a 1920โ€™s Czech play โ€˜Rossumโ€™s Universal
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1920๋…„๋Œ€ ์ฒด์ฝ” ์—ฐ๊ทน '๋กœ์„ฌ์˜ ์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ฒ„์„ค ๋กœ๋ด‡'์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:03
Robotsโ€™. But before this, what was its
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ „์—๋Š”
13:07
original meaning:
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13:08
a) forced labour, b) metal man, or
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a) ๊ฐ•์ œ ๋…ธ๋™, b) ๊ธˆ์† ์ธ๊ฐ„, ๋˜๋Š”
13:11
c) heartless thing?
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c) ๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์›๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:13
I will go for a) forced labour.
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๋‚˜๋Š” a) ๊ฐ•์ œ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์‡ผ์—์„œ
13:17
Weโ€™ll find out if you were right or not
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:19
later in the show.
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.
13:20
OK Dan. Tell me whatโ€™s going on.
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด ๋Œ„. ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ค˜. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ผ์Šค๋ฒ ์ด๊ฑฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ CES ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‡ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
13:22
I saw a news article written by BBC
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BBC
13:25
technology correspondent Rory
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํŠนํŒŒ์›์ธ Rory
13:27
Cellan-Jones about the recent CES
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Cellan-Jones๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:30
technology show in Las Vegas.
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.
13:32
He interviewed David Hanson, founder
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๊ทธ๋Š” Hanson Robotics์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž David Hanson์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:35
of Hanson Robotics, who said it was his
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, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์  ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„
13:38
ambition to achieve an AI that can beat
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๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” AI๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•ผ๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:42
humans at any intellectual task.
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.
13:45
Surely, itโ€™s a good thing! Better AI and
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋” ๋‚˜์€ AI์™€
13:48
robotics could take over many of the
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ณตํ•™์€
13:50
jobs that we donโ€™t want to do, or that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:52
are so important to get 100% rightโ€ฆ
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100% ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
13:55
like air traffic control.
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ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ตํ†ต ๊ด€์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Weโ€™d never have another plane crash.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์ถ”๋ฝ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ
13:59
It would be infallible because it
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:00
would be so clever.
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.
14:02
'Infallible' means 'never failing'.
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Infallible์€ '๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‹คํŒจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
And thatโ€™s what bothers me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
What happens when its intelligence
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์ง€๋Šฅ์ด
14:08
surpasses ours? Why should it do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ์™œ
14:10
what we want it to do?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:12
To surpass something is to do or
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:14
be better than it. Dan, youโ€™ve been
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
14:16
watching too many movies.
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์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
14:17
Robots fighting humanity is a
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์€
14:19
popular theme. Guess whatโ€ฆ humanity
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์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณด์„ธ์š”โ€ฆ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š”
14:22
often wins. And besides, we would
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์ข…์ข… ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:24
programme the computer to be
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
14:25
benevolent.
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์ž๋น„๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
'Benevolent' means 'kind and helpful'.
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'์ž์• ๋กœ์šด'์€ '์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
But thatโ€™s just it, once the intelligence
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋‹จ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด
14:31
becomes sentient, or able to think for
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์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
14:34
itself, who knows what it will do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:36
We humans are not exactly perfect,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:38
you know. What happens if it decides
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
14:40
that it is better than us and wants us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
14:42
out of the way?
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๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:44
Donโ€™t worry. Asimov thought of that.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. Asimov๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
Isaac Asimov was an American
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์•„์ด์ž‘ ์•„์‹œ๋ชจํ”„(Isaac Asimov)๋Š”
14:48
science fiction writer who, among
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14:50
other things, wrote about robots.
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
He came up with three laws that
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๊ทธ๋Š”
14:54
every robot would have to follow to
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด
14:56
stop it from acting against humanity.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
So weโ€™re safe!
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
15:00
Iโ€™m not so sure. A sentient robot could
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๋‚œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ์€ ๋ชปํ•ด. ์ง€๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ฒ•์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š”
15:03
make up its own mind about how to
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:05
interpret the laws. For example, imagine
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ
15:08
if we created an AI system to protect
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๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
15:11
all of humanity.
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.
15:12
Well, thatโ€™s great! No more war.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”! ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
No more murder. No more fighting.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‚ด์ธ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‹ธ์šฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
15:16
Do you really think that humans
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์ •๋ง ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด
15:17
can stop fighting? What if the AI decides
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์‹ธ์›€์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? AI๊ฐ€
15:20
that the only way to stop us from hurting
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
15:22
ourselves and each other is to control
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15:26
everything we do, so it takes over to
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
15:29
protect us. Then we would lose our
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”
15:32
freedom to a thing that we created
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:35
that is infallible and more intelligent
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15:38
than we are! Thatโ€™s the end, Neil!
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! ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋์ด์•ผ, ๋‹!
15:40
I think thatโ€™s a little far-fetched, which
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ต์ง€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
15:42
means difficult to believe.
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
Iโ€™m sure others donโ€™t think that way.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
OK. Letโ€™s hear what the Learning
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
15:48
English team say when I ask them
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15:50
if they are worried that AI and robots
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด
15:52
could take over the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด ํ•™์ŠตํŒ€์ด ๋ฌป๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ž.
15:55
Well, itโ€™s possible, but unlikely.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
There will come a point where our
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
15:59
technology will be limited โ€“ probably
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„
16:01
before real AI is achieved.
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์‹ค์ œ AI๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
Never in a million years. First of all,
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ˆ๋Œ€. ์šฐ์„ ,
16:08
weโ€™d programme them so that they
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
16:09
couldnโ€™t, and secondly weโ€™d beat
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ
16:12
them anyway. Havenโ€™t you ever
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ด๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
seen a movie?
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์˜ํ™” ๋ณธ ์  ์—†์–ด?
16:16
I totally think it could happen.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
We only have to make a robot
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:20
thatโ€™s smart enough to start
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16:21
thinking for itself. After that, who
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. ๊ทธ ํ›„,
16:24
knows what it might do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:26
A mixed bag of opinions there, Dan.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Dan.
16:28
It seems you arenโ€™t alone.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
Nope. But I donโ€™t exactly have
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์›๊ตฐ๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:32
an army of support either. I guess
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.
16:34
weโ€™ll just have to wait and see.
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๋‘๊ณ  ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
Speak for yourself. Iโ€™ve waited
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์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
16:37
long enough โ€“ for our quiz question
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ
16:39
that is.
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
Oh yeah! I asked you what the
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์˜ค ์˜ˆ!
16:41
original meaning of the word โ€˜robotโ€™
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'๋กœ๋ด‡'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
16:43
was before it was used in its
466
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
16:45
modern form:
467
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1280
16:47
a) forced labour, b) metal man, or
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a) ๊ฐ•์ œ ๋…ธ๋™, b) ๊ธˆ์† ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š”
16:50
c) heartless thing?
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c) ๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์›๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
And I said a) forced labour.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” a) ๊ฐ•์ œ ๋…ธ๋™.
16:53
And you wereโ€ฆ right!
471
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€โ€ฆ
16:55
Shall we take a look at the
472
1015760
880
16:56
vocabulary then?
473
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
16:57
OK. First we had inevitable.
474
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋จผ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
If something is inevitable then it
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
17:02
cannot be avoided or stopped.
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ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ
17:05
Can you think of something
477
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์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋‚˜์š”
17:06
inevitable, Neil?
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1040
, ๋‹?
17:07
It is inevitable that one day the
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š”
17:09
Sun will stop burning. Then we had
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1029280
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ํƒœ์–‘์ด ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:12
infallible, which means never failing.
481
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‹คํŒจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
Give us an example, Dan.
482
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ๋Œ„.
17:16
The vaccine for smallpox is infallible.
483
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
The natural spread of that disease
484
1038880
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์  ํ™•์‚ฐ์€
17:20
has been completely stopped.
485
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
After that was 'surpasses'.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ '์ดˆ์›”'์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
If something surpasses something
487
1044800
1920
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด
17:26
else then it becomes better than it.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
17:29
Many parents across the world hope
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€
17:30
that their children will surpass them
490
1050960
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์ž๋…€๊ฐ€
17:32
in wealth, status or achievement.
491
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๋ถ€, ์ง€์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์ทจ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
After that we heard benevolent, which
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:37
means kind and helpful. Name a person
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์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์˜ ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋น„๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
17:39
famous for being benevolent, Dan.
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1059600
1877
, Dan.
17:41
Father Christmas is a benevolent
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด
17:43
character.
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
After that we heard sentient.
497
1065000
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
If something is sentient, it is able
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
17:49
to think for itself.
499
1069520
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
Indeed. Many people wonder about
500
1070880
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๋ฌผ๋ก . ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ
17:52
the possibility of sentient life on
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์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:54
other planets. Finally, we heard
502
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2160
. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์˜ ์–ต์ง€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:57
far-fetched, which means difficult
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17:58
to believe. Like that far-fetched
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2000
.
18:00
story you told me the other day
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์ €๋ฒˆ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์šฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
18:01
about being late because of a
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18:03
dragon, Dan.
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880
, ๋Œ„.
18:04
I swear it was real! It had big sharp
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2560
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์งœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งน์„ธํ•œ๋‹ค! ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด
18:06
teeth and everything!
509
1086640
960
์ด๋นจ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
18:07
Yeah, yeah, yeah. And thatโ€™s the end
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1087600
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์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
18:09
of this 6 Minute English. Donโ€™t forget
511
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6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
to check out our Facebook, Twitter,
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Facebook, Twitter
18:12
and YouTube pages.
513
1092960
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๋ฐ YouTube ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:14
See you next time!
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”!
18:15
Bye!
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18:15
Bye.
516
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500
์•ˆ๋…•!
์•ˆ๋…•.
18:22
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
517
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1600
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
18:23
from BBC Learning English.
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BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
Iโ€™m Neil.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
Are you feeling well, Sam?
521
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹๋‹ˆ, ์ƒ˜?
18:29
No headache or sore throat?
522
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๋‘ํ†ต์ด๋‚˜ ์ธํ›„ํ†ต์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:31
No, I feel fine, thanks, Neil.
523
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์•„๋‡จ, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”, ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”, ๋‹.
18:33
Why do you ask?
524
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์™œ ๋ฌผ์–ด?
18:35
Well, Iโ€™ve been reading some
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์Œ, ์ €๋Š” Covid์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—
18:36
inspirational stories about the
526
1116640
1760
๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:38
doctors and nurses
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18:39
fighting Covid. When I was a boy, I
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. ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
18:41
always dreamed of becoming a doctor.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:44
Ah, I see. Have you ever been in
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์•„, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
18:46
hospital?
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?
18:48
Yes, I have, and I remember the
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์˜ˆ, ์ €๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
18:50
nurseโ€™s bedside manner โ€“ you
533
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณ‘์ƒ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
18:51
know, the kind and caring way
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18:53
that doctors and nurses
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์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
18:54
treat people who are ill.
536
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์•„ํ”ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
Nowadays more and more of the
537
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ 
18:58
jobs that humans do are being carried
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ์ค‘ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„
19:00
out by machines. But I doubt that a
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:02
doctorโ€™s bedside manner could easily
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2160
์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์นจ์ƒ ๋งค๋„ˆ๊ฐ€
19:05
be replaced by a robot.
541
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๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:07
In this programme, weโ€™ll be discussing
542
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
19:09
whether the revolution in artificial
543
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1920
19:11
intelligence, often shortened to โ€˜AIโ€™,
544
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2560
์ข…์ข… 'AI'๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์ด
19:13
could replace human doctors
545
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1600
์ธ๊ฐ„ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:15
and nurses.
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.
19:16
Weโ€™ll be asking: can you imagine a
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
future without doctors?
548
1158160
2000
์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:20
In fact, machines are already doing
549
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ
19:22
some of the jobs traditionally done
550
1162480
1840
์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ผ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
19:24
by doctors - scanning peopleโ€™s
551
1164320
2160
19:26
bodies to detect skin cancer,
552
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2160
ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ์Šค์บ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:28
for example.
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.
19:30
Yes, thatโ€™s true, Sam, and it links to
554
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1840
๋„ค, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Sam. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—
19:31
my quiz question which is about
555
1171840
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๊ด€ํ•œ ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:33
human skin. Itโ€™s a well-known fact that
556
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.
19:36
skin is the human bodyโ€™s largest
557
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ
19:38
organ โ€“ but how much skin does the
558
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2320
๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:40
average adult have? Is it:
559
1180880
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:42
a) 2 square metres?,
560
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2240
a) 2์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ?,
19:45
b) 3 square metres? or
561
1185120
2640
b) 3์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ? ๋˜๋Š”
19:47
c) 4 square metres?
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c) 4์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ?
19:50
Of course our skin gets loose as
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
19:52
we age but I canโ€™t believe thereโ€™s
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ 3์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”
19:54
3 square metres of it!
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!
19:56
Iโ€™ll say the answer is
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๋‹ต์€
19:58
a) 2 square metres.
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a) 2์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
OK, weโ€™ll find out if thatโ€™s correct later.
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๋„ค, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:04
Every year in the UK over 5 million
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๋งค๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 500๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š”
20:06
people are treated for skin cancer.
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1206640
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:08
Catch it early and your chances
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์ผ์ฐ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด
20:10
of survival are increased.
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์ƒ์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:12
Usually a skin specialist, or
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜ ๋˜๋Š”
20:14
dermatologist, will examine your skin
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋Š”
20:17
using a handheld microscope.
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ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:20
But in 2017, a team of researchers
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2017๋…„
20:23
at Stanford Medical School made
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์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ด
20:25
an exciting announcement.
578
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:27
Hereโ€™s Oxford University researcher
579
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›
20:29
Daniel Susskind, telling BBC World
580
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Daniel Susskind๊ฐ€ BBC World
20:31
Service programme, The Big Idea, what
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Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Big Idea์—์„œ
20:33
the medics at Stanford had invented:
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์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:36
A team of researchers at Stamford
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20:39
last year announced the development
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20:40
of a system that, if you give it a photo
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20:42
of a freckle it can tell you as accurately
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20:44
as twenty-one leading dermatologists
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20:47
whether or not that freckle is cancerous.
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์ฃผ๊ทผ๊นจ๊ฐ€ ์•”์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ 21๋ช…์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋งŒํผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:51
The Stanford medical team had
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์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ ์˜๋ฃŒํŒ€์€ ์ฃผ๊ทผ๊นจ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ฐฝ๋ฐฑํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ˜์ ์„
20:53
invented an AI system to analyse
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1253120
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๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:56
freckles โ€“ small brown spots
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20:58
found on peopleโ€™s
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20:59
skin, especially on pale skin.
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.
21:02
As it turned out, the AI programme was
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๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, AI ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€
21:05
better than human doctors at
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21:06
telling whether a freckle was harmless
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์ฃผ๊ทผ๊นจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌดํ•ดํ•œ์ง€
21:08
or cancerous โ€“ connected to some
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๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค
21:10
type of cancer.
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์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•”๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•”์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:11
So, it seems that artificial intelligence
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์•”์„
21:14
is already replacing humans when
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21:16
it comes to detecting
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ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
21:17
cancer โ€“ and doing
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21:19
a better job of it.
603
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๋” ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:21
But Daniel Susskind isnโ€™t convinced.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Daniel Susskind๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:23
One reason is that AI systems still
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” AI ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
21:26
need humans to programme
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:27
them โ€“ and as it turns out, knowing
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
21:29
exactly how doctors detect
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
21:31
illness remains
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21:32
something of a mystery.
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๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:34
Hereโ€™s Daniel Susskind again in
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๋‹ค์Œ์€
21:36
conversation with BBC World
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BBC World
21:37
Service programme, The Big Idea:
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Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Big Idea์™€์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ด์—์„œ Daniel Susskind์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:41
If you ask a doctor how it is they
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์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
21:44
make a diagnosis, they might be
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์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
21:46
able to point you to particularly
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21:48
revealing parts of a reference book
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์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋„์„œ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
21:50
or give you a few rules of thumb,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ
21:52
but ultimately theyโ€™d struggleโ€ฆ
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
21:53
theyโ€™d say again it requires
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
21:55
things like creativity and judgment,
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์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
21:56
and these things are very difficult to
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:59
articulate โ€“ and so traditionally itโ€™s
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
22:00
been thought very hard to
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๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:02
automate โ€“ if a human being canโ€™t
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22:03
explain how they do these special
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
22:05
things, where on earth do we begin
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. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋””์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
22:07
in writing instructions for a
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22:08
machine to follow?
629
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?
22:12
Most doctors find it difficult to
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์„
22:14
explain how they make a
631
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๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:15
diagnosis โ€“ their judgement
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22:17
about what someoneโ€™s
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ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ง„์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ
22:18
particular sickness is, made by
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ํŠน์ • ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:20
examining them.
635
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.
22:21
Diagnosing someoneโ€™s illness is
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
22:23
complicated but there are some
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
22:25
rules of thumb. A rule of thumb is
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”
22:28
a practical but approximate way
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์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:31
of doing something.
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.
22:32
For example, when cooking, a good
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์ข‹์€
22:35
rule of thumb is two portions of
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์€
22:36
water to one portion of rice.
643
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์Œ€ 1์ธ๋ถ„์— ๋ฌผ 2์ธ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:39
Exactly. And because identifying
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
22:42
sickness is so difficult, Daniel
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Daniel์€
22:44
says โ€œwhere on earth do we
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"๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—
22:46
begin writing instructions for a
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์นจ ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
22:48
machine?โ€ We use phrases like
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?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋…ธ, ๋†€๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„
22:50
where, how or what on earth to show
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์–ด๋””์„œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:54
feelings like anger, surprise
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22:56
or disbelief.
651
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.
22:58
I might show surprise by asking
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22:59
Sam, โ€˜how on earth did you know
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์ƒ˜์—๊ฒŒ '๋„๋Œ€์ฒด
23:01
the answer to that?โ€™
654
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•˜์–ด?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด์„œ ๋†€๋ž˜ํ‚ฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”
23:02
Ha ha! I guess youโ€™re talking about
655
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ํ•˜ํ•˜! ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”
23:04
your quiz question, Neil? And
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, ๋‹? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
23:06
you neednโ€™t be so
657
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:07
surprised โ€“ Iโ€™m naturally brainy!
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒœ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
23:10
Of course you are. In my quiz
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ
23:12
question, I asked Sam how
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” Sam์—๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ธ์ฒด์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜
23:13
much skin there is
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๋งŽ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:14
on an adult human body.
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.
23:16
And I said it was a) 2 square
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด a) 2 ํ‰๋ฐฉ
23:19
metres.
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1123
๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:20
Which wasโ€ฆ the correct answer!
665
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2477
์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ดโ€ฆ ์ •๋‹ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
23:22
With your brains, I think youโ€™d make
666
1402880
1520
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:24
a good doctor, Sam, and Iโ€™m sure
667
1404400
1840
, ์ƒ˜
23:26
youโ€™d have a good bedside
668
1406240
1360
23:27
manner too.
669
1407600
1440
. ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ
23:29
You mean, the kind and caring way
670
1409040
2720
์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
23:31
that doctors and nurses treat
671
1411760
1440
์น˜๋ฃŒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:33
their patients.
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1306
.
23:34
OK, letโ€™s recap the rest of the
673
1414506
1974
์ข‹์•„์š”,
23:36
vocabulary, starting with freckle โ€“ a
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2720
์ฃผ๊ทผ๊นจ(
23:39
small brown spot
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1419200
1200
23:40
on someoneโ€™s skin.
676
1420400
1280
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ˜์ )๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
23:41
Freckles are usually harmless, but
677
1421680
1680
์ฃผ๊ทผ๊นจ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
23:43
some skin spots can be
678
1423360
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ˜์ ์€
23:44
cancerous โ€“ connected to cancer.
679
1424720
2640
์•”๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:47
A doctorโ€™s diagnosis is their
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1427360
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์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์€
23:49
judgement about what someoneโ€™s
681
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1600
๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜
23:50
particular sickness
682
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1200
ํŠน์ •
23:52
or disease is.
683
1432000
1523
์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:53
A rule of thumb is a useful but
684
1433523
2157
๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
23:55
approximate way of doing or
685
1435680
1680
์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:57
measuring something.
686
1437360
1440
.
23:58
And finally, we use phrases
687
1438800
1680
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
24:00
like, 'where on earth..?'
688
1440480
1789
'๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋””..?'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:02
as a way to show emotions
689
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1657
24:03
like anger, surprise or disbelief.
690
1443926
2874
๋ถ„๋…ธ, ๋†€๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ.
24:06
Thatโ€™s all for this programme
691
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1360
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€
24:08
but join us for the next edition
692
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1520
์ด์ง€๋งŒ
24:09
of 6 Minute English
693
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1280
6 Minute English์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ํŒ์—์„œ
24:10
when weโ€™ll discuss another
694
1450960
1200
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
24:12
trending topic
695
1452160
880
์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ
24:13
and the related vocabulary.
696
1453040
2216
์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:15
Why on earth would you miss it?
697
1455256
2024
๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›Œํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
24:17
Goodbye for now!
698
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1440
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
24:18
Goodbye!
699
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926
์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
24:25
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
700
1465400
1842
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:27
from BBC Learning English.
701
1467242
1414
BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:28
Iโ€™m Neil.
702
1468656
864
์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:29
And Iโ€™m Rob.
703
1469520
717
์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:30
From the bubonic plague to
704
1470237
1853
์„  ํŽ˜์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ
24:32
cholera and tuberculosis, disease
705
1472090
2916
์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘
24:35
and pandemics have changed the
706
1475006
2036
๊ณผ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์€
24:37
way cities have been built.
707
1477042
2074
๋„์‹œ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:39
For example, buildings in 19th century Paris
708
1479116
3284
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ํ–‡๋น›์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
24:42
were designed with large, high-up windows
709
1482400
2696
ํฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:45
to allow plenty of sunlight.
710
1485096
1728
.
24:46
They were supposed to stop
711
1486824
1466
๊ทธ๋“ค์€
24:48
the spread of tuberculosis.
712
1488290
2000
๊ฒฐํ•ต์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:50
Coronavirus has been no different.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
In lockdown, cities from Rio to Barcelona
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3835
ํ์‡„๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์…€๋กœ๋‚˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋Š”
24:56
were transformed as wildlife and birdsong
715
1496855
2697
์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
24:59
replaced the noise of taxi horns
716
1499552
2000
ํƒ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ณผ ๊ตํ†ต ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:01
and traffic. And with no car pollution,
717
1501552
2403
. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ณตํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด
25:03
you could even see the stars at night!
718
1503955
3056
๋ฐค์—๋„ ๋ณ„์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
25:07
In this programme, weโ€™ll be asking if cities
719
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
25:09
after lockdown will ever be the same
720
1509201
1926
๋ด‰์‡„ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
25:11
again โ€“ and if we want them to be.
721
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„์‹œ
25:13
Weโ€™ll be hearing some ideas from
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1853
์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:14
different cities around the world.
723
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2073
.
25:17
And, of course, weโ€™ll be learning
724
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก 
25:18
some new vocabulary along the way.
725
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2257
๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Covid-19์˜
25:21
One of the cities most affected by
726
1521054
2000
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ๋„์‹œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
25:23
Covid-19 was Mumbai in India โ€“
727
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2696
์ธ๋„์˜ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:25
but approximately how many people
728
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
25:27
were affected? Whatโ€™s the estimated
729
1527420
2404
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:29
population of Mumbai?
730
1529824
1413
๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:31
Thatโ€™s my quiz question for you today, Rob.
731
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, Rob.
25:33
Is it: a) 15 million people,
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3062
a) 1,500๋งŒ ๋ช…,
25:36
b) 20 million people, or
733
1536666
1487
b) 2,000๋งŒ ๋ช… ๋˜๋Š”
25:38
c) 25 million people?
734
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c) 2,500๋งŒ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
25:40
I know Mumbai is an international
735
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2957
์ €๋Š” ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ
25:43
mega-city, so Iโ€™ll say
736
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2364
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
25:45
b) 20 million people.
737
1545804
2516
b) ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:48
OK, Rob, weโ€™ll find out later if
738
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ๋กญ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ž
25:50
thatโ€™s right.
739
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1200
.
25:51
Now, Beatriz Colomina is a professor
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2640
ํ˜„์žฌ Beatriz Colomina๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
25:54
of architecture at Princeton University
741
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2400
Princeton University์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:56
in the United States. Sheโ€™s spent years
742
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
25:59
researching the relationship between
743
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26:00
cities and disease. Here she is talking
744
1560800
2800
๋„์‹œ์™€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋…„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
26:03
with Kavita Puri, presenter of BBC
745
1563600
2640
BBC
26:06
World Service programme, The Inquiry:
746
1566240
2440
World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ The Inquiry:
26:09
Take tuberculosis. Unlike
747
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2590
Take tuberculosis์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž์ธ Kavita Puri์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1850๋…„๋Œ€์—
26:11
cholera, which
748
1571600
800
26:12
was eliminated in London by
749
1572400
1840
26:14
re-designing the sewage system
750
1574240
1760
ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์€
26:16
in the 1850s, TB was airborne.
751
1576000
3920
๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:19
It became a real problem with
752
1579920
2400
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
26:22
the rise of the industrial cities, the
753
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2640
์‚ฐ์—… ๋„์‹œ, ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:24
metropolis, before an antibiotic
754
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2960
26:27
was effective.
755
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1520
.
26:29
One in seven people on the
756
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1520
์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ 7๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์€
26:30
planet had TB, but in dense cities
757
1590960
2800
๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” 3๋ช…
26:33
like Paris, it was one in three. Closely
758
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4000
์ค‘ 1๋ช…์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ต์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ
26:37
packed tenements meant the disease
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1597760
2240
๋ฐ€์ง‘๋œ ๊ณต๋™ ์ฃผํƒ์€
26:40
spread like wildfire and architects
760
1600000
3120
์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€
26:43
and planning experts responded.
761
1603120
2480
์™€ ๊ณ„ํš ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:45
Some diseases, like cholera, could
762
1605600
2080
์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€
26:47
be prevented by redesigning cities
763
1607680
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26:50
to improve hygiene, like the waste
764
1610080
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26:52
water sewers in 19th century London.
765
1612320
2880
19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ํ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:55
But the problem with tuberculosis, or
766
1615200
2320
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ต,
26:57
TB for short, was that the disease is
767
1617520
2960
์ค„์—ฌ์„œ TB์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด
27:00
airborne โ€“ carried and spread in
768
1620480
2000
๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด๋ฐ˜๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ํผ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:02
the air.
769
1622480
720
.
27:03
Adding to the problem was the fact
770
1623200
1680
๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
27:04
that antibiotics โ€“ medicines like
771
1624880
2480
27:07
penicillin that can destroy harmful
772
1627360
2080
ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝ์ธ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€
27:09
bacteria or stop their growth โ€“ was
773
1629440
2560
27:12
not discovered until 1928 โ€“ too late
774
1632000
3280
1928๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:15
to save the thousands of people who
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1635280
1840
27:17
died in Mumbai, New York, Paris and
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1637120
2240
27:19
other cities during the 1800s.
777
1639360
2080
1800๋…„๋Œ€.
27:21
Diseases like TB killed more and
778
1641440
2240
๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€
27:23
more people as cities industrialised
779
1643680
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ 
27:26
and grew bigger and bigger, leading
780
1646560
1840
์ ์  ๋” ์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•œ
27:28
to the creation of the
781
1648400
1360
27:29
metropolis โ€“ the largest, busiest and
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1649760
2640
27:32
most important
783
1652400
880
27:33
city in a country or region.
784
1653280
1680
๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:34
Many people crowded together in
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1654960
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
27:36
large metropolises meaning that
786
1656480
1920
27:38
disease could spread like wildfire โ€“ an
787
1658400
2560
์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋“ค๋ถˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:40
idiom meaning spread quickly around
788
1660960
2000
๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:42
many people.
789
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.
27:44
Even today disease is shaping
790
1664000
1840
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€
27:45
our cities. In post-Covid Paris, new
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1665840
3280
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
27:49
ideas for a โ€™15 minute cityโ€™ aim to
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1669120
2720
'15๋ถ„ ๋„์‹œ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
27:51
make all public services available
793
1671840
2000
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋„๋ณด
27:53
within a fifteen minute walk to help
794
1673840
2160
15๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:56
people working from home.
795
1676000
1680
.
27:57
Other countries want to build
796
1677680
1440
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๋„์‹ฌ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์— ๋”
27:59
better, more affordable housing
797
1679120
1680
์ข‹๊ณ  ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:00
outside the city centre.
798
1680800
1680
.
28:02
But according to Mumbai resident
799
1682480
1680
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”
28:04
Dr Vaidehi Tandel, this wonโ€™t
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1684160
2240
Dr Vaidehi Tandel์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ
28:06
work โ€“ even if the housing on
801
1686400
2000
์ฃผํƒ์ด ๋” ์ข‹๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:08
offer is better.
802
1688400
1280
.
28:09
But why? The reason is work.
803
1689680
3120
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™œ? ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:12
When you shift them out, youโ€™re
804
1692800
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
28:14
moving them away from their
805
1694160
1280
๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
28:15
livelihoods and theyโ€™re not going to
806
1695440
1360
๊ทธ๋“ค์€
28:16
be able to sustain themselves there
807
1696800
1680
๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:18
so, they will be coming back because
808
1698480
2400
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
28:20
their jobs are in the city and they
809
1700880
1680
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง์—…์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ
28:22
cannot afford the commute from
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1702560
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ํ†ต๊ทผํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:24
further off places.
811
1704560
1200
์˜คํ”„ ์žฅ์†Œ.
28:26
Dr Vaidehi Tandel there, talking on
812
1706400
2160
28:28
the BBC World Service programme
813
1708560
1840
BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ
28:30
The Inquiry.Trying to make cities less
814
1710400
2720
The Inquiry์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•œ Vaidehi Tandel ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ. ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋œ
28:33
crowded is one way to minimise the
815
1713120
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๋ถ๋น„๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:35
risks from disease. But moving people
816
1715280
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
28:37
away from the city centre means moving
817
1717760
2080
28:39
them away from their livelihood โ€“ their
818
1719840
1920
์ƒ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ, ์ฆ‰
28:41
job or other way of earning money to
819
1721760
1760
28:43
pay for food, housing and clothing.
820
1723520
2880
์Œ์‹, ์ฃผํƒ, ์˜๋ณต์— ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:46
Many people still want to live near
821
1726400
1600
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘๊ณผ ์ง์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ†ต๊ทผ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„์‹ฌ์˜ ์ง์žฅ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:48
their workplace in the city centre
822
1728000
2080
28:50
because they canโ€™t afford to pay
823
1730080
1600
28:51
for the commute โ€“ the journey
824
1731680
1520
28:53
between their home and their
825
1733200
1360
28:54
place of work.
826
1734560
1440
.
28:56
Which is real problem when you
827
1736000
1440
๋‹น์‹ ์ด
28:57
live in a city ofโ€ฆ how many people
828
1737440
2400
๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด ๋•Œ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”โ€ฆ
28:59
did you say live in Mumbai, Neil?
829
1739840
2000
29:01
Ah yes, in our quiz question I asked
830
1741840
2320
์•„ ์˜ˆ, ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜
29:04
you what the estimated population
831
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2000
์˜ˆ์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:06
of Mumbai is.
832
1746160
1200
.
29:07
I said b) 20 million people.
833
1747360
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๋‚˜๋Š” b) 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
29:10
And you were absolutely right!
834
1750080
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ
29:11
Around 20 million people live in
835
1751840
1920
์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด
29:13
the Mumbai metropolis, making it
836
1753760
2000
29:15
very difficult to socially distance.
837
1755760
2640
์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:18
In this programme, weโ€™ve been
838
1758400
1360
์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
29:19
discussing the relationship between
839
1759760
1600
29:21
cities and disease. In the 1800s,
840
1761360
3040
๋„์‹œ์™€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1800๋…„๋Œ€์—
29:24
tuberculous, or TB, killed thousands
841
1764400
3360
๊ฒฐํ•ต, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์€
29:27
because it was an airborne
842
1767760
1680
29:29
disease โ€“ spread
843
1769440
1280
29:30
in the air, and hard to prevent.
844
1770720
2080
๊ณต์ค‘์— ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋งค๊ฐœ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์•—์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:32
Antibiotics โ€“ medicinal chemicals
845
1772800
2400
ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ โ€“ ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ท ์„
29:35
like penicillin which can destroy
846
1775200
1920
ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์•ฝ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
29:37
harmful germs, couldnโ€™t help
847
1777120
2160
๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:39
because they werenโ€™t discovered
848
1779280
1360
29:40
until decades later.
849
1780640
1760
.
29:42
So in metropolises โ€“ the largest and
850
1782400
2640
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š”
29:45
most important cities, where people
851
1785040
1760
29:46
live crowded close together, diseases
852
1786800
2960
์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด
29:49
spread like wildfire โ€“ an idiom
853
1789760
2400
์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์˜
29:52
meaning spread widely and quickly.
854
1792160
2400
์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:54
In Mumbai and other places, the
855
1794560
1840
๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
29:56
problem remains that many
856
1796400
1440
๋งŽ์€
29:57
people need the city for their
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
29:59
livelihood โ€“ job or other way of
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์ง์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:01
earning money.
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.
30:02
So, they prefer to live in the city
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
30:04
centre instead of paying for the
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30:05
daily commute โ€“ a journey, often
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30:07
by train, bus or car, from your home
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์ง์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ธฐ์ฐจ, ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ†ต๊ทผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋„์‹ฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:10
to your workplace.
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. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ
30:11
Thatโ€™s all we have time for in
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์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ด์ง€
30:13
this programme, but remember you
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๋งŒ BBC Learning English์—์„œ
30:14
can find more useful vocabulary,
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๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜,
30:16
trending topics and help with your
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์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
30:18
language learning here at
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30:19
BBC Learning English.
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.
30:21
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
30:22
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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