BBC English Masterclass: Inversion 1: After Negative or Limiting Adverbs

183,248 views ใƒป 2016-12-19

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Under no circumstances should you stop watching this video! Only here will you get the full
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์‹œ์ฒญ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ! ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์™„์ „ํ•œ
00:04
inversion explanation. Are you ready? Let's invert!
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๋ฐ˜์ „ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฐ˜์ „ํ•˜์ž!
00:15
Inversion happens in English for emphasis, dramatic purpose or formality. In order to
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๋ฐ˜์ „์€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ, ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์  ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋„์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
00:21
invert, the normal sentence order of subject, verb and object is changed in some way. Let's
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์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
00:26
find out how. Go!
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค!
00:28
'Never had I met someone so interesting.'
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'์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์•ผ.'
00:32
Now English has a group of adverbs which limit the meaning of a verb or make it negative.
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์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
Examples are 'never', 'hardly', 'no', 'only'...and there are others. In order to change normal
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด '์ ˆ๋Œ€', '๊ฑฐ์˜', '์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค', '์˜ค์ง' ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ
00:42
sentence order, we move the negative adverbial to the beginning of the sentence and we invert
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
00:47
the auxiliary verb and subject. So:
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„์น˜์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ:
00:50
'I had never met someone so interesting.' becomes
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'์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
00:53
'Never had I met someone so interesting.'
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'์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์— ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
01:05
In cases where the tense does not use an auxiliary verb in the affirmative, such as the present
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
01:09
simple or the past simple, one must be added. So, for example:
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1๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
01:14
'I rarely go outside.' becomes
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:16
'Rarely do I go outside.' And
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'๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:18
'She seldom worked very hard.' becomes
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:21
'Seldom did she work very hard.'
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
However, there is another level to this. Some negative or limiting adverbials require you
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ • ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:37
to complete a whole clause before the inversion takes place. It's kind of a two stage process.
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์ „๋„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ „์ฒด ์ ˆ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ผ์ข…์˜ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
So, for example:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
01:45
'I didn't know what to do until I saw what had happened.'
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
01:49
becomes 'Not until I saw what had happened did I know
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'์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
01:53
what to do.'
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:03
In this case, 'Not until I saw what had happened' is the adverbial clause. The inversion takes
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”'์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์ „์€
02:09
place after this, in the main clause. And this is common with adverbs like 'Not' and
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์ด ํ›„์— ์ฃผ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ 'Not'๊ณผ 'Only'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
'Only' in the following combinations:
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02:25
'Hardly' works like this too, but in the case of hardly, the inversion happens within the
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'Hardly'๋„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, hard์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:30
adverbial clause. It is mostly used with the past perfect to signify that one action finished
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. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ง์ „์— ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:35
just before another started. And notice the use of the connecting time words 'than' and
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ œ์—์„œ 'than'๊ณผ 'when'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”
02:41
'when' in the examples. Are you ready?
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. ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:44
'Hardly had I got home than the dog started barking.'
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ง–๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค .'
02:46
'Hardly had he got into the bath when the phone rang.'
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'์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์š•์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
02:50
Isn't it typical? Finally, we can use the expression 'little did they know' to mean
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'little did they know'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
02:56
'wait for it' they didn't know. It's extremely dramatic and it's often found within books.
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๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ '๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทน์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ข…์ข… ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
It can be quite sinister! For example:
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๊ฝค ๋ถˆ๊ธธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์˜ˆ:
03:07
'Little did they know that he had stolen all of their money.'
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ›”์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
03:23
Did you get it? Of course you got it! Now, for more information please log on to our website
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค! ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ
03:27
at bbclearningenglish.com. I've been Dan, you've been fantastic and I'll see you next
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bbclearningenglish.com์— ๋กœ๊ทธ์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” Dan์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋˜ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:32
time, ok? Let's invert!
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, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋ฐ˜์ „ํ•˜์ž!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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