BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Health and Fitness' English mega-class! One hour of new vocabulary!

1,174,225 views

2021-01-23 ใƒป BBC Learning English


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BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Health and Fitness' English mega-class! One hour of new vocabulary!

1,174,225 views ใƒป 2021-01-23

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Hello, Iโ€™m Neil. And welcome to 6 Minute English,ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  6 Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
where we vigorously discuss a new topicย  and six related items of vocabulary.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ ์™€ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ† ๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
And hello, Iโ€™m Rob. Today weโ€™re discussingย  vigorous exercise โ€“ and whether adults takeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” Rob์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด
00:20
enough of it! Vigorous means usingย  a lot of energy to do something.
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์šด๋™์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! Vigorous๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
So how many steps do you do in a day, Rob?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฑธ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Rob?
00:28
How many steps? How should I know, Neil? โ€“ย  It would be pretty hard to count them all.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฑธ์Œ? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„, ๋‹? โ€“ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Oh, come on! You can trackย  steps on your phone! I do tenย ย 
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์˜ค ์–ด์„œ! ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 10,000๋ฒˆ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
thousand a day โ€“ which is the magic numberย  for keeping fit and healthy, apparently.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ˆซ์ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Not if you saunter, Neil, surely? Sauntering fromย ย 
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์–ด์Šฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜์ง€, ๋‹, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ?
00:45
the sofa to the fridge and backย  โ€“ Or from the house to the car.
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์†ŒํŒŒ์—์„œ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ โ€“ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋กœ ์–ด์Šฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ.
00:49
Well, I never saunter, Rob. Saunter meansย  to walk slowly. And youโ€™d have to make aย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋‚œ ์–ด์Šฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”, ๋กญ. Saunter๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ฑท๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  10,000๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
00:54
lot of trips to the fridge toย  clock up ten thousand steps.ย ย 
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:58
To get some vigorous exercise, you need to getย  out and about โ€“ round the park at a brisk paceโ€ฆ
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๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ณต์›์„ ๋Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:05
Brisk means quick and energetic โ€“ the opposite ofย  sauntering. OK, well, perhaps you can you tell me,ย ย 
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์–ด์Šฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ธ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Neil, how many people aged between 40 and 60 doย  less than ten minutes brisk walking every month?ย ย 
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๋‹, 40์„ธ์—์„œ 60์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งค๋‹ฌ 10๋ถ„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:20
Is itโ€ฆ a) 4%,ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ a) 4%,
01:23
b) 14% or c) 40%?
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b) 14% ๋˜๋Š” c) 40%์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:29
Iโ€™m going to sayโ€ฆ 4% because tenย  minutes is such a short amount of time!
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10 ๋ถ„์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 4%๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:35
Indeed. Now, Iโ€™ve got another question for you,ย  Neil. Why is exercise so important? Because itย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก . ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Neil. ์šด๋™์ด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:42
sounds pretty boring โ€“ counting steps,ย  going to the gym, running on a machine.
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๊ฝค ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑธ์Œ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ณ , ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Well, when you exercise, you stimulateย  the bodyโ€™s natural repair system.ย ย 
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์Œ, ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ๋ณต๊ตฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ž๊ทน๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:52
Your body will actually stayย  younger if you exercise!
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๋ชธ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋” ์ Š์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
01:55
That sounds good.
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๊ทธ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ.
01:56
Exercise also lowers yourย  risk of developing illnessesย ย 
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์šด๋™์€ ๋˜ํ•œ
02:00
such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘, ์•”, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Hmm. Iโ€™m getting a bit worried now,ย ย 
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ํ . ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ข€ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋˜๋„ค์š”,
02:06
Neil. But I donโ€™t have enough time to do aย  thousand steps every dayโ€ฆ Iโ€™m far too busy!
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๋‹. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์ผ ์ฒœ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์š” โ€ฆ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐ”๋น ์š”!
02:11
Well, Rob. Now might be a good time to listenย  to Julia Bradbury. Sheโ€™s a TV presenter andย ย 
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์Œ, ๋กญ. ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด Julia Bradbury์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ ๊ธฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” TV ์ง„ํ–‰์ž์ด์ž
02:17
outdoor walking enthusiast who will explainย  how she builds walking into her busy life.
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์•ผ์™ธ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์• ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐ”์œ ์ผ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
I will walk to meetings instead of catching aย  bus, or getting a taxi or a car โ€“ into meetings.ย ย 
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํƒ์‹œ๋‚˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
And I will also, if I canโ€™t build that into myย  working day, if itโ€™s a day when I havenโ€™t gotย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ผ์— ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:36
meetings and Iโ€™m maybe at home with the kids,ย  I will take the time โ€“ I will take my kids outย ย 
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ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ์ง‘์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ ์ด๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด โ€“ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
with the buggy and I will definitely do 30-40ย  minutes at least everyday. Going to the park,ย ย 
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๋ฒ„๊ธฐ์นด๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋งค์ผ 30-40๋ถ„์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณต์›์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ ,
02:46
going to the shops, picking up my thingsย  up en route, and really sort of buildingย ย 
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์ƒ์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ๋‚ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  , ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
02:50
it into my life. Taking the stairs and notย  taking lifts, all of these kinds of littleย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ด ์‚ถ์— ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„๋‹จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž‘์€
02:55
decisions can incrementally build up toย  create more walking time in your day.
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๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ ๊ฑท๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
So if you build something in to your day โ€“ orย  your life โ€“ you include it from the beginning.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ถ์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And Julia Bradbury has built walking into her day.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Julia Bradbury๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Even though sheโ€™s very busy too,ย  Rob! You should learn from her!
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๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์˜์ง€๋งŒ Rob! ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค!
03:16
So she walks instead of driving or taking the bus.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฑท๋Š”๋‹ค.
03:20
And takes the stairs instead ofย  the lift. I could do those things.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šน๊ฐ•๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ณ„๋‹จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๊ฑท๋Š” ์–‘์ด ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ“์ด๊ธฐ
03:25
You could indeed โ€“ before you know it,ย  youโ€™d be doing ten thousand steps โ€“ becauseย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋Š์ƒˆ 1๋งŒ ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:29
the amount of walking you doย  in a day builds incrementally.
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. ์ฆ๋ถ„์€
03:33
Incrementally means gradually increasing inย  size. OK, well, before I think that over, perhapsย ย 
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์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
03:40
I could tell you the answerย  to todayโ€™s quiz question?
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:44
OK. You asked me: How many people aged betweenย  40 and 60 do less than ten minutes brisk walkingย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 40~60์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งค๋‹ฌ 10๋ถ„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
03:49
every month? The options were: a) 4%,ย 
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? ์˜ต์…˜์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. a) 4%,
03:54
b) 14% or c) 40%?
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b) 14% ๋˜๋Š” c) 40%?
03:58
And you said 4%. But Iโ€™m afraid itโ€™s actuallyย  40%. And thatโ€™s according to the Government bodyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ 4 %๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 40%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€
04:06
Public Health England here in the UK. Oh dear, thatโ€™s a lot more people than I expected.ย ย 
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Public Health England์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ, ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
04:12
But it isnโ€™t that surprising โ€“ people in all ageย  groups are leading more sedentary lifestyles theseย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ขŒ์‹ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:18
days. Our job is very sedentary โ€“ which means itย  involves a lot of sitting and not much exercise!
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง์—…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์•‰์•„์„œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์šด๋™์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:24
Well, I might just run on the spot while we goย  over the new vocabulary weโ€™ve learned today!
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š” !
04:29
Good plan. First up we heard โ€˜vigorousโ€™ โ€“ whichย  means using a lot of energy to do something.
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์ข‹์€ ๊ณ„ํš. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” 'vigorous'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
OK. โ€œI am running vigorously on the spot!โ€
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์ข‹์•„์š”. โ€œ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํž˜์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”!โ€
04:41
Great example! And good to see you taking someย  vigorous exercise! Number two โ€“ โ€˜saunterโ€™ โ€“ meansย ย 
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ! ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ 'saunter'๋Š”
04:48
to walk slowly in a relaxed way. โ€œWhen Iย  saw Rob, I sauntered over to say hello.โ€
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ ๋กญ์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด์Šฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.โ€
04:54
Hi Neil. Number three โ€“ โ€˜briskโ€™ย  means quick and energetic.
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์•ˆ๋…• ๋‹. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ โ€“ '๋น ๋ฅธ'์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
โ€œItโ€™s important to take someย  brisk exercise every day.โ€
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" ๋งค์ผ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:03
Yes! And Iโ€™m beginning toย  realise that might be true.
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์˜ˆ! ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
Yep! I think you've doneย  enough jogging for today, Rob.ย ย 
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๋„ค! ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์กฐ๊น…์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”, Rob.
05:10
Youโ€™ve probably done about a hundred steps. Is that all?ย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ 100๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ •๋„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ?
05:14
OK, number four โ€“ if you โ€˜build something in toย  somethingโ€™ โ€“ you include it from the beginning.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ โ€“ '๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 'ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
โ€œItโ€™s important to build regularย  exercise into your daily routine.โ€
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"๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์šด๋™์„ ์ผ์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:23
Very good advice. Number five is โ€˜incrementallyโ€™ย  which means gradually increasing in size.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์กฐ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” '์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ' ์ฆ‰ ์ ์ฐจ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Incremental is the adjective.ย  โ€œThe company has been makingย ย 
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์ฆ๋ถ„์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
05:33
incremental changes to its pay structure.โ€
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๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:36
Does that mean weโ€™re getting a pay rise?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:38
I doubt it! And finally, number six โ€“ย  โ€˜sedentaryโ€™ means sitting a lot and notย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค! ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, '์ขŒ์‹'์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:43
taking much exercise. For example, โ€œItโ€™s bad forย  your health to lead such a sedentary lifestyle.โ€
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์šด๋™์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, " ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•‰์•„์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:49
Duly noted, Neil! Well, itโ€™s time to go now.ย  But if todayโ€™s show has inspired you to stepย ย 
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์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰, ๋‹! ์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ฐˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์‡ผ๊ฐ€
05:54
out and take more exercise, pleaseย  let us know by visiting our Twitter,ย ย 
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๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ,
05:59
Facebook and YouTube pagesย  and telling us about it!
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Facebook ๋ฐ YouTube ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”!
06:02
Goodbye!
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์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”!
06:03
Bye bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
06:09
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Rob.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
With the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic,ย  people in many countries around the world haveย ย 
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
06:20
started wearing face masks to protect bothย  themselves and others they come into contact with.ย ย 
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๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:27
In this programme weโ€™ll be askingย  whether wearing masks in publicย ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค
06:30
can help prevent the spread ofย  coronavirus in the community.
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์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:34
Face masks have long been popular in some Asianย  countries but with the spread of Covid- 19,ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์—ˆ ์ง€๋งŒ Covid-19์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ
06:40
theyโ€™re increasingly being seenย  in other parts of the world too.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
Wearing a protective mask or face covering isย  nothing new. Medical masks have a long historyย ย 
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๋ณดํ˜ธ์šฉ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋‚˜ ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋Š”
06:50
from the plagues of medieval Europe to nineteenthย  century outbreaks of cholera in the United States,ย ย 
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์ค‘์„ธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 19 ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
06:56
but when did they start to be commonlyย  used? Thatโ€™s my quiz question for today:ย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
when and where were face masksย  first widely used? Was it:
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์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:06
a) 1855 in Vienna,
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a) 1855๋…„ ๋น„์—”๋‚˜,
07:09
b) 1905 in Chicago, or
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b) 1905๋…„ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ,
07:11
c) 1955 in London.
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c) 1955๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
07:15
Well, you mentioned cholera outbreaks inย  the US, so Iโ€™ll say b) 1905 in Chicago.
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์—์„œ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ b) 1905๋…„ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Right Sam, weโ€™ll find out later if you were right.ย ย 
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Sam์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Now, face masks may inspire confidence but what isย  the evidence that they actually protect the wearerย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
07:32
from contracting the virus or prevent infectedย  people from spreading the virus to others?
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:38
Professor Robert West has conducted a review ofย  over twenty studies looking into the evidence.ย ย 
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Robert West ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” 20๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Here he is speaking to the BBC Worldย  Service programme Health Checkโ€ฆ
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Health Check์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ
07:49
The evidence is equivocal on it. It doesnโ€™t tellย  you anything yet - hopefully that will change.ย ย 
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
So weโ€™re thrown back on first principles and thisย  is why, as in so many areas of public health,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
08:02
you get such a heated debate because peopleย  are really relying on their opinion on thingsย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ด๋ค ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
and you will have one group whoย  say, 'Well, it stands to reason',-ย ย 
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, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์น˜์— ๋งž์„ ๋‹ค',-
08:11
the good old โ€˜stands to reasonโ€™ argumentย  โ€“ which is: obviously, if youโ€™ve got aย ย 
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ '์ด์„ฑ์— ๋งž์„ ๋‹ค' ์ฃผ์žฅ โ€“ ์ฆ‰, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ 
08:15
covering in front of your face, and youโ€™reย  speaking or coughing into that covering,ย ย 
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์ด ์–ผ๊ตด ์•ž์— ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ์— ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์นจ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:21
itโ€™s going to trap quite a lot of theย  virus on the droplets youโ€™ll be emitting.
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๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•  ๋ฌผ๋ฐฉ์šธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:26
So far the evidence over whether face masks areย  helpful or harmful is equivocal โ€“ difficult toย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
interpret because it seems to have two opposite orย  contradictory meanings. Based on current evidence,ย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
08:40
Professor West feels we cannot sayย  whether mask-wearing is beneficial.
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West ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์ด ์œ ์ตํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:44
Some evidence suggests thatย  wearing masks can preventย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
08:48
the disease spreading andย  some suggests the opposite.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
There may be reasons why wearing masks couldย  actually increase the spread of coronavirus.
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
However, for some people, it standsย  to reason that masks are beneficialโ€“ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ตํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:03
meaning it is obviously true from the facts.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
Actually, the evidence is far from obvious.ย  But everyone has an opinion on the issueย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
09:12
and after weeks of stressful lockdown, thisย  can lead to heated debate โ€“ discussion orย ย 
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ด‰์‡„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์—ด๋ค ํ† ๋ก ,
09:17
argument in which people become angry and excited.
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์ฆ‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ๋ก  ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Up until recently, the World Health Organisationย  said there were two groups who definitelyย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
09:26
should wear masks: people showingย  symptoms of the virus and their carers.
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
But that left the problem of peopleย  who have the virus without knowing itย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
09:35
and maybe unintentionally emitting itย  โ€“ sending something out into the air,ย ย 
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09:39
for example a noise or smell, or in this case,ย  coronavirus. In June the WHO advice changed โ€“ nowย ย 
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์†Œ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6์›”์— WHO ์กฐ์–ธ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
09:46
they say masks should be worn in public whereย  social distancing measures are not possible.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‘๊ธฐ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:52
But the advantages of wearing masks mightย  be outweighed by other considerations,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์˜ ์ด์ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
as Professor West explainsโ€ฆ
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West ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด...
10:01
It could also have unfortunate negativeย  consequencesin terms of mask shaming โ€“ thatย ย 
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
10:08
people feel compelled to wear masks in situationsย  where itโ€™s actually not helpful and may be harmfulย ย 
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10:13
because itโ€™s expected of themย  and they feel that they would beย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€
10:17
judged if they didnโ€™t. Butย  I think in addition to that,ย ย 
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์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ฌํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„
10:21
one of the problems we have is that masks canย  potentially create a false sense of security.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
One negative effect is the practice of maskย  shaming โ€“ criticising or humiliating someoneย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์š•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:34
for not wearing a face covering.
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.
10:36
Another problem is that wearing masks mightย  create a false sense of security โ€“ a feelingย ย 
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:43
of being safer than you really are.ย  Is that what happened in 1905 Rob?
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ 1905๋…„ ๋กญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
10:49
Ah yes, todayโ€™s quiz question. I asked youย  when face masks were first widely used?
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์•„, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
And I said, b) 1905 in Chicago.
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b) 1905๋…„ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์—์„œ.
10:58
Well done Sam, you were absolutely right! Itย  was 1905 in Chicago when Dr Alice Hamiltonย ย 
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด ์ƒ˜, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •๋ง ์˜ณ์•˜์–ด! 1905๋…„ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์—์„œ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
11:05
first noticed that carers wearing masks toย  treat scarlet fever patients, did not get sick.
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์„ฑํ™์—ด ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์“ด ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
Interesting. Today weโ€™ve been discussingย  whether wearing masks helps preventย ย 
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
11:17
infected people emitting โ€“ย  or sending out, coronavirus.
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
So far the evidence is equivocal โ€“ย  unclear because it seems contradictory.ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
In other words, we canโ€™tย  say either way for certain.
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์ฆ‰, ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
But for some, it stands to reason - meaning itโ€™sย  obviously true - that mask-wearing is a good idea.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
This disagreement over wearing face coveringsย ย 
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์•ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋Š”
11:41
has started heated debate โ€“ thatโ€™sย  discussion which becomes angry or excited.
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์—ด๋ค ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
And this in turn has led to incidents ofย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
11:50
mask shaming โ€“ criticising or mockingย  people for not wearing a face mask.
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๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:56
A final drawback is that masksย  might give the wearer a falseย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ์ ์€ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ
12:00
sense of security โ€“ thatโ€™s beliefย  that they are safe when they are not.
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๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
Thatโ€™s all weโ€™ve got time for today.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
Bye for now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
12:08
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
12:15
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6 Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” Neil์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
And I'm Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
And in this programme we're lookingย  at the word objectification.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
Objectification is when weย  reduce people to objects.
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๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
An example of this is advertising and the mediaย  and in particular the way women have been shown.ย ย 
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด, ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๊ณ , ์˜ํ™”, TV์—์„œ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜
12:32
Impossibly attractive and implausiblyย  perfect models in adverts and in moviesย ย 
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์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
12:37
and on TV you are much more likely toย  see naked or half-naked women than men.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋‚˜์ฒด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
Objectification can lead to issues inย  societysuch as inequality and discrimination.ย ย 
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๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
Objectification of women is a problem butย  what about the objectification of men?
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒํ™”๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒํ™”๋Š”?
12:53
Before we hear more, it's time for a question.ย ย 
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๋” ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
Today's question is: on British TV in which decadeย  was a completely naked man first seen? Was itโ€ฆ
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜๊ตญ TV์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฒŒ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ—์€ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณธ 10๋…„์€?
13:03
a) the 1940s
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a) 1940๋…„๋Œ€
13:04
b) the 1950s
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b) 1950๋…„๋Œ€
13:06
c) the 1960s
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c) 1960๋…„๋Œ€
13:08
What do you think Sam?
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13:08
I'm going for the 60s.
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Sam์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
60๋…„๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
I'll give the answer later in the programme. Nowย  Sam, do you know the TV programme Love Island?
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ Sam, TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ Love Island๋ฅผ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
13:16
Yes, it's a kind of a dating show and allย  the contestants - men and women - spend aย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ์‡ผ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž(๋‚จ๋…€)๋Š”
13:23
lot of time in their swimming costumesย  and they've all got perfect bodies.
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์ˆ˜์˜๋ณต์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ชธ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
Yes, that's right. It's a programmeย  that seems equally to objectifyย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
men and women equally. But is that a bad thing?ย  Dr Peter Lucas is Senior Lecturer in Philosophyย ย 
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? Peter Lucas ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”
13:37
at the University of Central Lancashire. He spokeย  on this topic on the BBC's Woman's Hour programme.ย ย 
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University of Central Lancashire์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™ ์„ ์ž„ ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC์˜ ์šฐ๋จผ์Šค ์•„์›Œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ์„คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
What does he suggest might be the advantageย  of featuring men with 'perfect' bodies?
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๊ทธ๋Š” '์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ' ๋ชธ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด Love Island์™€
13:49
If you look at the impact of TV series likeย  Love Island for instance, the producersย ย 
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๊ฐ™์€ TV ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
13:54
of that programme present that as, have describedย  that as being aspirational for their audience.ย ย 
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ํ•ด๋‹น ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
It's presenting role models, its presentingย  models that people are supposed to aspire to.ย ย 
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๋กค๋ชจ๋ธ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ด๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
Now many women, thinking about the male bodiesย  that are on display there might think well, if itย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”
14:07
means that more men get off to the gym, look afterย  themselves physically, surely that's a good thing.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์œก์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋Œ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
So what might be an advantage of theseย  highly fit athletic bodies on show?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‡ผ์—์„œ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์šด๋™ ์„ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์žฅ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
14:17
Dr Lucas suggests that seeing those bodiesย  might encourage men to go to the gymย ย 
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๋ฃจ์นด์Šค ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชธ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
14:23
and work hard to improve their fitnessย  and health and that could be a good thing.
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์ฒด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
Yes, the people in the programmeย  are described as role models.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ญํ•  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
A role model is someone whose behaviour isย  seen as a good example for others to copy.
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์—ญํ•  ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
I'm not sure the behaviour of the people in Loveย  Island makes them good role models, but perhapsย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ข‹์€ ๋กค๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„
14:43
from the point of view of their physical fitnessย  they give us something to aspire to. If you aspireย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋งํ•  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
14:48
to something, it's something you can aim for,ย  something you want to achieve. Dr Lucas alsoย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์—ด๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Lucas ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
14:55
used a related word, aspirational. The TV seriesย  Love Island was described as being aspirational.ย ย 
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์—ด๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TV ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ Love Island๋Š” ์•ผ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
It shows a lifestyle that people would likeย  to have, something they might aim to achieve.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ดํ”„์Šคํƒ€์ผ , ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ดํ”„์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
But there are also dangers to encouragingย  people to get to the gym. Here's Dr Lucas again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ๊ถŒ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฃจ์นด์Šค ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
But also it's likely to generate higherย  levels of narcissism, self-consciousness,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฅด์‹œ์‹œ์ฆ˜, ์ž์˜์‹,
15:22
becoming obsessive about your appearance.ย  It's not particularly an attractive featureย ย 
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์™ธ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•๊ด€๋…์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํŠนํžˆ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
15:25
either in men or in women and I suspect that'sย  impacting on men's behaviour in a way whichย ย 
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15:30
is detrimental in the same sort of way that'sย  been detrimental for women really, for decades.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋กœ์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
He talks about behaviour that is detrimental,ย  this means behaviour that has a negative impact.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
What behaviours does he say are detrimental?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์ด ํ•ด๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:44
If people become obsessed by theirย  appearance it could lead to narcissism.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋ฅด์‹œ์‹œ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
This is a condition where you spend so muchย  time focussing on yourself, your own looks,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‹ , ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ,
15:55
your own body that you stopย  caring about anyone else.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ์• ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
And because it's very veryย  hard to get that kind of bodyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชธ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:01
it can also lead to peopleย  being very self-conscious.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
They might become embarrassed about their bodiesย  and lose confidence in themselves as a result.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
Right. It's almost time to review this week'sย  vocabulary, but before that let's have theย ย 
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์—
16:15
answer to the quiz. In what decade was theย  first naked man seen on British TV? Was itโ€ฆ
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ TV์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฒŒ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ—์€ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช‡ 10๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ...
16:21
a) the 1940s
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a) 1940๋…„๋Œ€
16:23
b) the 1950s
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b) 1950๋…„๋Œ€
16:24
c) the 1960s
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c) 1960๋…„๋Œ€
16:26
What did you say, Sam?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด, ์ƒ˜?
16:27
I said c) the 60s.
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๋‚˜๋Š” c) 60๋…„๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
I'm afraid the revolution had come earlierย  than that. The correct answer is the 1950s.ย ย 
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ํ˜๋ช…์ด ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋‹ต์€ 1950๋…„๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
It was a 1957 documentary called Out of Step,ย  part of which was filmed at a nudist colony.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ Out of Step์ด๋ผ๋Š” 1957๋…„ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‚˜์ฒด์ฃผ์˜ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€์—์„œ ์ดฌ์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
Now, time for our vocabulary.
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์ด์ œ ์–ดํœ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
Our first word was objectification. Thisย  is the noun for when we reduce a humanย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ™˜์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:50
being to an object. We don't think of them as aย  real person anymore. The verb is to objectify.
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‹ค์กด ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
Someone whose behaviour is a good exampleย  that others want to copy is a role model.
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ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณธ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋กค๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
When it comes to presenting 6 Minuteย  English, you are my role model, Neil.
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6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ๋•Œ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ œ ๋กค๋ชจ๋ธ ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
You're too kind, and I aspire toย  your level of professionalism, Sam.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์นœ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Sam, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์—ด๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
To aspire to - to aim to be, to hope to achieve.
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to aspire to ~์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค.
17:13
That is related to the next word, aspirational.ย  This adjective is used to describe the desire toย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ์—ด๋ง๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:20
improve parts of you life - for example,ย  getting a better job or a better body.ย ย 
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(์˜ˆ: ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์–ป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ชธ์„ ์–ป์Œ).
17:25
Aspirational TV programmes or adverts showย  lifestyles that people might want to be theirs.
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์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ดํ”„์Šคํƒ€์ผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
Our next word is an adjective forย  something that is bad for you,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ,
17:34
something that has a negativeย  effect. The adjective is detrimental.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๋กญ๋‹ค.
17:39
We heard that aspiring to the perfect body can beย  detrimental because it might lead to narcissism.ย ย 
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ชธ๋งค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด๋ง์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅด์‹œ์‹œ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
Narcissism is the term for someoneย  who is so obsessed with their own bodyย ย 
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๋‚˜๋ฅด์‹œ์‹œ์ฆ˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ
17:49
and life that they don't care about anyone else.
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๊ณผ ์‚ถ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
Achieving that perfect body is incredibly hard andย ย 
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ชธ๋งค๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:54
impossible for most real people andย  not achieving it can make people overlyย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ
17:59
self-conscious - which in this situation meansย  that they can lose confidence in themselves.
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์ž์‹์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
That's all we have time for today. Do joinย  us next time and remember you can find us onย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
18:09
the website bbclearningenglish.com. Bye bye.
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. ์•ˆ๋…•.
18:12
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
18:19
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Englishโ€“ theย  show that brings you an interesting topic,ย ย 
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6 Minute English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ,
18:24
authentic listening practice and vocabulary toย  help you improve your language skills. I'm Robโ€ฆ
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฐ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋กญ...
18:29
And I'm Catherine. In this programme we'll beย  discussing quitting drinking and staying dry.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์ฃผ์™€ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ ์œ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:35
Right, so when you say โ€˜quittingโ€™, you meanย  โ€˜giving upโ€™ โ€“ and when you say โ€˜drinkingโ€™,ย ย 
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๋งž์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด 'ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  '์Œ์ฃผ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
18:40
you're particularly referring toย  โ€˜the activity of drinking alcoholโ€™.
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ํŠนํžˆ '์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„'๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
Exactly Rob.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋กญ.
18:45
But, what about staying dry? It'sย  nothing to do with the weather?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์กฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚ ์”จ์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†๋‚˜์š”?
18:48
No that's true. The adjectiveย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
โ€˜dryโ€™ here means โ€˜no alcoholโ€™. And I,ย  Rob, am currently having a dry January.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ '๋“œ๋ผ์ด'๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” '์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์—†์Œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜ Rob์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ 1์›”์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
Ah yes, your New Year's resolution is toย  give up alcohol for one month. Any reason?
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๋„ค, ์ƒˆํ•ด ๋‹ค์ง์€ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ?
19:03
Yes. I'm doing it in order to improve myย  health and save some money. And a resolution,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์˜์•ˆ์€
19:09
by the way, is a promise to yourselfย  to do something or not to do something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ์˜ ์•ฝ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
Well, they seem like good reasons. And forย  now, we must keep up our resolution to alwaysย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ด์œ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์ง์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
19:19
start the programme with a question,ย  so are you ready for it, Catherine?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”, Catherine?
19:22
I am, crack on, Rob!
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๋‚˜๋Š”, ์–ด์„œ, Rob!
19:24
According to data from the Worldย  Health Organisation in 2015,ย ย 
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2015๋…„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 1์ธ๋‹น
19:28
which country consumed the mostย  alcohol per person? Was itโ€ฆ
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋””์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์˜€๋‚˜์š”...
19:32
a) Australia
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a) ํ˜ธ์ฃผ
19:34
b) Finland
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b) ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ
19:35
c) The Czech Republic
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c) ์ฒด์ฝ”
19:37
Well they all sound quite likely, but I didย  visit Prague once and I had a lovely time,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฝค ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ”„๋ผํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
so I'm going to say c) the Czech Republic.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” c) ์ฒด์ฝ”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
OK, well as always, we'llย  find out the answer later on.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:50
But let's continue our discussionย  about drinking โ€“ or informally knownย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Œ์ฃผ(๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
19:53
as boozing โ€“ and trying to give it up.ย  We all know that too much drinking canย ย 
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์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง)์™€ ๋Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์Œ์ฃผ๊ฐ€
19:58
be bad for us and that's why you Catherine,ย  have decided to quit โ€“ but only for a month.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Catherine์ด ๊ธˆ์—ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
Yes, just a month but it's a start and I mightย  continue into February. But I'm seeing theย ย 
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๋„ค, ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋‹ˆ 2์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
20:08
benefits already. I've managed to shed some weightย  โ€“ most of which I actually put on over Christmas!
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์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ด์ด ์ข€ ๋น ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ช˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
20:14
I can see. So to shed here simplyย  means 'lose'. And I bet your sobrietyย ย 
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ shed๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ '์žƒ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ˆ์ฃผ๊ฐ€
20:19
is helping you sleep better. Sobriety, by theย  way, means โ€˜the state of not being drunkโ€™.
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์ˆ™๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฃผ๋Š” '์ˆ ์— ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:24
It is actually. And I'm not alone: A studyย  of 857 British adults by Dr Richard de Visserย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Sussex ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ Richard de Visser ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ ์„ฑ์ธ 857๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—
20:31
from the University of Sussex found thatย  after going for a month without alcohol,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š์€ ํ›„
20:36
62% of the people in the studyย  said they had better sleep. So Rob,ย ย 
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ 62%๊ฐ€ ์ž ์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์žค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Rob,
20:43
does that tempt you to becomeย  teetotal and stop drinking?
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์œ ํ˜น์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋‚˜์š”?
20:47
Not me Catherine. I need a drink to help me relaxย  and be more sociable โ€“ you know how shy I am!
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ. ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ’€๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ต์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด์ง€ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ !
20:53
Yes of course Rob! Well, maybe you should listenย  to Catherine Gray. She's the author of a bookย ย 
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๋„ค ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ  ๋กญ! ์Œ, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆ ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ จ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์“ด
20:59
called The Unexpected Joy of Being Sober, whichย  she wrote after she discovered the negativeย ย 
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The Unexpected Joy of Being Sober๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์˜ ์ €์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:06
effects of going to too many work-relatedย  parties where she was just drinking too much.ย ย 
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.
21:12
Here she is speaking on BBCย  Radio 4's Woman's Hour programmeโ€ฆ
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ ์šฐ๋จผ์Šค ์•„์›Œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ฆ
21:17
I had a lot of social anxiety and when Iย  quit I had to deal with that. I think Iย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
21:22
used drinking as a crutch, a confidenceย  crutch - it eased the way to go to bigย ย 
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์ˆ ์„ ๋ชฉ๋ฐœ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ๋ชฉ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋Š์—ˆ์„
21:26
glittering parties and stuff like that and whenย  I quit I had to learn real confidence in a way.
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๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
So Catherine worked in the magazineย  business which involved going toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์€ ์ˆ  ์ทจํ•œ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์žก์ง€ ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:37
lots of boozy parties. Drinking, she says,ย  helped herdeal with a nervous and worriedย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Œ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:43
feeling that she had when she met newย  people - she called it social anxiety.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:47
Yes, and she used drinkingย  as a crutch. A crutch hereย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆ ์„ ๋ชฉ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ชฉ๋ฐœ์€
21:51
is something you depend on for supportย  โ€“ and sometimes you rely on it too much.
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์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
Yes and eventually she decided toย  abstain from drinking โ€“ in other words,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
22:00
stop doing something that is enjoyable but badย  for you โ€“ and she feels much better for it. Soย ย 
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์ฆ๊ฒ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชธ์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž, ๋กญ
22:06
come on Rob, haven't you got the willpowerย  to just quit drinking for just 30 days?
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, ๋‹จ 30์ผ๋งŒ ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š์„ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
22:10
Well according to Catherine Gray,ย  that wouldn't be long enoughโ€ฆ
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, Catherine Gray์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ธธ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
22:14
Experts say that it takes 66 days for aย  new habit to bed in, so I would alwaysย ย 
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์Šต๊ด€์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๋Š” ๋ฐ 66์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
22:19
recommend trying it for 90 days. 30 days isย  the hard bit before you get to the rewards.ย ย 
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90์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 30์ผ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:24
Because after 66 days it starts getting a lotย  easier and you start feeling better in yourself.
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66์ผ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:30
Right, so it takes 66 days for doing aย  regular activity - a habit - to bed in. Andย ย 
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๋งž์•„์š”, ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™-์Šต๊ด€-์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 66์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:37
โ€˜bed inโ€™ means to โ€˜become normalย  and start working properlyโ€™.
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.
22:41
Now, earlier I asked you, according to dataย  from the World Health Organisation in 2015,ย ย 
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2015๋…„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 1์ธ๋‹น
22:47
which country consumed the mostย  alcohol per person? Was itโ€ฆ
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋””์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€...
22:52
a) Australia
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a) ํ˜ธ์ฃผ
22:54
b) Finland
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b) ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ
22:55
c) The Czech Republic
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c) ์ฒด์ฝ”
22:56
And I said the Czech Republic. Was I right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ฝ”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•˜์–ด?
22:59
You were Catherine. Spotย  on, well done. Apparently,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ž˜ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ,
23:03
14.1 litres of pure alcohol isย  consumed per person each year.
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14.1๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์ด ๋งค๋…„ 1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋น„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:08
Well like I said, they do make good beer in theย  Czech Republic โ€“ but people, be careful, onlyย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒด์ฝ” ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:13
drink it in moderation. Now Rob, shall we takeย  a look at the vocabulary we've mentioned today?
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์ ๋‹นํžˆ๋งŒ ๋งˆ์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ Rob, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
23:19
Indeed. The first word we had was resolutionย  โ€“ that's a promise to yourself to do or not doย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ์˜ ์•ฝ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:25
something. 'Catherine's New Year's resolution wasย  to give up drinking alcohol for a whole month.'
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. 'Catherine์˜ ์ƒˆํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์€ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
23:31
Yes, and I'm still doing it Rob โ€“ theย  plan is to shed a few kilos and get fit.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Rob โ€“ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋ช‡ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:36
So for example, 'Rob shed lots of weightย  when he went on a cake-free diet!'
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 'Rob์€ ์ผ€์ดํฌ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ด์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ช˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!'
23:41
Really? I'd never give up cake Catherine, butย  I could be tempted to give up booze as I knowย ย 
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์ •๋ง? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ ์„ ๋Š๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์œ ํ˜น์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:46
sobriety is good for my health โ€“ that's the nounย  word to mean โ€˜the state of not being drunkโ€™.
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23:52
Now our next word was abstain. That meansย  โ€˜not do something that is enjoyable but badย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, '์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ'๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:58
for youโ€™. 'Rob needs to abstain from eatingย  cakes if he wants to wear his skinny jeans.'
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. '๋กญ์ด ์Šคํ‚ค๋‹ˆ์ง„์„ ์ž…์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ผ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
24:05
Are you dropping a hint there,ย  Catherine? Now, our final wordย ย 
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ? ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
24:09
is actually two words โ€“ bed in. It means โ€˜toย  become normal and start working properlyโ€™.ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Bed in. ' ์ •์ƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:14
'It took a while for the new computer systemย  to bed in but now it's working perfectly.'
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'์ƒˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ง€ ๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
24:19
That's brilliant because now weย  can go online and find more BBCย ย 
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์ด์ œ bbclearningenglish.com์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ BBC
24:22
Learning English programmesย  at bbclearningenglish.com.ย ย 
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์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
24:26
That's all for today's 6 Minute English.ย  We hope you enjoyed it. Bye for now.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
24:30
Bye.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
24:37
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.ย  I'm Neil and joining me for this is Dan.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” Neil์ด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ Dan์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:41
Hello.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:42
And can I say Dan, you're looking veryย  slim โ€“ it looks like your diet is working!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Dan, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
24:47
This is my normal figure โ€“ and I have not been onย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฒดํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:50
a diet. But it looks like you'veย  actually put on a bit of weight.
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์‚ด์ด ์ฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
Well I may have a little paunch โ€“ or a fat stomachย  โ€“ but didn't you know that it's out of my control?ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ†ตํ†ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
24:59
Some of this has to do with my genes โ€“ย  not the ones I wear โ€“ but the cells inย ย 
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์ด ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ด ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
25:04
my body that control my development. That'sย  what we'll be discussing in this programme.
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๋‚ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” โ€‹โ€‹๋‚ด ๋ชธ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:08
However our audience might describe themselvesย  โ€“ tubby and overweight or thin and skinny,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฒญ์ค‘์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:14
which means very thin โ€“ they're more thanย  welcome to join us on this voyage of discovery.ย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:19
So let's start with answering a question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:21
What's the name of the popular diet that involvesย  avoiding eating carbohydrates and in which you canย ย 
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ํƒ„์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ์„ญ์ทจ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ 
25:27
eat as much fat and protein as you like? Is itโ€ฆ a) the Mediterranean diet,ย 
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์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ธ ์‹๋‹จ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... a) ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ์‹๋‹จ,
25:32
b) the Atkins diet, or c) the Graham diet?
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b) ์•ณํ‚จ์Šค ์‹๋‹จ, ๋˜๋Š” c) ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์—„ ์‹๋‹จ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
25:35
I've heard of the Atkins diet, so I'll say b).
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์•ณํ‚จ์Šค ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๋ดค์œผ๋‹ˆ b)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:39
Well, youโ€™ll have to wait a bit to findย  out. But Dan, you may have also heard ofย ย 
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ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Dan, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ดค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:44
a crash diet โ€“ that's where someone makes aย  rapid change to the types of food they eatย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๋จน๋Š” ์Œ์‹์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:49
with the aim of losing weight quickly.
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.
25:52
Yes, I know that eating this way can be riskyย  for your health and they don't always work.
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์˜ˆ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:56
That's true and now scientists haveย  some evidence that shows that our weightย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด์ œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
26:00
is not just controlled by what we eat. So itย  might be quite natural for someone to be thinย ย 
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๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋šฑ๋šฑํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:05
or fat - it's all to do with theirย  genes. Research published in the journalย ย 
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. PLOS Genetics ์ €๋„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
26:09
PLOS Genetics, explains how twin studiesย  have shown that about 40% of the variationย ย 
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์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์•ฝ 40%๊ฐ€
26:16
in a personโ€™s weight is affectedย  by their genes. And also, why thin,ย ย 
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์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ ์”ฌ
26:20
but healthy people have genetic advantagesย  in terms of maintaining a healthy weight.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์ ์ธ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:25
So that means that losing weight isn't just aboutย  having willpower โ€“ that's controlling your ownย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์˜์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
26:31
behaviour to achieve something โ€“ it's actuallyย  about something that's out of our control?
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
26:36
Yes, possibly. Let's hear from the study's author,ย  Sadaf Farooqi, who is Professor of Metabolism andย ย 
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์˜ˆ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:42
Medicine at the University of Cambridge, andย  has been a pioneer in the genetics of obesityย ย 
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์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ด์ž
26:47
for more than twenty years. Obesity, of course, isย  where someone is very overweight, in a way that isย ย 
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20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋น„๋งŒ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž์ธ Sadaf Farooqi์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ €์ž์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋น„๋งŒ ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:52
dangerous for their health. Here she is speakingย  on the BBC World Service programme, Health Check.ย ย 
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Health Check์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:58
What does she say might be one of the benefitsย  of this research for people who are overweight?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
27:04
It actually can be very helpful in trying toย  get them to come to terms with some of theย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„
27:08
difficulties they may be having but alsoย  help them engage with help and supportย ย 
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์›€๊ณผ ์ง€์›์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:12
to try and encourage weight lossโ€ฆ I hope oneย  of the main outcomes of this work might be,ย ย 
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. ์ด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:16
to a little bit, to start to get people thinkingย  about that. Because people are very judgementalย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ 
27:21
and tend to think, look if I can stay thin andย  control my weight why can't you? And what Iย ย 
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์”ฌํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€
27:25
would say to that is, well the data now shows thatย  you're probably quite lucky in terms of the genesย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์›”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฝค ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:29
that you have rather than just being eitherย  morally superior or having better willpower.
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27:35
Some interesting thoughts there. For peopleย  who are overweight, this research can helpย ย 
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒช์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:39
them come to terms with the struggle they mayย  be having to lose weight. When you come toย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
27:44
terms with something, you start to accept theย  difficult or unpleasant situation you are in.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋™์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:49
So I suppose she means accepting thatย  if you're trying to shed a few poundsย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ช‡ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
27:53
unsuccessfully, it's not all your fault. And itย  may stop people being so judgemental โ€“ that'sย ย 
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์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
28:00
so quick to criticise peopleย  based on their own beliefs.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:03
A slim person might say, "Well,ย  I ate less and lost weight, soย ย 
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๋‚ ์”ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋œ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด์ด ์ช˜๋Š”๋ฐ
28:07
why can't you?" โ€“ and now we knowย  things aren't quite that simple.ย ย 
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์™œ ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ˆ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€“ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:11
You are just lucky to have the right genesย  but it doesn't make you 'morally superior'.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์šด์ด ์ข‹์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€ ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ '๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์›”'ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:16
So it's not just about having willpower.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์˜์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:18
This research is much more detailed ofย  course than we have time to explain hereย ย 
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ƒ์„ธ
28:23
but for someone who is overweight,ย  will they feel defeated?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŒจ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚„๊นŒ์š”?
28:26
Absolutely not, according to Professor Farooqi.ย  For people who are obese, this research isย ย 
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Farooqi ๊ต์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
28:31
helpful. Not only should it give them hope, itย  could lead to the develop medicines to help them.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ค„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋„์šธ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:37
But as genes only play aย  part in our size and weight,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ฒด์ค‘์—๋งŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
28:41
we should all eat a healthy diet and do someย  exercise. And there is always new researchย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹๋‹จ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์šด๋™์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
28:45
about the best things to doย  and the right things to eat.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ๊ณผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์Œ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:48
Recently, research published in theย  British Journal of Sports Medicine,ย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์˜๊ตญ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ์˜ํ•™ ์ €๋„(British Journal of Sports Medicine)์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—
28:51
said that bursts of high intensity intervalย  training may be more effective for weight lossย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฒŒ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋œ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
28:57
than longer less intense workouts. A burstย  is a sudden and short increase in something.
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. ๋ฒ„์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์งง์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:03
Even if diets don't help you loseย  weight โ€“ eating the balanced dietย ย 
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๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ค‘ ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžŒ ์‹๋‹จ์„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉด
29:07
can certainly keep you healthy and make youย  feel good. And as I'm talking about diets,ย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด์ „์—
29:11
why don't I answer the question I askedย  you earlier? What's the name of theย ย 
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๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ํƒ„์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ
29:16
popular diet in which you should avoid eatingย  carbohydrates but you can have as much fat andย ย 
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์„ญ์ทจ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋‹จ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
29:21
protein as you want? Is itโ€ฆ a) the Mediterranean diet,ย 
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? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... a) ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ์‹๋‹จ,
29:24
b) the Atkins diet, or c) the Graham diet?
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b) ์•ณํ‚จ์Šค ์‹๋‹จ, ๋˜๋Š” c) ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์—„ ์‹๋‹จ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
29:28
I said the Atkins diet.
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๋‚˜๋Š” Atkins ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
29:29
And that is correct, well done. This well-knownย  low-carb diet was developed by the Americanย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ €ํƒ„์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ์‹๋‹จ์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€
29:36
physician and cardiologist Robert Atkins inย  the 1960s. Others low-card diets are available!
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์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์‚ฌ์ด์ž ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์ธ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์•ณํ‚จ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋กœ์šฐ์นด๋“œ ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ!
29:43
Neil, I think it's time we reminded ourselvesย  of some of the vocabulary we've discussed today.
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Neil, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:47
Good idea. Let's talk about paunch โ€“ another nameย ย 
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์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ.
29:51
for a fat stomach that menย  like me โ€“ and you โ€“ have.
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๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚จ์ž์™€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋šฑ๋šฑํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ธ ๋ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
29:54
Speak for yourself! I'm closer to skinny โ€“ย  a word to describe someone looking very thinย ย 
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์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค! ์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ์ฒดํ˜•์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ง๋ž๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:59
and sometimes ill. Our next word was willpower.ย ย 
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. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์˜์ง€๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:03
If you have willpower, you can controlย  your own behaviour to achieve something.
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์˜์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:07
The next phrase, come to terms withย  something means you start to acceptย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ธ come to term with something์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:11
the difficult or unpleasant situation you are in.
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.
30:13
If you are judgemental, you are quick toย  criticise people based on your own beliefs.
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ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:18
And finally, we mentioned a burstย  of high intensity interval training.ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฒŒ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:22
A burst is a sudden andย  short increase in something.
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๋ฒ„์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์งง์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:25
Well, we've had a burst of vocabularyย  there and it's time to say goodbye.ย ย 
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์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:29
Please join us next time.
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
30:30
And of course don't forget our website,ย  bbclearningenglish.com. Goodbye.โ€จ
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ bbclearningenglish.com๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
36:38
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
36:45
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:49
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:51
What blood type are you, Sam?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ƒ˜?
36:52
Ah, you mean the different groups used toย  classify humans by blood โ€“ types A, B, AB and O.ย ย 
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์•„, ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? Aํ˜•, Bํ˜•, ABํ˜•,
37:02
I think Iโ€™m type O. How about you, Neil?
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Oํ˜•.
37:06
Well, it may sound strangeย  but actually I donโ€™t know.
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์Œ, ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:10
Hmm, lots of westerners donโ€™t knowย  their blood type, but in parts of Asiaย ย 
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ํ , ๋งŽ์€ ์„œ์–‘์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
37:14
blood groups are a topic of daily conversation.ย  People select romantic partners based onย ย 
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ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ
37:20
blood type and different blood groups areย  associated with different personalities.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:25
In this programme, weโ€™ll be finding out allย  about blood โ€“ why humans have different bloodย ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ 
37:30
types and whether blood is something more thanย  just a way of pumping oxygen around your body.
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์™€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ๋ชธ ์ „์ฒด์— ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ด์ƒ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:36
And of course, weโ€™ll be learningย  some new vocabulary as well.ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:39
Now, Neil, I have an interesting fact for you -ย  did you know that many Japanese popstarsโ€™ websitesย ย 
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์ด์ œ Neil, ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ ํŒ์Šคํƒ€์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—
37:46
will feature their blood type alongsideย  information like their age and hobbies?
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์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฐ ์ทจ๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
37:52
I didnโ€™t, Sam, but Japanese cultureย  is certainly interested in blood.ย ย 
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๋‚œ ์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด, ์ƒ˜, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ณธ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ”ผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์–ด. ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
37:56
Thereโ€™s even a word โ€˜buraharaโ€™ meaning โ€˜bloodย  harassmentโ€™, which is used to describe hostilityย ย 
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'ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๊ดด๋กญํž˜'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” '๋ถ€๋ผํ•˜๋ผ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:03
towards people from a certain blood groupย  considered to be selfish โ€“ but which group?ย ย 
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38:08
Thatโ€™s my quiz question for today โ€“ which bloodย  types may fall victim to โ€˜buraharaโ€™? Is it:
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด '๋ถ€๋ผํ•˜๋ผ'์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์–‘์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€:
38:15
a) blood type A?
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a) ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• A์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
38:17
b) blood type B? Or
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b) Bํ˜• ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•? ๋˜๋Š”
38:20
c) blood type O?
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c) ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• Oํ˜•?
38:22
Iโ€™ll say a) blood type A.
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๋‚˜๋Š” a) ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• A๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:25
OK, Sam, weโ€™ll find out the answer later. Asย  weโ€™ve heard, blood is a big deal in Japan.ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜, ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CrowdScience
38:31
Marnie Chesterton, from BBC Worldย  Service programme, CrowdScience,ย ย 
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ Marnie Chesterton์€
38:35
travelled to Tokyo where she asked Japaneseย  translator, Chie Kobayashi, to explain more:
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๋„์ฟ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ฐ€์ธ Chie Kobayashi์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:41
For blood type A, generally it isย  thought they are perfectionists,ย ย 
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38:46
more detail-oriented, pretty much good at preciseย  type jobs, and that makes them good at helpingย ย 
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์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ง์—…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
38:55
others and good at teamwork and respecting rulesย  and customs. Thatโ€™s a typical blood A type.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ๋•๊ณ  ํŒ€์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณผ ๊ด€์Šต์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• Aํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:01
40 percent of Japanโ€™s populationย  are sensitive, anxious type As. 30ย ย 
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์ผ๋ณธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 40%๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ Aํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 30
39:06
percent are curious and stubborn, generousย  type Os. Ten percent are creative ABs. Butย ย 
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%๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ง‘์ด ์„ธ๋ฉฐ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ Oํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10%๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ AB์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
39:13
woe betide the twenty percent type Bs because theyย  have a far less desirable personality, apparently.
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20%์˜ ์œ ํ˜• B๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:20
According to Japanese tradition, bloodย  type As are perfectionists - peopleย ย 
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์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด A ํ˜•์€ ์™„๋ฒฝ์ฃผ์˜์ž, ์ฆ‰
39:26
who want everything to be perfect andย  demand the highest standards possible.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:31
This contrasts with type Os who areย  considered to be stubborn โ€“ peopleย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„๊ณ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์œ ํ˜• O์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์›ํ•˜๋Š”
39:35
who are determined to do what theyย  want and refuse to change their mind.
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๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:39
But itโ€™s unfortunate blood type Bs who haveย  the least desirable personality โ€“ selfish andย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ธ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ 
39:45
independent. โ€œWoe betide the type Bsโ€ remarksย  the presenter, Marnie Chesterton โ€“ an informalย ย 
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• Bํ˜•์€ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ–‰์ž Marnie Chesterton์€ "
39:53
British expression said when there will be troubleย  ahead for someone โ€“ in this case, poor type Bs!
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Bํ˜•์— ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:01
But apart from customs and traditions, is thereย  actually any science behind these beliefs?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ด€์Šต๊ณผ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ๋… ๋’ค์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ผ€์ž„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™๊ณผ์˜
40:06
Well, not according to Dr Emma Pomeroy ofย  Cambridge Universityโ€™s archaeology department.ย ย 
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์— ๋งˆ ํฌ๋ฉ”๋กœ์ด ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
40:12
She thinks that - like horoscopesย  โ€“ thereโ€™s no scientific basis for aย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณ„์ž๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
40:16
connection between blood types and personalities.
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ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:20
Which makes me wonder whatย  exactly blood types are.
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ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:23
Blood types are kinds of stickers or chemicalย  markers which support our immune system - theย ย 
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ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์€ ์ธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
40:30
organs, cells and processes which protectย  the human body from infection and illness.
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๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ธ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์Šคํ‹ฐ์ปค ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋งˆ์ปค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
40:36
Those chemical markers can identify foreignย  bodies like pathogens - small organisms,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋งˆ์ปค๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„
40:42
such a virus or bacteria, that can causeย  disease. The variety of blood types seemsย ย 
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์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ธ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์€
40:47
to be a result of different bodily responsesย  to different disease-causing pathogens.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:53
Which explains why blood of the same typeย  is needed in blood transfusions โ€“ medicalย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ›„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ค‘์— ํ•œ
40:59
procedures in which blood is taken from one personย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ
41:02
and put into another personโ€™s body, oftenย  after an accident or during an operation.ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
41:08
And explains the high demand for typeย  O blood which can be given to anyone.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Oํ˜• ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
41:13
Ah, generous type Os โ€“ like me.ย  I always knew I was specialโ€ฆย ย 
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์•„, ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์šด ํƒ€์ž… ์˜ค์Šค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ โ€ฆ
41:17
and curious and stubborn, wasnโ€™tย  that the type O personality?
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41:22
Oh yes, todayโ€™s quiz question wasย  about blood type personalities.ย ย 
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๋„ค, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š”
41:27
I asked you which undesirable bloodย  type is considered selfish in Japan.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
41:32
I said a) blood type A.
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๋‚˜๋Š” a) ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• A๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:35
But as weโ€™ve heard, itโ€™s actually b) blood type B.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” b) ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• B์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:39
Never mind, Iโ€™ll settle for being curious,ย  stubborn and generous! In todayโ€™s programmeย ย 
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์™„๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ
41:45
weโ€™ve been talking all about blood typesย  and personalities. In Japan, blood type Aย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• Aํ˜•
41:51
people are thought of as perfectionists -ย  people who want everything to be perfect.
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์€ ์™„๋ฒฝ์ฃผ์˜์ž, ์ฆ‰ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„๊ณ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
41:56
Unlike type Os who are consideredย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์œ ํ˜• O์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
41:58
stubborn โ€“ determined to get theirย  own way and unwilling to change.
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- ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:02
And woe betide selfish type Bs โ€“ anย  informal expression said when thereย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์œ ํ˜• B๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
42:07
will be trouble for someone or if they willย  be punished for doing a particular thing.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:13
Scientifically speaking, blood typesย  help support our immune system - theย ย 
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์€ ์ธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ ๊ณผ์ •์ธ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:17
organs and cellular processes whichย  protect the human body from infection.
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.
42:24
They also help identify foreignย  pathogens - small organisms,ย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ธ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:28
such a virus or bacteria,ย  that can cause a disease.
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.
42:31
And explain why the same blood type isย  needed for a successful blood transfusionย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
42:36
โ€“ the procedure in which blood is transferred fromย  one personโ€™s body to another during an operation.
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์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:42
Thatโ€™s all we have time for today. Bye for now.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
42:45
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
42:51
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:55
And Iโ€™m Georgina.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:57
Covid-19 has changed everyday life forย  people in countries around the world.ย ย 
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
43:02
But coronavirus wasnโ€™t the first pandemic toย  cause mass sickness and disrupt daily life.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:08
Between 2002 and 2004 an outbreak of the diseaseย ย 
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2002๋…„์—์„œ 2004๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
43:12
known as SARS or 'severeย  acute respiratory syndrome'ย ย 
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SARS ๋˜๋Š” '์ค‘์ฆ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ'์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ
43:16
caused hundreds of deaths in southern Chinaย  before spreading to other parts of the world.
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์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ํ›„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:22
The virus that caused SARS survived byย  mutating โ€“ changing as it reproducedย ย 
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SARS๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰
43:27
itself in the bodies of infected peopleย ย 
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๋ณต์ œ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”
43:30
and this caused the virus to create strainsย  โ€“ slight variations of the original.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€์ข…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์›๋ณธ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ SARS ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜
43:35
Covid-19, the disease caused by theย  strain of the original SARS virusย ย 
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๋ณ€์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ Covid-19๋Š”
43:40
we are experiencing now, has been called SARS 2.
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SARS 2๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:45
In this programme, weโ€™ll beย  looking at the origins of Covid-19ย ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Covid-19์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
43:49
and hearing new evidence about the scale ofย  the threat we face from the disease. And ofย ย 
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๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
43:53
course weโ€™ll be learning some new vocabulary asย  well. But first itโ€™s time for our quiz question.ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ดํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:59
We know that white blood cells make up partย  of the immune system our body needs to fightย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:04
infectious diseases like Covid-19. But how manyย  white blood cells per microlitre does the averageย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋‹น ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
44:11
adult human need? Is it: a) 7,000,ย 
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์„ฑ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? a) 7,000,
44:15
b) 17,000, or c) 70,000?
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b) 17,000 ๋˜๋Š” c) 70,000์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
44:19
Hmmm, in that case Iโ€™d sayย  more is better, so c) 70,000.
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ํ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. c) 70,000.
44:25
OK, weโ€™ll find out the answer at the end ofย  the programme. Now, Georgina, you mentionedย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž, Georgina, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „
44:30
that the disease spreading across the worldย  today wasnโ€™t the first Covid-19-type disease.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ Covid-19 ์œ ํ˜• ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:35
Thatโ€™s right. In fact a recent researchย  project in China has identified over 700ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” 700๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š”
44:41
different types of coronavirusย  carried by bats. Some of theseย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณ€์ข… ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
44:46
virus strains are thought to haveย  already crossed over to humans.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:50
Dr Peter Daszak of New Yorkโ€™s Eco-Health Allianceย  thinks that new strains of the virus have theย ย 
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๋‰ด์š• Eco-Health Alliance์˜ Peter Daszak ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ€์ข…์ด
44:56
potential to cause future pandemics. Heย  spent years in the Chinese countrysideย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์—์„œ
45:01
looking for the coronaviruses thatย  could jump from bats to humans.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:05
Here he is talking to the BBC Worldย  Service programme, Science in Actionโ€ฆ
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Science in Action๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SARS 2์˜ ์ „์กฐ๋ฅผ
45:11
It would have been great to have found theย  precursor to SARS 2, but what would have beenย ย 
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
45:14
even better was to have found it before SARS 2ย  emerged and raise the red flag on it and stopย ย 
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SARS 2๊ฐ€ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋” ์ข‹์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:20
the outbreak. But we didnโ€™t do that. What we wereย  looking for wereโ€ฆ at the time โ€ฆ our hypothesisย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€... ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜
45:25
was that SARS 1, the original SARS virus whichย  we all thought had disappeared , was still outย ย 
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ SARS ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ธ SARS 1์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
45:32
there in bats โ€“ and that was what we were lookingย  for. So we found a lot of SARS 1-related viruses.
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๋ฐ•์ฅ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” SARS 1 ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:39
Covid-19 may have been contained if scientists hadย  known more about the diseaseโ€™s precursor โ€“ that'sย ย 
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Covid-19๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ „์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
45:45
a situation which existed before somethingย  and led to the development of that thing.ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ „์— ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:50
Here, the precursor of Covid-19ย  was the original SARS 1.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ Covid-19์˜ ์ „์กฐ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ SARS 1์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:54
Any new cases of the virus wouldย  have been a red flag for anotherย ย 
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
45:58
outbreak - a symbol of danger andย  that some action needs to be taken.
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์œ„ํ—˜์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:03
Dr Daszak believed that some form of SARS remainedย  in bats and based his investigations on thisย ย 
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Daszak ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ SARS๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•์ฅ์— ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:09
hypothesis โ€“ an idea which is suggestedย  as a possible explanation of somethingย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
46:14
but which has not yet been proved correct.
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์•„์ง ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:17
Another scientist working to prevent new epidemicsย  is the pathologist Professor Mary Fowkes.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ธ Mary Fowkes ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:22
The original SARS was treated as aย  respiratory disease which attacks the lungs.
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์›๋ž˜ SARS๋Š” ํ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:27
But when working with infectedย  patients, Professor Fowkesย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ๋•Œ Fowkes ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š”
46:30
noticed that Covid-19 was damaging theย  brain, blood and other organs as well.
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Covid-19๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ, ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…ํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:37
Clinicians have recognised that a lot ofย  patients that have Covid-19 are exhibitingย ย 
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์ž„์ƒ์˜๋Š” Covid-19์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€
46:42
confusion, are not necessarily aware of theirย  environment appropriately, some are havingย ย 
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
46:49
seizures,so there are some central nervous systemย  abnormalities. And as you know, a lot of patientsย ย 
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๋ฐœ์ž‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์ถ” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด
46:55
are exhibiting loss of sense of smell and thatย  is a direct connection to the brain as well.
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ํ›„๊ฐ ์ƒ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‡Œ์™€๋„ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:02
In some infected patients coronavirusย  attacks the central nervous system - theย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋‡Œ์™€ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ
47:06
bodyโ€™s main system of nerve controlย  consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์ ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ ์ค‘์ถ”์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
47:11
When severe, this can cause seizures - sudden,ย ย 
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์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
47:14
violent attack of an illness,ย  often affecting the heart or brain.
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ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ข…์ข… ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‡Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:18
It seems that Covid-19-type diseases areย  not going to disappear any time soon.
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Covid-19 ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ๊ณง ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ
47:23
Reminding us of the importance of theย  scientific research weโ€™ve heard about today.
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์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
47:28
And the importance of boosting your immunityโ€ฆย  which reminds me of todayโ€™s quiz question.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ... ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”. ์ธ์ฒด์— 1๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋‹น
47:32
You asked me how many white blood cells perย  microlitre the human body has. I said c) 70,000.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” c) 70,000์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
47:41
Well, if thatโ€™s true youโ€™ve definitelyย  boosted your immunity, Georgina,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
47:45
because the correct answer is c) 7,000.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ c) 7,000์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:48
Today weโ€™ve been discussing theย  strains โ€“ or slight variations,ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
47:51
of the virus which causes Covid-19.
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Covid-19๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€์ข… ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:55
Covid-19 has a previous diseaseย  called SARS as its precursor โ€“ aย ย 
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Covid-19๋Š” SARS๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์ „ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ทธ ์ „์กฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
48:00
situation which existed before somethingย  and caused the development of that thing.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:04
Researchers used the idea that theย  virus have passed to humans from batsย ย 
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•์ฅ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
48:08
as their hypothesis โ€“ possible explanation forย  something which has not yet been proved true.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:15
By identifying new virus strains,ย  doctors hope unexplained cases canย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ณ€์ข…์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€
48:20
act as a red flag โ€“ a warning sign ofย  danger, to prevent further outbreaks.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์ค‘์ถ” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„(๋‡Œ ๋ฐ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜)๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—
48:25
Knowing about new strains is increasinglyย  important as we find out more about howย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ€์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์  ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:30
coronavirus attacks the bodyโ€™s centralย  nervous system โ€“ the brain and spinal cord,ย ย 
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48:35
which in some patients can cause seizuresย  - sudden, violent attacks of an illness,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ž‘,
48:41
especially affecting the heart or brain.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‡Œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
48:43
So try to stay safe, wash your hands andย  remember to join us again soon. Bye for now!
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†์„ ์”ป์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
48:48
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
48:55
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:59
And Iโ€™m Sam.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:00
How do you relax, Sam?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์„ธ์š”, ์ƒ˜?
49:02
Well, I love watching movies and I go swimming.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ์˜ํ™” ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:05
One thing that millions of people aroundย  the world do is meditate to relax andย ย 
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช…์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
49:09
thatโ€™s the subject of our programme. Weโ€™ll beย  looking at experiments by scientists in the USย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ต ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
49:15
into the Buddhist practice ofย  meditation. Weโ€™ll find out howย ย 
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.
49:18
Tibetan monks use meditation techniquesย  to focus better and manage their emotions.
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ํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ํŠธ ์Šน๋ ค๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ช…์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:24
But what exactly is meditation? People justย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ช…์ƒ์ด๋ž€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋ฌด ์ƒ๊ฐ ์—†์ด
49:27
sitting cross-legged on theย  floor, thinking of nothing?!
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์ฑ…์ƒ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ?!
49:31
Thereโ€™s a lot more to it than that. Afterย  all, Buddhist meditation is an ancientย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ถˆ๊ต ๋ช…์ƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜
49:35
practice โ€“ even science, according to some.ย  Tibetan Buddhism, as embodied by the Dalai Lama,ย ย 
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์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ด ๋ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ ํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ํŠธ ๋ถˆ๊ต๋Š” ๋ช…์ƒ์„
49:41
is what many people think of when you mentionย  meditation. Which brings me to my quiz question.
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์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:46
Which is..?
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์–ด๋Š..?
49:47
What is the meaning of the Tibetanย  word for โ€˜meditationโ€™? Is itโ€ฆ
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'๋ช…์ƒ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ํŠธ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€โ€ฆ
49:51
a) to relax
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49:53
b) to feel blissful
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49:54
c) to become familiar
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49:57
I think it must be either a) to relax, orย  b) to feel blissful because they sound likeย ย 
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50:03
positive states of mind. But Iโ€™m not sureย  about calling meditation a โ€˜scienceโ€™,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…์ƒ์„ '๊ณผํ•™'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:08
Neil. Isnโ€™t it more like aย  philosophy or a lifestyle?
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Neil. ์ฒ ํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ๋ผ์ดํ”„์Šคํƒ€์ผ์— ๊ฐ€๊น์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? Center for Healthy Minds์˜
50:12
Not according to Professor Richard Davidson of theย  Center for Healthy Minds. He spoke to Alejandraย ย 
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Richard Davidson ๊ต์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š”
50:18
Martins of BBC World Service programme Witnessย  History about his remarkable scientific experimentย ย 
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BBC World Service ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Witness History์˜ Alejandra Martins์—๊ฒŒ
50:25
which proved for the first time thatย  meditation can actually change the brain.
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๋ช…์ƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ณผํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:30
When I first met His Holiness the Dalaiย  Lama it was 1972. He challenged me,ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ด ๋ผ๋งˆ ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” 1972๋…„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์ „์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
50:37
he said, โ€˜I understand that youโ€™ve been usingย  tools of modern neuroscience to study anxietyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” '๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
50:43
and depression. Why canโ€™t you use those sameย  tools to study kindness and to study compassion?โ€™
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. ์นœ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?โ€™
50:51
Neuroscience is the scientific study of theย  workings of the human brain and nervous system.ย ย 
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:56
Professor Davidson measured negative mentalย  states like depression, in contrast to positiveย ย 
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„์Šจ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ
51:02
attitudes such as compassion โ€“ thatโ€™s theย  wish for everyone to be free from suffering.
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ํƒœ๋„์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ •์‹  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:07
Right. In his test, Buddhist monksย  sent out loving thoughts to everyoneย ย 
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๊ทธ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ ค๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
51:12
equally โ€“ to friends, enemies andย  strangers as well as to themselves.
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์นœ๊ตฌ, ์ , ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:17
Compassionate thoughts such asย  โ€˜May you be happy and peacefulโ€™,ย ย 
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'ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ธธ',
51:21
โ€˜May you not sufferโ€™. Andย  the results were astonishing!
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'๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๊ฐ. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
51:25
What did they show, Neil?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋‚˜์š”, ๋‹?
51:26
Very high levels of gamma oscillations โ€“ย  now thatโ€™s brain waves showing increasedย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฐ๋งˆ ์ง„๋™ โ€“ ์ด์ œ ๋‡ŒํŒŒ๊ฐ€
51:31
connections between different parts of the brain.ย  This is what you or I might experience as a flashย ย 
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๋‡Œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
51:37
of insight โ€“ a moment of sudden understandingย  and clarity. For us, it might last less than aย ย 
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์ ์ธ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ดํ•ด ์™€ ๋ช…๋ฃŒ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” 1์ดˆ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
51:43
second. But for these experienced Buddhist monks,ย  the gamma waves lasted minutes! Furthermore,ย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์Šน๋ ค๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ๋งˆํŒŒ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋˜ํ•œ
51:49
as Richard Davidson explains, brain changesย  as a result of meditation can be long lasting.
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Richard Davidson์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ช…์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:56
There is no question at this point in timeย  based upon the current science that has beenย ย 
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ํ˜„์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
52:03
conducted over the last 10 years, thatย  meditation can change the brain inย ย 
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…์ƒ์ด ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:09
enduring ways; and the circuitsย  that are involved are multiple,ย ย 
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๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ
52:15
but they include circuits that are importantย  for regulating attention and regulating emotion.
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:21
So, this was proof of neuroplasticityย  โ€“ our brainโ€™s ability to changeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
52:27
in response to conscious effort. Inย  other words, the meditating monks wereย ย 
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. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ๋ช…์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน๋ ค๋“ค์€
52:31
intentionally remoulding theirย  minds in more positive ways!
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
52:34
And this was possible because the brainย  circuits โ€“ different parts of the brainย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ๋‡Œ ํšŒ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
52:39
responsible for different functions โ€“ startย  talking to each other in new ways that createdย ย 
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
52:45
enduring โ€“ meaning long-lasting - changes.
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.
52:49
The meditators gained insightย  into how their minds work.ย ย 
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๋ช…์ƒ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:52
They were more focused and emotionally balancedย  and less likely to get upset. How cool is that?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žก์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„๊ฐ€์š”?
52:58
Pretty cool! But these Tibetan monks soundย  like Buddhas! They spend thousands of hoursย ย 
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„! ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ํŠธ ์Šน๋ ค๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
53:03
sitting in meditation. Iโ€™ve got to go toย  work, Neil! What good is meditation to me?
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๋ช…์ƒ์— ์•‰์•„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด์š” , Neil! ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช…์ƒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
53:09
Well, Sam, in fact the experiment showedย  that 30 minutes of meditation a dayย ย 
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์Œ, ์ƒ˜, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 30๋ถ„์˜ ๋ช…์ƒ์ด ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ž์• 
53:14
significantly increased feelings ofย  loving kindness in new meditators too!
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์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
53:19
OK, maybe Iโ€™ll give meditation a go after all. Butย  not before I find out the answer to todayโ€™s quiz.
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ช…์ƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:26
Yes, I asked you what the Tibetanย  word for โ€˜meditationโ€™ meant.
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๋„ค, ํ‹ฐ๋ฒ ํŠธ์–ด๋กœ '๋ช…์ƒ'์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:29
And I said either a) to relax, or b)ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” a) ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ’€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ b)
53:33
to feel blissful. And Iโ€™m feeling prettyย  confident of getting it right this time, Neil.
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ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”, Neil.
53:38
Well, Sam, if the answer came to you in a flashย  of insight then Iโ€™m afraid you need more practiceย ย 
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์Œ, ์ƒ˜, ๋‹ต์ด ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
53:44
because the correct answerย  is c) to become familiar,ย ย 
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์ •๋‹ต์€ c) ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:48
in this case with moreย  positive thoughts and emotions.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:51
You mean emotions like kindness andย  compassion โ€“ the thought wishingย ย 
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์นœ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:56
everyone to be free from their problems. Whatย  other vocabulary did we learn today, Neil?
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Neil, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ดํœ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
54:01
Well, it turns out meditationย  is actually a science.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ช…์ƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:04
Neuroscience in fact, which is the studyย  of the human brain and nervous system.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:09
Meditation experiments proved neuroplasticityย  - the brainโ€™s ability to restructure.
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๋ช…์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:15
By generating and sending out the compassionateย  wish, โ€˜May all beings be happyโ€™, Buddhistย ย 
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'๋ชจ๋“  ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์›์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์‹ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถˆ๊ต
54:22
meditators change their brain circuits โ€“ differentย  parts of the brain responsible for differentย ย 
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๋ช…์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‡Œ ํšŒ๋กœ, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
54:28
functions. And this is an enduring change, meaningย  it lasts and increases over a long period of time.
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:35
I must say, Sam, you took it pretty wellย  when you guessed the wrong answer just then.
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Sam, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์˜ค๋‹ต์„ ๋งžํ˜”์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฝค ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:39
Thanks, Neil. I donโ€™t like getting upset, so Iโ€™mย  trying out some breathing meditation! Breathing inย ย 
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๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ, ๋‹. ์†์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์‹ซ์–ด์„œ ํ˜ธํก๋ช…์ƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”! ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์ด์‰ฌ๊ณ 
54:46
the positive, breathing out the negativeโ€ฆ
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ์„ธ์š”...
54:49
Join us again soon forย  another interesting discussionย ย 
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54:52
on 6 Minute English from BBCย  Learning English. Bye for now!
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BBC์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ† ๋ก ์— ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•!
55:02
Hello. This is 6 Minute Englishย  from BBC Learning English. Iโ€™m Neil.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. BBC Learning English์˜ 6๋ถ„ ์˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:06
And Iโ€™m Georgina. Iโ€™ve got aย  puzzle for you, Neil. Ready?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํผ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”, ๋‹. ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
55:10
Sure.
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”.
55:11
OK. Itโ€™s a riddle. Iโ€™m as light as a featherย  but no one can hold me for very long. What am I?
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊นƒํ„ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ์ง€ ๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์•ˆ์•„์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?
55:18
Hmmmโ€ฆ as light as a feather but no oneย  can hold youโ€ฆ No idea. What are you?
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ํ ... ๊นƒํ„ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋„ ์•ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด... ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด. ๋„ˆ ๋ญ์•ผ?
55:26
Your breath.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ˆจ.
55:27
Ah, yes, I see. OK, Iโ€™ve got one for you - Iโ€™m soย ย 
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์•„, ๋„ค, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด
55:32
big Iโ€™m everywhere but so smallย  you canโ€™t see me. What am I?
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ํฌ์ฃ . ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?
55:37
Youโ€™re everywhere but I canโ€™tย  see you? Hmmm, trickyโ€ฆ I give up.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ , ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œโ€ฆ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:43
The answer is โ€“ germs! With the outbreak ofย  coronavirus, people around the world haveย ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ โ€“ ์„ธ๊ท ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
55:49
rediscovered the importance of fightingย  germs to stop the spread of disease.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ท ๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:55
In this programme, weโ€™ll be discussingย  the importance of handwashing in theย ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ๊ณผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์—์„œ ์† ์”ป๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
55:58
prevention of germs and viruses. And weโ€™llย  start off by meeting the first personย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
56:04
to realise that keeping hands clean canย  really help prevent diseases being passed on.
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์†์„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ „์—ผ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:10
Ahโ€ฆ do you mean the19th century Hungarianย  doctor, Ignaz Semmelweiss? He was known asย ย 
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์•„... 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ—๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ ์˜์‚ฌ Ignaz Semmelweiss ๋ง์”€์ด์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋Š”
56:17
the โ€˜saviour of mothersโ€™ for keeping maternityย  wards germ-free and he had a very interestingย ย 
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์‚ฐ๋ถ€์ธ๊ณผ ๋ณ‘๋™์„ ๋ฌด๊ท  ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ '์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ธ์ฃผ'๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด
56:22
life. But do you know what happened to himย  in the end? Thatโ€™s my quiz question. Was it:
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์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ:
56:27
He won the Nobel prizeย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:30
He ended up in hospital for mentally ill people He started the first company to produce hand soap
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ •์‹  ์งˆํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์† ๋น„๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:37
Dr Semmelweiss sounds like a scientificย  hero so Iโ€™ll say, a) he won the Nobel prize.
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Semmelweiss ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ์˜์›…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฏ€๋กœ, a) ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:44
OK. Weโ€™ll find out later if you were right.ย  Whatโ€™s for sure is that Ignaz Semmelweissย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ Ignaz Semmelweiss๊ฐ€
56:49
was a hero to Val Curtis, a director at theย  London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.ย ย 
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London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ธ Val Curtis์˜ ์˜์›…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:55
Here she is talking to BBCย  Radio 4โ€™s Science Stories:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” BBC ๋ผ๋””์˜ค 4์˜ Science Stories์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:59
Semmelweiss is kind of my patron saint.ย ย 
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Semmelweiss๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:03
Handwashing has been my life for the last thirtyย  years working on trying to improve hygiene,ย ย 
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์† ์”ป๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 30 ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์œ„์ƒ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ ์‚ถ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:07
mostly in developing countries andย  he was really the first to identifyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ ์ „ํŒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ
57:12
the importance of keeping hands clean in theย  prevention of the transmission of infection.ย ย 
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์†์„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
57:16
And since the beginning of my career workingย  in public health Iโ€™ve been trying to understandย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ์ €๋Š”
57:21
how diseases get spread and what the best wayย  of preventing it is, and handwashing jumped outย ย 
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์†์”ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„
57:27
as being the most important means of preventingย  infections, particularly in developing countries.
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
57:33
Valโ€™s work is all about improvingย  hygiene - practices for maintainingย ย 
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Val์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์œ„์ƒ ๊ฐœ์„ , ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
57:37
health and preventing disease,ย  especially through cleanliness.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
57:42
And she was clearly influenced by the workย  of Dr Semmelweiss because she calls him herย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” Semmelweiss ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
57:47
patron saint - a kind of guide and protectorย  believed to give special help or inspiration.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋„์›€์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์•ˆ๋‚ด์ž์ด์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์ธ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Semmelweiss ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:53
But Dr Semmelweiss is also a good example ofย  science communication. Getting the message outย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Semmelweiss ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
57:59
so people understand the importance of hygieneย  is difficult. And โ€˜wash your handsโ€™ jumpedย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์œ„์ƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์†์„ ์”ป์œผ์„ธ์š”'๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
58:05
out - or made a strong impact - as a simpleย  message to communicate. Hereโ€™s Val again:
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋กœ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์™”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ Val์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:12
It wasnโ€™t until we wrote a paper in 2003 thatย  showed the evidence that handwashing could saveย ย 
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2003๋…„์— ์†์”ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
58:18
a million lives that actually people startedย  to take it seriously and handwashing became aย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์†์”ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
58:24
big important issue internationally. Soย  for me the lesson from Semmelweiss is:ย ย 
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ Semmelweiss์˜ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€
58:28
donโ€™t scream and shout and accuseย  people of doing things wrongly butย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ 
58:32
patiently get the data out there andย  tell your story in a positive way.
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์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:37
The idea that handwashing is an essentialย  part of hygiene is supported by scientificย ย 
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์†์”ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์ƒ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ 
58:42
evidence - the facts and information used toย  show that a belief is true - in this case,ย ย 
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
58:48
Valโ€™s belief that handwashingย  could help save a million lives.
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์†์”ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” Val์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:52
So, handwashing has become anย  important global issue - or topic ofย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์† ์”ป๊ธฐ๋Š”
58:57
discussion - especially in places withoutย  access to clean sanitation and toilets.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ๋ก  ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:03
Val also mentions that if you wantย  people to listen to your message,ย ย 
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Val์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น„๋ช…์„
59:07
itโ€™s better to present the evidence in aย  positive, scientific way instead of screamingย ย 
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์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ณ ํ•จ์„ ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ 
59:11
and shouting - speaking in a forceful or evenย  angry way to convince people youโ€™re right.
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:17
Right, people donโ€™t listen if you scream andย  shout at them - they just think youโ€™re strange.
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๋„ค, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋น„๋ช…์„ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:22
Which brings me back to todayโ€™s quiz question.ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:25
Remember, I asked you what happenedย  to Dr Semmelweiss in the end?
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— Semmelweiss ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
59:29
โ€ฆand I said a) he won the Nobel prize.
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โ€ฆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” a) ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:32
Well, Iโ€™m afraid the answer was , b) heย  ended up in hospital for mentally ill people.
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ b) ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:38
Today weโ€™ve been talking about handwashing,ย  one of the single best ways to improveย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์† ์”ป๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
59:43
personal hygiene - the prevention of disease byย  keeping clean. Recently, handwashing has becomeย ย 
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์ฒญ๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์† ์”ป๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”
59:49
a top global issue - subject or topicย  people are thinking and talking about.
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์ฃผ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
59:55
Scientific evidence - the factsย  and information used to proveย ย 
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๊ณผํ•™์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ -
59:59
ideas true or valid - it shows thatย  handwashing jumped out - or was easilyย ย 
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด - ์† ์”ป๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š”
60:04
noticed - as one of the most importantย  methods to stop the spread of infection.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
60:09
The work of 19th century scientist Ignazย  Semmelweiss was so inspiring that even today,ย ย 
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž Ignaz Semmelweiss์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„
60:15
some doctors consider him the patronย  saint of hygiene - an expressionย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์œ„์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
60:20
referring to a protecting or guiding saintย  believed to give special help or inspiration.
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.
60:27
But communicating the message of โ€˜wash yourย  handsโ€™ to people around the world is hard,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ '์†์„ ์”ป์œผ์„ธ์š”'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:31
especially if you just screamย  and shout - or try to convinceย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋น„๋ช…์„ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
60:35
someone by talking to them in aย  forceful or argumentative way.
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๊ฐ•์••์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:39
OK, Neil, the scientific evidence has convincedย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‹, ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:42
me - I promise to make sureย  I regularly wash my hands.
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†์„ ์”ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:47
Thatโ€™s all from us today but join us againย  soon for more topical discussion and vocabularyย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง
60:52
here at BBC Learning English's 6 Minute English.
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BBC Learning English's 6 Minute English์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
60:55
Stay safe and remember toย  wash your hands! Bye for now.
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์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†์„ ์”ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”! ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
60:59
Bye!
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์•ˆ๋…•!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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