English Rewind - Weekender: 'Actor' or 'Actress'?

32,878 views ・ 2023-08-29

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hello! Catherine here from BBC Learning English.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”! BBC Learning English의 Catherineμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:04
Just so you know, this programme is from the BBC Learning English archive.
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 이 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ BBC Learning English μ•„μΉ΄μ΄λΈŒμ—μ„œ κ°€μ Έμ˜¨ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
It was originally broadcast in April 2007 on our website.
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μ›λž˜ 2007λ…„ 4월에 당사 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œ λ°©μ†‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
Enjoy!
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즐기닀!
00:17
Hello, I'm Amber, and you're listening to BBC Learning English dot com.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ €λŠ” Amberμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆ BBC Learning English 닷컴을 λ“£κ³  κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
In Weekender today, we consider a linguistic dilemma β€”
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였늘 Weekenderμ—μ„œλŠ” 언어적 λ”œλ ˆλ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
should we call a woman who acts an 'actress'?
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'배우' 역할을 ν•˜λŠ” 여성을 λΆˆλŸ¬μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”? 남성과 여성을 λͺ¨λ‘ λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•  λ•Œ
00:32
Does the use of the word 'actor'
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'배우'λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이
00:34
to describe both men and women make more sense?
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더 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
00:39
We hear from two acclaimed actresses, Fiona Shaw and ZoΓ« Wanamaker,
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두 λͺ…μ˜ ν˜Έν‰λ°›λŠ” μ—¬λ°°μš° Fiona Shaw와 ZoΓ« Wanamaker,
00:44
and from David Marsh, who's the author of The Guardian newspaper style guide.
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그리고 The Guardian μ‹ λ¬Έ μŠ€νƒ€μΌ κ°€μ΄λ“œμ˜ μ €μžμΈ David Marsh의 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:50
But first, a little history.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¨Όμ € μ•½κ°„μ˜ 역사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
The word 'actress' was first used round about 1700,
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'μ—¬λ°°μš°'λΌλŠ” 단어가 처음 μ‚¬μš©λœ 것은 1700λ…„κ²½μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
01:00
but women began acting on the English stage in 1656,
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여성이 영ꡭ λ¬΄λŒ€μ—μ„œ μ—°κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 것은
01:03
when King Charles II permitted it,
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찰슀 2μ„Έκ°€ ν—ˆμš©ν•œ 1656λ…„λΆ€ν„°μ˜€κΈ°
01:06
so there's a gap between women starting to act in 1656 when they were called 'actor',
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— '배우'라고 뢈리던 1656λ…„λΆ€ν„° 여성이 μ—°κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 것과,
01:12
and women being called 'actress' round about 1700.
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여성이 '배우'둜 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것은 1700λ…„λŒ€μ―€μ΄λ‹€.
01:17
Then, if we jump forward to the 1970s and 1980s,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€κ°€ 1970λ…„λŒ€μ™€ 1980λ…„λŒ€λ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€λ©΄
01:21
women began to choose the term 'actor' instead of 'actress'
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01:25
as a direct result of the women's movement
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μ—¬μ„±μš΄λ™
01:28
and an awareness of gender bias in language.
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κ³Ό 성차별에 λŒ€ν•œ μΈμ‹μ˜ 직접적인 영ν–₯으둜 여성듀은 '배우' λŒ€μ‹  '배우'λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€. μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œ.
01:32
Women began to take back the term 'actor', and it's often used today.
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여성듀은 '배우'λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³  μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” 이 μš©μ–΄κ°€ 자주 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
ZoΓ« Wanamaker explains that, in the 1970s and 1980s, there was 'a stigma' β€”
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ZoΓ« WanamakerλŠ” 1970λ…„λŒ€ 와 1980λ…„λŒ€μ—λŠ” 배우라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ
01:45
a feeling that people disapproved β€” of being called an actress.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μΈμ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λŠλ‚ŒμΈ '였λͺ…'이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:49
This was because the word 'actress' seemed to have the connotation,
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'μ—¬λ°°μš°'λΌλŠ” 단어가 λ§€μΆ˜λΆ€λΌλŠ” 의미λ₯Ό λ‚΄ν¬ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ•”μ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€
01:54
or suggested meaning, of being a prostitute.
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.
01:58
There was supposed to be a feeling of equality
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ν‰λ“±ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκ³  배우라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ
02:01
and also, there was this stigma against being called an actress
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낙인도 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
because, particularly in this country, in Great Britain,
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특히 이 λ‚˜λΌ μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:09
the name actress seemed to have this connotation of being a prostitute.
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μ—¬λ°°μš°λΌλŠ” 이름이 λ§€μΆ˜λΆ€λΌλŠ” 의미λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
So ZoΓ« Wanamaker called herself an actor because it seemed more respectable.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ZoΓ« WanamakerλŠ” λ°°μš°κ°€ 더 μ‘΄κ²½μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œ λ³΄μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μžμ‹ μ„ 배우라고 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
And some people still think the word 'actress' is pejorative β€”
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그리고 일뢀 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ '배우'λΌλŠ” 단어가 경멸적이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
it expresses disapproval.
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μ΄λŠ” λ°˜λŒ€λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
The Guardian newspaper has banned the term 'actress' from its pages,
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κ°€λ””μ–Έ(The Guardian) 신문은 '배우'λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό 남성과 μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ
02:32
deciding that 'actor' should be used for both men and women.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  κ²°μ •ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ '배우'λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ—μ„œ κΈˆμ§€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:35
So, for example, the paper has to say that the actor Helen Mirren
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ‹ λ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 배우 ν—¬λ Œ 미렌(Helen Mirren)이
02:40
recently won an Oscar for Best Actress!
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졜근 였슀카 μ—¬μš°μ£Όμ—°μƒμ„ μˆ˜μƒν–ˆλ‹€κ³  말해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
02:44
David March, author of the newspaper's style guide,
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μ‹ λ¬Έμ˜ μŠ€νƒ€μΌ κ°€μ΄λ“œ μž‘μ„±μžμΈ λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 마치(David March)λŠ”
02:48
says the change was in response to feedback from readers
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02:51
who thought 'actor' should be used for men and women.
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'배우'λΌλŠ” 단어가 남성과 μ—¬μ„± λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” λ…μžλ“€μ˜ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ— 따라 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
But he points out that it's very useful to have two terms.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·ΈλŠ” 두 개의 μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” 것이 맀우 μœ μš©ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ§€μ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
Why? Oh, and as you listen, try to catch the informal word he uses to refer to men.
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μ™œ? μ•„, 그리고 λ“€μœΌλ©΄μ„œ κ·Έκ°€ λ‚¨μžλ₯Ό μ§€μΉ­ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 비곡식적인 단어λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:06
If I want to say that Judi Dench is the finest actor in Britain,
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Judi Denchκ°€ 영ꡭ 졜고의 배우라고 λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ 그것은
03:12
that's unambiguous β€” it means she's better than the blokes.
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λΆ„λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 즉 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ†ˆλ“€λ³΄λ‹€ λ‚«λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
If I say she's the finest actress,
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λ‚΄κ°€ κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό 졜고의 μ—¬λ°°μš°λΌκ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
03:17
it means she's better than Helen Mirren and other female actors,
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ν—¬λ Œ λ―Έλ Œμ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬μž λ°°μš°λ“€λ³΄λ‹€ λ‚«λ‹€λŠ” 뜻인데
03:22
which is not saying the same thing at all.
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μ „ν˜€ 같은 말은 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
So having two words is useful,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 두 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μœ μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
because you can refer to men and women performers as two groups.
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남성과 μ—¬μ„± μΆœμ—°μžλ₯Ό 두 그룹으둜 지칭할 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
And the informal word for men?
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그리고 λ‚¨μžλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ 비곡식적인 λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”μš”?
03:33
'Blokes'.
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'λΈ”λŸ­μŠ€'.
03:35
Now here's Fiona Shaw who says the words we use
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이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
03:38
are simply the words we're used to using. They're 'attitudes of custom and habit'.
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 단어일 뿐이라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” Fiona Shawκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 'κ΄€μŠ΅κ³Ό μŠ΅κ΄€μ˜ νƒœλ„'이닀.
03:44
She explains that it doesn't make the experiences
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 같은 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ”
03:47
of actors and actresses the same, just by using the same word β€”
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λ°°μš°μ™€ μ—¬λ°°μš°μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은
03:51
that would be 'humbug', nonsense and dishonest.
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'사기꾼', 말도 μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” 일, λΆ€μ •μ§ν•œ 일이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
These are just attitudes of custom and habit, aren't they,
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이것은 단지 κ΄€μŠ΅ κ³Ό μŠ΅κ΄€μ˜ νƒœλ„μΌ 뿐인데,
03:59
what words we use, on one hand?
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ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 단어가 μ•„λ‹Œκ°€?
04:01
On the other hand, I think the experience of being an actress
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λ°˜λ©΄μ—, λ°°μš°λ‘œμ„œμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ€ λ°°μš°λ‘œμ„œμ˜ κ²½ν—˜κ³Ό
04:04
is so fundamentally different to being an actor
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근본적으둜 λ‹€λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:08
that any illusion that making the name the same
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이름을 λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄
04:11
would make the experience of an actress the same
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μ—¬λ°°μš°μ˜ κ²½ν—˜λ„ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” ν™˜μƒμ€
04:14
would be humbug, really, and would just cover the cracks.
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정말 ν—ˆν’μΌ 뿐이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ· μ—΄.
04:17
Listen again and try to catch the expression she uses
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λ‹€μ‹œ 듀어보고 κ·Έλ…€κ°€
04:21
to describe how using 'actor' instead of 'actress' is just 'a superficial change' β€”
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'μ—¬λ°°μš°' λŒ€μ‹  ' 배우'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 단지 '피상적인 λ³€ν™”', 즉
04:27
a change on the surface of things.
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사물 ν‘œλ©΄μ˜ λ³€ν™”μž„μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
04:29
These are just attitudes of custom and habit, aren't they,
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이것은 단지 κ΄€μŠ΅κ³Ό μŠ΅κ΄€μ˜ νƒœλ„μΌ 뿐인데,
04:32
what words we use, on one hand?
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ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 단어가 μ•„λ‹Œκ°€?
04:34
On the other hand, I think the experience of being an actress
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λ°˜λ©΄μ—, λ°°μš°λ‘œμ„œμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ€ λ°°μš°λ‘œμ„œμ˜ κ²½ν—˜κ³Ό
04:37
is so fundamentally different to being an actor
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근본적으둜 λ‹€λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:41
that any illusion that making the name the same
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이름을 λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄
04:44
would make the experience of an actress the same
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μ—¬λ°°μš°μ˜ κ²½ν—˜λ„ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” ν™˜μƒμ€
04:47
would be humbug, really, and would just cover the cracks.
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정말 ν—ˆν’μΌ 뿐이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ· μ—΄.
04:50
'Cover the cracks' β€” a superficial change.
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'ν‹ˆμ„ λ©”μš°λ‹€' β€” 피상적인 λ³€ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
Finally, Fiona Shaw explains
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ ν”Όμ˜€λ‚˜ μ‡ΌλŠ”
04:57
that there are so few parts for women to act that their lives are harder.
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여성이 μ—°κΈ°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 뢀뢄이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ μ–΄μ„œ 삢이 더 νž˜λ“€λ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν•œλ‹€.
05:01
So it's not degrading, in her view, to be called an actress β€”
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ²¬ν•΄λ‘œλŠ” 배우라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것이 κ΅΄μš•μ μΈ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°
05:06
there's no 'diminishment of status'.
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'μ§€μœ„μ˜ ν•˜λ½'도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
She says it's not a sign, or 'badge', of shame but a badge of
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 그것이 μˆ˜μΉ˜μ‹¬μ˜ ν‘œμ‹œλ‚˜ '배지'κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ '배지'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
In young actors' experience, there is one in eight parts for women β€”
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μ Šμ€ λ°°μš°λ“€μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ—¬μ„±μ˜ 역할은 8개 쀑 1κ°œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
I mean, one part for every eight parts there are for men.
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즉, λ‚¨μ„±μ˜ 역할은 8개 쀑 1κ°œλΌλŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:24
So a young actress's life is entirely different to an actor's
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ Šμ€ μ—¬λ°°μš°μ˜ 삢은 배우의 μ‚Άκ³Ό μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 배우라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 배우라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 데에
05:28
so I don't see any diminishment of status
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μ–΄λ–€ μ§€μœ„μ˜ ν•˜λ½λ„ μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€
05:30
in being called an actress as opposed to an actor.
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05:33
If anything, the badge of shame is the badge of pride,
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였히렀 μˆ˜μΉ˜μ‹¬μ˜ λ°°μ§€λŠ” μžλΆ€μ‹¬μ˜ λ°°μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
because it's a much tougher job!
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그것은 훨씬 더 νž˜λ“  일이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€!
05:38
So, Fiona Shaw says being called an actress is a 'badge of pride' β€”
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ Fiona ShawλŠ” 배우둜 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것이 'μžλΆ€μ‹¬μ˜ 휘μž₯', 즉
05:43
it's something to be proud of.
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μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œν•  일이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
Now, here's a list of the language we focused on in the programme today.
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자, 였늘 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§‘μ€‘ν•œ μ–Έμ–΄ λͺ©λ‘μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
Stigma,
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낙인,
05:51
connotation,
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내포, κ²½λ©Έ
05:53
pejorative,
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, 녀석
05:55
blokes,
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,
05:57
humbug,
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사기꾼,
05:58
diminishment of status,
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μ§€μœ„ μ €ν•˜,
06:01
badge of shame,
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μˆ˜μΉ˜μ‹¬μ˜ 휘μž₯,
06:03
badge of pride.
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μžλΆ€μ‹¬μ˜ 휘μž₯. λ‹€μŒλ²ˆμ—λŠ” BBC Learning English λ‹·μ»΄μ—μ„œ
06:06
More topical stories and language explanations next time
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ£Όμ œλ³„ 이야기 와 μ–Έμ–΄ μ„€λͺ…을 λ§Œλ‚˜λ³΄μ„Έμš”
06:09
at BBC Learning English dot com.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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