Grammar: Using 'what' to give emphasis - BBC English Masterclass

154,646 views ใƒป 2016-10-03

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, Sian here for BBC Learning English. In this video, we're going to look at some more
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, BBC Learning English์˜ ์‹œ์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:05
ways to give emphasis.
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.
00:11
Now, I've just got back from holiday and I'm gonna tell you all about it. But I'm gonna
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์ด์ œ ํœด๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ง‰ ๋Œ์•„์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:15
give you two versions of this story. Version number one will have normal sentence structure.
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 1์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Then version number 2 - I'm gonna add more emphasis. I'll do this by adding cleft sentences
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒ„์ „ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 2 - ๋” ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” '๋ฌด์—‡'์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:30
with 'what'. Listen carefully to the two versions of the story. How are they different? We'll
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. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ ๊นŒ?
00:37
find out afterwards.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
I had the worst holiday. We got to our hotel and realised that our room had been double
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜ธํ…”์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์ด ์ด์ค‘ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
booked, so they moved us to a different hotel in a different town. It was horrible, noisy
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ธํ…”๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
00:54
and dirty and there were insects everywhere. And the bathroom was awful. I touched the
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๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š•์‹ค์€ ๋”์ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กŒ๊ณ 
01:00
shower and it exploded and flooded the room.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋ฒ”๋žŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
I went to complain to the manager and he offered us another week there for free. I need a real holiday.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์„ ๋” ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
I had the worst holiday. So what happened was we got to the hotel and realised that
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํ…”์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:22
our room had been double booked, so what they did was move us to another hotel in another
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์ด ์ด์ค‘ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ธํ…”๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:28
town. It was horrible, noisy and dirty, but what I hated most was the insects everywhere.
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. ๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋”๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„์ฒ˜์— ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
And in the bathroom, all I did was touch the shower and it exploded, flooding the room.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
I went to complain to the manager and what he did was offer us another week there for
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์˜ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:48
free! What I need now is a holiday!
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! ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ํœด๊ฐ€!
01:55
OK, so when I emphasise nouns, I use this structure:
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
02:00
What + understood information + is/was + the information that I wanted to emphasise
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What + ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ์ •๋ณด + is/was + ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ •๋ณด
02:09
So, for example, instead of "I hated the insects," in the second version I said, "What I hated
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ„์ „์—์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ์–ด์š”" ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:17
most was the insects everywhere."
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๋„์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค."
02:20
Notice that even though it's plural, we use - normally use - 'was' here because we're
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๋น„๋ก ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:25
saying 'the thing I hated most was the insects everywhere.'
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Again, instead of "I need a holiday," to emphasise, I said, "What I need now is a holiday."
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, "ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Finally, you can also replace 'what' with 'all' meaning 'the only thing'. For example
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 'what'์„ ' ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” 'all'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
02:45
in the famous song, "All I want for Christmas is You."
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์ธ "All I want for Christmas is You"์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
To emphasise a verb, I use this structure:
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
02:58
What/All + subject + do/does/did + is/was + the verb we want to emphasise
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What/All + ์ฃผ์–ด + do/does/did + is/was + ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:09
So, instead of saying, "They moved us to another town," I said, "What they did was move us
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. "๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
03:16
to another town." So that highlights the verb. Again, we can use 'all' instead of 'what'
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, '์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ'์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'what' ๋Œ€์‹  'all'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:24
to say 'the only thing.' So for example, "I touched the shower and it broke," I emphasise
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, " ์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐ
03:31
using, "All I did was touch the shower and it broke."
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ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ "์ƒค์›Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Finally, to emphasise the whole sentence, we can use this structure:
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
What happens/happened + is/was + the clause that we want to emphasise
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What wants/happened + is/was + ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ˆ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
03:52
For example, I started my story with, "What happened was we got to the hotel and realised
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์ €๋Š” "๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ธํ…”์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด์„œ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
that our room had been double booked.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์ด ์ด์ค‘ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
OK, so this structure is really useful when you're writing because when we're writing,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์ •๋ง ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ
04:11
we can't stress or give intonation. It's also used a lot when we're speaking. But remember
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๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ต์–‘์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
04:18
to stress the key information. So not, "What I need now is a holiday," but, "What I NEED
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ " ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํœด์ผ"์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:24
now is a HOLIDAY."
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HOLIDAY" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
So go back, watch the video again and practise copying the sentences with stress. Now, what
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04:34
you need now is practice. So go to our website bbclearningenglish.com to practise the structure.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:42
Goodbye!
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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