Mushrooms: Medicine or myth? ⏲️ 6 Minute English

142,206 views ・ 2023-10-12

BBC Learning English


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00:07
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I am Neil. And I'm Beth.
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Do the names 'Lion's Mane' or 'Turkey Tail' mean anything to you, Neil?
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Lion's Mane and Turkey Tail?
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Sounds like things you might find in the zoo.
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Oh, good guess, but they are actually the names of mushrooms. Lion's Mane
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is a white, hairy mushroom found across Asia and Turkey Tail
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is a brown fan-shaped fungus which looks a bit like, well... a turkey's tail.
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But if you haven't already heard these names,
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you probably will soon,
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because these mushrooms are becoming popular as medicine.
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Throughout history,
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our ancestors used mushrooms as food,
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but also as medicine for physical problems and mental illnesses
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like depression. In the 21st century,
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this medicine is being rediscovered and marketed. Today
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mushrooms are big business. In 2021
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the global medicinal mushroom market was valued at 26 billion dollars
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and growing.
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But, how real are the supposed health benefits of mushrooms? In this programme,
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we'll be finding out along with some useful new vocabulary.
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But first,
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I have a question for you, Beth. Neither plant nor animal, mushrooms
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are mysterious and amazing things,
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but which of the following statements about mushrooms is actually true?
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a) most mushrooms are poisonous? b) some mushrooms can
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fly? or c) some mushrooms glow in the dark?
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I think some mushrooms glow in the dark.
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OK, Beth. We'll find out if that's true at the end of the programme.
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Scientific researcher Dr. Emily Leeming has been studying
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the medicinal properties of mushrooms for King's College London.
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She shared her discoveries with Sheila Dillon presenter of the BBC
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Radio Four programme, 'The Food Chain'.
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So, I think these mushrooms are very much having a moment
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right now. They're kind of labelled as 'super brain drugs',
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so, things are gonna potentially help with lessening anxiety,
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improving potentially depression.
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It's very much about these mind benefits that we're seeing the labels
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on the claims getting put out there.
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What do you think of those claims? I think that at the moment
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they seem to be quite overblown.
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We don't have as much evidence on humans at all.
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It's very limited.
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Dr. Leeming says that right now medicinal
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mushrooms are having a moment.
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If something is having a moment,
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It's very popular or fashionable at a particular time.
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Mushrooms are popular due to the claims
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about what they can do for example, reduce depression,
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a claim is a statement that something is true
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although it cannot be proved and others might not believe it.
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Dr. Leeming thinks some of the claims made about mushrooms
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are overblown, exaggerated to seem more significant than they really are.
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The problem is that to sell something as medicine,
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you need scientific proof of its benefits.
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You might feel less stressed after drinking chamomile tea,
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but that doesn't mean,
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you can legally call camomile a medicine,
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even though it has been used for centuries to help people relax.
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However, that hasn't discouraged
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many from experimenting,
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especially young people.
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Emma Clifford works for Food Research Organisation Mintel.
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Here, she discusses young people's attitude towards mushrooms for BBC
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Radio Four programme, The Food Chain:
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Lots of people absolutely want there to be
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scientific proof for health claims on food and drink
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because there still is a fair amount of scepticism, distrust
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and general confusion around functionality.
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However, I also think that for many consumers
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the medicinal properties of certain ingredients,
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based on natural and holistic ancient wisdom may be just as compelling,
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if not more so, than knowledge based on modern science and clinical trials,
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and I think many people, young people in particular,
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they're just really intrigued to give these ingredients a go.
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People want
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scientific evidence that what they are taking is good for them.
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But many are also convinced by ancient wisdom,
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a phrase referring to knowledge,
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philosophy and beliefs that existed before the arrival of Christianity
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in Europe. Ancient knowledge about medicinal plants has been kept alive
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and some trust this wisdom
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more than modern medicine.
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Young people are especially prepared to give mushrooms a go.
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If you give something a go,
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you try doing something to see if you like it.
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They are intrigued about mushrooms -
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they find them interesting and want to know more, which is not surprising,
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given some of the amazing things
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mushrooms can do. I think
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it's time to reveal the answer to your question, Neil.
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I guessed one of the amazing things
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some mushrooms can do is glow in the dark.
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That was, Beth,
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the correct answer. About eighty species of fungi
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are bioluminescent meaning they really do glow in the dark.
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary
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we've learned in this programme, starting with 'having a moment' -
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a phrase meaning to be popular or fashionable at a particular time.
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A 'claim' is a statement that something is true or a fact,
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although it cannot be proved and others might not believe it.
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The adjective 'overblown' means exaggerated to seem bigger
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or more important than it really is.
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In Britain, the phrase 'ancient wisdom' describes Pagan knowledge,
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philosophy and beliefs that existed before Christianity.
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If you give something a go,
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you try doing something to see if you like it.
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And finally, when someone is intrigued by something strange or mysterious.
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They're very interested and want to know more.
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Join us next time for more new, useful vocabulary here at 6 Minute
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English. Goodbye for now.
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Bye.
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