BOX SET: 6 Minute English - 'Rich world, poor world' English mega-class! 30 minutes of new vocab!

7,195 views ・ 2024-12-22

BBC Learning English


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6 Minute English.
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From BBC Learning English.
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Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Rob.
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And I'm Neil. Hello.
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Hello, Neil! You look very pleased today, Neil.
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I am pleased. I just moved into my new flat!
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OK, fantastic! Congratulations! So where is this new flat?
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It's in the city.
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It's a one-bed flat so it's 'bijou' — meaning 'small but attractive'.
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There's a balcony, I've got a couple of deckchairs, and a barbecue!
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Mm, I can't wait to see it. It sounds perfect.
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Well, today we're discussing housing and why, in some buildings,
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there are separate entrances for rich and poor residents!
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So, are you ready for today's quiz question, Neil?
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I'm all ears.
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OK, so you mean you're listening carefully.
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— I am. — Right.
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What does 'social housing' mean?
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Is it housing for people who a) want to buy or rent at a low price?
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b) who want to live together sharing facilities?
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Or c) who aren't able to pay any rent at all?
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OK, I think the answer is a) to buy or rent at a low price.
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OK. Well, we'll see if you're right or wrong later on in the programme.
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So, have you met your neighbours yet, Neil?
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Yes, I bumped into one couple as I was leaving for work this morning.
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I see. 'Bump into' means 'to meet somebody by chance'. So were they friendly?
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Well, they complained about me blocking the communal area with my bike
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and also about my guitar playing.
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But apart from that, they seemed nice!
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A 'communal area' is 'an area that's shared by a number of people'.
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Well, I hate to say it, Neil, but your guitar playing is annoying!
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Oh, Rob, genius isn't appreciated here, I think.
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OK, let's listen to the journalist Tom Bateman talking about rich and poor doors.
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In front of us here is a 20-storey building, right above me.
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It's got tinted blue glass windows and balconies on every floor,
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as you look from the street, and there is a very plush foyer.
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A sign in the window says 'luxurious penthouses with spectacular views.'
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But this is what the journalist, Tom Bateman, saw
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when he went round the other side of the same building.
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So, as you come down the side of the building, you can see the windows —
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quite small windows — of the flats above here, certainly no balconies,
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just a big grey concrete wall,
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as you walk down an alleyway towards the other door.
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So, this building has one entrance with a 'plush' —
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or 'expensive and luxurious' — foyer.
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And 'foyer' means 'entrance hall'.
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Then there's another entrance,
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down an 'alleyway' — or 'narrow passage between the buildings'.
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This entrance leads to flats with small windows and no balconies. Why's that, Rob?
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That's because the alleyway entrance is the so-called 'poor door'.
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There's no swanky foyer or tinted glass windows for these residents,
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because they pay less rent than the people living in the apartments at the front.
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'Swanky' means 'something fashionable and expensive
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'that's designed to impress people'.
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And 'tinted glass' is 'coloured glass', so people can't look through your windows.
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That sounds useful! Do you have tinted glass windows, Neil?
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Er, no, I don't. Tinted sunglasses are all that I can afford.
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So, what do people think
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about having a rich and poor door for the same building, Rob?
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Well, some people think it's terrible.
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They say it's 'segregation' —
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or 'separation and different treatment of people' —
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and I can't believe the poor-door people put up with it really!
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'To put up with something' means to accept something that's annoying
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without complaining about it.
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The thing is, though, the poor-door people don't pay nearly as much rent
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and they don't have to pay the same service charges
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that the rich-door people pay.
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A 'service charge' is 'an amount of money you pay
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'to the owner of an apartment building for things like putting out the rubbish'.
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Well, let's listen to an experience of a poor-door resident.
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We can't use the lift, because it's for the rich people.
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So whenever the door's open, I use it, yeah?
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So they try and tell me off, yeah, for using it.
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I said, "Here, come, take me to court — I don't mind".
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So what has Abdul been doing that the rich-door residents don't like, Rob?
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Well, he's been using their lift, because it's near his apartment door.
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And what does Abdul mean when he says, "Come, take me to court"?
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He's inviting the rich-door residents to take legal action against him,
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but Abdul doesn't really think he's doing anything wrong.
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OK, it's time to hear the answer to today's quiz question.
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Yes. What does 'social housing' mean?
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Is it flats or houses for people a) who want to buy or rent at a low price?
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b) who want to live together, sharing facilities?
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Or c) who aren't able to pay any rent at all?
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And I said a) to buy or rent at a low price.
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And you were right! So well done for that, Neil.
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Now, shall we listen to the words we've learned on today's programme?
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Good idea. We heard...
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bijoux,
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bump into,
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communal area,
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plush,
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foyer,
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alleyway,
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swanky,
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tinted,
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segregation,
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to put up with something,
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service charge.
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Thank you. Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute English.
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I hope you felt at home with us on today's programme! Please join us again soon.
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— Bye-bye. — Goodbye.
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6 Minute English.
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From BBC Learning English.
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Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English,
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the programme where we bring you an interesting topic
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and six items of vocabulary. I'm Neil.
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And I'm Catherine.
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Today, we're taking a look into the lives of the superrich
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and we're going to look at one of their favourite pastimes.
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The superrich are people with over $30 million of assets.
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Ooh, now, 'assets' are 'things we can own and sell —
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'like property, boats and private planes'.
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Expensive toys. First things first, let's do our question, Catherine.
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In which country is the percentage of superrich
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expected to grow fastest over the next ten years?
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Is it a) China? b) Brazil? Or c) Vietnam?
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I'm going to go for Vietnam.
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I think that's an up-and-coming country
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and I think there is going to be a lot of growth in wealth in the future.
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OK, well we'll find out if you're right or wrong later.
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The number of superrich are expected to increase by 43% over the next decade.
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Now, this doesn't mean income is rising at the same speed for everyone.
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You might remember a report last year
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which said the world's richest 62 individuals
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owned as much as the poorest 50% of people in the whole world.
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So, my question is what on earth do people with so much money spend it on?
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One academic in the UK has been researching just that.
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And her answer is, Neil?
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Yachts!
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A 'yacht' — 'a luxury boat used for pleasure'.
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The ultimate 'status symbol' —
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that is 'an item which allows you to show off your wealth and position in society'.
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Let's listen to Emma Spence from Cardiff University in the UK.
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What's so unusual about yachts?
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If you have an exclusive wine collection or art collection
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or even the purchase of a business jet, these are investable assets,
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something that you can retain value or accrue value on.
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A business jet, a private jet, can cut costs
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and make businesses more convenient
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by running faster, more comfortably, than commercial airlines.
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So these purchases, they make good, sound business sense,
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whereas a superyacht is essentially a black hole.
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Before we get to the yacht, Emma talked about certain assets,
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like planes and wine, that made business sense.
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Now, to 'make sense' is a phrase you'll be familiar with,
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so if we say something 'makes business sense', it means 'it's good for business'.
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But yachts are different.
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Yachts, and especially what she calls superyachts, actually lose money.
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So much so, she calls a superyacht a black hole of wealth.
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Now, a 'black hole', in scientific terms,
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is 'a place where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape — not even light'.
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So, in business terms, a black hole eats all your money!
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It's also used conversationally to mean 'a place where things go missing'.
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These superyachts are big. The world's longest is 180m in length.
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And they require a professional crew, which is how Emma began her study —
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she used to work on the yachts.
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She's now spent six years studying the world of superyachts and the superrich.
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So, what else did she learn?
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She says that in the world of the superrich,
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the size of your yacht shows your place in the pecking order.
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And the 'pecking order' means
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'the social system from most powerful to least powerful'.
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If you're higher up in the yachting pecking order,
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you get the best place in the harbour,
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which is very important to yacht owners, apparently.
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Apparently so. It's all about seeing and being seen.
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You could actually say that yachts are the ultimate form of conspicuous consumption.
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Now that's another great term —
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'conspicuous' means 'visible or noticeable'
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and 'consumption' means 'spending'.
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So, the phrase 'conspicuous consumption'
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refers to the kind of buying you do so that other people notice your money.
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Before we sail off into the sunset, Catherine,
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how about we answer today's question?
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I said that Vietnam is the country in which the percentage of superrich
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is expected to grow fastest over the next ten years.
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Well, I'm very pleased to say that you were right.
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— Yay! — It was, in fact, Vietnam.
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According to this same report by Knight Frank, the population of ultra wealthy
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is expected to grow by a staggering 170% in the next decade.
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Now, how about we have another look at the wealth of vocabulary in this programme?
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Very good. We started with 'assets'. Here, it means 'things we can buy or sell'.
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What are your assets?
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Oh, you know, my diamond rings, my bike, my laptop.
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I'm not like you though, Neil, I don't live in an expensive mansion —
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that would be a real status symbol!
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And if only that were true, but it's a good example.
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A status symbol is a possession that shows off our wealth and our place in society.
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Yep, and we had the phrase to 'make business sense' —
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in other words 'to be good for business'.
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We could also say that a particular policy 'makes economic sense'.
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Or I could say investing wisely 'makes financial sense'.
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Not like yachts which are expensive to buy and run.
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In fact, they're a 'black hole' for our money.
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Now, did you know that our next phrase, 'pecking order',
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actually comes from chicken behaviour?
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And finally, the phrase 'conspicuous consumption'.
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For example, you could say that dining at the finest restaurants,
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wearing expensive clothes is 'conspicuous consumption'.
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And to clear up two similar phrases —
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a 'status symbol' refers to the object itself, like a luxury car,
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whereas 'conspicuous consumption' refers to the act of spending money
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on things like expensive cars,
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but you're spending money so that other people notice.
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Do check us out on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.
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— Goodbye! — Bye!
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6 Minute English.
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From BBC Learning English.
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Hello, I'm Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English.
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With me today is Harry. Hello, Harry.
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Hello, Rob!
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Well, in this programme we're talking about wealth.
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The world is getting richer, Harry.
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Really? How come?
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Well, according to recent data,
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the number of people living in extreme poverty has halved in recent decades.
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More people own a car and a mobile phone.
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So, that's all very good news.
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More people can have a good standard of living.
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'Standard of living' is what we call
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'the amount of money and quality of life people have in a particular society'.
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People in general may have a better life,
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but there's still a lot of inequality in different countries.
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'Inequality' — in other words,
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'some people have a lot of money and opportunities and others just don't'.
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So, individual governments have to find a way of reducing this inequality,
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to allow more people to have the opportunity to improve their lives.
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Yes. In this programme we're talking about the gap between rich and poor
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and you'll learn some words which will help you discuss this topic
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or read about it in the news. And now our quiz, Harry.
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Ah, the legendary quiz! I'm ready!
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Good. Right. A recent report by Oxfam and Credit Suisse
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revealed how divided we all are when it comes to wealth.
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A lot of the wealth in the world is in the hands of very few people.
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That's what I'm going to ask you about today, Harry.
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How much of the global wealth is owned by the richest 1%?
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Is it a) 38%?
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b) 48%? Or c) 58%?
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Well, it's only 1% of the population, so I would have to guess the lower one, 38%.
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Surely they can't own more than that!
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Well, we'll see if you've got the right answer at the end of the programme.
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Now, let's talk about rich and poor.
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As we said, experts have concluded that more people are living better,
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when you look at the world as a whole,
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but, in individual countries, you can find people with hardly anything to eat.
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And others with lots of houses, cars, land and so on.
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So, Rob, how can this situation be reversed?
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Well, David Bryer from Oxfam mentions a country which has achieved some success
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in trying to make the poor less poor.
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He's talking about Brazil.
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Listen to what Bryer says and tell me what are the two words he uses
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meaning 'the least money people are paid for the work they do'?
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There are examples we can look to
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where countries are managing to reduce the gap between the superrich and the rest.
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Brazil has historically very high levels of economic inequality
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and they've been taking just some really sensible measures —
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measures around having more progressive tax,
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around investing in a higher minimum wage,
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investing in essential public services, you know,
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there's things that all governments can do that start to reverse this tide.
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So David Bryer talks about a 'minimum wage'.
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That's the least a worker receives in payment for work they've done.
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He meant that if people are paid a higher minimum wage, they can eat better,
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seek a better education,
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and their children can have a better job in the future.
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They can be lifted out of poverty.
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And the economy can grow.
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More people with more money buy more things and factories produce more.
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A factory which produces more will need more workers, so more jobs for all.
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Right. Another measure by the Brazilian government,
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which is mentioned by the representative from Oxfam, has to do with tax.
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Tax is the amount of money you pay to the government
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depending on your salary and the cost of things you buy.
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But we have to admit this, Rob, taxes are not popular.
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That's true.
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Many people don't like paying tax,
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because they don't receive an immediate benefit from it.
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Some very rich people try to pay as little as possible.
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But one billionaire who thinks it's important to pay and create conditions
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for governments to fight poverty is Bill Gates.
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The founder of Microsoft earned a lot of money, retired and, with his wife Melinda,
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created a foundation to help the poor.
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The BBC asked him what the very rich have to do to help reduce poverty.
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Let's listen to his answer. What does he say rich people have to be?
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The word's an adjective.
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Well, their obligation, of course, is to pay their taxes,
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but our advice to them is that they all look at taking their wealth
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and being philanthropic,
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both in their own country and to help the global poorest.
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That's a full-time work Melinda and I do.
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We find it very fulfilling, we love seeing the progress.
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So rich people have to be 'philanthropic'.
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It means they have to help poor people by giving their money.
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And he says he and his wife find this giving to the poor 'fulfilling',
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in other words, 'it makes them happy and satisfied'.
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Well, that's his message to the very, very, very, very rich in the world!
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To the 1%.
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The 1%! Well, you want the answer to my quiz question now, don't you?
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Yes. You asked me how much of the global wealth
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is owned by the richest 1% of the world's population.
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And the options I gave you were 38%, 48% or 58%.
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And I guessed 38%,
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based on the fact that I couldn't imagine them owning more than that.
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I like your thinking, Harry,
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but I'm afraid the correct answer is actually b) 48%.
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The wealthiest 1% will soon own more than the rest of the world's population —
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that's according to a study by anti-poverty charity Oxfam.
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I think it's truly shocking that such a small number of people can own so much.
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You're right. It's an amazing statistic.
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OK, well, we're almost out of time,
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but let's remind ourselves of some of the words that we've said today, Harry.
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Standard of living,
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inequality,
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minimum wage,
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tax,
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philanthropic,
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fulfilling.
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Well, that's it for today.
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Do log on to BBC Learning English dot com to find more 6 Minute English programmes.
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Until next time, goodbye!
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Goodbye!
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6 Minute English.
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From BBC Learning English.
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Hello, I'm Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute English.
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And with me in the studio today is Neil.
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Hello, Rob.
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Today we're going to talk about the cost of keeping people healthy.
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The price of life-saving vaccines has 'escalated' — it's 'gone up' —
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and some of the world's poorer countries are struggling to immunise children —
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to 'immunise', in other words, 'to prevent children from catching diseases'.
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Yes, the organisation Médecins Sans Frontières
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is criticising the pharmaceutical companies which produce the vaccines.
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Médecins Sans Frontières is a well-known charity.
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A 'charity' is 'an organisation set up to help and raise money for people in need'.
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We're going to talk about the cost of vaccines and you'll learn some words
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you can use to discuss the topic yourself or to follow the news.
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— But first, a question, Neil. — Yes.
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The first laboratory-developed vaccine was produced in 1879.
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The vaccine was against an animal disease called chicken cholera.
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Who was the scientist behind it?
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Was it a) Alexander Fleming?
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b) Albert Sabin? Or c) Louis Pasteur?
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Well, I don't know, but I'm going to guess.
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Probably not a) because Fleming discovered penicillin.
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Probably not c) cos Pasteur did pasteurisation.
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I'm gonna go for b).
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OK. It sounds like you know your vaccines.
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Well, we'll have the answer to that question at the end of the programme.
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Now, let's talk about the controversy behind these life-saving vaccines.
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On one side we have a charity and on the other side, the drug companies.
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Which vaccines are they talking about?
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Well, they're talking about vaccines which prevent diseases,
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such as tuberculosis, measles, diphtheria and polio.
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According to Médecins Sans Frontières,
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between 2001 and 2014, there was a 68-fold increase in vaccine prices.
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Well, that is a lot!
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It certainly is.
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And the group says that there are particular cases
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in which rich western countries are actually getting vaccines
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at a cheaper rate than poorer countries.
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That's what Médecins Sans Frontières says,
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and they're asking for more transparency around prices.
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'Transparency' means 'clarity, something done in an open way, without secrets'.
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Yes, they want to know the cost of the vaccines.
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Let's hear what Rohit Malpani from Médecins Sans Frontières has to say.
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See if you can spot the expression Malpani uses
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to describe how high the price of the vaccine is for some countries.
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This is all a black box.
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It's a black box in terms of the price they are charging
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to most countries around the world, so they're often charging prices
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that are wildly out of proportion with their ability to pay.
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You have Morocco and Tunisia now
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that are paying higher prices than France for the pneumococcal vaccine.
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20:59
We also simply do not know the cost of production
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and if GlaxoSmithKline says that it costs more than what we are saying it does,
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then they should simply submit to some sort of audit
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21:08
to ensure that we can verify the cost of production.
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The expression which describes the relationship
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21:14
between the price asked and the ability to pay is 'out of proportion'.
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21:19
It means it's 'unrealistic or exaggerated'.
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21:23
And Malpani from Médecins Sans Frontières says that Morocco and Tunisia
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21:28
are paying more than France — a much richer country — for a particular vaccine.
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And his organisation wants transparency.
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21:35
They want to be able to verify the cost of production.
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21:38
To 'verify' means to 'confirm that something is really true'
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21:42
and they want the drug company to confirm that the cost to produce the vaccines
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is really as high as they say it is.
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Well, at this point, we have to hear what the companies say.
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Yes, because they argue that they already sell these vaccines at a 'discount',
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in other words, 'at a reduced price'.
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21:58
Yes, they do.
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GlaxoSmithKline says that around 80% of all their vaccines,
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including the one mentioned by Malpani,
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are provided to developing countries at a substantial discount.
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22:11
And the company adds that the pneumococcal vaccine is one of the most complex
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they've ever manufactured, because it combines ten vaccines in one.
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22:21
Yes. On one hand, vaccines take many years of research
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22:24
and these companies want to make a profit,
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which means to sell the product for more than it costs to make it.
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22:30
But on the other hand, the lack of vaccines can kill people
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and it's really very sad to see people dying of diseases which can be prevented.
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Some vaccines may be very affordable for a person in a rich country.
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22:43
But they might cost a fortune to someone in a poor country.
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22:47
This is a very complex problem
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and I'm sure we will talk about this again in the future.
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But now, let's go back to the quiz question, Neil.
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You asked about the first vaccine developed in a laboratory.
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22:59
Yes, I did. The first laboratory-developed vaccine was produced in 1879.
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23:04
It was a vaccine for the animal disease called chicken cholera.
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23:08
I wanted to know the name of the scientist who developed it.
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Was it Alexander Fleming, Albert Sabin or Louis Pasteur?
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And I said b) Albert Sabin.
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— And you were wrong! — Ah!
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The correct answer is c) Louis Pasteur, who was a French microbiologist.
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Now, Neil, the option you chose, the American scientist, Albert Sabin,
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in fact developed an oral vaccine against polio in the 1950s — still very useful.
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And Alexander Fleming from Scotland did indeed discover penicillin, as you said.
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Well, that is interesting and I'm a bit disappointed that I got it wrong actually.
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23:45
OK. Well, that's it for this programme.
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Now let's remember some of the words we used today, Neil.
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To immunise,
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charity,
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transparency,
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23:57
out of proportion,
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23:59
to verify,
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24:01
discount,
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24:03
to make a profit.
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24:06
Thank you. That's it for today.
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24:08
Do log on to BBC Learning English dot com to find more 6 Minute English programmes.
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24:12
Until next time, goodbye!
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24:14
Goodbye!
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24:16
6 Minute English.
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24:17
From BBC Learning English.
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Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Finn, and Rob's here too.
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— Yes, hello. — Hi.
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Rob, tell me, do you have a spare room in your house?
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24:32
— Absolutely not. — No spare space?
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No, we are full to capacity in our house.
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24:37
What about a driveway for your car?
440
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24:40
A 'driveway' — so you mean 'a parking space off the road' at my house?
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24:44
— Yes. — Well, not exactly a driveway,
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24:46
but yes, I do have a parking space, yes.
443
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24:48
OK, well, both of these are ways of making money in the 'sharing economy'.
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24:55
Interested?
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24:56
— Mm-hm. — Mm-hm.
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24:57
Well, we'll be talking about this new economy in the programme,
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25:00
and learning some language related to making money.
448
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25:04
But first, a question.
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Great. I don't have to pay for it do I?
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It's a free question, with no prize either.
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25:12
In February 2014, Britain's most expensive parking space went on sale,
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25:19
but for how much?
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Was it a) £80,000?
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25:24
b) £100,000?
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25:27
Or c) £400,000?
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25:30
Mm, well, it's, it's just a parking space, isn't it?
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25:34
So I'm going to go for the lowest value, £80,000.
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25:37
£80,000 — still a lot of money.
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25:39
We'll find out if that's the right answer at the end of the programme.
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25:42
But first, let's find out a bit more about this sharing economy.
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Rob, are you feeling the pinch?
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'Feeling the pinch' — you mean 'feeling poor'.
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Well, yes, I'm always feeling the pinch.
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25:55
So come on, Finn, tell us how we can make some money.
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25:57
OK, well, perhaps the best-known example
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26:01
of a company in the sharing economy is Airbnb.
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26:05
Now, it's an American web business
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26:08
which allows you to rent out your spare room to holidaymakers.
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26:12
OK. 'Holidaymakers' — so these are 'people on holiday'.
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26:16
So, using your spare room as a 'B & B' — that's a 'bed and breakfast'?
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26:20
Yes, well, yes, you can provide breakfast for your guests too.
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26:24
That sounds like a clever way to make a few pennies.
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26:28
Yes, to 'make a few pennies' — to 'make a bit of extra money''.
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26:31
OK, well, Airbnb say they operate in 34,000 cities
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26:35
and have 800,000 listings of rooms and apartments.
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26:39
In fact, we could say they're the 'market-leader' in this industry —
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26:43
'the main, most successful company'.
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Mm, there are many companies, of course, doing very similar things.
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26:49
And one doing something with parking spaces is JustPark.
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26:54
Now, it's a British business that lets you rent out your driveway or parking space.
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26:58
Ah, another way to 'make money on the side' —
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27:01
which means to 'make some extra money in addition to your normal job'.
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27:04
We're going to hear from the founder of JustPark now, Anthony Eskinazi.
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27:09
Where did the idea for the business come from?
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27:12
When I had the original idea, I spotted a driveway close to a sports stadium.
486
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27:16
It would have been so convenient if I could have just parked in that driveway,
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27:19
rather than in the commercial car park.
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So, Anthony said that he got the idea when trying to park near a stadium.
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27:26
He said he saw a driveway.
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27:28
He thought it would be more convenient to just park there
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27:30
than in a 'commercial car park' — 'a normal one which makes money'.
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27:34
So he set up this site.
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And around 20,000 people have put their spaces on the site,
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27:42
and he says around half a million drivers use it.
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27:46
Mm, Now, interestingly, a church near King's Cross in central London
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has apparently made over £200,000
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27:53
by renting out space in its yard to travellers!
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27:56
And of course there are other sites doing very similar things, like Uber and Lyft.
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Now, these let drivers share their cars with other passengers.
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28:06
And there's even a company in Hong Kong
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which lets you share space under your umbrella when it rains!
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28:13
That sounds like one, Rob, for 'a rainy day'.
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— Haha, very good. — Sorry.
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'An idea to store away until you need it'.
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But I do have a question.
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What about the people who run things like traditional B & Bs
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28:25
or commercial car parks or taxi services, things like that?
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28:29
Won't they be out of pocket?
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'Out of pocket', yes — 'lose money'.
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Many of them are out of pocket and are not happy about this.
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28:38
And there is another issue, 'regulations' — or 'laws'.
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Listen to the editor of Tech City News, Alex Wood.
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Why are regulations for these new businesses unclear?
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28:50
Take the example of someone that has a driveway in their house.
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28:53
They've got some spare capacity there — they're looking to make some more money.
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28:57
But how does that affect their neighbours?
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How does that affect the council and the regulation and the rules around them?
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29:02
Because this is a new business world, those rules aren't there yet.
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29:05
Well, he says they're unclear, because the rules aren't there yet,
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because it's a whole new business world.
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29:11
In fact, Airbnb has had problems with the law.
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29:15
But, in a time when the economy is doing badly,
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29:18
these businesses seem to be 'thriving' — 'doing really well' —
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29:21
and provide an extra source of income for many people.
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29:25
That's right. Many are benefiting from this new economy,
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29:28
but others are out of pocket. That's business. Rob, what about us?
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29:33
Could you maybe make some money from this sharing economy?
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29:37
You could rent out your bike — your lovely folding bike — while you're at work?
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— That's a really good idea! — Yeah.
530
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29:42
It's kind of a downtime, the bike's not being used, so why not!
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Absolutely.
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29:46
Anyway, how about the answer to today's question?
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29:49
Yes, earlier I asked you about the most expensive parking space
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4000
29:53
ever to go on sale in London.
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29:55
How much was it on sale for?
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29:57
Well, I had a guess and I said £80,000.
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30:00
— Well, you were completely wrong. — Ah.
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30:02
It was the most expensive one, £400,000.
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30:06
No way! For a parking space!
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30:08
Yes, it was a space in London, in Kensington,
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30:11
and it went on sale for £400,000,
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30:14
which is over twice the price of the average UK house.
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30:18
— Yes. — So very expensive!
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30:20
Anyway, Rob, before we go any further, how about those words again?
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30:24
OK, the words we've heard today were:
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30:27
driveway,
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30:29
feeling the pinch,
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30:31
holidaymakers,
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30:34
make a few pennies,
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30:37
on the side,
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30:40
market leader,
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30:43
one for a rainy day,
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30:46
out of pocket,
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30:49
regulations,
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30:52
thriving,
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30:54
source of income.
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30:56
Thank you, Rob. And that's it for today.
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30:58
If you want to listen to more programmes like this one,
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2440
31:01
visit our site, BBC Learning English dot com.
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31:05
— Bye-bye. — Bye.
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31:06
6 Minute English.
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31:08
From BBC Learning English.
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About this website

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