English Rewind - 6 Minute English: Disappearing words

63,203 views ・ 2024-01-09

BBC Learning English


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Hello! This is a programme from the BBC Learning English archive.
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It was first broadcast in March 2009 on the BBC Learning English website.
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We hope you enjoy it.
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This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English dot com.
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Hello, I'm Kate Colin and this is 6 Minute English
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and thanks to Jackie Dalton for joining me today.
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Good morrow, Jackie!
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Er, pardon?
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Good morrow! I beseech thee, whence comest thou?
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Um.
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Don't worry, I didn't expect you to understand that.
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I'm speaking in 'Old English'.
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What I said was the equivalent of saying, 'Good morning. Where do you come from?'
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using words which were in use a few hundred years ago
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and that we don't use any longer.
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Hello, Kate.
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Yes, English is a language which is evolving all the time.
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So this means that there are new words continuously appearing
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and older words are disappearing.
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I didn't understand the Old English you started the programme with,
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because you were using words which we no longer use in everyday speech.
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Exactly. So, as you might have guessed,
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the topic we'll be discussing is language and how it evolves and develops.
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So, Jackie, as usual,
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— I have a question for you. — OK.
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Some of the oldest English-sounding words date back how many years?
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Is it a) 1,000 years? b) 20,000 years? Or c) 500 years?
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Well, I suspect it was quite a long time ago,
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so I'm going to say 20,000 years.
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OK, well, we'll check your answer at the end of the programme.
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But, first, we're going to hear part of an interview with a scientist
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who's been using a special computer
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to study our use of words and their evolution through time.
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Can you tell us what 'evolution' means?
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Yes, 'evolution'. It's similar to the word 'evolving', which I explained earlier.
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'Evolution' is the gradual process of change and development,
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over a long period of time,
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and in this context it refers to language
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and how it develops and changes over the years.
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OK. Well, let's listen and see if you can hear
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which words he thinks are some of the oldest in the English language.
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Well, we've be able to discover that the numbers two and three and five
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and the pronoun 'I' and 'who', those are the oldest words in the English language.
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So, Jackie, did you get that?
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Yes, he said that the oldest words were 'two', 'three' and 'five'
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and the pronoun 'I' and the word 'who'.
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That's correct!
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It's hard to believe that some of the words we use every day
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are, in fact, extremely old.
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Back to our scientist.
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As well as thinking about words that have been in use for many years,
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he also predicts which words may eventually become extinct.
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Jackie, what does 'predict' mean?
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To 'predict' is to say what you think will happen in the future,
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especially as a result of having prior knowledge or experience.
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For example, it's cloudy outside today, so I predict that it's going to rain later.
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And 'extinct', what does 'extinct' mean?
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To become 'extinct' means to be no longer in existence
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or you can use the phrasal verb 'to die out'.
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The word is often used when talking about a tribe of people or a type of animal
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which has 'died out', for example, the dinosaurs have become 'extinct'.
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So our scientist predicts which words are likely to become extinct.
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He does this by finding out how quickly different words evolve or develop
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and are replaced by other words with the same meaning.
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Now, let's listen to the next extract.
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Which words does he predict might become extinct?
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We can make some guesses as to what words might next go extinct.
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So for example the word 'dirty' seems to have the highest rate of change
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and so we might predict that sometime in the next 750 years,
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that word will be lost.
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He said the word 'dirty' may become lost or become extinct in the future.
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This is because it's being replaced quite quickly
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— by other words that mean the same thing. — That's right,
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and we'll be hearing some more about his theory of why words come and go,
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but first a look at some of the vocabulary we'll come across.
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He uses the word 'frequency'. What does 'frequency' mean?
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This is how often something happens,
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so the frequency with which a word is used means how often the word is used.
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And 'common everyday speech'?
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This is the language that we use most frequently.
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And what about the word 'predictor'?
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A 'predictor' is something which can help us predict
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or say what will happen in the future.
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And finally, 'retained'?
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'Retained' means 'to keep',
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so if a word is retained, it means we'll continue to use it.
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Thanks, well, let's listen to the final extract.
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What we've discovered is that the frequency
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with which words are used in our common everyday speech,
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is a strong predictor of whether or not they'll be retained.
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So he says the words we use most often
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are the most likely to still be in use in the future.
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The most common words tend to be the oldest ones!
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That's correct and you might like to know that the other words
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he predicts may become extinct are 'squeeze and 'guts'.
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Let's go over some words which we came across in the programme today.
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We had 'evolution', which means 'the gradual process of change and development
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over a long period of time'.
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Then we had 'extinct',
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which means 'to be no longer in existence or to have died out',
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'predict', to say what you think will happen,
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'frequency', how often something happens,
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'common everyday speech', the language that we use most frequently,
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'predictor', something which can help us predict
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or say what will happen in the future,
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and finally, 'retained', which is 'to keep or be continued'.
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Thanks, Jackie, and just before we finish for this week,
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let's see if you got the answer to my question correct.
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I asked about some of the oldest English-sounding words
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and how old you thought some of them were.
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I think I said 20,000 years old.
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— And you were correct! — Hooray!
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The oldest English-sounding words were used by humans over 20,000 years ago.
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Incredible to think that our Stone Age ancestors
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were using similar-sounding words all those years ago.
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That's all we have time for today. Until next time,
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— goodbye. — Goodbye.
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