Can we boost the immune system? ⏲️ 6 Minute English

63,940 views ・ 2025-03-27

BBC Learning English


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00:07
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Georgie and I'm Neil.
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In this programme we're talking about the immune system,
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which is the body's natural defence against getting ill.
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Now, Georgie, is there anything you do to boost your immune system?
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Yes. I try to eat lots of oranges, which apparently have lots of vitamin C,
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and there are lots of things people do to try to improve their immune system
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and stay healthier, like eating certain foods, taking vitamins,
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or even activities like swimming in cold water.
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We'll find out how useful some of these techniques are in today's programme.
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But first, Georgie, a question.
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We all know the common cold,
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now that's the illness that makes you cough and sneeze,
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have a sore throat and headache.
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But how many colds does the average adult get in the UK each year?
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Is it a) 2-3, b) 4-5 or c) 7-8?
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Eight would be a lot.
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I'm going to go with a) 2-3 colds a year.
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Well, we'll find out at the end of the programme
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if you're right.
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Now, many people can become ill over the winter
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with diseases like colds, flu and Covid-19.
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Host of BBC Radio 4 programme 'Inside Health'
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James Gallagher gathered some experts to talk about immune systems,
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and he started off by asking whether they'd had more illnesses than usual
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this winter. Hello?
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Hi. Right.
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How has everyone been this winter?
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Because I've had a rotten one and I have felt constantly ill
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since about November. John?
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I have not had anything yet - touch wood!
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OK, let's see what I can infect you with by the end of the show. Margaret?
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I was pretty unwell in September.
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I had what I presume to be Covid, but I've been alright since,
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mild snuffles aside.
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Eleanor, I really need someone to back me up.
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Uh, no, sorry, I've been absolutely 100% tickety-boo.
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Unlike James, Professor John Tregoning hasn't been ill.
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John uses the expression 'touch wood', which is an informal phrase
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said in order to avoid bad luck.
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Doctor Margaret McCartney was unwell in September but
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has only had a few snuffles since.
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Snuffles is an informal word used to describe minor illnesses that affect your nose.
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We can also say sniffles.
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Host James is surprised that nobody has been ill
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and says to Professor Eleanor Riley, "back me up".
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If you ask someone to back you up,
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you're asking for them to say something which supports your opinion.
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But Eleanor has had a healthy winter, too.
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She's been tickety-boo, which is an informal phrase meaning
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everything's fine or in good order.
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Throughout the winter, many people try different techniques,
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like taking supplements or eating certain foods to boost
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their immune system to improve their body's natural defences against disease.
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Host of BBC Radio Four's Inside Health, James Gallagher,
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asks doctor Margaret McCartney whether some of these products are successful.
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Okay, quick-fire round, Margaret.
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Echinacea? No.
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Turmeric? No.
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Ginger shots? No.
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This is a very, very good quiz.
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What about the stuff you squirt up your nose
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when you're at the beginning of an infection?
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Interesting, but not any better than normal saline spray - just salt water.
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In fact, according to Margaret, there isn't enough evidence that many
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popular health products can actually change the way your immune system works.
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Another popular health trend in the UK is cold water swimming.
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People who swim in cold water say it's good for their mental health,
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and they also believe it makes them less likely to get ill
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during the winter months.
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But scientists aren't sure about the benefits of cold water swimming
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for the immune system yet.
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As Professor John Tregoning explained to BBC Radio Four's Inside Health.
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The social element actually is really important.
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It probably is beneficial to do. You reduce stress and cortisol
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dampens the immune system.
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So actually, if you're stressed, then maybe you are more prone to infection.
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And that may be why that benefit of being with people,
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nice people that you like in nice places is helping.
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But I don't think it's unique to cold water swimming.
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I think you can probably get it from dancing or singing or going for a run.
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John says that cortisol, a chemical associated with stress,
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dampens the immune system.
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Here, dampens means makes weaker.
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We also have a common expression dampen someone's spirits,
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which means to make them less enthusiastic about something.
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John says that there is evidence that people who are stressed
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are more prone to infection.
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If you're more prone to something, it's more likely to happen to you.
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It could be that cold water swimming reduces stress
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and so it helps people's immune systems work well.
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But there are lots of other activities that could have the same effect
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and help people have fewer colds over winter.
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Which reminds me of my question, Georgie.
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I asked how many colds the average UK adult has a year.
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And I said two to three.
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And that is the correct answer.
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So well done. Thank you.
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OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt, starting with touch wood,
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which is an expression used often in speech to avoid bad luck.
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05:17
Snuffles or sniffles are minor illnesses that affect your nose.
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05:22
If you ask someone to back you up,
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you want them to say something to support your opinion.
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05:27
The expression tickety-boo means fine and in good order.
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05:30
If you dampen something, you make it weaker, and the expression dampen
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someone's spirits means you make them less enthusiastic about something.
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And if you're more prone to something, it's more likely to happen to you.
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Once again, our six minutes are up, but you can test what you've learned
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with the free interactive quiz on our website.
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05:49
Bye for now. Goodbye!
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Thanks for listening to this podcast from BBC Learning English.
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Continue your learning on our website with courses, quizzes and programmes
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to improve your English. Visit bbclearningenglish.com.
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