Present Perfect vs Past Simple - Learn English Tenses (Lesson 4)

1,481,554 views ・ 2011-08-29

Anglo-Link


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:10
Welcome back everyone
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λ‹€μ‹œ μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
This is minoo at Anglo-link and this is now the fourth video in our
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Anglo-link의 minooμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œμ œ ν•™μŠ΅ μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆμ˜ λ„€ 번째 λ™μ˜μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
learning the tenses series
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00:19
As I've said before if you haven't seen the previous videos you may want to go and watch them first
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이전에 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 이전 λ™μ˜μƒμ„ λͺ» 보셨닀면
00:26
in this fourth video
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이번 λ„€ 번째 λ™μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ¨Όμ € μ‹œμ²­ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:28
I'm going to explain the differences between the present perfect
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ
00:32
"I have done" and the past simple "I did"
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"I have done"κ³Ό κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ "I did"의 차이점을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
When you're ready, we'll get started
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μ€€λΉ„κ°€ 되면 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ λ°”λ‘œ
00:44
Right
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00:45
Present perfect and past simple
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ™€ λ‹¨μˆœ 과거의
00:47
Let's look at formulation first
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곡식을 λ¨Όμ € μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
You remember from the previous video that the present perfect is
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œκ°€
00:55
formulated with the verb have and the past participle of the main verb
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동사 have와 λ³Έλ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 이전 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ—μ„œ
01:01
I have played tennis
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I have play tennis
01:04
You have played tennis
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You have play tennis
01:05
He/She has played
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He/She has play
01:07
We, you and they have played
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We, you and they have play
01:11
Now let's look at past simple
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이제 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:14
Past simple there are two types of verbs
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœ λ™μ‚¬μ—λŠ”
01:18
regular verbs and
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μ •κ·œ 동사와
01:20
irregular verbs
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λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 두 가지 μœ ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
For regular verbs you simply add "ed" to the end of the infinitive for example:
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일반 λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 경우 뢀정사 끝에 "ed"λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:29
I played tennis
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01:31
and it's the same form for all pronouns
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01:35
I played
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01:36
You played
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01:37
He/She played
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01:38
We, you and they played
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. λ„ˆμ™€ 그듀은
01:42
For irregular verbs you would have to go and learn the form from a list you can go to our website
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λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ 동사λ₯Ό μ—°μ£Όν–ˆλ‹€ yo 우리 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ
01:50
Anglo-link.com where you will find a list of the most common irregular verbs
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Anglo-link.com에 κ°€λ©΄ 당신이 μ™Έμ›Œμ•Ό ν•  κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 λΆˆκ·œμΉ™ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ©λ‘μ„ 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ©λ‘μ—μ„œ ν˜•μ‹μ„ λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:56
Which you will have to memorize
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01:59
That's all for formulation. Let's move on to usage
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. μš©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄
02:04
Right
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02:05
Recap on the usage of present perfect which we looked at in the previous video
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κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€ 이전 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ˜ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ
02:11
Action that is complete at the time of speaking
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μš©λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•œ 볡슡 λ§ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμ μ— μ™„λ£Œλœ λ™μž‘
02:15
Examples were:
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예:
02:18
I've studied three sections until now
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ„Έ 뢀뢄을 κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
I've already done half of the exercises
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이미 μ—°μŠ΅μ˜ μ ˆλ°˜μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
He has driven 500 kilometers so far
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 500kmλ₯Ό μš΄μ „ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
Let's look at the past simple
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœν˜•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ€
02:34
Past simple is similar to present perfect
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02:39
in that it also refers to a completed action in the past
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과거에 μ™„λ£Œλœ λ™μž‘μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œν˜•κ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
But this time there is a clear reference to the specific time of the action in the past
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” κ³Όκ±° λ™μž‘μ˜ νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ…ν™•ν•œ μ°Έμ‘°κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
Let's look at the examples
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예제λ₯Ό 보자
02:55
First example:
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첫 번째 예제:
02:57
I've studied three sections until now
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 3개의 μ„Ήμ…˜μ„ κ³΅λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
The action is complete, but we don't know when
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λ™μž‘μ€ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ–Έμ œμΈμ§€ μ•Œ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
If we add "the when element" if we specify the time in the past
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μ‹œκ°„μ„ 과거둜 μ§€μ •ν•˜λ©΄ "the when μš”μ†Œ"λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λ©΄
03:13
the tense changes to past simple
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μ‹œμ œκ°€ λ‹¨μˆœ 과거둜 λ³€κ²½λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
Let's watch the change
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03:20
I studied three sections last night
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어젯밀에 3개 μ„Ήμ…˜μ„ κ³΅λΆ€ν•œ λ³€κ²½ 사항을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
Let's look at the second example
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두 번째 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
I've already done half of the exercises
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이미 μ—°μŠ΅μ˜ μ ˆλ°˜μ„ μ™„λ£Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
Let's add a specific time in the past
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과거의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ„ μΆ”κ°€
03:38
and the verb changes to
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ν•˜κ³  동사가 λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ λ³€κ²½λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
I did half of the exercises before lunch
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03:45
and our final example:
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:
03:48
He has driven 500 kilometers so far
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κ·ΈλŠ” 50을 μš΄μ „ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 0km
03:53
Let's add the specific time in the past and watch the change from present perfect to past
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과거의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ„ μΆ”κ°€ν•˜κ³  ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ—μ„œ λ‹¨μˆœ 과거둜의 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
simple
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04:04
He drove 500 kilometers yesterday
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04:11
Let's look at the timelines for a better picture of the differences
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04:16
Here's the present perfect
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04:18
that you saw in the previous video
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04:21
an action in the past
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과거의 행동이
04:23
completed at some point
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μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ μ™„λ£Œλ¨ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 말할 λ•Œ
04:24
We don't know when or we don't care to mention when
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04:29
the action is complete
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κ·Έ 행동이 μ–Έμ œ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
at the time of speaking
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04:33
Now
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04:35
if we mentioned that specific time in the past if it fits out past time we
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04:42
we must change to past
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ³€κ²½ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:44
simple
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04:47
Action completed at a specific time in the past
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과거의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ— μ™„λ£Œλœ μž‘μ—…
04:51
There is no longer any connection with now
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더 이상 ν˜„μž¬μ™€ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:55
For example:
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄:
04:57
yesterday
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μ–΄μ œ
04:58
two weeks ago
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2μ£Ό μ „
05:00
when I was 10
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λ‚΄κ°€ 10μ‚΄μ΄μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
05:02
ETC
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ETC
05:05
Let's look at some common mistakes
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λͺ‡ 가지 일반적인 μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:08
The most common mistake is using the present perfect
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κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 μ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:12
Instead of the past simple
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
05:15
for example saying something like
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05:18
We have bought this car two months ago
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ°¨λ₯Ό 두 달 전에 κ΅¬μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
Because we are mentioning a specific time in the past
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
Two months ago
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두 달 전에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
05:26
We should use the past simple
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λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
We bought this car two months ago
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ°¨λ₯Ό 두 달 전에 κ΅¬μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. o
05:34
another example
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 예
05:37
I have slept well last night
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λ‚˜λŠ” 어젯밀에 잘 μž€λ‹€.
05:40
Once again last night refers to a specific time in the past
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어젯밀에 λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ 번 과거의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄
05:45
so we need to use the past simple
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λ―€λ‘œ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.
05:51
I slept well last night
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λ‚˜λŠ” 어젯밀에 잘 μž€λ‹€. 또
05:55
Another example
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 예
05:58
She has met him when she was at college
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŒ€ν•™μ— μžˆμ„ λ•Œ κ·Έλ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬λ‹€.
06:02
Again when she was at College
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CollegeλŠ”
06:05
refers to a specific period of time in the past
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과거의 νŠΉμ • 기간을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄
06:09
and therefore, we should use past simple
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λ―€λ‘œ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. She met him when she met at college
06:13
She met him when she was at College
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06:19
The mistake can be made the other way around
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06:22
Using the past simple where present perfect is required
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06:26
For example:
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06:27
I already called him
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κ·Έλ₯Ό λΆˆλ €λ‹€
06:30
Already means sometime in the past
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이미 과거에 μ–Έμ  κ°€ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:33
until now
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06:35
it's not specific
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그것은 ꡬ체적이지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:37
Therefore we should use
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
06:40
The present perfect
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:42
I have already called him
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I have already called him
06:44
I must point out that
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06:47
I already called him is some time is acceptable in American English
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λ‚˜λŠ” 이미 κ·Έλ₯Ό λΆˆλ €λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ§€μ ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ λ―Έκ΅­ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ ν—ˆμš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
Let's look at two other examples
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 두 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
Where the past tense is used
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κ³Όκ±° μ‹œμ œκ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
She just came back you might hear this especially in America
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She just came back 당신은 특히 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ 이것을 듀을 수
07:03
but really the correct tense is
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ •ν™•ν•œ μ‹œμ œλŠ”
07:07
she has just come back
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she is just come backμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
because just
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 단지
07:11
Doesn't refer to a specific time in the past
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과거의 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
It tells us that the action is complete
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μ™„λ£Œ
07:19
Not a long time ago
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μ–Όλ§ˆ μ „
07:22
And let's look at our last example
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그리고 우리의 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 예λ₯Ό 보자
07:25
Prices went up this month
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이번 달 가격이 μ˜¬λžλ‹€
07:28
This month is not a reference in the past
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이번 달은 과거의 μ°Έμ‘°κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:33
the month continues, it's a present time
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ΄λ‹€
07:38
It means until now in this month, so we should use the present perfect
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이번 달에 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•˜λ―€λ‘œ ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€
07:46
Prices have gone up this month
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이번 달에 가격이 μ˜¬λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:51
Well, that's all for this video. I hope you've enjoyed watching it
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. 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 즐겁게 μ‹œμ²­ν•˜μ…¨κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
As you know you can now go to our website anglo-link.com to read the explanations and do the exercises
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이제 저희 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ anglo-link.com으둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜μ—¬ μ„€λͺ…을 읽고 μ—°μŠ΅μ„ 톡해
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to review this point
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이 점을 κ²€ν† ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ
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Thank you for watching I'll see you in the next video. Bye now
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μŒ λ™μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 μ•ˆλ…•
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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